CN112714713B - 无轨电动车辆 - Google Patents
无轨电动车辆 Download PDFInfo
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- B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L5/18—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles using bow-type collectors in contact with trolley wire
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- B60L5/28—Devices for lifting and resetting the collector
- B60L5/30—Devices for lifting and resetting the collector using springs
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- B62D15/00—Steering not otherwise provided for
- B62D15/02—Steering position indicators ; Steering position determination; Steering aids
- B62D15/025—Active steering aids, e.g. helping the driver by actively influencing the steering system after environment evaluation
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种无轨电动车辆,包括用于从两极的架空线设备馈入电能的受电弓,受电弓具有铰接的支撑杆,其在滑触线侧支撑着具有滑板的滑板接触弓架并且在车辆侧与升降驱动器相耦连,以便竖立支撑杆并且将滑板接触弓架压到架空线设备的滑触线上,用于检测滑触线在滑板上的接触点的侧向位置的检测装置,和用于根据检测到的接触点的侧向位置实施自动的转向干预的驾驶员辅助系统。滑板通过至少两个弹簧元件支撑在滑板接触弓架上,并且检测装置具有用于测量弹簧元件的压缩行程的两个位移传感器和与位移传感器相连的分析单元,用于根据表示测得的压缩行程的传感器信号确定接触点的侧向位置,由此车辆对于从自架空线设备中馈入的电能具有更大的可用性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无轨电动车辆。
背景技术
这种设计成卡车或公共汽车的车辆从公开文献DE 10 2012 205 276 A1中已知。它包括用于从具有设计成去线和回线的滑触线的、沿车道布置的两极架空线设备中馈入电能的受电弓。对于每一根滑触线,受电弓都具有至少一个带有用于接触滑触线的工作区域的滑板。车辆还包括用于直接和间接检测受电弓相对于滑触线的相对位置的检测器件。此外,车辆包括用于根据检测到的相对位置使车辆自动转向的转向辅助系统。
已知车辆的检测器件具有用于确定在车道上的车辆的当前车辆位置的位置确定系统和具有存储了滑触线沿车道的滑触线位置的数据库。检测器件设计用于,从当前确定的车辆位置和对应的滑触线位置中计算出相对位置。在相对位置的该间接检测时,主要由于侧风影响在所存储的滑触线位置中存在误差。此外,还有一个到车辆的位置确定系统的复杂的接口。如果位置确定系统是基于光学的测量,例如通过摄像机,则在下雨时还存在与天气有关的测量问题。
车辆的检测器件还具有用于确定滑触线在滑板上的当前接触位置的接触位置传感器。在此,检测器件设计用于,由确定的接触位置计算车辆相对于滑触线的当前的相对位置。在相对位置的该直接检测时,例如使用光学传感器,例如激光扫描仪,其借助激光扫描滑触线的位置。从传感器在车辆上的布置中可以分别推导出滑触线相对于车辆的相对位置。但激光扫描仪比较昂贵并且需要高功率的计算机和辅助软件才能分析测量结果。在雾、雪和大雨中也会出现与天气有关的干扰。
如果没有关于滑触线和滑板之间的接触点的当前侧向位置的信息,则出于安全原因必须降低受电弓并因此不能将其用于能量馈入。
发明内容
因此,本发明的技术问题是,提供一种根据本发明类型的车辆,该车辆对于从架空线设备中馈入的电能具有增加的可用性。
所述技术问题根据本发明通过一种无轨电动车辆解决。因此,无轨电动车辆包括用于从两极的架空线设备馈入电能的受电弓。所述受电弓具有铰接的支撑杆,所述支撑杆在滑触线侧支撑着具有滑板的滑板接触弓架并且在车辆侧与升降驱动器相耦连,以便竖立支撑杆并且将滑板接触弓架压到架空线设备的滑触线上。无轨电动车辆还包括用于检测滑触线在滑板上的接触点的侧向位置的检测装置。无轨电动车辆还包括用于根据检测到的接触点的侧向位置实施自动的转向干预的驾驶员辅助系统。
受电弓可以具有两个沿车辆纵向并排布置的滑板接触弓架,该滑板接触弓架分别接触两极的架空线设备的两个滑触线之一。每个滑板接触弓架可以沿车辆纵向具有两个前后依次布置的彼此平行延伸的细长形的滑板。下文针对滑板和滑触线所描述的内容,可以应用于多个滑板或多个滑板中的每一个。
根据本发明,所述滑板通过至少两个弹簧元件支撑在所述滑板接触弓架上,其中,所述检测装置具有用于测量弹簧元件的压缩行程的两个位移传感器和与位移传感器相连的分析单元,所述分析单元用于根据表示测得的压缩行程的传感器信号确定接触点的侧向位置。弹簧元件例如设计成板簧,所述弹簧元件具有已知的弹簧常数,因此可以从压缩行程中推导出作用到弹簧元件上的力。根据滑触线在两个弹簧元件之间接触滑板的距离比,在弹簧元件上获得明确的力值比,这又相当于压缩行程的明确的比率或表示该压缩行程的传感器信号。适用的是,弹簧元件的压缩行程与由接触点和另一个弹簧元件之间的距离和两个弹簧元件之间的距离构成的商成正比。这种明确的表示接触点的侧向位置的信号可以通过车辆的数据总线从分析单元传递到驾驶员辅助系统上。通过侧向位置的连续检测可以提早识别滑触线面临的从滑板上的滑落,由此可以提早地并因此通过驾驶员辅助系统进行平缓地反向转向。由此,可以避免突然的反向转向引起的跳动或剧烈运动。由于驾驶员辅助系统的自动触点固定,提高了从架空线设备中馈入的能量的可用性。
在根据本发明的车辆的一种有利的实施方式中,所述位移传感器设计用于无接触地测量所述弹簧元件的压缩行程。通过使用无接触的位移传感器,例如电容式或电感式测量的传感器、尤其是所谓的OCD(过电流检测)传感器,可以避免测量值受到测量系统的影响并且可以在滑板和余下的受电弓之间实现电绝缘。
在根据本发明的车辆的另一种有利的实施方式中,所述分析单元设计用于,根据表示压缩行程的两个传感器信号的商和该商的倒数之间的差确定所述接触点的侧向位置。因为尤其是无接触的传感器在测得的压缩行程与输出的传感器信号之间具有非线性的关系,所以此处建议了一种用于处理传感器信号的方法,该方法提供表示接触点的侧向位置的结果并且在此具有更低的非线性度,尤其是相比传统的差分法。
在根据本发明的车辆的另一种有利的实施方式中,所述驾驶员辅助系统设置用于实施自动的转向干预,使得所述滑触线在滑板上的接触点保持在所述滑板的预设的工作区域以内。因此,当滑触线的接触点到滑板中心的距离达到预先设置的距离时,驾驶员辅助系统可以反向转向地实施转向干预,其中,该距离小于滑板的工作区域的一半,因此仍然存在针对超出该距离的余隙,该余隙被转向干预的延迟效果需要。这有效地意味着,驾驶员辅助系统使车辆在电气化车道的行驶通道以内转向,以使滑触线的接触点不会离开滑板的工作区域。因此,滑触线的接触点尽可能保持在滑板的中央。
在根据本发明的车辆的另一种有利的实施方式中,所述驾驶员辅助系统设置用于实施自动的转向干预,从而均匀地利用所述滑板的工作区域。以此,在滑板的整个工作区域上实现了均匀的磨损并因此提高了使用寿命,直到需要更换滑板为止。此外,由于在电气化车道中使用宽阔的行驶通道,因此通过转向运动避免了在车道中形成强烈的车辙。
在根据本发明的车辆的另一种有利的实施方式中,所述分析单元设计用于,根据表示压缩行程的两个传感器信号的总和确定所述滑板与滑触线之间的接触力。检测装置可以附加地被使用来检测当前的接触力,由此避免了为此单独的测量设备。从作用在弹簧元件上的弹簧力的总和中获得由滑板在滑触线上当前施加的接触力。
在根据本发明的车辆的另一种有利的实施方式中,所述受电弓具有控制单元,用于激活和关闭所述升降驱动器的所施加的压力。在此,所述控制单元与分析单元相连并且设置用于根据检测到的接触力控制所述升降驱动器,以便调节所述滑板与滑触线之间的接触力。通过这种调节,可以在不同的滑触线高度和发生车辆振动时保持接触力,该接触力在滑板的磨损方面尽可能小,但对于可靠的能量传输来说足够大。
在根据本发明的车辆的另一种有利的实施方式中,所述控制单元设置为,如果在所述滑板接触弓架的可预设的竖立高度以上未测得弹簧元件的压缩行程,则关闭所述升降驱动器。如果控制单元确定,在预期的滑触线高度以上滑板没有受压,则触发受电弓的下降,因为在该车辆位置上显然不存在或不再存在滑触线。
在根据本发明的车辆的另一种有利的实施方式中,所述控制单元设置为,如果所测得的所述接触点的侧向位置达到或超过所述滑板的工作区域的在边缘的极限位置,则关闭所述升降驱动器。如果车辆例如在规避机动或超车机动时必须离开电气化车道并且在此滑触线侧向地从滑板的工作区域滑出,则同样出于安全原因降低受电弓。
附图说明
根据本发明的车辆的其他特性和优点从下列的进一步描述的附图中得出,在附图中:
图1示出根据本发明的具有受电弓的车辆侧视示意图,和
图2示出根据图1的受电弓的滑板接触弓架的局部截面正视示意图。
具体实施方式
按照图1,无轨电动车辆1可以设计成鞍式牵引车,该无轨电动车辆1包括用于从两极架空线设备馈入电能的受电弓2。架空线设备包括两根设计的去线和回线的滑触线3,这两根滑触线3平行地在电气化车道4上张紧。受电弓2具有铰接的支撑杆5,该支撑杆在车辆侧支撑两个参照车辆纵向轴线6并排布置的滑板接触弓架7。每个滑板接触弓架7具有两个细长形的参照车辆纵向轴线6前后依次布置的滑板8,该滑板8设计用于形成与滑触线的电气滑动接触。在车辆侧,支撑杆5与升降驱动器9耦连以竖立支撑杆5并且将滑板接触弓架7压紧到架空线设备的滑触线3上。受电弓2具有用于激活和关闭施加压力的升降驱动器9的控制单元10,由此使支撑杆5竖立并且折叠,并且由此滑板接触弓架7可以在下部静止位置和上部接触位置之间升高和降低。车辆1还包括用于执行自动的转向干预的驾驶员辅助系统11,该驾驶员辅助系统11可以设计成车道保持辅助系统,其具有针对车道标记的相应的识别传感器。
为了检测滑触线3在滑板8上的接触点13的侧向位置12,例如从滑板中心20开始测量的侧向位置,车辆1在进一步参考图2的情况下包括检测装置14。为此,滑板8分别通过两个例如设计成板簧的弹簧元件15支撑在滑板接触弓架7上。检测装置14具有两个无接触工作的位移传感器16,以便测量弹簧元件15的压缩行程15L和15R。压缩行程15L和15R在图2中可见,因为滑板8′也被示出位于中立位置,在该中立位置中滑板不与滑触线3接触。压缩行程15L和15R由弹簧元件15的弹簧常数、接触点13的侧向位置12和在接触点13上作用的、在滑触线3和滑板8之间的接触力17给出。检测装置14也具有分析单元18,该分析单元通过无线连接或有线连接与位移传感器16相连并且由传感器信号确定接触点13的侧向位置12,该传感器信号代表测得的压缩行程15L和15R。驾驶员辅助系统11根据检测到的接触点13的侧向位置12执行自动的转向干预,以提供受电弓2与架空线设备之间持续的接触。
为了将由于电容式或电感式的位移传感器16的传感器信号中的非线性而产生的负面影响保持在较低水平,分析单元18设计为由代表压缩行程15L和15R的两个传感器信号的商与该商的倒数之间的差确定接触点13的侧向位置12。
驾驶员辅助系统11设置用于执行自动转向干预,使得滑触线3在滑板8上的接触点13保持在滑板8的预设的工作区域19以内,优选设置为使得均匀利用接触条8的工作区域19。由此,滑板8上的磨损分布在它们的整个工作区域19上,从而它们的磨损不那么快并且必须更换。另外,如果驾驶员辅助系统11没有将车辆1永久地保持在车道中央,而是在电气化车道4内充分利用了一定的行驶通道,则减少了在车道4中形成车道沟槽。
分析单元18还设计用于由代表压缩行程15L和15R的两个传感器信号的总和确定滑板8和滑触线3之间的接触力17。这由具有已知弹簧常数的弹簧元件15上的、引起压缩行程15L和15R的局部接触力的总和得出。控制单元10与分析单元18相连并且设置为使得根据所确定的接触力17控制升降驱动器9,以调节滑板8和滑触线3之间的接触力17。以这种方式,不需要另外的测量装置来确定接触力17,并且可以将其调节在期望的力范围内。
控制单元10还设置为,使得如果在滑板接触弓架7的可预设的竖立高度以上没有测量到弹簧元件15的压缩行程15L和15R,则关闭升降驱动器9。如果在车辆1上方没有滑触线3,则受电弓2因此降低。如果测得的接触点13的侧向位置12达到或超过滑板8的工作区域19的边缘侧的极限位置19L或19R,则也可以关闭升降驱动器9。如果通过方向盘21的手动转向干预要求离开由驾驶员辅助系统11驾驶的行驶通道,例如在超车机动或规避机动时具有这种要求,则当接触点13到达极限位置19L或19R之一时,下降受电弓2,以便受电弓2会自动处于安全的工作位置。
Claims (9)
1.一种无轨电动车辆(1),包括
-用于从两极的架空线设备馈入电能的受电弓(2),所述受电弓(2)具有铰接的支撑杆(5),所述支撑杆(5)在滑触线侧支撑着具有滑板(8)的滑板接触弓架(7)并且在车辆侧与升降驱动器(9)相耦连,以便竖立支撑杆(5)并且将滑板接触弓架(7)压到架空线设备的滑触线(3)上,
-用于检测滑触线(3)在滑板(8)上的接触点(13)的侧向位置(12)的检测装置(14),和
-用于根据检测到的接触点(13)的侧向位置(12)实施自动的转向干预的驾驶员辅助系统(11),
其特征在于,
-所述滑板(8)通过至少两个弹簧元件(15)支撑在所述滑板接触弓架(7)上,并且
-所述检测装置(14)具有用于测量弹簧元件(15)的压缩行程(15L、15R)的两个位移传感器(16)和与位移传感器(16)相连的分析单元(18),所述分析单元(18)用于根据表示测得的压缩行程(15L、15R)的传感器信号确定接触点(13)的侧向位置(12)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆(1),其中,所述位移传感器(16)设计用于无接触地测量所述弹簧元件(15)的压缩行程(15L、15R)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆(1),其中,所述分析单元(18)设计用于,根据表示压缩行程(15L、15R)的两个传感器信号的商和该商的倒数之间的差确定所述接触点(13)的侧向位置(12)。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的车辆(1),其中,所述驾驶员辅助系统(11)设置用于实施自动的转向干预,使得所述滑触线(3)在滑板(8)上的接触点(13)保持在所述滑板(8)的预设的工作区域(19)以内。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车辆(1),其中,所述驾驶员辅助系统(11)设置用于实施自动的转向干预,从而均匀地利用所述滑板(8)的工作区域(19)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆(1),其中,所述分析单元(18)设计用于,根据表示压缩行程(15L、15R)的两个传感器信号的总和确定所述滑板(8)与滑触线(3)之间的接触力(17)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的车辆(1),其中,所述受电弓(2)具有控制单元(10),用于激活和关闭所述升降驱动器(9)的所施加的压力,其中,所述控制单元(10)与分析单元(18)相连并且设置用于根据检测到的接触力(17)控制所述升降驱动器(9),以便调节所述滑板(8)与滑触线(3)之间的接触力(17)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的车辆(1),其中,所述控制单元(10)设置为,如果在所述滑板接触弓架(7)的可预设的竖立高度以上未测得弹簧元件(15)的压缩行程(15L、15R),则关闭所述升降驱动器(9)。
9.根据权利要求7所述的车辆(1),其中,所述控制单元(10)设置为,如果所测得的所述接触点(13)的侧向位置(12)达到或超过所述滑板(8)的工作区域(19)的在边缘的极限位置(19L、19R),则关闭所述升降驱动器(9)。
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US12054056B2 (en) | 2024-08-06 |
WO2020058190A1 (de) | 2020-03-26 |
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