CN112753486A - Edible fungus culture medium containing astragalus stem leaves and using method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an edible fungus culture medium containing astragalus stem leaves and a using method thereof. The edible fungus culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-100 parts of astragalus stem and leaf, 75 parts of corncob, 20 parts of bran, 2 parts of gypsum powder, 1 part of soybean flour, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 1 part of white sugar. After the astragalus mongholicus is harvested in autumn, the stems and leaves of the aerial parts are collected, cleaned, dried, crushed, uniformly mixed with other components in proportion, and subjected to material sealing, bagging, sterilization and cooling to obtain the astragalus mongholicus beverage. The invention scientifically optimizes the common edible fungus culture medium, and the ratio of the stems and leaves of the astragalus membranaceus is strictly tested, so that the method can be applied to the production of common edible fungi in the market, and the resource utilization of the agricultural production waste of the astragalus membranaceus is realized. The invention has the characteristics of low cost, high yield, short period, safety and environmental protection, and has wide market space and application prospect.

Description

Edible fungus culture medium containing astragalus stem leaves and using method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of edible fungus cultivation, and relates to an edible fungus cultivation medium prepared by using waste stems and leaves of astragalus mongholicus in agricultural production and a using method thereof. After the astragalus stem and leaf is usually collected in autumn, the astragalus stem and leaf is burned and discarded as waste, and the like, so that resource waste and environmental pollution are caused. Compared with a common substrate, the novel edible fungus culture substrate developed by using the stem leaves of the astragalus has the advantages that: 1. the production cycle of the edible fungi is shortened, the fungus growing stage can be shortened by 2-3 days, and the fruiting stage can be shortened by 2-3 days; 2. the yield is increased, and the average yield of the bags is improved by more than 10 percent; 3. the taste and flavor of the edible fungi are improved, indexes such as the integrity, the width of the pileus, the length of the stipe and the like of the obtained edible fungi can be improved, and the edible fungi have a certain slightly sweet flavor and taste; 4. contains certain health components, and astragaloside IV, etc. are detected from the obtained edible fungi; 5. the method has the advantages of saving resources, protecting environment, fully utilizing agricultural wastes of the astragalus, reducing resource waste and environmental pollution, along with simple use method, no need of manufacturing low-temperature environment in the spawn running stage and cost saving.

Background

Astragalus membranaceus is dried root of Astragalus membranaceus bge Astragalus membrane aceus (Fisch.) Bunge and Astragalus membranaceus bge Astragalus membrane aceu (Fisch.) Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge) Hsiao. The planting amount, production amount, export amount and clinical dosage of the astragalus are all great, the number of Chinese patent medicines containing the astragalus reaches more than 200, and the number of health care products on the market using the astragalus as the raw material reaches more than 160. Meanwhile, Astragalus membranaceus is also included in "appendix 2" of Notification on further standardization of health food raw material management (Wei Fa Ming No. [2002]51, which is a list of articles for health food, and can be used as a raw material of health food, and has high edible safety. According to record in the records of famous medical records of Han Dynasty, the stem and leaf of radix astragali is used as a medicine, has sweet, pungent and neutral taste, enters heart and liver meridians, and has the effects of promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, relaxing muscles and tendons, promoting blood circulation, reducing swelling and treating sore. The abundant resources of the astragalus membranaceus make the overground part of the astragalus membranaceus have better development and utilization prospects. However, in autumn every year, after tens of thousands of tons of medicinal roots of astragalus are harvested, a large amount of overground stem and leaf parts are burnt or discarded, so that resources are wasted, and the environment is polluted.

The waste materials generated during the collection of astragalus, which mainly comprise stem and leaf parts, are also researched and found to have various health-care active ingredients. Various reports show that the stem leaves of the astragalus are rich in various active ingredients such as saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, amino acids, trace elements and the like. A standardization research finds that, according to the detection method of astragalus mongholicus medicinal materials in 2015 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia, not less than 2% of total saponins, 2% of astragalus polysaccharide and the like can be detected in astragalus mongholicus stems and leaves, meanwhile, the content of astragaloside is not less than 0.04%, and the content of calycosin glucoside is not less than 0.02%. The health care function and the research and development potential of the astragalus stem and leaf have important significance for the reasonable utilization of the resources.

The invention utilizes the stem and leaf parts of the astragalus root discarded in the agricultural production to obtain the dry powder of the stem and leaf of the astragalus root through the steps of collecting, cleaning, airing, crushing, sieving, storing and the like, and then obtains the formula of the culture medium for the mainstream edible fungi in the markets of oyster mushroom, needle mushroom and the like and the use method thereof through the formula experiment. The technology is simple to operate, is green and environment-friendly, can produce edible fungi with a certain health-care function, improves the economic value, and simultaneously provides a new way for reasonably utilizing resources and reducing environmental pollution. At present, no relevant report of the formula and the using method of the invention exists at home and abroad.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to produce a novel edible fungus culture medium by utilizing stem and leaf parts discarded in the agricultural production process of astragalus and form a set of using method of the medium. The substrate has scientific formula, is strictly designed, and has the advantages that the adding proportion of the stems and leaves of the astragalus membranaceus is optimized and controlled to be 30-50%, so that the growth speed of various edible mushrooms can be increased to the maximum extent, the properties and the flavor of the mushrooms are improved, the nutrients and the health-care components are enriched, and the deformed mushrooms are not easy to appear. If the adding proportion of the astragalus stem leaves is too low or too high, the phenomena of slow growth of edible fungi, unstable nutrition and health-care components, deformed mushrooms and the like can be caused. The substrate is applied to the planting process of main stream edible mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms and needle mushrooms, has the characteristics of shortening the period, improving the yield, increasing the flavor and the like, and the obtained edible mushroom product also contains certain health-care functional components. Meanwhile, the preparation process of the substrate is simple, the cost is low, the period is short, and the substrate is suitable for large-scale production.

Specifically, the technical steps of the invention are as follows:

(1) harvesting and processing astragalus stem and leaf: in autumn every year, after the medicinal root of the astragalus is harvested, the overground part of stems and leaves of the astragalus is harvested; cleaning the parts which are not suitable for application, such as rotten parts, mildewed parts, worm-eaten parts and the like; cleaning the dust and other impurities on the stem and leaf of the astragalus root with clear water; drying in the sun or at 50-60 deg.C; pulverizing stem and leaf of radix astragali, and sieving with 40-50 mesh sieve; storing the powder of the stems and leaves of the astragalus, keeping the raw materials clean, dry, without insects, mould, peculiar smell and the like.

(2) The formula of the culture medium comprises: 60-100 parts of astragalus stem and leaf powder, 75 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of bran, 2 parts of gypsum powder, 1 part of soybean flour, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 1 part of white sugar. Wherein the weight proportion of the astragalus stem and leaf in the whole formula is 30-50%. After the components are mixed uniformly, the water content is adjusted to be about 55-65%, the substrate is held by hand, the water drops are not generated when the water marks are seen by hand, and the water is scattered when falling to the ground.

(3) Preparing a culture medium: stuffing, namely piling the mixed matrix to stuff for 2 hours and then bagging, and also can stuff a small amount of clear water after fermenting for 5-6 days and then bagging; bagging, namely polypropylene bags, which are suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization, wherein the single-side opening or the double-side opening can be adopted, filling is carried out according to the specification of 500 g or 1000 g of each bag, the tightness or the looseness is not required, and the opening is sealed after filling; and (3) sterilization: sterilizing at 120 deg.C for 3-6 hr by high temperature, high pressure and high humidity sterilization, and cooling thoroughly; storing, storing the culture medium in clean, cool and dry environment, and cleaning the fungus bags in time if there is contaminated fungus.

(4) Inoculating, growing and fruiting: inoculating, namely inoculating a small amount of edible fungus mother strains in an aseptic environment such as a super clean bench or an inoculation room, inoculating, and sealing; spawn running is carried out in a dark or low-light environment and a medium-low temperature environment below 20 ℃, ventilation, heat dissipation and the like are required when the stacking temperature is too high, the spawn running time is about 1 month, and hyphae grow over the whole spawn bag; fruiting, opening the seal, covering fruiting rings, and managing fruiting according to different edible fungus types, generally controlling low temperature below 20 deg.C and air humidity above 80%, keeping moisture and supplementing water, and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests.

(5) Harvesting, trimming and packaging: harvesting, namely harvesting mushroom products in time according to different edible mushroom products and market demands, wherein the mushroom products can be harvested after opening a seal for 2-4 weeks generally, and a harvester needs to keep cleanness and sanitation and wear a mask, a work clothes and the like; trimming, namely performing the processes of trimming at will, grading on site, boxing, precooling and the like according to the product requirements; and (3) packaging, namely selecting a packaging material and a technology which meet the national standard according to the properties and characteristics of different edible fungus products, and packaging to reduce collision and damage seen by mushroom bodies.

Detailed description of the invention

Example 1 preparation of Astragalus stems and leaves culture substrate for oyster Mushroom planting

Harvesting and processing astragalus stem and leaf: collecting stems and leaves of radix astragali produced in Changzhi city of Shanxi province in autumn, cleaning, air drying, grinding with a grinder, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, and storing for use. The formula of the culture medium is as follows: 60 parts of astragalus stem and leaf, 75 parts of corncob, 20 parts of bran, 2 parts of gypsum powder, 1 part of soybean flour, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 1 part of white sugar, mixing the components uniformly, adjusting the water content to about 60%, and standing overnight. Preparing a fungus bag: opening one side of a polypropylene bag, filling 500 g of materials according to the specification of the fungus bag, sealing, sterilizing at 122 ℃ for 4 hours, and cooling for later use.

Inoculating bacteria: operating in a super clean bench, taking a small amount of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation mother seeds, inoculating the oyster mushroom to a cultivation substrate, and sealing. Spawn running: about 25 days after inoculation, hyphae overgrow the whole fungus bag, and the hyphae are strong and dense. Fruiting: 15-20 ℃, humidity of 80%, ventilation and weak light illumination, and fruiting is finished in about 14 days. Harvesting: timely harvesting, keeping the integrity of the oyster mushrooms, and grading according to related standards.

Compared with the common culture medium, the culture medium prepared from the astragalus stem leaves has the following characteristics: 1. the production period of the oyster mushrooms is shortened, about 60 days are needed from the production of a common substrate to the fruiting harvesting, the fungus growing time is shortened by 2-3 days and the fruiting time is shortened by 2-3 days for the culture substrate prepared from the astragalus membranaceus stems and leaves, the mushrooms can be harvested in about 55 days in the whole process, and the hyphae are more vigorous, robust and dense in growth. 2. The yield is increased, compared with the average fresh weight (60.93 +/-13.12 g) and dry weight (8.38 +/-1.44 g) of oyster mushroom produced in each fungus bag of a common substrate, the average fresh weight (69.63 +/-12.83 g) and dry weight (11.50 +/-2.63 g) of oyster mushroom in each bag of a culture substrate prepared from astragalus stem and leaf are obviously increased, and the yield increasing effect is achieved. 3. The characteristics and flavor of the oyster mushroom are measured according to the standard of the Ministry of agriculture of oyster mushroom, the culture medium prepared from the astragalus stem and leaves can increase the diameter of an umbrella cover of the oyster mushroom, a product with high specification grade is obtained, and the oyster mushroom has certain slightly sweet flavor. 4. The active ingredients, namely the oyster mushroom produced by the astragalus stem and leaf culture medium, have a certain amount of health care ingredients which are detected, and the astragalus glucoside content in the dried oyster mushroom is 2.15 +/-0.39 mg/g.

Example 2 preparation of Astragalus stems and leaves culture substrate for Flammulina velutipes cultivation

Harvesting and processing astragalus stem and leaf: collecting stems and leaves of radix astragali produced in Baotou city of inner Mongolia autonomous region in autumn, cleaning, air drying to dry, grinding with a grinder, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, and storing for use. The formula of the culture medium is as follows: 100 parts of astragalus stem and leaf, 75 parts of corncob, 20 parts of bran, 2 parts of gypsum powder, 1 part of soybean flour, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 1 part of white sugar, mixing the components uniformly, adjusting the water content to about 60%, and standing overnight. Preparing a fungus bag: opening one side of a polypropylene bag, filling 500 g of materials according to the specification of the fungus bag, sealing, sterilizing at 122 ℃ for 4 hours, and cooling for later use.

Inoculating bacteria: and (3) operating in a super clean bench, taking a small amount of Flammulina velutipes cultivation mother seeds, inoculating bacteria to a cultivation substrate, and sealing. Spawn running: about 30 days after inoculation, hyphae overgrow the whole fungus bag, and the hyphae are strong and dense. Fruiting: the mushroom is grown at 15 ℃ and humidity of 80%, left and right ventilation and weak illumination for about 15 days. Harvesting: timely harvesting to keep the integrity of the flammulina velutipes, and grading according to related standards.

Compared with the common culture medium, the culture medium prepared from the astragalus stem leaves has the following characteristics: 1. the production period of the flammulina velutipes is shortened, about 70 days are needed from the production of a common substrate to the fruiting harvesting, the fungus growing time is shortened by 2-3 days and the fruiting time is shortened by 2-3 days for the culture substrate prepared from the astragalus membranaceus stems and leaves, the cultivation substrate can be harvested in about 66 days in the whole process, and hyphae are more vigorous, robust and dense in growth. 2. The yield is increased, compared with the average fresh weight (53.93 +/-9.32 g) and dry weight (7.44 +/-1.06 g) of the flammulina velutipes produced in each fungus bag of the common substrate, the average fresh weight (60.85 +/-10.43 g) and dry weight (8.51 +/-1.37 g) of the flammulina velutipes produced in each bag of the culture substrate prepared from astragalus stem leaves are obviously increased, and the yield increasing effect is achieved. 3. The character and the flavor of the flammulina velutipes are measured according to the flammulina velutipes standard, the cultivation substrate prepared from the astragalus stem leaves can be used for producing the flammulina velutipes to reach the first-level standard, and products with high specification grade can be obtained, and the flammulina velutipes has certain slightly sweet flavor. 4. Active ingredients, namely needle mushroom produced by the astragalus stem and leaf culture medium, have a small amount of detected health-care ingredients, and the astragalus glucoside content in the dried needle mushroom is 1.54 +/-0.27 mg/g. .

Claims (1)

1. An edible fungus culture medium containing stem and leaf of radix astragali and its application method are provided. The method mainly utilizes stem and leaf parts discarded in the agricultural production process of astragalus to prepare a culture medium and produce edible fungi, and comprises the steps of harvesting and processing the stem and leaf parts of astragalus, the formula of the culture medium, and the preparation and use methods of the culture medium, and is applied to the culture production of the edible fungi. The culture medium is suitable for mainstream edible fungi in markets such as oyster mushrooms and needle mushrooms, and has multiple advantages including shortening the production period of the edible fungi, enabling hyphae to grow vigorously, increasing the yield of the edible fungi, improving the appearance and the flavor, and being rich in certain astragalus health-care components. In addition, the invention fully utilizes the astragalus stem and leaf resources, reduces waste and protects the environment.

The method comprises the following steps:

(1) harvesting and processing astragalus stem and leaf: in autumn every year, after the medicinal root of the astragalus is harvested, the overground part of stems and leaves of the astragalus is harvested; cleaning the parts which are not suitable for application, such as rotten parts, mildewed parts, worm-eaten parts and the like; cleaning the dust and other impurities on the stem and leaf of the astragalus root with clear water; drying in the sun or at 50-60 deg.C; pulverizing stem and leaf of radix astragali, and sieving with 40-50 mesh sieve; storing the powder of the stems and leaves of the astragalus, keeping the raw materials clean, dry, without insects, mould, peculiar smell and the like.

(2) The formula of the culture medium is as follows: 60-100 parts of astragalus stem and leaf powder, 75 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of bran, 2 parts of gypsum powder, 1 part of soybean flour, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 1 part of white sugar. Wherein the weight proportion of the astragalus stem and leaf powder in the whole formula is about 30-50%. After the components are mixed uniformly, the water content is adjusted to be about 55-65%, the substrate is held by hand, the water drops are not generated when the water marks are seen by hand, and the water is scattered when falling to the ground.

(3) Preparing a culture medium: material sealing, stacking for more than 2 hours, or 5-6 days; bagging, namely high-temperature and high-pressure resistant fungus bags with single-side openings or double-side openings; filling according to the specification of the fungus bag, wherein the fungus bag is not too tight or too loose; sterilizing at 120 deg.C for 3-6 hr, and cooling; storing, storing the culture medium in clean, cool and dry environment, and cleaning the polluted fungus bags in time.

(4) Inoculating, growing and fruiting: inoculating, namely inoculating in an aseptic environment such as a super clean bench or an inoculation room, taking a small amount of edible fungus mother strains, inoculating, and sealing; spawn running is carried out in a spawn running field in a dark or low-light environment at the temperature of below 20 ℃, ventilation, heat dissipation and the like are required when the stacking temperature is too high, the spawn running time is about 1 month, and hyphae grow over the whole spawn bag; fruiting, opening the seal, covering fruiting rings, and managing fruiting according to different edible fungus types, generally controlling low temperature below 20 deg.C and air humidity above 80%, keeping moisture and supplementing water, and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests.

(5) Harvesting, trimming and packaging: harvesting, namely harvesting mushroom products in time according to different edible mushroom products and market demands, wherein the mushroom products can be harvested after opening a seal for 2-4 weeks generally, and a harvester needs to keep cleanness and sanitation and wear a mask, a work clothes and the like; trimming, namely performing the processes of trimming at will, grading on site, boxing, precooling and the like according to the product requirements; and (3) packaging, namely selecting a packaging material and a technology which meet the national standard according to the properties and characteristics of different edible fungus products, and packaging to reduce collision and damage seen by mushroom bodies.