CN112739362B - 含有甘草提取物或从中分离的化合物作为活性成分、用于预防或治疗肌肉疾病的组合物 - Google Patents
含有甘草提取物或从中分离的化合物作为活性成分、用于预防或治疗肌肉疾病的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112739362B CN112739362B CN202080004857.4A CN202080004857A CN112739362B CN 112739362 B CN112739362 B CN 112739362B CN 202080004857 A CN202080004857 A CN 202080004857A CN 112739362 B CN112739362 B CN 112739362B
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- muscle
- compound
- licorice
- extract
- salt
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于预防或治疗肌肉疾病的组合物。更具体地,提供了用于预防或治疗肌肉疾病的药物组合物和保健功能性食品组合物,其包含甘草提取物、其部位、从中分离的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分。根据本发明,甘草提取物或其部位、化合物或其盐可使成肌细胞增殖、形成肌管并促进分化为肌细胞。此外,甘草提取物或其部位和化合物或其盐对使受损的肌肉再生具有优异效果,因此通过使用该组合物可以有效地预防、缓解或治疗各种肌肉疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于预防或治疗肌肉疾病的组合物,所述组合物包含甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)提取物或从中分离的化合物作为活性成分。
背景技术
肌肉是组成人体的重要部分,是中胚层干细胞表达的组织。肌肉约占我们身体的40%,并由骨骼和肌腱支撑,它们一起运动以改变细胞的大小,从而引起收缩。肌肉分为骨骼肌、心肌和内脏肌,它们在每个部位产生体力,引起运动,并保护身体器官(例如骨骼、关节和内脏器官)。此外,肌肉具有再生能力,当肌肉受损时,经卫星细胞及其周围环境变性后,其可再生为具有原有收缩和松弛能力的肌肉。
肌肉疾病是由先天遗传或环境因素引起的,随着近年来社会老龄化和寿命延长的趋势,与肌肉损失相关的疾病日益增多。从40岁开始,人类肌肉每年至少减少1%,到80岁时,最大肌肉质量水平减少50%,因此,老年时的肌肉损失被认为是降低整体身体功能的最重要原因。与过去相比,这些肌肉疾病在世界范围内呈上升趋势。
然而,由于肌肉疾病的病因比其它疾病更为多样,准确诊断并不容易。根据症状的严重程度,该疾病因类型而异,因此确切的机制是罕见的,这是因为该疾病通常不为人所知。肌肉疾病的症状进展迅速,且肌肉疾病患者在其日常生活中遭受困难。相关疾病的基本治疗方法很少。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的目的是提供用于预防或治疗肌肉疾病的组合物,所述组合物包含天然物质的提取物或从中分离的化合物,其作为活性成分对治疗肌肉疾病具有优异效果。
技术手段
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了用于预防或治疗肌肉疾病的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含甘草提取物或其部位作为活性成分。
本发明提供了用于预防或改善肌肉疾病的保健功能性食品组合物,所述保健功能性食品组合物包含甘草提取物或其部位作为活性成分。
本发明提供了用于预防或治疗肌肉疾病的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含由化学式1至化学式3中的任一个表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分,
[化学式1]
[化学式2]
[化学式3]
此外,本发明提供了用于预防或改善肌肉疾病的保健功能性食品组合物,所述保健功能性食品组合物包含上述化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分。
有益效果
本发明所述的甘草提取物或其部位、从中分离的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐诱导成肌细胞增殖,并促进成肌细胞分化为肌管。此外,由于其在使受损的肌肉再生方面具有优异效果,因此包含甘草提取物或其部位、从中分离的化合物或其盐作为活性成分的药物组合物或保健功能性食品组合物能够有效地预防、缓解或治疗各种肌肉疾病。
此外,通过使用天然产物,该组合物副作用少并且是安全的。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明实施例所述的甘草提取物或其部位的制备方法的示意图。
图2示出了用甘草热水提取物处理的成肌细胞(C2C12)的增殖和分化的观察结果;a)是通过MTT分析证实细胞增殖与甘草热水提取物浓度相关的图像和图表;b)是示出了在细胞表面施加划伤(scratch)后用甘草热水提取物处理的变化的图像;c)示出了融合指数、实时PCR、蛋白质印迹(Western blot)和免疫染色结果,证实了成肌细胞分化为肌管(肌细胞)。
图3示出了摄入甘草热水提取物后对小鼠肌肉的分析结果;a)是示出了小鼠体重和肌肉重量减少率的表格;b)是蛋白质印迹的结果;c)是通过指定和量化蛋白质印迹条带的强度而获得的图;以及d)是通过免疫染色显示蛋白表达变化的图像。
图4示出了用甘草提取物部位处理的成肌细胞增殖的结果;a)是成肌细胞的MTT分析图像和图表;以及b)是示出了在细胞表面施加划伤后用部位处理的变化的图像。
图5示出了用甘草提取物部位处理的成肌细胞分化的观察结果;a)是示出了肌管形成和融合指数的图像的图表;以及b)和c)示出了用部位处理的肌肉分化/肌肉萎缩基因和蛋白表达的变化。
图6示出了从本发明实施例所述的乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)部位分离的最终单一化合物的化学结构。
图7示出了用最终单一化合物处理的成肌细胞增殖和分化的观察结果;a)是示出了用本发明实施例所述的所分离的十种最终化合物处理的细胞增殖的变化的图表;b)是肌管形成的图像和示出了融合指数的图表;c)是示出了用购买的三种最终化合物处理的细胞增殖的变化的图表;以及d)是肌管形成的图像和示出了融合指数的图表。
图8示出了在摄入购买的最终化合物中的甘草素后小鼠肌肉变化的结果;a)是示出了体重、腓肠肌重量和肌肉重量减少的图表;b)是H&E染色的结果;以及c)是测量肌肉直径的图表(μm)。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将详细描述本发明。
本发明提供了用于预防或治疗肌肉疾病的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含甘草提取物或其部位作为活性成分。
甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer)是属于双子叶红木豆科的一种药用植物,可通过自然收获或栽培获得,也可商业购买。
甘草根或根茎可以原样使用,或者可以通过去除周皮来使用,并且优选地,可以使用甘草的干燥根。
如本文所使用的,术语“提取物”是指通过提取天然物质的组分而获得的物质,而不考虑提取方法、提取溶剂、所提取的组分或提取物的形态,并且它可以包括通过提取天然物质的成分并随后通过其它方法加工或处理所提取的材料而获得的所有材料。
甘草提取物可以根据本领域常用的方法提取,例如热水提取、超声提取、过滤、回流提取等,这些可以单独进行,也可以两种以上方法组合进行。
在本发明中,甘草提取物可用水、C1至C4醇或它们的混合溶剂提取,优选地,甘草提取物可以是通过用相对于甘草重量的15至25倍、更优选20倍蒸馏水在110℃至120℃、更优选115℃下加热2至4小时、更优选3小时而提取的热水提取物,但不限于此。
在本发明中,甘草提取物的部位可通过用选自于由二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇的一种或多种溶剂对甘草提取物、优选甘草热水提取物进行分级分离而获得,并且更优选地,其可为用乙酸乙酯分级分离的甘草热水提取物的部位。
根据本发明的一个实施方式,在将甘草的热水提取物悬浮在蒸馏水中之后,依次分配二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇,并且将各溶液蒸发以获得二氯甲烷部位、乙酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位。
在本发明中,甘草提取物或其部位能够诱导成肌细胞增殖,形成肌管,并促进成肌细胞向肌细胞分化。此外,甘草提取物或其部位抑制肌肉蛋白水解和肌肉萎缩,并能使受损的肌肉再生。
甘草提取物或其部位可增加选自于由MYOG、MYOD、MYL2和Pax7(它们是与肌肉分化或肌肉再生相关的肌源性调节因子)组成的组的一个或多个基因或蛋白的表达,并可减少选自于由MSTN、MuRF1、Atrogin1和硝基酪氨酸(Nitrotyrosine)(它们是与肌肉蛋白水解或肌肉萎缩相关的因子)组成的组的一个或多个基因或蛋白的表达。
MYOD启动肌肉特异性基因的表达并诱导肌卫星细胞向成肌细胞分化。通过MYOD活性诱导成肌素(myogenin,MYOG)表达是成肌细胞融合过程中最重要的因素,并参与肌管的形成,并且通过这个过程形成的肌纤维形成束(bundle),并最终形成肌肉。
本发明提供了用于预防或治疗肌肉疾病的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含由以下式1至式3中的任一个表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分,
[化学式1]
[化学式2]
[化学式3]
化学式1至化学式3的化合物是从甘草中分离出来的活性成分,优选地,化学式1表示甘草素,化学式2表示四羟基甲氧基查尔酮,并且化学式3表示甘草查尔酮B。
化合物或其盐可通过本领域众所周知的方法直接从天然产物中分离或提取,或通过化学合成制备,并且可选择和使用市售产品,但方法或材料不受特别限制。
在本发明中,化合物或其盐可通过从用水、C1至C4醇或它们的混合溶剂提取的甘草提取物中分离而获得,优选从通过用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯对甘草的甲醇提取物进行分级分离获得的部位中分离而获得,并且优选地,从通过用二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯依次分配甘草甲醇提取物获得的部位而获得,但不限于此。
更优选地,化合物或其盐可通过以下来获得:将用100%甲醇回流提取甘草的干燥根而获得的甘草甲醇提取物悬浮在蒸馏水中,分配到二氯甲烷中,从其水部位中移除二氯甲烷,分配到乙酸乙酯中,从由此获得的乙酸乙酯部位中分离。
更具体地,化学式1的化合物或其盐可通过以下来制备:用己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇(己烷-EtOAc-MeOH,5.5:1:0.1,3:1:0.1,v/v)、氯仿-丙酮-甲醇(CHCl3-丙酮-MeOH,3:1:0.1,v/v)和氯仿-甲醇-水(CHCl3-MeOH-H2O,5:1:0.1,3:1:0.1,v/v)通过乙酸乙酯部位的硅胶柱层析来获得5个部位(Fr.E1-E5);通过使用SNAP Ultra C18盒(cartridge)的MPLC,用梯度的甲醇-水(MeOH-水,34-75%MeOH,v/v)对其中的部位E2进行分离,获得16个部位(Fr.E2A-E2P);然后用溶剂己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇(己烷-EtOAc-MeOH,3:1:0.1,v/v)使用硅胶柱层析对其中的部位E2C进行分离,但不限于此。
化学式2的化合物或其盐是通过以下来制备:通过使用SNAP Ultra C18盒的MPLC,用梯度的甲醇-水(MeOH-水,33-80%MeOH,v/v),将从乙酸乙酯部位分离的5个部位(Fr.E1-E5)中的部位E3分离成15个部位(Fr.E3A-E3O);以及通过使用SNAP KP-SIL盒的MPLC,用梯度的己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇(己烷-EtOAc-MeOH,28-36%EtOAc-MeOH,1:0.1,v/v)对部位中的部位E3E进行分离,但其不限于此。
此外,化学式3的化合物或其盐可通过以下来制备:通过使用SNAP KP-SIL盒的MPLC,用梯度的己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇(己烷-EtOAc-MeOH,20-34%EtOAc-MeOH,1:0.1,v/v)对15个部位(Fr.E3A-E3O)中的部位E3F进行分离;以及通过TLC(硅胶60F254,己烷-EtOAc-MeOH,1:1:0.2,v/v)对这些部位中的部位E3FB进行分离,但不限于此。
所述化合物可在与其具有相同功效的范围内以药学上或营养学(sitologically)上可接受的盐的形式使用。
如本文所使用的,“药学上或营养学上可接受”是指其对暴露于该组合物的人类或细胞无毒。
盐可以以药学上或营养学上可接受的碱性盐或酸性盐的形式使用。碱性盐可以以有机碱性盐或无机碱性盐的形式使用,并且可以选自于由钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、锂盐、镁盐、铯盐、铝盐、铵盐、三乙基铝盐和吡啶盐所组成的组。
酸性盐是由游离酸形成的有用的酸加成盐。无机酸和有机酸可用作游离酸。盐酸、溴酸、硫酸、亚硫酸、磷酸、双磷酸、硝酸等可用作无机酸,柠檬酸、乙酸、马来酸、富马酸、葡萄糖酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸、草酸、丙二酸、戊二酸、乙酸、醛糖酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、4-甲苯磺酸、半乳糖醛酸、扑酸、谷氨酸、柠檬酸、天冬氨酸、硬脂酸等可用作有机酸,但它们不限于此,并且可以包括使用本领域常用的各种无机酸和有机酸形成的所有盐。
此外,所述化合物可包括可通过常规方法制备的所有盐、水合物、溶剂化物、衍生物等,以及药学上或营养学上可接受的盐。加成盐可以通过常规方法制备,并且可通过以下来制备:溶解在水溶性有机溶剂(例如丙酮、甲醇、乙醇或乙腈)中,添加过量的无机碱的水性碱溶液或有机碱,然后沉淀或结晶。或者,可通过从混合物中将溶剂或过量碱蒸发并干燥以获得加成盐,或通过抽滤沉淀的盐来制备。
在本发明中,所述化合物或其盐诱导成肌细胞增殖,形成肌管,并促进成肌细胞向肌细胞分化。此外,所述化合物或其盐抑制肌肉蛋白水解和肌肉萎缩,并可使受损的肌肉再生。
在本发明中,肌肉疾病是由于肌肉功能下降、肌肉消瘦或肌肉退化引起的疾病,例如,它可以是选自于由肌肉萎缩、肌肉营养不良、肌肉减少症、肌肉病变、肌无力和肌肉损伤组成的组中的一种或多种,但不限于此。
如本文所使用的,“预防”是指通过给予本发明所述的药物组合物或保健功能性食品组合物来抑制或延迟肌肉疾病或其至少一种症状的发生的任何动作。此外,它还包括对病情缓解的受试者进行治疗,以预防或抑制复发。
如本文所使用的,“治疗”是指通过给予本发明所述的药物组合物来改善或有益地改变症状的任何动作,例如缓解、减轻或消除肌肉疾病或其至少一种症状。
如本文所使用的,“药物组合物”是指为特定目的而给予的组合物。在本发明中是指被给予以预防或治疗肌肉疾病或其至少一种症状。
本发明所述的药物组合物可根据医药领域中的常规方法制备。根据配方,药物组合物可与适当的药学上可接受的载体组合,且如有必要,可通过进一步包含赋形剂、稀释剂、分散剂、乳化剂、缓冲剂、稳定剂、黏合剂、崩解剂、溶剂等来制备。适当的载体不会抑制本发明所述的甘草提取物或其部位、从中分离的化合物或其盐的活性和性质,并且可根据剂型和配方来选择。
本发明所述的药物组合物可应用于任何制剂形式,且更具体地,可进行配制并用于根据常规方法的外部制剂、栓剂和无菌注射溶液的口服制剂或肠胃外制剂。
用于口服给予的固体制剂包括片剂、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂等,并且可以通过混合至少一种赋形剂来制备,例如淀粉、碳酸钙、蔗糖、乳糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、纤维素、明胶等,除了简单的赋形剂之外,还可以包括润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁和滑石粉。此外,除了上述物质之外,胶囊制剂还可以包括液体载体,例如脂肪油。
用于口服给予的液体制剂包括混悬剂、液体溶液、乳剂、糖浆剂等,并且除了作为常用的普通稀释剂的水和液体石蜡之外,还可以包含各种赋形剂,例如润湿剂、甜味剂、芳香剂、防腐剂等。
用于肠胃外给予的制剂包括无菌水溶液、非水溶剂、悬浮剂、乳化剂、冻干剂和栓剂。作为非水溶剂和悬浮剂,可以使用丙二醇、聚乙二醇、诸如橄榄油的植物油、诸如油酸乙酯的可注射酯等。作为栓剂的基质,可以使用witepsol、大分子物(macrosol)、吐温61、可可脂、月桂精、甘油明胶等。它不限于此,并且可以使用本领域已知的任何合适的试剂。
此外,本发明所述的药物组合物可进一步添加钙或维生素以提高治疗功效。
在本发明中,可以以药学上有效的量给予药物组合物。
如本文所用,“药学上有效的量”是指足以以适用于医疗的合理益处/风险比率来治疗疾病的量和不引起副作用的量。
可根据使用目的、患者年龄、性别、体重和健康状况、疾病类型、严重程度、药物活性、对药物的敏感性、给予方法、给予时间、给予途径和排泄率、治疗持续时间、包括联合用药或同时用药在内的因素以及医学领域众所周知的其它因素,有差异地确定药物组合物的有效剂量水平。例如,尽管其不是恒定的,但通常可以以0.001mg/kg至100mg/kg并且优选0.01mg/kg至10mg/kg每天给予一次到几次。上述剂量并不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
可以向可发生肌肉疾病的任何动物给予本发明所述的药物组合物,并且该动物可包括例如人类和灵长类以及诸如牛、猪、马和狗的牲畜。
只要其能够到达靶组织,本发明所述的药物组合物可以根据制剂的形式通过适当的给予途径进行给予,并且可以通过诸如口服或肠胃外的各种途径进行给予。给予方法不受特别限制,并且所述药物组合物可以通过常规方法进行给予,例如口服、直肠或静脉注射、肌肉注射、皮肤施用、呼吸道吸入、宫内隔或脑室内注射。
本发明所述的药物组合物可单独用于预防或治疗肌肉疾病,或可与手术或其它药物治疗组合使用。
本发明提供了用于预防或改善肌肉疾病的保健功能性食品组合物,所述保健功能性食品组合物包含甘草提取物或其部位作为活性成分。
优选地,甘草提取物可以是甘草热水提取物,并且甘草提取物的部位可以是甘草热水提取物的乙酸乙酯部位。
甘草提取物或其部位诱导成肌细胞增殖,促进成肌细胞向肌管分化。此外,甘草提取物或其部位抑制肌肉蛋白水解和肌肉萎缩,使受损的肌肉再生,因此可作为用于预防或改善肌肉疾病的保健功能性食品组合物。
在上述部分中可以替换相应的特征。
本发明提供了用于预防或改善肌肉疾病的保健功能性食品组合物,所述保健功能性食品组合物包含由化学式1至化学式3中的任一个表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分,
[化学式1]
[化学式2]
[化学式3]
优选地,该化合物或其盐通过用二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯依次分配甘草甲醇提取物来获得,并且可以包括甘草素、四羟基甲氧基查尔酮或甘草查尔酮B。
该化合物或其盐可诱导成肌细胞增殖,促进成肌细胞向肌管分化。此外,该化合物或其盐抑制肌肉蛋白水解和肌肉萎缩,使受损的肌肉再生,因此可作为用于预防或改善肌肉疾病的保健功能性食品组合物。
在上述部分中可以替换相应的特征。
如本文所使用的,“改善”是指通过摄入本发明所述的保健功能性食品组合物来改善或有益地改变症状,例如缓解、减轻或消除肌肉疾病或其至少一种症状的任何动作。
如本文所用,“保健功能性食品”包括根据第6727号《保健功能性食品法》(HealthFunctional Food Act No.6727)使用具有对人体有用功能的原料或成分制造和加工的食品。该术语是指具有高医药和医疗效果的食品,所述食品经加工使得除了营养供给之外,对于本发明的目的还有效地表现出诸如预防肌肉疾病、生物防御、免疫和康复的生物防治功能。
为了预防或改善肌肉疾病的目的,本发明所述的保健功能性食品可以制备成散剂、颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、糖浆剂或饮品(beverage)。所述保健功能性食品的可服用形式不受到限制,可以与药物组合物以相同的方式配制,并用作功能性食品或添加到各种食品中。
保健功能性食品可以包括常规意义上的所有食品。例如,保健功能性食品可以包括饮品和各种饮料(drink)、水果及其加工食品(水果罐头、果酱等)、鱼、肉及其加工食品(火腿、培根等)、面包和面条、饼干和零食、乳制品(黄油、奶酪等)等,并且可以包括通常意义上的所有功能性食品。此外,用作动物饲料的食物也可包括在内。
本发明所述的保健功能性食品组合物可通过进一步包含在本领域中通常使用的营养学上可接受的食品添加剂和其它适当的辅助成分来制备。除非另有规定,通过由食品和药品安全部(Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)批准的韩国食品添加剂法典的总则和通用测试方法(General Regulations and General Test Methods of Korean FoodAdditives Codex)的可适用项目的标准,来确定作为食品添加剂的合规性。上述“韩国食品添加剂法典”中公布的项目的实例包括:化学合成物,例如酮类、甘氨酸、柠檬酸钾、烟酸和肉桂酸等;天然添加剂,例如柿子色素、结晶纤维素、高粱色素和瓜尔胶等;混合制剂,例如L-谷氨酸钠制剂、面条用碱性剂、防腐剂制剂和焦油色素制剂等。
可进一步包括其它辅助成分,例如调味剂、天然碳水化合物、甜味剂、维生素、电解质、着色剂、果胶酸、褐藻酸、有机酸、保护胶体增稠剂、pH调节剂、稳定剂、防腐剂、甘油、醇、碳化剂等。特别地,作为天然碳水化合物,可以使用单糖,例如葡萄糖和果糖;二糖,例如麦芽糖和蔗糖;以及多糖,例如糊精和环糊精;糖醇,例如木糖醇、山梨醇和赤藓糖醇。作为甜味剂,可以使用天然甜味剂,例如索马甜(taumatin)和甜菊糖提取物,或者合成甜味剂,例如糖精和阿斯巴甜。
本发明所述的保健功能性食品中所含的甘草提取物或其部位、从中分离的化合物或其盐的有效剂量可根据使用目的(例如预防或改善肌肉疾病)进行适当调整。
所述保健功能性食品组合物的优点是,可通过使用食品为原料,长期服用普通药物时不会产生副作用,且具有优异的可携带性,可作为用于预防或改善肌肉疾病的辅助剂摄入。
本发明提供了诱导成肌细胞增殖的试剂组合物,所述试剂组合物包含甘草提取物或其部位作为活性成分。
本发明提供了促进成肌细胞分化为肌管的试剂组合物,所述试剂组合物包含甘草提取物或其部位作为活性成分。
本发明提供了诱导成肌细胞增殖的试剂组合物,所述试剂组合物包含由以下化学式1至化学式3中的任一个表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分,
[化学式1]
[化学式2]
[化学式3]
本发明提供了促进成肌细胞分化为肌管的试剂组合物,所述试剂组合物包含所述化合物或其盐作为活性成分。
此外,本发明提供了使成肌细胞增殖的方法,所述方法包括向除人类以外的动物给予甘草提取物或其部位。
本发明提供了促进成肌细胞分化为肌细胞的方法,所述方法包括向除人类以外的动物给予甘草提取物或其部位。
本发明提供了使成肌细胞增殖的方法,所述方法包括向除人类以外的动物给予由以下化学式1至化学式3中的任一个表示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
[化学式1]
[化学式2]
[化学式3]
本发明提供了促进成肌细胞分化为肌管的方法,所述方法包括向除人类以外的动物给予所述化合物或其盐。
在上述部分中可以替换相应的特征。
实施例
在下文中,通过实施例更详细地描述了本发明。这些实施例仅旨在更详细地说明本发明,并且对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,根据本发明的要旨,本发明的范围不受这些实施例的限制。提供本发明的实施例以向本领域的普通技术人员更全面地解释本发明。
<实施例1>甘草提取物和部位的制备
1.原料准备
甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer)的干燥根是作为一种干药草从Gwangmyeong Herb Store购买的。所有植物的试样都存放在韩国东方医学研究院(KoreanInstitute of Oriental Medicine)KM应用中心的草药库(Herbal Medicine Bank)中。
2.甘草热水提取物的制备
为了制备甘草热水提取物,将干燥的甘草片(50.0g)添加到1,000mL蒸馏水中,并通过在115℃下加热3小时来进行提取。提取后,将其用标准试验筛(150μm)过滤并冷冻干燥。将冷冻干燥的提取物粉末溶解在三级蒸馏水中,并在4℃下放置24小时。24小时后,将其以5000g离心5分钟,将上清液转移到新管中并在-20℃下储存。
3.甘草热水提取物部位的制备
图1示出了本发明实施例所述的甘草提取物或其部位的制备方法的示意图。
如图1所示,将实施例1步骤2中制备的甘草热水提取物(10.0g)悬浮于蒸馏水中后,将其分配到二氯甲烷(DCM,CH2Cl2)、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc或EA)和正丁醇(BuOH)中。随后,在45℃下将各溶液减压蒸发以分别获得二氯甲烷(99.6mg)、乙酸乙酯(333.0mg)和正丁醇(1037.0mg)部位。
4.最终物料的提取和分离
4-1.提取和分离方法
以四甲基硅烷(TMS)为内标,用BRUKER AVANCE III HD 600在600MHz下记录了1H和13C NMR谱。使用装配有SNAP KP-SIL和SNAP Ultra C18盒的Isolera One(Biotage,Uppsala,瑞典)进行中压液相色谱(MPLC)。使用硅胶(Kieselgel 60、70-230和230-400目,Merck,Darmstadt,德国)、YMC C18树脂和薄层色谱(TLC)进行柱色谱,并用硅胶60F254和RP-18F254S板(0.25mm,Merck,Darmstadt,德国)洗涤,用UV光(254nm和365nm)可视化并用10%硫酸(H2SO4)染色。
4-2.最终物料提取和验证
按照与图1相同的顺序,首先,用100%甲醇(MeOH)回流提取甘草(Glycyrrhizauralensis,4.2kg)的干燥根三次(每次15L)。在使甲醇提取物(957.0g)悬浮于蒸馏水中后,用二氯甲烷(DCM)对其进行分配。在从其水部位去除二氯甲烷溶液后,用乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)对其进行分配,然后在45℃下减压蒸发乙酸乙酯溶液以获得乙酸乙酯部位(137.0g)。
用正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇(正己烷-EtOAc-MeOH,5.5∶1∶0.1,3∶1∶0.1,v/v)、氯仿-丙酮-甲醇(CHCl3-丙酮-MeOH,3∶1∶0.1,v/v)和氯仿-甲醇-水(CHCl3-MeOH-H2O,5∶1∶0.1,3∶1∶0.1,v/v)进行乙酸乙酯部位的硅胶柱色谱,以获得五个部位(Fr.E1-E5)和半结晶固体(Fr.EC)。
通过使用SNAP Ultra C18盒的MPLC,通过梯度的甲醇-水(MeOH-水,34-75%MeOH,v/v)来分离部位E2(4.9g),以得到16个含有化合物1(23.9mg)的部位(Fr.E2A-E2P)。
-化合物1(4-羟基苯甲酸):白色粉末,C7H6O3;1H NMR(600MHz,MeOD-d4)δ 7.67(2H,d,J=7.2Hz,H-2,6),6.61(2H,d,J=7.2Hz,H-3,5).13C NMR(600MHz,MeOD-d4)δ170.1(C=O),163.3(C-4),132.9(C-2,6),122.7(C-1),116.0(C-3,5).
采用硅胶柱层析,以正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇(正己烷-EtOAc-MeOH,3∶1∶0.1,v/v)为溶剂分离部位E2C(243.5mg),以得到化合物2(108.5mg)。
-化合物2(甘草素):无色针状晶体,C15H12O4;1H NMR(600MHz,MeOD-d4)δ 7.68(1H,d,J=8.5Hz,H-5),7.28(2H,d,J=7.6Hz,H-2′,6′),6.77(2H,d,J=7.8Hz,H-3′,5′),6.45(1H,d,J=6.5Hz,H-6),6.31(1H,s,H-8),5.32(1H,d,J=12.6Hz,H-2),3.00(1H,t,J=15.0Hz,H-3a),2.64(1H,d,J=16.8Hz,H-3b).13C NMR(600MHz,MeOD-d4)δ192.1(C=O),165.3(C-7),164.1(C-9),157.5(C-4′),129.9(C-1′),128.4(C-5),127.6(C-2′,6′),114.9(C-3′,5′),113.5(C-10),110.3(C-6),102.4(C-8),79.6(C-2),43.5(C-3).
通过使用SNAP KP-SIL盒的MPLC,用梯度的己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇(己烷-EtOAc-MeOH,17-25%EtOAc-MeOH,1∶0.1,v/v)来分离部位E2D(420.3mg),以得到化合物3(51.7mg)和化合物4(15.4mg)。
-化合物3((R)-(-)-维斯体素,(R)-(-)-Vestiiol):无色晶体,C16H16O4;1H NMR(600MHz,丙酮-d6)δ 7.05(1H,d,J=7.7Hz,H-6′),6.89(1H,d,J=7.1Hz,H-5),6.50(1H,s,H-3′),6.42(1H,d,J=6.1Hz,H-5′),6.36(1H,d,J=5.7Hz,H-6),6.28(1H,s,H-8),4.23(1H,d,J=6.7Hz,H-2),3.98(1H,t,J=9.5Hz,H-2),3.72(3H,s,-OCH3),3.47(1H,m,H-3),2.99(1H,m,H-4),2.82(1H,d,J=14.8Hz,H-4).13C NMR(600MHz,丙酮-d6)δ 160.3(C-4′),157.4(C-7),156.6(C-2′),156.1(C-9),131.0(C-5),128.7(C-6′),120.9(C-1′),114.3(C-10),108.7(C-6),105.6(C-5′),103.6(C-8),102.4(C-3′),70.4(C-2),55.3(-OCH3),32.6(C-3),31.0(C-4).
-化合物4(异甘草素):黄色晶体,,C15H12O4;1H NMR(600MHz,MeOD-d4)δ 7.90(1H,d,J=8.2Hz,H-6′),7.73(1H,d,J=15.2Hz,H-β),7.56(3H,s,H-2,6,α),6.79(2H,d,J=8.3Hz,H-3,5),6.36(1H,dd,J=8.6,1.6Hz,H-5′),6.24(1H,s,H-3′).13C NMR(600MHz,MeOD-d4)δ 193.5(C=O),167.5(C-4′),166.3(C-2′),161.5(C-4),145.6(C-β),133.3(C-6′),131.8(C-2,6),127.8(C-1),118.2(C-α),116.9(C-3,5),114.7(C-1′),109.1(C-5′),103.8(C-3′).
通过使用SNAP KP-SIL盒的MPLC,以梯度的己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇(己烷-EtOAc-MeOH,11-22%EtOAc-MeOH,1∶0.1,v/v)来分离部位E2F(95.1mg),以得到化合物5(11.2mg)。
-化合物5(美迪紫檀素,medicarpin):白色无定形粉末,C16H14O4;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.39(1H,d,J=7.5Hz,H-1),7.13(1H,d,J=7.1Hz,H-7),6.55(1H,d,J=6.0Hz,H-2),6.45(2H,s,H-8,-10),6.42(1H,s,H-4),5.50(1H,d,J=5.8Hz,H-11a),4.24(1H,d,J=5.4Hz,H-6eq),3.77(3H,s,-OCH3),3.62(1H,br t,J=10.4Hz,H-6ax),3.54(1H,d,J=4.3Hz,H-6a).13C NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ 161.2(C-9),160.7(C-10a),157.1(C-3),156.8(C-4a),132.3(C-1),124.9(C-7),119.2(C-6b),112.8(C-11b),109.9(C-2),106.5(C-8),103.8(C-4),97.0(C-10),78.6(C-11a),66.6(C-6),55.6(-OCH3),39.6(C-6a).
通过使用SNAP Ultra C18盒的MPLC,用梯度的甲醇-水(MeOH-水,33-80%MeOH,v/v)来分离部位E3(41.6g),以得到15个部位(Fr.E3A-E3O)。通过使用SNAP KP-SIL盒的MPLC,用梯度的己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇(己烷-EtOAc-MeOH,28-36%EtOAc-MeOH,1∶0.1,v/v)来分离部位E3E(140.0mg),以得到化合物6(35.2mg)。
-化合物6(四羟基甲氧基查尔酮):黄色针状物,C16H14O6;1H NMR(600MHz,MeOD-d4)δ 7.89(1H,d,J=15.6Hz,H-β),7.55(1H,d,J=15.6Hz,H-α),7.48(1H,d,J=6.7Hz,H-2′),7.45(1H,s,H-6′),7.14(1H,d,J=7.9Hz,H-6),6.82(1H,d,J=7.5Hz,H-5′),6.59(1H,d,J=7.9Hz,H-5),3.78(3H,s,-OCH3).13C NMR(600MHz,MeOD-d4)δ191.4(C=O),152.1(C-4′),150.7(C-4),149.9(C-2),146.5(C-3′),140.9(C-3),139.6(C-β),131.8(C-1′),123.4(C-6′),121.4(C-1),120.5(C-α),120.3(C-6),116.3(C-2′),115.9(C-5′),112.7(C-5),61.7(-OCH3).
通过使用SNAP KP-SIL盒的MPLC,用梯度的己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇(己烷-EtOAc-MeOH,20-34%EtOAc-MeOH,1∶0.1,v/v)来分离部位E3F(410.0mg),以得到5个部位(Fr.E3FA-E3FE)。通过TLC(硅胶60F254,正己烷-EtOAc-MeOH,1∶1∶0.2,v/v)分离部位E3FB(17.5mg),以得到化合物7(5.6mg)。
-化合物7(甘草查尔酮B):黄色针状物,C16H14O5;1H NMR(600MHz,MeOD-d4)δ 7.97-7.91(3H,m,H-2′,6′,β),7.61(1H,d,J=15.7Hz,H-α),7.19(1H,d,J=7.9Hz,H-6),6.85(2H,d,J=6.9Hz,H-3′,5′),6.61(1H,d,J=7.5Hz,H-5),3.81(3H,s,-OCH3).13C NMR(600MHz,MeOD-d4)δ 191.3(C=O),163.9(C-4′),151.0(C-4),149.9(C-2),141.0(C-β),139.7(C-3),132.2(C-2′,6′),131.1(C-1′),121.3(C-1),120.4(C-α),120.3(C-6),116.4(C-3′,5′),112.7(C-5),61.7(-OCH3).
通过使用SNAP Ultra C18盒的MPLC,用梯度的甲醇-水(MeOH-水,20-44%MeOH,v/v)来分离部位E5(20.4g),以获得9个部位(Fr.E5A-E5I)。将部位E5B-D合并,通过使用SNAPKP-SIL盒的MPLC,用梯度的氯仿-甲醇-水(CHCl3-MeOH-H2O,12-20%MeOH-H2O,1∶0.1,v/v),以得到5个部位(Fr.E5BA-E5BE)。以半结晶固体形式获得部位E5BA,并在甲醇中重新分配以得到化合物8(969.0mg)。
-化合物8(甘草苷):白色粉末,C21H22O9;1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 7.65(1H,d,J=7.6Hz,H-5),7.44(2H,s,H-2′,6′),7.06(2H,s,H-3′,5′),6.51(1H,s,H-6),6.35(1H,s,H-8),4.88(1H,s,H-1′),3.68(1H,s,H-6′),3.10-3.50(6H,m,H-2′,3′,4′,5′,6′,3),2.67(1H,d,J=15.2Hz,H-3).13C NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 190.4(C=O),165.1(C-7),163.5(C-9),157.9(C-4′),132.8(C-1′),128.8(C-5),128.4(C-2′,6′),116.6(C-3′,5′),114.0(C-10),111.0(C-6),103.0(C-8),100.7(C-1′),79.1(C-2),77.5(C-5′),77.0(C-3′),73.6(C-2′),70.1(C-4′),61.1(C-6′),43.6(C-3).
将部位E5BB-C合并,使用硅胶柱层析,用氯仿-甲醇-水(CHCl3-MeOH-H2O,7∶1∶0.05,6∶1∶0.05和MeOH,v/v)溶剂分离,以得到6个部位(Fr.E5BBA-E5BBF)。通过使用SNAPKP-SIL盒的MPLC,在梯度的乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(EtOAc-MeOH-H2O,4-10%MeOH-H2O,1∶0.1,v/v)下分离部位E5BBD(220.0mg),以得到化合物9(113.5mg)。
-化合物9(芹糖甘草苷,Liquiritin apioside):黄色粉末,C26H30O13;1H NMR(600MHz,MeOD-d4)δ 7.71(1H,d,J=8.3Hz,H-5),7.41(2H,d,J=6.9Hz,H-2′,6′),7.09(2H,s,H-3′,5′),6.48(1H,d,J=6.4Hz,H-6),6.34(1H,s,H-8),5.44(1H,br s,H-1′),5.40(1H,s,H-2),4.98(1H,d,J=7.0Hz,H-1′),3.01(1H,t,J=14.5Hz,H-3),2.70(1H,t,J=16.8Hz,H-3).13C NMR(600MHz,MeOD-d4)δ 193.2(C=O),166.8(C-7),165.4(C-9),159.1(C-4′),134.3(C-1′),129.8(C-5),128.8(C-2′,6′),117.5(C-3′,5′),115.0(C-10),111.8(C-6),110.7(C-1′),103.8(C-8),100.7(C-1′),80.7(C-3′),80.7(C-2),78.6(C-2′),78.5(C-3′),78.0(C-2′),78.0(C-5′),75.4(C-4′),71.3(C-4′),66.0(C-5′),62.4(C-6′),44.9(C-3).
通过使用SNAP KP-SIL盒的MPLC,用梯度的氯仿-甲醇-水(CHCl3-MeOH-H2O,12-16%MeOH-H2O,1∶0.1,100%丙酮,v/v)来分离部位EC(3.0g),以得到1个部位,并重新分散在甲醇中,以得到化合物10(22.2mg)。
-化合物10(芒柄花苷,Ononin):白色粉末,C22H22O9;1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.43(1H,s,H-2),8.05(1H,d,J=8.5Hz,H-5),7.53(2H,d,J=7.5Hz,H-2′,6′),7.24(1H,s,H-8),7.15(1H,d,J=8.1Hz,H-6),6.99(2H,d,J=7.6Hz,H-3′,5′),5.12(1H,d,J=7.8Hz,H-1′),3.78(3H,s,-OCH3),3.73(1H,m,C-6′),3.19-3.48(5H,m,H-2′,3′,4′,5′,6′).13CNMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 175.1(C-4),161.9(C-7),159.4(C-4′),157.5(C-9),154.1(C-2),130.5(C-2′,6′),127.4(C-5),124.4(C-1′),123.8(C-3),118.9(C-10),116.0(C-6),114.0(C-3′,5′),103.8(C-8),100.4(C-1′),77.6(C-5′),76.9(C-3′),735.(C-2′),70.7(C-4′),61.0(C-6′),55.6(-OCH3).
<实验实施例1>甘草提取物处理或其部位处理对成肌细胞增殖、分化和肌肉再生的效果的确认
1.实验方法
1-1.甘草热水提取物、其部位或最终化合物处理的C2C12细胞培养和增殖观察
将小鼠成肌细胞系C2C12细胞在含有10%胎牛血清(FBS)和1%青霉素/链霉素(P/S)的Dulbecco改良的Eagle培养基(DMEM)中培养。
为了验证甘草热水提取物、其部位或最终物料的效果,将C2C12细胞(2×103个细胞/ml)置于12孔细胞培养皿中并粘附24小时,然后处理以热水提取物(0、50μg/ml、100μg/ml、200μg/ml)、其部位(25μg/ml)或最终化合物(0.5ng/ml),保持1天以确认细胞增殖。每2天更换一次培养基,在37℃下培养细胞。
1-2.划伤实验
当C2C12细胞达到100%汇合时,在细胞表面施加划伤,处理以热水提取物(50μg/ml)或其部位(25μg/ml)并培养1天,用显微镜观察细胞的恢复程度。
1-3.成肌细胞增殖验证(MTT试验)
为了验证细胞增殖,移除细胞培养基并用DMEM洗涤细胞,然后向每个孔中添加500μl溶于磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中的MTT试剂(0.5mg/ml),并在37℃下放置1小时。移除反应溶液并向每个孔中添加1000μl二甲基亚砜(DMSO)。将紫色甲腊晶体(Purple formazancrystal)完全溶解在DMSO中,并在540nm处测量吸光度。
1-4.甘草热水提取物、其部位和最终物料处理的分化观察
为了诱导分化,当细胞至少生长约70%时,将增殖培养基转变为分化培养基[DMEM+2%FBS+1%P/S],补充热水提取物(100μg/ml)、部位(25μg/ml)或最终物料(0.25ng/ml),然后培养2天或4天。每2天更换一次培养基,在37℃下培养细胞。
1-5.Giemsa(吉姆萨)染色与融合指数
移除细胞培养基,用PBS洗涤细胞。洗涤后,以体积比1:1的甲醇:PBS处理,然后固定2分钟。此外,添加体积比为2:1的甲醇:PBS试剂,然后进一步固定2分钟。2分钟后加入0.04%吉姆萨试剂,使其静置30分钟,30分钟后用PBS洗涤,然后显微镜下观察细胞外观,并拍摄3张细胞照片(300×)。在拍摄的照片中,计算肌管细胞中融合核的数量,计算细胞核总数,并将融合核的数量除以核总数,以计算%值。
1-6.RNA提取与cDNA合成
加入1ml TRIzolTM试剂后,用超高频超声仪粉碎细胞。将粉碎样品离心(12,000rpm,10分钟,4℃)后,将上清液转移到新管中,添加200μl氯仿并在室温下放置10分钟。然后,进行离心(12,000rpm,10分钟,4℃)以获得透明上清液。
接着,添加500μl异丙醇,使其静置10分钟并离心以获得RNA颗粒。通过添加70%乙醇(乙醇+焦碳酸二乙酯(DEPC)处理的蒸馏水)洗涤RNA,并将其完全去除和干燥。将经DEPC处理的蒸馏水添加到干燥的透明RNA中并在-80℃下储存。通过纳米滴测量RNA总量,并且在1.2%琼脂糖凝胶上鉴定18s和28s条带。用2μg的总RNA、随机六聚体引物和逆转录酶(25℃:10分钟,37℃:120分钟,85℃:5分钟)合成cDNA。
1-7.基因表达验证
进行实时PCR以证实基因表达。使用含有SYBR Green荧光材料的Power SYBRGreen PCR Master Mix分析基因表达,以观察实时基因表达(7500实时PCR系统)。根据从NCBI GenBank获得的核苷酸序列,用Primer 3软件(http://frodo.wi.mit.edu)设计PCR引物。
PCR在95℃下进行40次,持续10分钟,再在95℃下进行33秒,在基因引物温度(tm)下进行33秒,并在72℃下进行33秒。通过对通过实时PCR分析获得的C(t)值进行分析,来分析基因表达值(倍数变化2-△△Ct公式)。将未处理细胞的基因表达值设为1,计算经处理的细胞的基因表达值。在分析基因c(t)值时,使用GAPDH(甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶)基因进行归一化。
PCR引物的序列如下表1所示。
[表1]
1-8.细胞组织免疫细胞化学
将所培养的C2C12细胞的培养基移除,用PBS洗涤一次。细胞用4%甲醛固定15min,用PBS洗涤,加入0.2%胰蛋白胨(trypton)X-100(Sigma)并放置5分钟。用PBS再次洗涤,添加增强剂溶液并放置30分钟,然后添加一级抗体(MYOD,MYOG,肌球蛋白轻链2(MYL2),Atrogin 1,MuRF1,硝基酪氨酸,MSTN,1:50),并在4℃下反应14小时。去除抗体,用PBS洗涤3次持续10分钟,并与二级抗体(Alexa Fluor488山羊抗兔或小鼠SFX试剂盒)孵育1小时。孵育后移除抗体,用PBS洗涤10分钟,然后用DAPI(4′,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚)对核进行染色,使用荧光显微镜观察蛋白表达。
1-9.蛋白质印迹
将所培养的C2C12细胞的培养基移除,用PBS洗涤。在向洗涤的细胞中加入RIPA缓冲液(放射免疫沉淀(Radioimmunoprecipitation)分析缓冲液,Thermo)和蛋白酶抑制剂(Thermo)后,使细胞裂解以提取蛋白。在8-10%丙烯酰胺凝胶上对40μg所提取的蛋白进行电泳,然后转移到PVDF膜(聚偏氟乙烯膜,Milipore)上。室温下用3%脱脂乳或牛血清白蛋白(BSA)封闭1小时。此后,添加稀释于1%脱脂乳或BSA(MYOD:1:500,MYOG:1:400,MYL2:1:1000,β-肌动蛋白:1:1000,MuRF1:1:500,Atrogin 1:1:500,硝基酪氨酸:1:10000,MSTN:1:500,GAPDH:1:1000)中的一级抗体,并在4℃下反应16小时以上。16小时后,用TBST(含吐温20的Tris-缓冲盐水)洗涤三次,并在室温下与辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)缀合的二级抗体孵育1小时。用TBST洗涤3次,加入Super Signal West Pico化学发光底物进行显影。
1-10.免疫组织化学
分别使用二甲苯、乙醇梯度和0.3%甲醇/H2O2对石蜡包埋的组织切片进行脱蜡、水合并进行内源性过氧化物酶淬灭。用1%正常山羊血清封闭后,将切片在4℃下用一级抗体(1:50)孵育16小时。16小时后,将其在PBS中洗涤三次,然后在室温下用HRP缀合的二级抗体(1:100)处理1小时。然后将切片用苏木精复染,脱水,贴装,在光学显微镜下检查。加入辣根过氧化物酶缀合的链霉亲和素以检测蛋白表达,并通过显微镜观察。
1-11.甘草热水提取物饮食对肌肉再生效果的观察
为了观察基于甘草热水提取物或最终物质甘草素的处理对肌肉再生的效果,使小鼠摄入甘草热水提取物或甘草素,并向肌肉内注射/不向肌肉内注射心脏毒素(CTX),然后观察肌肉的形态和再生。C57BL/6小鼠摄入甘草热水提取物(100mg/kg)或甘草素(15mg/kg),并向腓肠肌内注射100mM心脏毒素。注射心脏毒素后,每天摄入甘草热水提取物或甘草素,在未注射或注射心脏毒素后7天,对肌肉组织进行取样。使用Image J程序,对在未注射或注射心脏毒素后7天获得的肌肉的直径(μm)进行测量。
2.实验结果
2-1.甘草热水提取物处理的成肌细胞的增殖和分化
为检查甘草热水提取物处理的成肌细胞的增殖,用0、50μg/ml、100μg/ml、200μg/ml的甘草热水提取物处理C2C12细胞1天,然后通过MTT法分析细胞增殖。
图2示出了甘草热水提取物处理的成肌细胞(C2C12)的增殖和分化的结果,其中对于成肌细胞增殖的程度,通过将未处理的细胞的值设置为100来计算甘草热水提取物处理的细胞的相对值;并且对于分化程度和基因表达,通过将未处理的细胞的值设置为1来计算甘草热水提取物处理的细胞的相对值。这同样适用于以下实验。
参考图2a,当用50μg/ml和100μg/ml甘草热水提取物处理细胞时,证实与未用提取物处理的细胞相比,细胞增殖约20%。此外,如图2b所示,在对C2C12细胞施加划伤后,当处理以50μg/ml甘草热水提取物1天时,发现经提取物处理的细胞的恢复程度高于未经提取物处理的细胞的恢复程度。
参考图2c,为了检测用甘草热水提取物处理的C2C12细胞的分化,与甘草热水提取物(100μg/ml)一起,将细胞用2%FBS分化培养基处理并培养4天,作为结果,在用提取物处理的细胞中观察到肌管形成,并且在分化细胞中基因或蛋白(例如MYOD、MYOG和MYL2)的表达增加。此外,还发现与蛋白水解和肌肉萎缩相关的Atrogin 1、MuRF1基因或蛋白的表达降低。
2-2.甘草热水提取物的肌肉再生效果
为了研究甘草热水提取物的肌肉再生效果,在使小鼠摄入甘草热水提取物后,向小鼠肌肉内注射CTX,分析受损的肌肉的再生程度。此外,甚至在完整的肌肉中,为了验证提取物的效果,在投喂甘草热水提取物后,观察了相关蛋白的表达。
图3示出了摄入甘草热水提取物的小鼠肌肉的结果。参考图3a,摄入甘草热水提取物的小鼠与未摄入的小鼠之间体重变化不大,但发现摄入提取物的小鼠的肌肉减少率小于未摄入的小鼠的肌肉减少率。
参考图3b、图3c和图3d,与单独注射CTX的小鼠相比,在注射甘草热水提取物/CTX的小鼠的肌肉中,在肌肉再生期间高表达的蛋白Pax7、MYOD、MYOG和MYL2的表达增加。与单独注射CTX的小鼠相比,注射甘草热水提取物/CTX的小鼠肌肉中,与肌肉分化抑制、蛋白水解和肌肉萎缩相关的MSTN、MuRF1、Atrogin 1和硝基酪氨酸蛋白的表达降低。然而,在肌肉未受损的小鼠的肌肉中,未能观察到甘草热水提取物摄入后蛋白表达的差异。
2-3.甘草提取物部位处理的成肌细胞的增殖
为了检查用甘草提取物部位处理的成肌细胞的增殖,用5个部位(25μg/ml)处理C2C12细胞1天,然后用MTT法分析细胞增殖。
图4示出了用甘草提取物部位处理的成肌细胞增殖的结果。与未经提取物或部位处理的细胞相比,经甘草的乙酸乙酯部位(EtOAc,12%)或正丁醇部位(BuOH,12%)处理的细胞以及经甘草热水提取物(EX,10%)处理的细胞显示出细胞增殖增加。然而,与未经处理的细胞(27%)相比,经二氯甲烷(DCM)部位处理的细胞显示细胞增殖减少。
此外,作为通过在细胞上施加划伤接着进行部位处理来孵育1天的结果,发现与未经处理的细胞相比,经乙酸乙酯部位处理的细胞在细胞划伤区域具有更高的恢复率。
2-4.甘草提取物部位处理的成肌细胞分化
为了确认用甘草提取物部位处理的C2C12细胞的分化,用2%FBS分化培养基和部位(25μg/ml)处理细胞,并培养4天。
图5示出了用甘草提取物部位处理的成肌细胞分化的结果。发现用甘草的乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)部位处理增加了肌管形成。
此外,证实了与肌肉分化相关的MYOD、MYOG和MYL2基因和蛋白的表达增加,并且与蛋白降解、肌肉萎缩和分化抑制相关的Atrogin 1、MuRF1和MSTN基因的表达降低。此外,发现MuRF1和MSTN蛋白的表达降低。
即使当处理以甘草的正丁醇(BuOH)部位时,发现肌管形成增加,并且MYOG和MYL2基因和蛋白的表达增加,Atrogin 1和MuRF1基因的表达减少。即使当处理以甘草热水提取物(EX)时,MYL2基因的表达增加,Atrogin 1和MuRF1基因的表达减少;并且,当处理以水(H2O)部位时,MYOG基因的表达略有增加,但其它相关基因的表达未显示任何变化。
2-5.细胞增殖与最终单一化合物处理
图6示出了从本发明实施例所述的乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)部位分离的单一化合物的化学结构。经过几个阶段的分级分离,从部位中分离出10个最终化合物后,进行了结构分析。
表2示出了分离的10个最终化合物及其分析结果。
[表2]
为了观察用最终化合物处理的C2C12细胞的增殖,用0.5ng/ml的最终化合物处理1天,并通过MTT法观察细胞的增殖。
图7示出了用最终单一化合物处理的成肌细胞增殖和分化的结果。参考图7a,与未经化合物处理的细胞相比,经0.5ng/ml甘草素(10%)、四羟基甲氧基查尔酮(8%)或甘草查尔酮B(11%)处理的细胞显示出细胞增殖增加。
参考图7b,发现用甘草素(13%)、四羟基甲氧基查尔酮(28%)或甘草查尔酮B(19%)处理增加了肌管形成和融合指数。参考图7c,发现与未经处理的细胞相比,经购买的甘草素(0.25ng/ml,5%)、四羟基甲氧基查尔酮(0.25ng/ml,5%)或甘草查尔酮B(1ng/ml,11%)处理的细胞的增殖增加。此外,参考图7d,发现甘草素(20%)、四羟基甲氧基查尔酮(23%)或甘草查尔酮B(20%)处理增加了肌管形成和融合指数。
2-6.甘草素处理的肌肉再生效果
为检查甘草素处理的肌肉再生效果,在小鼠摄入甘草素并然后在向小鼠肌肉内注射CTX后,通过测量再生的肌肉的直径,观察受损的肌肉的再生程度。
图8示出了小鼠摄入购买的甘草素后的肌肉的变化。在图8a中,甘草素处理的和未处理的对照的体重和腓肠肌重量相似。然而,经甘草素处理的小鼠的肌肉重量减少少于未处理的对照。
参考图8b和图8c,与未摄入的小鼠的再生肌肉的直径相比,摄入甘草素的小鼠的再生肌肉的直径更宽(未摄入的小鼠的肌肉直径:78±4μm,摄入的小鼠的肌肉直径:91±3μm)。甘草素处理后,与未处理的相比,未注射和注射CTX的再生肌肉的肌纤维尺寸均增加(未摄入的小鼠的肌肉直径:124±4μm,摄入的小鼠的肌肉直径:139±4μm)。
尽管已经参照本发明的具体实施方式对本发明进行了具体描述,但是显而易见的是,该具体描述仅仅是优选实施方式,并且本发明的范围因此不限于本领域技术人员。也就是说,本发明的实际范围由所附权利要求书及其等同物限定。
Claims (5)
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中,所述化合物或其盐是通过用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯对甘草的甲醇提取物进行分级分离而分离获得的。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中,所述化合物或其盐使成肌细胞增殖、形成肌管并促进分化为肌细胞。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中,所述化合物或其盐使受损的肌肉再生。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的用途,其中,所述化合物或其盐抑制肌肉蛋白水解或肌肉萎缩。
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