CN112710349A - Forward Brillouin optical fiber laser sensor based on stimulated Raman - Google Patents

Forward Brillouin optical fiber laser sensor based on stimulated Raman Download PDF

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CN112710349A
CN112710349A CN202011411275.6A CN202011411275A CN112710349A CN 112710349 A CN112710349 A CN 112710349A CN 202011411275 A CN202011411275 A CN 202011411275A CN 112710349 A CN112710349 A CN 112710349A
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optical coupler
fiber
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stimulated raman
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CN112710349B (en
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刘毅
宁钰
商瑶
陈鹏飞
顾源琦
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06754Fibre amplifiers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/106Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
    • H01S3/108Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering
    • H01S3/1086Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering using scattering effects, e.g. Raman or Brillouin effect

Abstract

The invention relates to an optical fiber laser sensor, in particular to a forward Brillouin optical fiber laser sensor based on stimulated Raman, which comprises a tunable single-frequency laser, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a polarization controller, an optical coupler, a single-mode optical fiber, a temperature/strain control system, a polarization beam combiner, a photodiode, a frequency spectrograph and a spectrometer, wherein the tunable single-frequency laser is connected with the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier; the temperature/strain control system consists of an optical fiber fixing clamp and a heater. The invention has reasonable design, uses the forward stimulated Raman Brillouin fiber laser and detects the stimulated Raman scattering R0mThe Brillouin mode frequency shift amount realizes temperature strain sensing with adjustable sensitivity.

Description

Forward Brillouin optical fiber laser sensor based on stimulated Raman
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser research, and particularly relates to a forward Brillouin optical fiber laser sensor based on stimulated Raman.
Background
SBS has been widely used as a typical nonlinear optical effect in optical fibers since stimulated Brillouin scattering (stimulated Brillouin scattering) was first observed in 1964. The Brillouin optical fiber laser is used for sensing, due to the characteristics of strict Brillouin frequency shift, narrow line width, easiness in compatibility with other optical fiber elements and the like, remote real-time measurement and monitoring can be realized, no radiation interference exists, the electric insulation and anti-electromagnetic interference performance are good, the measurement range is wide, high spatial resolution and high precision are realized, and the Brillouin optical fiber laser is mainly applied to sensing of temperature or strain.
The existing literature searches and finds that scholars at home and abroad (Opt.Lett.19, p.141,1994, Opt.Lett.22, p.787,1997, Opt.Lett.13, p.1094,2001, Opt.Lett.29, p.1485,2004, published by Parker et al, Tech.Lett.13, and Lee et al) use the backward stimulated Brillouin scattering effect to realize sensing of temperature and strain in design, but the sensitivity of temperature and strain is still limited in adjustability, thereby influencing sensing accuracy and application range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a forward Brillouin optical fiber laser sensor based on stimulated Raman, which utilizes stimulated Raman effect to generate a plurality of similar Rs with different temperature strain sensitivities0mMode by probing multiple classes R0mThe Brillouin frequency shift amount of the mode changing along with the temperature strain realizes the sensing of the temperature strain with adjustable sensitivity.
In order to achieve the above object, a stimulated raman-based forward brillouin fiber laser sensor is provided, including: the device comprises a tunable single-frequency laser, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a polarization controller, a first optical coupler, a second optical coupler, a single-mode fiber, a temperature/strain control system, a polarization beam combiner, a third optical coupler, a photodiode, a frequency spectrograph and a spectrometer; the temperature/strain control system comprises a first optical fiber fixing clamp, a second optical fiber fixing clamp and a heater;
pump light generated by the tunable single-frequency laser is amplified by the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, input at the port a of the first optical coupler through the polarization controller, and output after passing through the first optical couplerDividing the coherent light into two backward propagating coherent light beams, inputting the coherent light beams into a second optical coupler from a port b and a port c of a first optical coupler, dividing the light inputted into the second optical coupler from the port e into two backward propagating light beams, outputting the two backward propagating light beams from a port h and a port g, dividing the light inputted into the second optical coupler from the port h into two backward propagating light beams, outputting the two backward propagating light beams from the port e and the port f, allowing the light inputted into the port f and the port g to pass through a fiber loop composed of single mode fibers arranged in a temperature/strain control system, resonating and returning the light into the second optical coupler, returning the light into the first optical coupler from the port e and the port h for demodulation, forming a forward stimulated raman laser signal, inputting the laser signal from the port b and the port c of the first optical coupler, outputting the laser satisfying a phase condition from a port d when brillouin gain of a resonator formed by the second optical coupler and the single mode fibers is, the light which does not meet the phase condition is output from the port a, the laser output from the port d enters the third optical coupler to be divided into two beams of laser after the polarization state of the laser is adjusted by the polarization beam combiner, one beam of laser is recorded by the photodiode and the spectrometer, the other beam of laser is directly recorded by the spectrometer, and different stimulated Raman scattering R types are detected by changing the temperature or strain environment borne by the single-mode optical fiber in the temperature/strain control system0mThe Brillouin mode frequency shift amount realizes temperature strain sensing with adjustable sensitivity.
The tunable fiber laser adopts a continuous operation laser with the center wavelength of 1550nm, the spectral line width of 400GHz, the side mode suppression ratio of more than 45dB, the relative noise of-145 dB/Hz, the maximum output power of 10dBm and the wavelength adjustable range of 1520-.
Wherein, the gain of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is 15dB, and the wavelength range is 1528nm to 1565 nm.
The first optical coupler, the second optical coupler and the third optical coupler have a splitting ratio of 50:50 and are used for splitting the pump light into two coherent light beams.
Wherein the phase conditions are: and the laser output from the port e and the port h of the second optical coupler to the port b and the port c of the first optical coupler is divided into two beams of laser under the action of the first optical coupler, and the two beams of laser are output from the port a and the port d of the first optical coupler respectively.
Wherein the single mode fiber is an SM-28 single mode fiber with the length of 10km, and provides nonlinear Brillouin gain.
The response bandwidth of the photodiode is 0-12 GHz, and the response wavelength range is 400-1650 nm.
The bandwidth of the frequency spectrograph is 0-26.5 GHz, and the minimum resolution is 1Hz, so that the frequency spectrograph is used for analyzing the electric signals converted by the photoelectric detector.
Wherein the resolution of the spectrometer is 0.02nm and is used for observing laser output.
The first optical fiber fixing clamp and the second optical fiber fixing clamp of the temperature/strain control system are used for fixedly clamping the single-mode optical fiber so as to change the strain environment of the single-mode optical fiber ring; the heater is connected with the single-mode optical fiber to change the temperature environment of the single-mode optical fiber ring.
Different from the prior art, the stimulated Raman based forward Brillouin optical fiber laser sensor comprises a tunable single-frequency laser, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a polarization controller, a first optical coupler, a second optical coupler, a single-mode optical fiber, a temperature/strain control system, a polarization beam combiner, a third optical coupler, a photodiode, a frequency spectrograph and a spectrometer. The invention utilizes the principle that forward stimulated Raman Brillouin scattering which has the same polarization characteristic as Ranan scattering and only changes the phase without changing the polarization state generates forward Brillouin laser in a resonant cavity formed by single-mode fibers, and utilizes the stimulated Raman scattering effect to generate a plurality of equally spaced R types which are related to the fiber core diameter and unrelated to the cavity length of the resonant cavity0mThe mode improves the design flexibility of the resonant cavity of the laser, and realizes the laser free spectral range irrelevant to the cavity length.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a stimulated raman-based forward brillouin fiber laser sensor provided in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic composition diagram of a temperature/strain control system in a forward brillouin fiber laser sensor based on stimulated raman according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a tunable fiber laser; 2. an erbium-doped fiber amplifier; 3. a polarization controller; 4. a first optical coupler; 5. a second optical coupler; 6. a single mode optical fiber; 7. a temperature/strain control system; 7a, fixing the optical fiber clamp; 7b, fixing the optical fiber clamp; 7c, a heater; 8. a polarization beam combiner; 9. a third optical coupler; 10. a photodiode; 11. spectrometer, 12 spectrometer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a stimulated raman-based forward brillouin fiber laser sensor, including: the device comprises a tunable single-frequency laser 1, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier 2, a polarization controller 3, a first optical coupler 4, a second optical coupler 5, a single-mode fiber 6, a temperature/strain control system 7, a polarization beam combiner 8, a third optical coupler 9, a photodiode 10, a frequency spectrograph 11 and a spectrometer 12; wherein the temperature/strain control system 7 comprises a first optical fiber fixing clamp 7a, a second optical fiber fixing clamp 7b and a heater 7 c;
the pump light generated by the tunable single-frequency laser 1 is amplified by the erbium-doped fiber amplifier 2, is input at a port a of a first optical coupler 4 through a polarization controller 3, is output into two beams of coherent light which is transmitted in reverse after passing through the first optical coupler 4, is input into a second optical coupler 5 from a port b and a port c of the first optical coupler 4, is input into the second optical coupler 5 from a port e, is divided into two beams of counter-propagating light, is output from a port h and a port g, is input into the second optical coupler 5 from the port h, is divided into two beams of counter-propagating light, is output from the port e and the port f, is input into the ports f and g, passes through a fiber ring composed of single-mode fibers 6 arranged in a temperature/strain control system 7, is returned into the second optical coupler 5 after resonance occurs, and is returned into the first optical coupler 4 from the port e and the port h for demodulation, when the Brillouin gain of the resonant cavity formed by the second optical coupler 5 and the single-mode fiber 6 is higher than the loss, the forward acceptance is formedLaser signals of stimulated Raman scattering type R are input from a port b and a port c of the first optical coupler 4, laser meeting a phase condition is output from a port d, light not meeting the phase condition is output from a port a, the laser output from the port d enters the third optical coupler 9 to be divided into two laser beams after the polarization state of the laser is adjusted by the polarization beam combiner 8, one laser beam is recorded by the photodiode 10 and the spectrometer 11, the other laser beam is directly recorded by the spectrometer 12, and different stimulated Raman scattering type R are detected by changing the temperature or strain environment borne by the single mode fiber 6 in the temperature/strain control system 70mThe Brillouin mode frequency shift amount realizes temperature strain sensing with adjustable sensitivity.
The tunable fiber laser 1 is a continuous operation laser with a center wavelength of 1550nm, a spectral line width of 400GHz, a side mode suppression ratio of 45dB, a relative noise of-145 dB/Hz, a maximum output power of 10dBm and a wavelength adjustable range of 1520-.
Wherein, the gain of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier 2 is 15dB, and the wavelength range is 1528nm to 1565 nm. The polarization controller 3 is used to adjust the polarization state of the pump light, and the polarization beam combiner 7 is used to adjust the polarization state of the output light.
The splitting ratio of the first optical coupler 4, the second optical coupler 5 and the third optical coupler 8 is 50:50, and the first optical coupler, the second optical coupler and the third optical coupler are used for splitting the pump light into two coherent light beams.
Wherein the phase conditions are: the laser beams output from the ports e and h of the second optical coupler 5 to the ports b and c of the first optical coupler 4 are divided into two laser beams under the action of the first optical coupler 4, and the two laser beams are output from the ports a and d of the first optical coupler 4, if the laser beams output from the ports b and c of the first optical coupler 4 to the ports d are in the same phase, the phase condition is satisfied, otherwise, the phase condition is not satisfied.
Wherein the single mode fiber 6 is an SM-28 single mode fiber having a length of 10km, providing a nonlinear brillouin gain.
The response bandwidth of the photodiode 9 is 0-12 GHz, and the response wavelength range is 400-1650 nm.
The bandwidth of the spectrometer 10 is 0-26.5 GHz, and the minimum resolution is 1Hz, so as to analyze the electrical signal converted by the photodetector.
Wherein the spectrometer 11 has a resolution of 0.02nm and is used to observe the laser output.
As shown in fig. 2, the first fiber fixing clamp 7a and the second fiber fixing clamp 7b of the temperature/strain control system 7 are used for fixedly clamping the single-mode fiber 6 so as to change the strain environment of the single-mode fiber loop; the heater 7c is connected with the single-mode optical fiber 6 to change the temperature environment of the single-mode optical fiber ring.
The principle of the laser generating forward Brillouin laser is as follows:
continuous pump light is divided into two bundles of light after entering single mode fiber, a bundle of light is transmitted along original light path, another bundle of light returns to the loop after transmitting a week along the loop anticlockwise, return to the loop and divide into two bundles again, repeat the above-mentioned process, the coherent light that satisfies the ring length condition takes place to interfere the stack, another bundle of reverse transmission's that is divided into by the second optical coupler this moment light entering single mode fiber ring also is same process, two bundles of reverse light take place the resonance in the loop, when the brillouin gain that produces in the resonant cavity is greater than when losing, output forward stimulated raman laser.
The pump light generates forward stimulated Raman laser in the fiber ring composed of single mode fiber by continuous resonance, and the laser generates multiple R-like lasers due to stimulated Raman effect0mMode, showing multimodal behaviour after input to the spectrometer, according to each class R0mThe sensitivity of the mode to the temperature and the strain response is different, so that the temperature and the strain value of the environment where the single-mode fiber is located are obtained, and the temperature strain sensing with adjustable sensitivity is realized.
For longitudinal class R0mThe mode, the boundary condition for the free fiber surface can be written as:
(1-α2)J0(y)-a2J2(y)=0 (1-1)
ymis the zeroth order of the m of the formula (1-1), alpha ═ vtvl,vlFor the shear wave sound velocity, the following were found:
Figure BDA0002816251580000061
wherein f ismIs the characteristic frequency of acoustic mode, corresponding to Brillouin frequency shift, vlThe longitudinal wave sound velocity, a, is the fiber radius.
When the optical fiber is affected by temperature and strain, thermoelastic and elastomechanical properties change, and the velocity of the elastic acoustic wave in the optical fiber is affected, and it is known from (1-2) that the brillouin frequency shift magnitude is also affected. The sound velocity v in the optical fiber can be known through research on the sound velocity of the optical fiberlCan be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002816251580000062
wherein κ and E, p are respectively the Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus and density of the optical fiber. In the optical fiber, the relationship between the effective refractive index, the medium density, the Young's modulus, the Poisson ratio, the temperature and the strain of the single-mode optical fiber is used for simultaneously combining the formula (1-2) and the formula (1-3), and the influence of the temperature T and the strain epsilon material is obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002816251580000071
simultaneous formulae (1-2), (1-3) and (1-4) we have found that the different classes R0mThe sensitivity of the mode to temperature and strain is not the same, the higher the order, the greater the sensitivity. By detecting different order classes R0mThe temperature strain sensing with adjustable sensitivity can be realized by the Brillouin frequency shift amount of the mode changed along with the temperature strain.
Compared with the existing Brillouin optical fiber laser sensor, the invention utilizes the single mode optical fiber to form the resonant cavity, and generates a plurality of different types of R with different sensitivities by the stimulated Raman effect0mMode, probing multiple classes R by experiment0mThe temperature strain sensing with adjustable sensitivity can be realized by the mode to the Brillouin frequency shift amount of temperature and strain change.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A stimulated raman-based forward brillouin fiber laser sensor, comprising: the device comprises a tunable single-frequency laser (1), an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (2), a polarization controller (3), a first optical coupler (4), a second optical coupler (5), a single-mode fiber (6), a temperature/strain control system (7), a polarization beam combiner (8), a third optical coupler (9), a photodiode (10), a frequency spectrograph (11) and a spectrometer (12); wherein the temperature/strain control system (7) comprises a first optical fiber fixing clamp (7 a), a second optical fiber fixing clamp (7 b) and a heater (7 c);
pump light generated by a tunable single-frequency laser (1) is amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (2), is input at a port a of a first optical coupler (4) through a polarization controller (3), is output as light after passing through the first optical coupler (4) and is divided into two beams of coherent light which is transmitted in reverse direction, is input into a second optical coupler (5) from a port b and a port c of the first optical coupler (4), light input into the second optical coupler (5) from a port e is divided into two beams of counter-propagating light which are output from a port h and a port g, light input into the second optical coupler (5) from the port h is divided into two beams of counter-propagating light which are output from a port e and a port f, light input from the port f and the port g passes through a fiber ring consisting of single-mode fibers (6) arranged in a temperature/strain control system (7), resonates and returns to the second optical coupler (5), then returning to the first optical coupler (4) from the port e and the port h for demodulation, and when the Brillouin gain of the resonant cavity formed by the second optical coupler (5) and the single-mode fiber (6) is higher than the loss, forming forward stimulated Raman laser signals to be input from the port b and the port c of the first optical coupler (4), so as to meet the requirement of phase stripLaser of the device is output from a port d, light which does not meet phase conditions is output from a port a, the laser output from the port d enters a third optical coupler (9) to be divided into two laser beams after the polarization state of the laser is adjusted by a polarization beam combiner (8), one laser beam is recorded by a photodiode (10) and a spectrometer (11), the other laser beam is directly recorded by the spectrometer (12), and different stimulated Raman scattering types R are detected by changing the temperature or the strain environment borne by a single mode fiber (6) in a temperature/strain control system (7)0mThe Brillouin mode frequency shift amount realizes temperature strain sensing with adjustable sensitivity.
2. The stimulated raman-based forward brillouin fiber laser sensor according to claim 1, wherein the tunable fiber laser (1) employs a continuously operating laser having a center wavelength of 1550nm, a spectral line width of 400GHz, a side mode suppression ratio of >45dB, a relative noise of-145 dB/Hz, a maximum output power of 10dBm, and a wavelength tunable range of 1520-.
3. The stimulated raman-based forward brillouin fiber laser sensor according to claim 1, wherein the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (2) has a gain of 15dB and a wavelength range of 1528nm to 1565 nm.
4. Stimulated raman based forward brillouin fiber laser sensor according to claim 1, wherein the splitting ratio of the first (4), second (5) and third (9) optical couplers is 50:50, for splitting the pump light into two coherent light beams.
5. The stimulated raman-based forward brillouin fiber laser sensor of claim 1, wherein said phase condition is: the laser light output from the port e and the port h of the second optical coupler (5) to the port b and the port c of the first optical coupler (4) is divided into two laser beams under the action of the first optical coupler (4), the two laser beams are output from the port a and the port d of the first optical coupler (4) respectively, if the laser beams input from the port b and the port c of the first optical coupler (4) are divided to the same phase of the laser beams input to the port d, the phase condition is met, otherwise, the phase condition is not met.
6. Stimulated-raman-based forward brillouin fiber laser sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that said single mode fiber (6) is an SM-28 single mode fiber with a length of 10km, providing a nonlinear brillouin gain.
7. The stimulated raman-based forward brillouin fiber laser sensor according to claim 1, wherein the response bandwidth of the photodiode (9) is 0 to 12GHz, and the response wavelength range is 400nm to 1650 nm.
8. Stimulated raman based forward brillouin fiber laser sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the spectrometer (10) has a bandwidth of 0 to 26.5GHz and a minimum resolution of 1Hz for analyzing the electrical signal converted by the photodetector.
9. Stimulated raman based forward brillouin fiber laser sensor according to claim 1, wherein said spectrometer (11) has a resolution of 0.02nm for observing laser output.
10. A stimulated raman-based forward brillouin fiber laser sensor according to claim 1, wherein a first fiber fixing clamp (7 a) and a second fiber fixing clamp (7 b) of a temperature/strain control system (7) are used for fixedly clamping the single mode fiber (6) so as to change the strain environment of the single mode fiber ring; the heater (7 c) is connected with the single-mode optical fiber (6) so as to change the temperature environment of the single-mode optical fiber ring.
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