CN112714268B - Image sensor, fingerprint detection device and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Image sensor, fingerprint detection device and electronic equipment Download PDF

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CN112714268B
CN112714268B CN202011586585.1A CN202011586585A CN112714268B CN 112714268 B CN112714268 B CN 112714268B CN 202011586585 A CN202011586585 A CN 202011586585A CN 112714268 B CN112714268 B CN 112714268B
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output
pixel
circuit
image sensor
pixel circuit
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CN112714268A (en
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王程左
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Shenzhen Goodix Technology Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Goodix Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1318—Sensors therefor using electro-optical elements or layers, e.g. electroluminescent sensing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
    • H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
    • H04N25/75—Circuitry for providing, modifying or processing image signals from the pixel array

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
  • Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides an image sensor, a fingerprint detection device and an electronic device, wherein the image sensor comprises a pixel circuit array, each pixel circuit is used for generating an output signal according to a received optical signal; and the output circuit is used for simultaneously receiving the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits in the pixel circuit array and outputting the signal mean value of the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits. The image sensor has a small area and power consumption.

Description

Image sensor, fingerprint detection device and electronic equipment
The present application is a divisional application of the present invention entitled "image sensor, fingerprint detection device, and electronic apparatus" filed 21/8/2020 and having application number 202010851264.3.
Technical Field
The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of image sensors, and more particularly, to an image sensor, a fingerprint detection apparatus, and an electronic device.
Background
An image sensor is a device that converts an optical signal into an electrical signal. An image sensor generally includes a pixel circuit that can convert a received optical signal into an electric signal and input the electric signal to an output circuit, an output circuit that can read out the electric signal output from the pixel circuit, and the like. Since the area and power consumption of the image sensor become one of the factors influencing the development of the image sensor, how to reduce the area and power consumption of the image sensor becomes an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides an image sensor, a fingerprint detection device and an electronic device, which have smaller area and power consumption.
In a first aspect, an image sensor is provided, including: an array of pixel circuits, wherein each pixel circuit is configured to generate an output signal based on a received light signal; and the output circuit is used for simultaneously receiving the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits in the pixel circuit array and outputting the signal mean value of the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits.
In this scheme, the output circuit in the image sensor can simultaneously receive the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits in the pixel circuit array and output the signal average value of the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits, thereby realizing the combination and the average of the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits in the output circuit. For the scene needing signal combination and averaging, the number of output circuits is greatly reduced, and the area and the power consumption of the image sensor are reduced.
In one possible implementation, the image sensor further includes: and the sampling circuit is used for acquiring the signal mean value output by the output circuit.
Because each output circuit only needs one sampling circuit to acquire the average value of the output signals, the number of the sampling circuits in the image sensor is reduced, and the area and the power consumption of the image sensor are further reduced.
In one possible implementation, the pixel circuit array is composed of a plurality of sub-arrays, the plurality of pixel circuits includes the same-numbered pixel circuits in the plurality of sub-arrays, and the same-numbered pixel circuits in each sub-array are located in the same row and column in the respectively corresponding sub-array.
In order to facilitate selection of a plurality of pixel circuits in the pixel circuit structure, which need to be subjected to signal combination and averaging, the plurality of pixel circuits may be distributed in the same row and column in the pixel circuit sub-array where the plurality of pixel circuits are located, so that the plurality of pixel circuits, which need to be subjected to signal combination and averaging currently, may be gated in a row scanning and column scanning manner.
In one possible implementation, the output circuit includes an operational amplifier, the operational amplifier includes a first input terminal and a second input terminal, the first output terminals of the plurality of pixel circuits are connected to the first input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the second output terminals of the plurality of pixel circuits are connected to the second input terminal of the operational amplifier.
In one possible implementation, the operational amplifier further includes a plurality of sets of transistors connected to the output terminals thereof, wherein each set of transistors includes a first transistor and a second transistor connected in series. The number of the plurality of groups of transistors is the same as that of the plurality of pixel circuits, the transconductance of the first transistor is the same as that of a source following input tube of the pixel circuit, the transconductance of the second transistor is the same as that of a gate switching tube of the pixel circuit, and the source following input tube and the gate switching tube are connected in series between a first output end and a second output end of the pixel circuit.
In a possible implementation manner, the operational amplifier further includes a current mirror, one end of the current mirror is connected to the source follower input tube of each pixel circuit, and the other end of the current mirror is connected to the first transistor in each group of transistors.
In a possible implementation manner, the operational amplifier further includes a current source, one end of the current source is connected to the gate switch tube of each pixel circuit and to the second transistor in each group of transistors, and the other end of the current source is grounded.
In a possible implementation manner, the operational amplifier further includes a current mirror, one end of the current mirror is connected to the gate switching tube of each pixel circuit, and the other end of the current mirror is connected to the second transistor in each group of transistors.
In a possible implementation manner, the operational amplifier further includes a current source, one end of the current source is connected to the source follower input tube of each pixel circuit and to the first transistor in each group of transistors, and the other end of the current source is grounded.
In one possible implementation, the pixel circuit further includes a photodiode, a parasitic capacitor, a reset switch tube, and a transmission tube. Wherein the anode of the photodiode is grounded, the cathode of the photodiode is connected with the source of the transmission tube, the grid electrode of the transmission tube is controlled by a transmission signal, the drain electrode of the transmission tube is connected with one end of the parasitic capacitor, the grid electrode of the source following input tube and the source electrode of the reset switch tube, the grid electrode of the transmission tube is controlled by a transmission signal, the other end of the parasitic capacitor is grounded, the drain electrode of the reset switch tube is connected with a reset voltage, the grid electrode of the reset switch tube is controlled by a reset signal, the grid electrode of the gating switch tube is controlled by a gating signal, and one end of the drain electrode of the source following input tube and one end of the source electrode of the gating switch tube are respectively used as a first output end and a second output end of the pixel circuit.
In a possible implementation manner, the sampling circuit includes a first sampling capacitor and a second sampling capacitor, and the first sampling capacitor and the second sampling capacitor are configured to collect the signal mean value twice before and after the exposure of the pixel circuit, respectively, so as to implement correlated double sampling.
The interference of reset noise in the pixel circuit can be eliminated by adopting related double sampling, and the performance of the image sensor is improved.
In a possible implementation manner, the image sensor is applied to a fingerprint detection device, wherein the light signals received by the plurality of pixel circuits are light signals in the same direction returned by the finger.
In a second aspect, a fingerprint detection device is provided, including: the image sensor of the foregoing first aspect and any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
In a possible implementation manner, the fingerprint detection device further includes a light path guiding structure disposed above each subarray, where the light path guiding structure includes a microlens and a plurality of light blocking layers disposed below the microlens, a topmost light blocking layer of the plurality of light blocking layers is provided with at least one light-passing small hole, and each light blocking layer of the remaining light blocking layers is provided with a plurality of light-passing small holes, so as to form light-guiding channels in multiple directions, the microlens is configured to converge light signals returned by fingers above the display screen, and the light-guiding channels in multiple directions are configured to guide the light signals in corresponding directions to corresponding pixel circuits.
In a third aspect, an electronic device is provided, including: the fingerprint detection device according to the second aspect as well as any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional image sensor.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram based on the operating principle of the image sensor of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an image sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram based on the operating principle of the image sensor of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible pixel circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible output circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a possible structure of the image sensor based on fig. 5 and 6.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an optical path for realizing multiple receiving directions according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an optical path for realizing multiple receiving directions according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The image sensor in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to any scene that needs signal combination and averaging, for example, the image sensor can be applied to a fingerprint detection device for collecting a signal returned by a finger so as to obtain a fingerprint image of the finger.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional image sensor. The image sensor shown in fig. 1 includes a pixel circuit array 110, an output circuit 120, a sampling circuit 130, a row scan controller 140, a column scan controller 150, a multiplexer 160, a Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) 170, an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) 180, and the like. The gated pixel circuits in the pixel circuit array 110 convert the respective received optical signals into electrical signals, and input to the output circuit 120, and read out by the output circuit 120. The output circuit 120 may take a variety of forms including, but not limited to, a source follower of a conventional 4T pixel circuit configuration. The Sampling circuit 130 may sample and hold the signal output by the output circuit 120, perform Correlated Double Sampling (CDS), and then sequentially output the signal to the PGA circuit 170 and the ADC circuit 180 under the control of the multiplexer switch to perform operations such as amplification and analog-to-digital conversion, respectively, so as to obtain final data.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram based on the operating principle of the image sensor shown in fig. 1. Where Row in fig. 2 denotes a Row and Col denotes a column. As in the pixel circuit array 110 shown in fig. 2, the output signals of the pixel circuit numbered 1 need to be combined and averaged, the output signals of the pixel circuit numbered 2 need to be combined and averaged, the output signals of the pixel circuit numbered 3 need to be combined and averaged, and the output signals of the pixel circuit numbered 4 need to be combined and averaged.
In fig. 2, 4 sub-arrays are shown, respectively: a sub-array composed of four pixel circuits at the upper left corner, a sub-array composed of four pixel circuits at the upper right corner, a sub-array composed of four pixel circuits at the lower left corner, and a sub-array composed of four pixel circuits at the lower right corner. It should be understood that the signal mean value corresponding to the output signals of the pixel circuits with the same number in each 4 sub-arrays may be used as the pixel data of one pixel point in an image acquired by the image sensor 300 after the subsequent processing, for example, the signal mean value corresponding to the output signals of 4 pixel circuits 1 may be used as the pixel data of the pixel circuit 1 after the subsequent processing, and the signal mean value corresponding to the output signals of 4 pixel circuits 2 may be used as the pixel data of the pixel circuit 2 after the subsequent processing.
Taking 4 pixel circuits 1 as an example, when the ith row and the (i + 2) th row are strobed, the output signal of the pixel circuit 1 in the ith row and the jth column is OUT1<j>The transfusion is carried outOUT signal OUT1<j>Is read by the corresponding output circuit 120 and obtains a signal B1<j>Signal B1<j>Will be sampled and kept by the corresponding sampling capacitance in the sampling circuit; the output signal of the pixel circuit 1 in the (i + 2) th row and the (j) th column is OUT2<j>The output signal OUT2<j>Read out through the corresponding output circuit 120 and obtain the signal B2<j>Signal B2<j>Will be sampled and kept by the corresponding sampling capacitance in the sampling circuit; the output signal of the pixel circuit 1 in the ith row and the j +2 th column is OUT1<j+2>The output signal OUT1<j+2>Read out through the corresponding output circuit 120 and obtain the signal B1<j+2>Signal B1<j+2>Will be sampled and kept by the corresponding sampling capacitance in the sampling circuit; the output signal of the pixel circuit 1 in the (i + 2) th row and the (j) th column is OUT2<j+2>The output signal OUT2<j+2>Read out through the corresponding output circuit 120 and obtain the signal B2<j+2>Signal B2<j+2>Will be sampled and held by its corresponding sampling capacitor in the sampling circuit. The 4 pixel circuits 1 in the pixel circuit array 110 pass through the corresponding output circuits 120, and finally obtain signals B1<j>、B2<j>、B1<j+2>And B2<j+2>Then, after passing through the respective corresponding sampling circuits 130, the merged and averaged data are obtained and are respectively marked as VRSTAnd VSIG. Wherein, VRSTAnd VSIGThe signals acquired twice before and after exposure are respectively, after the two signals are subjected to correlated double sampling, noise signals can be eliminated, and then the signals subjected to correlated double sampling are input to the PGA circuit 170 and the ADC circuit 180 to be amplified and subjected to analog-to-digital conversion, so that pixel data of the pixel circuit 1 is obtained.
When the ith row and the (i + 2) th row are gated, 4 pixel circuits 2 go through a similar process, and finally, V corresponding to the pixel circuit 2 can be obtainedRSTAnd VSIGAfter the two signals are subjected to correlated double sampling, the two signals are input to the PGA circuit 170 and the ADC circuit 180 to be amplified and subjected to analog-to-digital conversion, so that pixel data of the pixel circuit 2 is obtained.
Next, when the (i + 1) th row and the (i + 3) th row are strobed, the 4 pixel circuits 3 and 4 pixel circuits 4 are similarly operated, and respective pixel data are finally obtained.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the plurality of pixel circuits that need to be signal-combined and averaged are read out through the plurality of output circuits 120, sampled and held through the plurality of sampling capacitors, and finally signal-combined and averaged. Specifically, if a plurality of sub-pixels required to be signal-combined and averaged are distributed in N rows and the pixel array 110 includes Y columns, N × Y output circuits 120 and N × Y sampling circuits 130 are required. Therefore, a large number of output circuits 120 and sampling circuits 130 need to be provided in the image sensor, resulting in a high area and power consumption of the image sensor.
To this end, embodiments of the present application provide an image sensor having a small area and power consumption.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an image sensor according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, the image sensor 300 includes a pixel circuit array 310 and an output circuit 320. The output circuit 320 may also be referred to as a readout circuit 320 or a read circuit 320.
Wherein each pixel circuit in the pixel circuit array 310 is configured to generate an output signal according to a received light signal.
The output circuit 320 is configured to simultaneously receive output signals of a plurality of pixel circuits in the pixel circuit array 310 and output a signal average of the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits.
In this embodiment, the output circuit 320 in the image sensor 300 may simultaneously receive the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits in the pixel circuit array 310 and output the signal average of the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits, thereby realizing the combination and the average of the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits in the output circuit 320. For the scene needing signal combination and averaging, the number of output circuits is greatly reduced, the area and power consumption of the image sensor are reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Further, optionally, as shown in fig. 3, the image sensor 300 may further include a sampling circuit 330 for collecting a mean value of the signal output by the output circuit 320.
Because each output circuit only needs one sampling circuit to acquire the average value of the output signals, the number of the sampling circuits in the image sensor is reduced, and the area and the power consumption of the image sensor are further reduced.
Further, optionally, as shown in fig. 3, the image sensor 300 may further include a multi-way selection switch 360 for gating the signal mean value output from one of the multiple ways, so that the signal mean value output from the multiple ways is processed sequentially by the subsequent common processing circuit.
Further, optionally, as shown in fig. 3, the image sensor 300 may further include a row scan controller 340 and a column scan controller 350 for controlling the gating of rows and columns, respectively, in the pixel circuit array 310.
Further, optionally, as shown in fig. 3, the image sensor 300 may further include a PGA circuit 370 for amplifying the received signal.
Further, optionally, as shown in fig. 3, the image sensor 300 may further include an ADC circuit 370 for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified signal.
In the embodiment of the present application, the image sensor 300 may simultaneously perform signal combination and averaging on a plurality of pixel circuits at any position in the pixel circuit array 310. To facilitate selection of the plurality of pixel circuits in the pixel circuit array 310 that need to be signal combined and averaged, preferably, in one implementation, the pixel circuit array 310 is composed of a plurality of sub-arrays, the plurality of pixel circuits includes the same-numbered pixel circuits in the plurality of sub-arrays, and the same-numbered pixel circuits in each sub-array are located in the same row and column in the respectively corresponding sub-array. For example, the pixel circuit numbered 1 in each sub-array is located in the first row and the first column in the corresponding sub-array, the pixel circuit numbered 2 in each sub-array is located in the first row and the second column in the corresponding sub-array, and so on. In this way, the plurality of pixel circuits currently required for signal combination and averaging can be conveniently gated by way of row scanning and column scanning, such as shown in fig. 2 and 4.
Optionally, in one implementation, the output circuit 320 includes an operational amplifier including a first input terminal and a second input terminal. The first output ends of the pixel circuits are connected with the first input end of the operational amplifier, and the second output ends of the pixel circuits are connected with the second input end of the operational amplifier.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits are read out by the plurality of output circuits 320, sampled and held by the plurality of sampling circuits 330, and then combined and averaged. In this embodiment, the two outputs of the plurality of pixel circuits that need to be combined and averaged are respectively used as the two inputs of the output circuit 320, so that the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits are combined and averaged in the output circuit 320, the number of the output circuits 320 and the number of the sampling circuits 330 are greatly reduced, the area and power consumption of the image sensor are greatly reduced, and the cost is reduced.
In order to more clearly illustrate the image sensor 300 in this embodiment, the operation principle of the image sensor 300 is described in detail below by taking fig. 4 as an example. Where Row in fig. 4 denotes a Row and Col denotes a column. Fig. 4 shows only 4 sub-arrays of the pixel circuit array 310, each sub-array comprising 2 x 2 pixel circuits numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Each sub-array may also comprise other numbers of pixel circuits, e.g. each sub-array comprises R x R pixel circuits, where R > 1. Fig. 4 is only an example, and should not limit the scope of the present application. In addition, the sub-arrays included in the pixel circuit array 310 may have other numbers. For example, the pixel circuit array 310 may include P × Q × M sub-arrays, where P and Q are positive integers, where M denotes how many output signals of the pixel circuits need to be signal combined and averaged, e.g., M ═ 4.
As in the pixel circuit array 110 shown in fig. 4, the output signals of the pixel circuit numbered 1 in the 4 sub-arrays need to be combined and averaged, the output signals of the pixel circuit numbered 2 need to be combined and averaged, the output signals of the pixel circuit numbered 3 need to be combined and averaged, and the output signals of the pixel circuit numbered 4 need to be combined and averaged.
It should be understood that the signal mean value corresponding to the output signal of the pixel circuit with the same number in each of the 4 sub-arrays can be used as the pixel data of a pixel point in an image acquired by the image sensor 300. When the pixel circuit array 310 includes P × Q × M sub-arrays, an image captured by the image sensor 300 includes P × Q pixels, where signal combination and averaging of output signals of M pixel circuits are required. For example, when M is 4, the signal average value corresponding to the output signals of 4 pixel circuits 1 is taken as the pixel data of the pixel circuit 1, the signal average value corresponding to the output signals of 4 pixel circuits 2 is taken as the pixel data of the pixel circuit 2, the signal average value corresponding to the output signals of 4 pixel circuits 4 is taken as the pixel data of the pixel circuit 4, and so on.
Taking 4 pixel circuits 1 as an example, when the ith row and the (i + 2) th row are strobed, the pixel circuit 1 in the ith row and the jth column, the pixel circuit 1 in the (i + 2) th row and the jth column, the pixel circuit 1 in the (i) th row and the (j + 2) th column, and the pixel circuit 1 in the (i + 2) th row and the (j + 2) th column are all strobed.
The output signals OUTN of the 4 pixel circuits 1 are input to the same input terminal of the corresponding output circuit 320, and the output signals OUTP of the 4 pixel circuits 1 are input to the other input terminal of the corresponding output circuit 320. That is, OUTN < j > output from the pixel circuit 1 in the ith row and jth column and the pixel circuit 1 in the i +2 th row and jth column, and OUTN < j +2> output from the pixel circuit 1 in the ith row and jth column and the i +2 th row and jth column are input to the same input terminal of the corresponding output circuit 320. And OUTP < j > output from the pixel circuit 1 in the ith row and jth column and the pixel circuit 1 in the (i + 2) th row and jth column, and OUTP < j +2> output from the pixel circuit 1 in the (i) th row and jth column and the (i + 2) th row and jth column are input to the other input terminal of the output circuit 320.
The output circuit 320 receives the output signals OUTN and OUTP of the 4 pixel circuits 1 and outputs OUT1, where OUT1 is the combined and averaged output signal of the 4 pixel circuits 1. SignalOUT1 is sampled and held by the corresponding sampling circuit 330, and the resulting output is combined and averaged data, denoted V respectivelyRSTAnd VSIG. Wherein, VRSTAnd VSIGThe signals acquired twice before and after exposure are respectively, after the two signals are subjected to correlated double sampling, a certain noise signal can be eliminated, and then the signals subjected to correlated double sampling are input to the PGA circuit 370 and the ADC circuit 380 to be amplified and subjected to analog-to-digital conversion, so that pixel data of the pixel circuit 1 is obtained.
When the ith row and the (i + 2) th row are strobed, the pixel circuit 2 of the (i) th row and the (j + 1) th column, the pixel circuit 1 of the (i + 2) th row and the (j + 1) th column, the pixel circuit 1 of the (i) th row and the (j + 3) th column and the pixel circuit 2 of the (i + 2) th row and the (j + 3) th column are all strobed. After the 4 pixel circuits 2 go through a similar process, the corresponding V of the pixel circuit 2 can be finally obtainedRSTAnd VSIGAfter the two signals are subjected to correlated double sampling, the two signals are input to the PGA circuit 170 and the ADC circuit 180 to be amplified and subjected to analog-to-digital conversion, so that pixel data of the pixel circuit 2 is obtained.
Next, when the (i + 1) th row and the (i + 3) th row are strobed, the 4 pixel circuits 3 and 4 pixel circuits 4 are similarly operated, and respective pixel data are finally obtained.
It can be seen that in fig. 3, the output signals of a plurality of pixel circuits with the same number are combined and averaged in the internal circuits of the corresponding output circuits 320, so that the number of the output circuits 320 and the number of the sampling circuits 330 are greatly reduced, and the area and the power consumption of the image sensor are greatly reduced.
The present embodiment does not limit the structure of each pixel circuit in the pixel circuit array 310.
Optionally, in one implementation, the pixel circuit further includes a photodiode, a parasitic capacitor, a reset switch tube, and a transfer tube.
The positive electrode of the photodiode is grounded, the negative electrode of the photodiode is connected with the source electrode of the transmission tube, the grid electrode of the transmission tube is controlled by a transmission signal, the drain electrode of the transmission tube is connected with one end of the parasitic capacitor, the grid electrode of the source following input tube and the source electrode of the reset switch tube, the other end of the parasitic capacitor is grounded, the drain electrode of the reset switch tube is connected with a reset voltage, the grid electrode of the reset switch tube is controlled by the reset signal, the grid electrode of the strobe switch tube is controlled by the strobe signal, the source electrode of the source following input tube is connected with the drain electrode of the strobe switch tube, and one end of the drain electrode of the source following input tube and one end of the source electrode of the strobe switch tube are respectively used as the first output end and the second output end of the pixel circuit.
For example, as shown in fig. 5, one pixel circuit includes a Photodiode (PD), a parasitic capacitor CFDThe transfer tube M1, the reset switch tube M2, the source follower input tube M3 and the gate switch tube M4. The reset switch M2 is used to reset the photodiode PD. The gate switch M4 is turned on to indicate that the pixel circuit is currently gated on for signal combination and averaging.
Wherein the anode of the photodiode PD is grounded, the cathode of the photodiode PD is connected with the source of the transmission tube M1, the gate of the transmission tube M1 is controlled by the transmission signal TX, and the drain of the transmission tube M1 and the parasitic capacitor C are respectively connectedFDThe gate of the source follower input tube M3 and the source of the reset switch tube M2, and a parasitic capacitor CFDThe other end of the reset switch tube is grounded, and the drain electrode of the reset switch tube is connected with a reset voltage VRSTThe grid electrode of the reset switch tube is controlled by a reset signal RST, the source electrode of the source following input tube M3 is connected with the drain electrode of the gating switch tube M4, the drain electrode of the following input tube M3 is connected with a power supply voltage VCCP, and the grid electrode of the gating switch tube M4 is controlled by a gating signal RSEL.
When light impinges on the photodiode PD, a charge is generated which can be transferred by the parasitic capacitor C when the transfer tube M1 is openedFDAnd collecting to generate corresponding voltage at the FD point, thereby realizing the process of converting the optical signal into the electric signal. Under the influence of the voltage at the point FD, the drain of the source follower input transistor M3 and the source of the gate switch transistor M4 generate the voltage signals OUTN and OUTP, respectively, i.e., two output signals of the pixel circuit.
The reset signals RST < i > of the pixel circuits of each row are connected, the gating signals RSEL < i > of the pixel circuits of each row are connected, and i is the number of rows. When RSEL < i > is 1, the pixel of the row is gated.
It should be understood that the pixel circuit shown in fig. 5 is merely an example, and the embodiments of the present application may also adopt pixel circuits with other structures, including but not limited to a 4T pixel structure.
The structure of the output circuit 320 is not limited in this embodiment.
Optionally, in one implementation, the operational amplifier in the output circuit 320 further includes a plurality of sets of transistors connected to its output terminals. Wherein each group of transistors comprises a first transistor and a second transistor connected in series. The number of sets of transistors (i.e., the number of sets) is the same as the number of pixel circuits that need to be signal combined and averaged.
Further, the transconductance of the first transistor and the source follower input of the pixel circuit is the same, or the first transistor and the source follower input of the pixel circuit are the same transistor.
And, the second transistor is a gate switching tube identical to the gate switching tube of the pixel circuit.
Preferably, the first transistor, the source follower input transistor, the second transistor and the gate switch transistor may all be the same transistor.
For example, in one implementation, the operational amplifier further comprises a current mirror, one end of the current mirror being connected to the source follower input of each pixel circuit, the other end of the current mirror being connected to the first transistor in each group of transistors.
Further, optionally, the operational amplifier further comprises a current source, one end of the current source is connected to the gate switch tube of each pixel circuit and to the second transistor in each group of transistors, and the other end of the current source is grounded.
For another example, in another implementation, the operational amplifier further includes a current mirror, one end of the current mirror is connected to the gate switching tube of each pixel circuit, and the other end of the current mirror is connected to the second transistor in each group of transistors.
Further, optionally, the operational amplifier further comprises a current source, one end of the current source is connected to the source follower input tube of each pixel circuit and to the first transistor in each group of transistors, and the other end of the current source is grounded.
Such as the output circuit 320 shown in fig. 6, which includes an operational amplifier 321. Assuming that the pixel circuit shown in fig. 5 is used, FD <1> to FD < N > respectively follow the gate voltage of the input tube M3 for the source of the pixel circuit that needs to be signal-combined and averaged. POUT, e.g., OUT1 in fig. 4, is an output signal at the output of the output circuit 320. The output end is connected with N groups of transistors 3212, the N groups of transistors 3212 are connected in parallel, wherein each group of transistors 3212 comprises a transistor M5 and a transistor M6 which are connected in series. Specifically, the output terminal may be connected to the gate of the transistor M5 in each group of transistors 3212.
Of the two input terminals of the output circuit 320, one input terminal is connected to the output OUTP of each pixel circuit, and the other input terminal is connected to the output OUTN of each pixel circuit. Further, the transconductance of the transistor M5 in the output circuit 320 is the same as the transconductance of the transistor M3, or the transistor M5 in the output circuit 320 and the transistor M3 in the pixel circuit are the same transistor. The transistor M6 and the transistor M4 are the same gate switching transistors. Since the transistor M6 and the transistor M4 are both in the on state as switches when the output circuit 320 performs signal combination and averaging, hereinafter, the transistor M6 and the transistor M4 may be regarded as wires for ease of understanding.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the operational amplifier 321 includes a current mirror 3211, the input current and the output current of the current mirror 3211 are I1 and I2, respectively, and I1 is equal to I2.
The voltages at the FD points of the respective pixel circuits in the pixel circuit array 310 usually do not differ much, i.e., a small signal is assumed to hold. Therefore, any one of FD <1> to FD < N > may be expressed as FD < k > -VCM +. DELTA.V < k >, where VCM is a common mode signal and Δ V < k > is a small signal, i.e., a small change in FD < k > with respect to VCM. Then, the input terminal current I1 is:
I1＝I(CM)+gm(1)×△V(1)+gm(2)×△V(2)+……gm(k)×△V(k)+……+gm(N)×△V(N)。
here, gm (1) ═ gm (2) ═ … … ═ gm (k) ═ … … ═ gm (n) ═ gm.
Therefore, I1 ═ I (cm) + gm × Δ V (1) + gm × Δ V (2) + … … gm × Δ V (k) + … … + gm × Δ V (n).
Due to the action of the current mirror 3211, the current I2 at the output terminal is I1, and the transconductance of the transistor M5 in the plurality of sets of transistors 3212 is equal to N × gm. Therefore, the output POUT of the output circuit 320 is:
POUT＝VCM+[gm×△V(1)+gm×△V(2)+……+gm×△V(k)+……+gm×△V(N)]/(N×gm)＝VCM+[△V(1)+△V(2)+……+△V(k)+……+△V(N)]/N＝(FD<1>+FD<2>+……+FD<k>+……+FD<N>)/N
it can be seen that the output circuit 320 employs the operational amplifier 321 based on the summation of multiple input transconductance currents, which achieves the combination and averaging of the output signals corresponding to FD <1>, FD <2>, … …, FD < k >, … …, and FD < N >.
In summary, the operational amplifier 321 of the output circuit 320 in fig. 6 adopts the basic structure of a five-transistor operational amplifier, and since the input terminal of the operational amplifier 321 is connected to N pixel circuits that need to be subjected to signal combination and averaging, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to N transistors M5 and M6 that are respectively identical to the source follower input M3 and the gate switch M4 of the N pixel circuits, the combination and averaging of the output signals of the N pixel circuits are realized.
The positions of the source follower input M3 transistor and the gate switch transistor M4 shown in fig. 6 can be reversed, and the positions of the transistor M5 and the transistor M6 can be reversed at the same time.
It should be understood that the output circuit shown in fig. 6 is merely an example, and the embodiments of the present application may also adopt output circuits with other structures, including but not limited to a five-transistor operational amplifier.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an image sensor based on the pixel circuit of fig. 5 and the output circuit 320 of fig. 6. Of these, fig. 7 shows only the currently-gated 4 pixel circuits 1, i.e., N-4. The output signals OUTP and OUTN of the 4 pixel circuits 1 are input to two input terminals of the output circuit 320, respectively, and the output circuit 320 receives the output signals OUTP and OUTN of the plurality of pixel circuits and outputs a combined and averaged signal POUT.
Optionally, in an implementation manner, the sampling circuit 330 includes a first sampling capacitor and a second sampling capacitor, and the first sampling capacitor and the second sampling capacitor are configured to collect the signal mean twice before and after the exposure of the pixel circuit, respectively, so as to implement correlated double sampling.
For example, as shown in fig. 7, the sampling circuit 330 is connected to the output circuit 320, wherein the first sampling capacitor C1 is connected to the output terminal of the output circuit 320 through the switch K1, and the second sampling capacitor C2 is connected to the output terminal of the output circuit 320 through the switch K2. The switch K1 and the switch K2 may be controlled such that the average of the signals is collected twice before and after exposure of the pixel circuit through the first sampling capacitor C1 and the second sampling capacitor C2, respectively, the previous time being for the reset level VRSTIs sampled, the latter time for the exposure signal level VSIGThe sampling of (3) can eliminate reset noise after the difference of the signals acquired twice, thereby improving the performance of the image sensor.
The embodiment of the present application further provides a fingerprint detection device, which includes the image sensor in the above embodiments of the present application. This fingerprint detection device can set up in the display screen below to fingerprint detection under the realization screen.
When the image sensor is applied to a fingerprint detection device, the light signals received by the plurality of pixel circuits, which need to be subjected to signal combination and averaging, may be light signals in the same direction returned by a finger, for example. In other words, the plurality of pixel circuits in each sub-array of the plurality of pixel circuit arrays are respectively configured to receive optical signals in a plurality of directions.
The structure of the fingerprint detection device can adopt a micro lens and one or more light blocking layers to receive light signals in different directions.
Optionally, in an implementation manner, the fingerprint detection device further includes a light path guiding structure disposed above each sub-array, where the light path guiding structure includes a microlens and a plurality of light-blocking layers disposed below the microlens, where an uppermost light-blocking layer of the plurality of light-blocking layers is provided with at least one light-passing small hole and each light-blocking layer of the remaining light-blocking layers is provided with a plurality of light-passing small holes, so as to form light-guiding channels in the plurality of directions, the microlens is configured to converge light signals returned by fingers above the display screen, and the light-guiding channels in the plurality of directions are configured to guide the light signals in the corresponding directions to corresponding pixel circuits.
Taking fig. 8 and 9 as an example, the pixel circuits with the same number may be used for receiving light rays in the same direction, and the pixel circuit 1, the pixel circuit 2, the pixel circuit 3, and the pixel circuit 4 may be respectively used for receiving light rays in four different directions. Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the optical path guiding structure above three sub-arrays in the pixel circuit array 310, and fig. 9 is a top view of the optical path guiding structure above four sub-arrays in the pixel circuit array 310.
Three light blocking layers and a microlens layer are arranged above the pixel circuit array 310 of the image sensor 300, a light through small hole is arranged on the uppermost light blocking layer, 4 light through small holes are arranged on each light blocking layer in the rest light blocking layers to form four light guide channels in different directions, and light signals converged by the microlenses respectively pass through the 4 light guide channels and respectively reach 4 pixel circuits. As shown in fig. 8, the microlens array 210 includes a plurality of microlenses 211, each corresponding to a pixel unit, each pixel unit including 4 pixels. The opening 2211 in the light-blocking layer 211, the opening 2221 in the light-blocking layer 222, and the opening 2231 in the light-blocking layer 223 form a light-receiving direction, and light signals of the direction can be received by the pixel circuit 331; the opening 2211 in the light-blocking layer 211, the opening 2222 in the light-blocking layer 222, and the opening 2232 in the light-blocking layer 223 form another light-receiving direction, and a light signal of the direction can be received by the pixel circuit 332; similarly, 4 light receiving directions are shown in the top view of fig. 9.
It should be understood that fig. 8 and 9 are only examples, and other optical path structures capable of realizing multiple receiving directions may be applied to the fingerprint detection apparatus. For example, one microlens may be provided for each pixel circuit, that is, one microlens corresponds to one pixel circuit.
In addition, the above is only an example of light rays in four directions, and in this case, the pixel circuits included in one sub array in the pixel circuit array are 2 × 2 pixel circuits with different numbers. Other numbers of light directions may be used in practical applications, for example, a sub-array includes two pixel circuits with different numbers, which are respectively used for receiving light in two different directions.
The embodiment of the application also provides electronic equipment which comprises a screen and the fingerprint detection device in the various embodiments of the application. Optionally, the fingerprint detection device is arranged below the screen to enable optical fingerprint detection under the screen.
By way of example and not limitation, the electronic device in the embodiments of the present application may be a portable or mobile computing device such as a terminal device, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a game device, an in-vehicle electronic device, or a wearable smart device, and other electronic devices such as an electronic database, an automobile, and an Automated Teller Machine (ATM). The wearable intelligent device comprises a device which has complete functions and large size and can realize complete or partial functions without depending on a smart phone, such as a smart watch or smart glasses and the like; and, only focus on a certain kind of application function, and need with other equipment such as the equipment that the smart mobile phone cooperation was used, for example, all kinds of intelligent bracelet, intelligent ornament etc. that carry out the physical sign monitoring.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments and/or technical features in the embodiments described in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other, and the technical solutions obtained after the combination also fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be understood that the specific examples in the embodiments of the present application are for the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application, and that various modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art based on the above embodiments and fall within the scope of the present application.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (13)

1. An image sensor, comprising:
an array of pixel circuits, wherein each pixel circuit is configured to generate an output signal based on a received light signal;
the output circuit is used for simultaneously reading output signals of a plurality of pixel circuits in the pixel circuit array, so that the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits are combined and averaged in the output circuit to obtain a signal mean value of the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits, and outputting the signal mean value of the output signals of the plurality of pixel circuits;
the sampling circuit is used for acquiring the signal mean value output by the output circuit;
the processing circuit is used for carrying out data processing on the signal mean value;
the pixel circuit array is composed of a plurality of sub-arrays, the plurality of pixel circuits comprise pixel circuits with the same number in the plurality of sub-arrays, and the pixel circuits with the same number in each sub-array are located in the same row and column in the corresponding sub-array.
2. The image sensor according to claim 1, wherein the image sensor is applied to a fingerprint detection device, and the light signals received by the plurality of pixel circuits are light signals in the same direction returned by a finger;
the pixel circuits with different numbers in each sub-array of the pixel circuit array are respectively used for receiving optical signals in different directions.
3. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein the output circuit comprises an operational amplifier, the operational amplifier comprising a first input and a second input, the first output of the plurality of pixel circuits being coupled to the first input of the operational amplifier, the second output of the plurality of pixel circuits being coupled to the second input of the operational amplifier.
4. The image sensor of claim 3, wherein the operational amplifier further comprises a plurality of sets of transistors connected to the output terminals thereof, wherein each set of transistors comprises a first transistor and a second transistor connected in series,
the number of the plurality of groups of transistors is the same as that of the plurality of pixel circuits, the transconductance of the first transistor is the same as that of a source following input tube of the pixel circuit, the transconductance of the second transistor is the same as that of a gate switching tube of the pixel circuit, and the source following input tube and the gate switching tube are connected in series between a first output end and a second output end of the pixel circuit.
5. The image sensor of claim 4, wherein the operational amplifier further comprises a current mirror, one end of the current mirror is connected to the source follower input of each pixel circuit, and the other end of the current mirror is connected to the first transistor in each group of transistors.
6. The image sensor according to claim 5, wherein the operational amplifier further comprises a current source having one end connected to the gate switching tube of each pixel circuit and to the second transistor of each group of transistors, and the other end connected to ground.
7. The image sensor as claimed in claim 4, wherein the operational amplifier further comprises a current mirror, one end of the current mirror is connected to the gate switching tube of each pixel circuit, and the other end of the current mirror is connected to the second transistor of each group of transistors.
8. The image sensor of claim 7, wherein the operational amplifier further comprises a current source having one end connected to the source follower input of each pixel circuit and to the first transistor in each group of transistors, and the other end connected to ground.
9. The image sensor of claim 4, wherein the pixel circuit further comprises a photodiode, a parasitic capacitor, a reset switch and a transfer transistor,
the positive electrode of the photodiode is grounded, the negative electrode of the photodiode is connected with the source electrode of the transmission tube, the grid electrode of the transmission tube is controlled by a transmission signal, the drain electrode of the transmission tube is connected with one end of the parasitic capacitor, the grid electrode of the source following input tube and the source electrode of the reset switch tube, the other end of the parasitic capacitor is grounded, the drain electrode of the reset switch tube is connected with a reset voltage, the grid electrode of the reset switch tube is controlled by the reset signal, the grid electrode of the gating switch tube is controlled by the gating signal, the source electrode of the source following input tube is connected with the drain electrode of the gating switch tube, and one end of the drain electrode of the source following input tube and one end of the source electrode of the gating switch tube are respectively used as a first output end and a second output end of the pixel circuit.
10. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein the sampling circuit comprises a first sampling capacitor and a second sampling capacitor, and the first sampling capacitor and the second sampling capacitor are configured to collect the signal mean twice before and after the exposure of the pixel circuit, respectively, so as to implement correlated double sampling.
11. A fingerprint detection device, for being arranged below a display screen of an electronic device, the fingerprint detection device comprising an image sensor according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 10.
12. The fingerprint detection apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of pixel circuits in each sub-array of the pixel circuit array in the image sensor are respectively configured to receive optical signals in a plurality of directions,
the fingerprint detection device further comprises a light path guiding structure arranged above each subarray, the light path guiding structure comprises a micro lens and a plurality of light blocking layers arranged below the micro lens, the uppermost light blocking layer in the light blocking layers is provided with at least one light through small hole, and each light blocking layer in the rest light blocking layers is provided with a plurality of light through small holes to form light guide channels in multiple directions, the micro lens is used for converging light signals returned by fingers above the display screen, and the light guide channels in the multiple directions are used for guiding the light signals to the corresponding pixel circuits in the corresponding directions.
13. An electronic device characterized by comprising a fingerprint detection apparatus according to claim 11 or 12.
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