CN112759795A - 一种低烟无卤阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种低烟无卤阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开的一种低烟无卤阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用,所述低烟无卤阻燃剂以亚微米级别的氢氧化镁为囊心,在分散剂的作用下,以异丙醇铝溶液为原料,合成氢氧化铝包覆氢氧化镁的阻燃剂。由于所述低烟无卤阻燃剂由氢氧化铝包覆氢氧化镁而成,而非二者简单的混合所得,将这样的低烟无卤阻燃剂应用到低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料中可以降低电线电缆材料中阻燃剂的添加量,可使电线电缆材料兼具良好的阻燃性和力学性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及阻燃新材料合成和应用技术领域,尤其是涉及一种低烟无卤阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着高分子材料在工业、日常生活中的大规模使用,其易燃带来安全隐患越来越多,对高分子材料的阻燃处理成为必要措施。无机阻燃剂作为一种环保阻燃材料,具有低烟,不含卤素等优点,得到了大范围的应用,特别是在电线电缆行业应用越来越广泛。
目前无机阻燃剂主要有氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝。氢氧化镁的耐温和阻燃效果优于氢氧化铝,但氢氧化铝极性相对较小,更容易分散,因此电缆厂家基本采用氢氧化铝为主,氢氧化镁为辅的复配方案。但此方案的弊端是氢氧化铝耐温不好、阻燃效率偏低,导致需要添加更多的复配阻燃剂才能达到阻燃效果,进而使得所生产出的电缆的力学性能下降严重。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术所存在的上述技术问题,本发明通过以下方案予以实现:
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种低烟无卤阻燃剂,所述低烟无卤阻燃剂以亚微米级别的氢氧化镁为囊心,在分散剂的作用下,以异丙醇铝溶液为原料,合成氢氧化铝包覆氢氧化镁的阻燃剂。
本发明的第二目的在于提供所述低烟无卤阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)亚微米氢氧化镁的分散:称取亚微米氢氧化镁溶于蒸馏水中,加入分散剂,然后进行超声处理,超声时间20-40min,得到悬浊液A;
(2)低烟无卤阻燃剂的制备:取步骤(1)的悬浊液A于反应容器中,缓慢添加异丙醇铝,边加边搅拌,反应温度控制在70-90℃,然后过滤干燥得到低烟无卤阻燃剂。其中,
步骤(1)中所述的亚微米氢氧化镁为的粒径为D50≤1.5微米,D90≤3微米,且步骤(1)中所述的分散剂为聚乙二醇。
步骤(2)中所述氢氧化镁和所述异丙醇铝的最终质量比为1:0.3-0.6。
本发明的第三目的在于提供一种含有所述低烟无卤阻燃剂的低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料,按重量百分比计,其包括以下组分:醋酸乙烯酯共聚物20-40%;线性低密度聚乙烯5-15%;聚烯烃弹性体1-3%;MB50-0021-3%;抗氧剂0.1-0.3%;所述低烟无卤阻燃剂40-70%。其中,所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂168中一种或多种混合而成。
本发明的第四目的在于提供所述低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:按照第三目的的所述的含有所述低烟无卤阻燃剂的低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料的配方取材料于高速混合机中,高速搅拌5-10min,然后用双螺杆机挤出,挤出温度为150℃-180℃,喂料频率为15-25HZ,螺杆转速为25-40HZ,得到低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明的低烟无卤阻燃剂利用异丙醇铝在含醇的水溶液,会分解成为氢氧化铝,包覆在氢氧化镁表面,制备氢氧化镁-氢氧化铝一体复合阻燃剂,并将其用于电线电缆材料中,可以降低阻燃剂的添加量和减少阻燃剂对力学性能的影响。其具体为:(1)利用化学包覆方法,以氢氧化铝为囊材,氢氧化镁的为囊心,使氢氧化铝跟氢氧化镁有机结合,改变了传统无机阻燃剂简单混合的方式。(2)氢氧化镁的增稠性大于氢氧化铝,本发明的阻燃剂氢氧化铝包覆在氢氧化镁的表面,降低了氢氧化镁的增稠性,物质增稠降低后,在基材中的添加量可以提高,添加量增大,阻燃效果增加。(3)氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁的阻燃机理都为吸热分解,释放出水分子,进一步带走热量,本发明以氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁一体结构,具有两段吸热和分解效果,增加阻燃效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的分析,显然,所描述的仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明下述实施例中制备低烟无卤阻燃剂、低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料所用的材料或试剂均为市售产品。
实施例1
(1)亚微米氢氧化镁的分散:取一定量亚微米氢氧化镁(粒径为D50≤1.5微米,D90≤3微米)溶于蒸馏水中,加入分散剂(聚乙二醇),然后进行超声处理,超声时间20min,得到悬浊液A。
(2)低烟无卤阻燃剂的制备:取适量悬浊液A于反应容器中,缓慢添加异丙醇铝,边加边搅拌,反应温度控制在70℃,最终控制氢氧化镁和异丙醇铝的质量比为1:0.3,然后过滤干燥得到低烟无卤阻燃剂。
(3)上述的低烟无卤阻燃剂在电线电缆中的应用。
一种低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料,包括以下质量分数的组分:
(4)上述的阻燃电线电缆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取以上配方材料于高速混合机中,高速搅拌5min,然后用双螺杆机挤出,挤出温度为150℃-180℃,喂料频率为15HZ,螺杆转速为25HZ,得到低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆料。
实施例2
(1)亚微米氢氧化镁的分散:取一定量亚微米氢氧化镁(粒径为D50≤1.0微米,D90≤2.5微米)溶于蒸馏水中,加入分散剂(聚乙二醇),然后进行超声处理,超声时间40min,得到悬浊液A。
(2)低烟无卤阻燃剂的制备:取适量悬浊液A于反应容器中,缓慢添加异丙醇铝,边加边搅拌,反应温度控制在80℃,最终控制氢氧化镁和异丙醇铝的质量比为1:0.5,然后过滤干燥得到低烟无卤阻燃剂。
(3)上述的低烟无卤阻燃剂在电线电缆中的应用。
一种低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料,包括以下质量分数的组分:
(4)上述的阻燃电线电缆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取以上配方材料于高速混合机中,高速搅拌10min,然后用双螺杆机挤出,挤出温度为150℃-180℃,喂料频率为25HZ,螺杆转速为40HZ,得到低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆料。
实施例3
(1)亚微米氢氧化镁的分散:取一定量亚微米氢氧化镁(粒径为D50≤0.5微米,D90≤2.1微米)溶于蒸馏水中,加入分散剂(聚乙二醇),然后进行超声处理,超声时间30min,得到悬浊液A。
(2)低烟无卤阻燃剂的制备:取适量悬浊液A于反应容器中,缓慢添加异丙醇铝,边加边搅拌,反应温度控制在90℃,最终控制氢氧化镁和异丙醇铝的质量比为1:0.6,然后过滤干燥得到低烟无卤阻燃剂。
(3)上述的低烟无卤阻燃剂在电线电缆中的应用。
一种低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料,包括以下质量分数的组分:
(4)上述的阻燃电线电缆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取以上配方材料于高速混合机中,高速搅拌8min,然后用双螺杆机挤出,挤出温度为150℃-180℃,喂料频率为20HZ,螺杆转速为30HZ,得到低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆料。
实施例4
(1)亚微米氢氧化镁的分散:取一定量亚微米氢氧化镁(粒径为D50≤1.0微米,D90≤2.5微米)溶于蒸馏水中,加入分散剂(聚乙二醇),然后进行超声处理,超声时间30min,得到悬浊液A。
(2)低烟无卤阻燃剂的制备:取适量悬浊液A于反应容器中,缓慢添加异丙醇铝,边加边搅拌,反应温度控制在75℃,最终控制氢氧化镁和异丙醇铝的质量比为1:0.45,然后过滤干燥得到低烟无卤阻燃剂。
(3)上述的低烟无卤阻燃剂在电线电缆中的应用。
一种低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料,包括以下质量分数的组分:
(4)上述的阻燃电线电缆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取以上配方材料于高速混合机中,高速搅拌8min,然后用双螺杆机挤出,挤出温度为150℃-180℃,喂料频率为20HZ,螺杆转速为30HZ,得到阻燃电线电缆料。
一种低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料,包括以下质量分数的组分:
(2)上述的阻燃电线电缆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取以上配方材料于高速混合机中,高速搅拌5min,然后用双螺杆机挤出,挤出温度为150℃-180℃,喂料频率为15HZ,螺杆转速为25HZ,得到阻燃电线电缆料。
对比例1
(1)市售阻燃剂在电线电缆中的应用。
一种低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料,包括以下质量分数的组分:
(2)上述的阻燃电线电缆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取以上配方材料于高速混合机中,高速搅拌5min,然后用双螺杆机挤出,挤出温度为150℃-180℃,喂料频率为15HZ,螺杆转速为25HZ,得到阻燃电线电缆料。
对比例2
(1)市售阻燃剂在电线电缆中的应用。
一种低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料,包括以下质量分数的组分:
(2)上述的阻燃电线电缆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取以上配方材料于高速混合机中,高速搅拌8min,然后用双螺杆机挤出,挤出温度为150℃-180℃,喂料频率为20HZ,螺杆转速为30HZ,得到阻燃电线电缆料。
对比例3
(1)市售阻燃剂在电线电缆中的应用。
一种低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料,包括以下质量分数的组分:
(2)上述的阻燃电线电缆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取以上配方材料于高速混合机中,高速搅拌8min,然后用双螺杆机挤出,挤出温度为150℃-180℃,喂料频率为20HZ,螺杆转速为30HZ,得到阻燃电线电缆料。
对比例4
(1)市售阻燃剂在电线电缆中的应用。
一种低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料,包括以下质量分数的组分:
(2)上述的阻燃电线电缆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取以上配方材料于高速混合机中,高速搅拌8min,然后用双螺杆机挤出,挤出温度为150℃-180℃,喂料频率为20HZ,螺杆转速为30HZ,得到阻燃电线电缆料。
实验例
对实施例1-4和对比例1-4中所制备的电线电缆的性能进行测试,其测试方法分别为:阻燃测试为UL1581,氧指数为GBT 2406.2-2009,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率为ASTM D638,根据上述测试方法测试的具体结果见表1。
表1实施例1-4和对比例1-4中所制备的电线电缆的性能数据
从表1可知:1、通过对比例1和实施例1的对比,使用本发明实施例低烟无卤电线电缆材料,不仅提高了氧指数,而且力学性能相对偏好;2、通过实施例3和对比例2-3可以看出采用本发明的氢氧化铝包覆氢氧化镁的阻燃剂制备材料比添加单一的阻燃剂(氢氧化镁或氢氧化铝)的阻燃效果和力学都好;3、通过实施例4和对比例4可以看出,同等氧化铝配比下,本发明制备的阻燃剂阻燃效果更好,对力学的影响更小。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种低烟无卤阻燃剂,其特征在于,所述低烟无卤阻燃剂以亚微米级别的氢氧化镁为囊心,在分散剂的作用下,以异丙醇铝溶液为原料,合成氢氧化铝包覆氢氧化镁的阻燃剂。
2.权利要求1所述的低烟无卤阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)亚微米氢氧化镁的分散:称取亚微米氢氧化镁溶于蒸馏水中,加入分散剂,然后进行超声处理,超声时间20-40min,得到悬浊液A;
(2)低烟无卤阻燃剂的制备:取步骤(1)的悬浊液A于反应容器中,缓慢添加异丙醇铝,边加边搅拌,反应温度控制在70-90℃,然后过滤干燥得到低烟无卤阻燃剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述的亚微米氢氧化镁为的粒径为D50≤1.5微米,D90≤3微米。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述的分散剂为聚乙二醇。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述氢氧化镁和所述异丙醇铝的最终质量比为1:0.3-0.6。
6.含有权利要求1所述的低烟无卤阻燃剂的低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料,其特征在于,按重量百分比计,其包括以下组分:醋酸乙烯酯共聚物20-40%;线性低密度聚乙烯5-15%;聚烯烃弹性体1-3%;MB50-0021-3%;抗氧剂0.1-0.3%;所述低烟无卤阻燃剂40-70%。
7.根据权利要求6所述的低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料,其特征在于:所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂168中一种或多种混合而成。
8.权利要求7所述的低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:按照权利要求6所述的配方取材料于高速混合机中,高速搅拌5-10min,然后用双螺杆机挤出,挤出温度为150℃-180℃,喂料频率为15-25HZ,螺杆转速为25-40HZ,得到低烟无卤阻燃电线电缆料。
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