CN112748086A - 采用太赫兹技术检测西洋参真假及产地的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种采用太赫兹技术检测西洋参真假及产地的方法,采用太赫兹技术无损、快速识别西洋参真假。获取待测西洋参样品的混合粉末的时域图,通过傅里叶变换将上述时域图转化为频域图,并计算其太赫兹吸收光谱,通过是否有拟人参皂苷F11的特征吸收峰来判断其真伪。该方法突破了现阶段传统用显微鉴定对同属药材的显微特征相似难以区分、理化鉴定法耗时过长、性状识别法只能检测完整西洋参、化学方法损耗样本多、其它光谱方法无法识别拟人参皂苷F11的局限,并发现仅有中国产地西洋参在2.53THz有特征峰的属性,实现对西洋参药物的无损、快速识别检测。识别西洋参及其产地的正确率高达99%以上,给名贵药材的检测和监管提供了新型技术方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种识别技术,特别涉及一种采用太赫兹技术检测西洋参真假及产地的方法。
背景技术
西洋参是既古老又珍贵的药用植物,是五加科的草本植物,由于其具有抗高血压、刺激神经细胞、抗糖尿病和抗癌的特性,在许多国家是一种有价值的药用植物。西洋参的药用价值和三七类似,也是由于其具有多种对人体有益的人参皂苷,对中枢神经系统、心血管系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统具有广泛的药理作用。此外,这些化合物对治疗癌症很有用。现市面上存在的西洋参由于品种差异、产地不同、生产环境影响,造成最后药理功效不同,进入市场前需要对关键成分进行预先检测,分级别、鉴定合格后方能提供给人们使用。
现阶段的西洋参检测的方法主要有性状鉴定、显微鉴定、理化鉴定三大类。
性状鉴定是通过观察药材形状、大小、颜色、质地、气味、表面和折断面特征、水试及火试中的主要鉴别特征,来鉴别药材的真伪优劣,产地,是最简单、快速、易行的鉴定方法。但是该性状鉴定方法适用于完整的药材的鉴别,当药材加工成饮片或者粉末时,失去必要的性状特征,性状鉴定方法的鉴定能力有限。
显微鉴定是利用显微技术对中药组织构造、细胞形态及内含物等进行分析鉴定,适用于外形不易鉴定的完整药材、破碎或粉末状药材,及中成药的鉴别。显微鉴定尤其适用于粉末状药材的鉴定。显微鉴定与理化鉴定和分子鉴定等方法相比,仪器要求简单、试剂用量少,鉴定速度快,但也存在一些不足,同属药材的显微特征相似,很难鉴定开。
理化鉴定是指利用了物理方法、化学方法或者仪器分析方法,定性或定量分析中药的特征化学成分的鉴定方法。目前主要有光谱法、色谱法、显色法、荧光反应、微量升华法、沉淀法及分光光度计法等,但是耗时较长。
此外,特别是对于西洋参药材的粉末形态,即西洋参片、粉,由于已失去原有的形态特征,出现了同属参类药材或大米、土豆、小麦、小米或大豆等粉末掺伪品。假药的出现不仅影响了西洋参临床及保健应用的疗效和安全,也扰乱了中药材市场的正常秩序。目前没有针对西洋参等中草药的无损检测及其产地判别的方法。
发明内容
本发明是针对西洋参鉴别现在存在的问题,提出了一种采用太赫兹技术检测西洋参真假及产地的方法。
本发明的技术方案为一种采用太赫兹技术检测西洋参真假及产地的方法,具体包括如下步骤:
1)将待测西洋参样品在粉碎机中粉碎;再将其与对太赫兹高透的聚乙烯粉末按比例混合均匀后放入压片机中压制,获得测试所需要的药片;
2)将太赫兹仪的样品室降低湿度至3%以下,测量背景单通道,收集同样厚度聚乙烯片的时域图作为背景;
3)将制备好的混合药片放置在样品架上测试,获取待测西洋参样品的混合粉末的时域图,通过傅里叶变换将上述时域图转化为频域图,并计算其太赫兹吸收光谱;
4)观测是否有西洋参所特有的1.76THz、3.11THz、3.61THz三个主要特征吸收峰,如均出现吸收峰,即可判定其为真西洋参;
5)确定待测样品为西洋参后,再观测其光谱在2.53THz处是否有吸收峰,如有则判定其产地是中国,如没有则判定产地为北美地区。
所述西洋参中拟人参皂苷F11特征光谱有1.76THz、3.11THz、3.61THz三个特征峰。
所述步骤1)与西洋参混合材料为任何对太赫兹高透过率的材料。
所述步骤1)西洋参样品可为包括原物、粉末、制剂、液体、含片在内的各类形态。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明采用太赫兹技术检测西洋参真假及产地的方法,利用太赫兹对西洋参样品检测方法,整个操作过程简单、方便。且整个过程的完成通常只需几分钟内,远优于传统的至少几天到几周的测试周期,在提高检测技术的同时提高了工作效率。解决了当前医药行业无法快速定量检测以及检测其产地的问题,而且只需少许的西洋参粉末,不会造成原材料损毁的问题。
附图说明
图1是采用本发明的方法检测中草药国产西洋参的特征光谱图;
图2是采用本发明的方法检测中草药进口西洋参的特征光谱图;
图3为拟人参皂苷F11的特征光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
本发明提供一种采用太赫兹技术检测西洋参真假及产地的方法,能够快速、低成本、简便的鉴定流入市场的药物西洋参的产地并获得关键成分含量。具体包括如下步骤:
1、将待测西洋参样品在粉碎机中粉碎;再将其与聚乙烯粉末等对太赫兹高透材料按比例混合均匀后放入压片机中压制,获得测试所需要的药片;采用的配比西洋参制样的混合材料可以是聚乙烯、环烯烃类聚合物等任何对太赫兹高透过率的材料。
2、将太赫兹仪的样品室降低湿度至3%以下,测量背景单通道,收集同样厚度聚乙烯片的时域图作为背景;
3、将制备好的混合药片放置在样品架上测试,获取待测西洋参样品的混合粉末的时域图,通过傅里叶变换将上述时域图转化为频域图,并计算其太赫兹吸收光谱;计算公式:其中,Ab为吸收数据,Sam为频域图数据,Ref为参考频域图数据;
4、分析待测西洋参样品吸收光谱数据,观测是否有西洋参所特有的1.76THz、3.11THz、3.61THz三个主要特征吸收峰,即可判定样品是否含有西洋参从而判定其真假;如图1所示检测中草药国产西洋参的特征光谱图,三处均出现特征吸收峰,即可判定其为真西洋参。
5、确定待测样品为西洋参后,再观测其光谱在2.53THz处是否有吸收峰,判定其产地是中国还是北美地区。比较图1和图2可看出,两种西洋参的区别在于2.53THz的吸收峰,在2.53THz处有吸收峰,其产地是中国,如没有则判定产地为北美地区。
实施例:仪器:太赫兹光谱仪、电子秤、粉碎机、压片机、研磨皿;样品:国产西洋参样品、进口西洋参样品、聚乙烯粉末(PE);
西洋参样品的配制:
将待测西洋参样品分别放入粉碎机中粉碎作为样品;用电子秤秤取适量通过样品粉末,再分别与适量的聚乙烯粉末在研磨皿中搅拌混合均匀,样品与聚乙烯粉末混合比例为6:1。然后将所得两种混合粉末在压片机中采用3吨的力压制3min,获得测试所需要的西洋参样品样品药片;使用太赫兹光谱仪做太赫兹光谱测试。
1)将太赫兹仪的样品室降低湿度至3%以下,测量背景单通道,收集同样厚度聚乙烯片的时域图作为背景;
2)将制备好的混合药片放置在样品架上测试,获取待测西洋参样品的混合粉末的时域图,通过傅里叶变换将上述时域图转化为频域图,并计算其太赫兹吸收光谱;计算公式:
其中,Ab为吸收数据,Sam为频域图数据,Ref为参考频域图数据;
3)分析待测西洋参样品吸收光谱数据,观测是否有西洋参所特有的1.76THz、3.11THz、3.61THz三个主要特征吸收峰,判定其真假;确定待测样品为西洋参后,再观测其光谱在2.53THz处是否有吸收峰,判定其产地是中国还是北美地区。
本发明方法适用于西洋参的各类形态药物,包括原物、粉末、制剂、液体、含片等。
拟人参皂苷F11为西洋参独有的一种皂苷,如图3为拟人参皂苷F11的特征光谱图,本发明通过观测样品的太赫兹吸收谱中是否有拟人参皂苷F11的三个特征峰1.76THz、3.11THz、3.61THz进行识别,以往的西洋参鉴别中没有将其与鉴别技术相关联;此外,在2.53THz处的吸收峰为中国产西洋参所独有。其他太赫兹测试药物的方法并未提出针对西洋参真假识别的拟人参皂苷F11的三个特征峰1.76THz、3.11THz、3.61THz以及产地识别的特征峰2.53THz,无法适用于西洋参的有效检测。
Claims (4)
1.一种采用太赫兹技术检测西洋参真假及产地的方法,其特征在于,具体包括如下步骤:
1)将待测西洋参样品在粉碎机中粉碎;再将其与对太赫兹高透的聚乙烯粉末按比例混合均匀后放入压片机中压制,获得测试所需要的药片;
2)将太赫兹仪的样品室降低湿度至3%以下,测量背景单通道,收集同样厚度聚乙烯片的时域图作为背景;
3)将制备好的混合药片放置在样品架上测试,获取待测西洋参样品的混合粉末的时域图,通过傅里叶变换将上述时域图转化为频域图,并计算其太赫兹吸收光谱;
4)观测是否有西洋参所特有的1.76THz、3.11THz、3.61THz三个主要特征吸收峰,如均出现吸收峰,即可判定其为真西洋参;
5)确定待测样品为西洋参后,再观测其光谱在2.53THz处是否有吸收峰,如有则判定其产地是中国,如没有则判定产地为北美地区。
2.根据权利要求1所述采用太赫兹技术检测西洋参真假及产地的方法,其特征在于,所述西洋参中拟人参皂苷F11特征光谱有1.76THz、3.11THz、3.61THz三个特征峰。
3.根据权利要求1所述采用太赫兹技术检测西洋参真假及产地的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)与西洋参混合材料为任何对太赫兹高透过率的材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述采用太赫兹技术检测西洋参真假及产地的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)西洋参样品可为包括原物、粉末、制剂、液体、含片在内的各类形态。
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