CN105762644B - Narrow-linewidth laser output method based on micro groove optical fiber - Google Patents
Narrow-linewidth laser output method based on micro groove optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/30—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
- H01S3/302—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects in an optical fibre
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06716—Fibre compositions or doping with active elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06791—Fibre ring lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of narrow-linewidth laser output methods based on micro groove optical fiber.The present invention is using fiber grating as wavelength selecting device, and using Er-doped fiber as gain media, the linewidth compression of laser is realized using micro groove optical fiber, realizes narrow-linewidth laser output.It is the configuration of the present invention is simple, of low cost, it can be applied to the fields such as distributed optical fiber vibration sensing, gas detection, environmental monitoring, scientific research.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser technology fields, more particularly to a kind of narrow-linewidth laser output side based on micro groove optical fiber
Method.
Background technology
Narrow linewidth single longitudinal mode laser has the advantages that overlength coherence length and extremely low phase noise, in Fibre Optical Sensor, optical fiber
The fields such as communication, laser radar, distributed petroleum pipeline detection have broad application prospects.
Realize that the mode of optical fiber laser single mode narrow linewidth output includes mainly at present：1, it is based on distributed feedback fibre cloth
The short cavity method of glug grating.The advantages of this method is that laser structure is compact, wavelength stabilized laser；The disadvantage is that needing highly doped
Optical fiber as gain media, distributed feedback fibre Bragg grating complex manufacturing technology, the laser power of output is very small.
2, based on the annular cell method with saturated absorbing body.This method is using the length formed in saturated absorption body away from fiber bragg grating
It realizes laser modeling, can realize the narrow-linewidth laser output of relatively high power, but be constrained to saturated absorbing body and laser chamber
Long stability, output laser the shortcomings that there are mode hoppings.3, the narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser based on Brillouin scattering, this method
Advantage is that laser threshold and intensity noise are low.But brillouin gain broader bandwidth (20MHZ or so) in optical fiber, if optical fiber is too
Long, there are multiple zlasing modes in brillouin gain spectral limit (20MHZ), can form random Mode-hopping Phenomena, and cannot achieve steady
Fixed single-frequency operation.So by optical fiber length limitation, gain accumulation is not easily formed in resonant cavity, signal is weaker.
Theory is it has been proved that Rayleigh scattering is a kind of effective linewidth compression mechanism, if Rayleigh scattering can be utilized to realize
Laser linewidth is compressed, and the structure of narrow linewidth laser will be simplified.But the interaction of light and substance is formed by scattering and removes
Rayleigh scattering, also Brillouin scattering and Raman scattering；Wherein Raman scattering only ability in the case of high power pump source
It will produce, can avoid generating Raman scattering by adjusting pumping source parameter；And Brillouin scattering situation is more complicated, usually
In the case of, Brillouin scattering and Rayleigh scattering almost exist simultaneously, and ordinary optic fibre is to the gain coefficient ratio of Brillouin scattering
The high several orders of magnitude of Rayleigh scattering gain coefficient, and Brillouin scattering has negative effect to linewidth compression, therefore effectively inhibit
Brillouin scattering realizes Rayleigh gain accumulation to realizing that laser linewidth compression is of great significance using Rayleigh scattering.
Invention content
Narrow-linewidth laser output is realized based on micro groove optical fiber in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of
Method.The micro groove optical fiber is made by general single mode fiber through femtosecond laser parallel micromachining, with femtosecond laser in single-mode optics
The symmetrical grooves that two 6~7 microns of depths are inscribed on fine surface are formed multipair by repeatedly inscribing operation on general single mode fiber
Micro groove area.In the micro groove intelligent acess laser, the cavity length of laser is made to be equal to or more than 100m, it is common single
Multiple micro groove areas on mode fiber can effectively inhibit Brillouin scattering, meet Rayleigh scattering and largely accumulate, and realize laser linewidth
Compression effectiveness.
Basic principle is:The numerical aperture of optical fiber is a limited value, and general single mode fiber allows the biography of multimode sound wave
It leads；Since light can be scattered by the sound wave of non-zero angle, if angle is sufficiently small, scattering light still can be in general single mode fiber
It propagates in the middle；In general single mode fiber, the transverse gradients of light field are much larger than longitudinal gradient, and transverse sound wave is to excited Brillouin
It plays a crucial role, micro groove optical fiber structure of the invention can function as follows：1) expand the mould of light in optical fiber
Field distribution reduces the transverse gradients of light field, inhibits the transverse sound wave in optical fiber indirectly；2) optical fiber is made to form variable section structure,
Destroy the conduction condition of transverse sound wave；3) the multiple micro groove areas being distributed on general single mode fiber can be to avoid excited Brillouin
The cumulative effect of gain.
Laser resonant cavity is constituted using micro groove optical fiber of the present invention, can avoid the laser using brillouin gain principle
The single-frequency operation instability problem caused by there are random Mode-hopping Phenomena, while the limitation to cavity length is eliminated, make
Resonant cavity can reach hundred meters of magnitudes, effectively realizes Rayleigh gain accumulation, improves signal strength.
In order to make transmission loss of the light in micro groove optical fiber and be obtained to the inhibition of brillouin gain preferably flat
Weighing apparatus, the parameter of micro groove optical fiber are set as：The axial length of single groove area is in 1.8~2cm ranges, two neighboring micro groove area
4.5~6m of axial centre interval, the minimum diameter in micro groove area and the outer diameter numeric ratio of general single mode fiber are 24:25~
18:Between 25.
Narrow-linewidth laser output method includes the following steps：
Step (1) makes micro groove optical fiber, specifically uses femtosecond laser micro- in single mode optical fiber surface two depths 6~7 of inscription
The symmetrical grooves of rice form multipair micro groove area by repeatedly inscribing operation on single mode optical fiber；The micro groove intelligent acess
In laser, the cavity length of laser is made to be equal to or more than 100m.
Step (2) selects the 980nm pump lasers that output power is more than 100mW, one realize 980nm laser and
The wavelength division multiplexer of 1.5 mum lasers coupling, the Er-doped fiber of 2 meters to 10 meters of a segment length, a three port circulators, one section
Micro groove optical fiber, a variable optical attenuator, a centre wavelength are λ0Fiber bragg grating, a 1*2 coupler.
Step (3) connects the 1st fiber port of the port of 980nm pump lasers and wavelength division multiplexer, wavelength-division multiplex
2nd port of device and one end optical fiber of Er-doped fiber connect；1st port optical of the other end of Er-doped fiber and three port circulators
Fibre connection, the 2nd port of three port circulators are connect with one end optical fiber of micro groove optical fiber, the other end optical fiber of micro groove optical fiber
It is connect with variable optical attenuator, the variable optical attenuator other end is λ with centre wavelength0Fiber bragg grating one end optical fiber
Connection；3rd port of three port circulators is connect with the input end fiber of the ends 1*2 coupler, the first output of the ends 1*2 coupler
The 3rd fiber port of wave and division multiplexer is held to connect, the output end of the 2nd output end of the ends 1*2 coupler as narrow-linewidth laser.
Step (4) opens 980nm pump lasers, and the 980nm laser of output enters Er-doped fiber by wavelength division multiplexer,
Er-doped fiber absorbs 980nm laser, to provide a wideband light source；Wideband light source injects micro groove by three port circulators
Optical fiber, variable optical attenuator and centre wavelength are λ0Fiber bragg grating, the 3rd port of three port circulators and the ends 1*2
Coupler, wavelength division multiplexer the 3rd port form complete loop laser chamber.Centre wavelength is λ0Fiber bragg grating and
Variable optical attenuator provides a very faint seed light, centre wavelength λ for micro groove optical fiber0Fiber bragg grating
It is also wavelength selective elements, variable optical attenuator controls the intensity of seed light, in order to avoid the backward Rayleigh scattering of narrow linewidth
Signal is submerged, and to increase the probability of back scattering generation, the Rayleigh scattering light of narrow linewidth recycles in annular chamber, finally
Laser concussion is formed, exports the laser signal of narrow linewidth, high intensity outward.
The method have the benefit that：While ensureing laser single-frequency operation, Rayleigh increasing can be effectively realized
Benefit accumulation, improves output signal strength, it is not necessary to carry out additional linewidth compression, have the advantages of simple structure and easy realization, be a kind of novel
Narrow linewidth light source.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 a are the structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 1 b are the structural schematic diagram of micro groove optical fiber；
Fig. 2 is the spectrogram that narrow-linewidth laser is exported in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
As illustrated in figs. 1A and ib, the present embodiment includes 1, wavelength division multiplexer 2, one of a 980nm pump laser
3,4, one sections of three port circulator variable optical attenuators of micro groove optical fiber 5, one of the Er-doped fiber that 2 meters to 10 meters of segment length
6,7,1*2 couplers 8 of fiber bragg grating that a centre wavelength is 1548.839nm；
The method of specific implementation narrow-linewidth laser output includes the following steps：
(1) the micro groove optical fiber 5 for realizing super-narrow line width optical fiber laser is selected, the micro groove optical fiber is by common single
Mode fiber 9 is made through femtosecond laser parallel micromachining, with femtosecond laser in two 6~7 microns of depths of single mode optical fiber surface inscription
Symmetrical grooves 5-1 forms 20~22 pairs of micro groove areas by repeatedly inscribing operation on general single mode fiber.The micro groove
In intelligent acess laser, the cavity length of laser is made to be equal to or more than 100m, multiple dimples on general single mode fiber
Slot area can effectively inhibit Brillouin scattering, meet Rayleigh scattering and largely accumulate, and realize laser linewidth compression effectiveness.
The axial length in single micro groove area is 1.5~2cm, and each micro groove area 5-1 is spaced set, adjacent two pairs
Interval (see range shown in M is marked in Fig. 1 b) 4.5~6m between the axial centre in micro groove area.Minimum in micro groove area 5-1
The ratio of the outer diameter of diameter and general single mode fiber is 24:25~18:Between 25.
(2) it selects an output power for the 980nm pump lasers 1 of 100mW, selects a 980nm/1550nm wavelength-division
Multiplexer 2 selects the Er-doped fiber 3 of 5 meters to 12 meters of a segment length, selects a three port circulators 4, selection one can darkening
Attenuator 6 selects a fiber bragg grating 7, selects the ends a 1*2 coupler 8.
(3) port of 980nm pump lasers 1 is connect with the 1st fiber port of wavelength division multiplexer 2, wavelength division multiplexer 2
The 2nd port connect with one end optical fiber of Er-doped fiber 3；1st port of the other end of Er-doped fiber 3 and three port circulators 4
Optical fiber connects, and the 2nd port of three port circulators 4 connect with one end optical fiber of micro groove optical fiber 5, micro groove optical fiber 5 it is another
End optical fiber is connect with variable optical attenuator 6,6 other end of variable optical attenuator and the optical fiber Bradley that centre wavelength is 1548.839nm
One end optical fiber connection of lattice grating 7；3rd port of three port circulators 4 is connect with the input end fiber of the ends 1*2 coupler 8,1*
First output end of 2 end couplers 8 is connect with the 3rd fiber port of wavelength division multiplexer 2, the 2nd output end of the ends 1*2 coupler 8
Output end as narrow-linewidth laser.
(4) 980nm pump lasers 1 are opened, the 980nm laser of output enters Er-doped fiber 3 by wavelength division multiplexer 2,
Er-doped fiber 3 absorbs 980nm laser, to provide a wideband light source；The 2nd end that wideband light source passes through three port circulators 4
Mouth injection micro groove optical fiber 5, variable optical attenuator 6 and centre wavelength are the fiber bragg grating 7 of 1548.839nm, three ports
3rd port of circulator and the 3rd port of the ends 1*2 coupler 8, wavelength division multiplexer 2 form complete loop laser chamber.Middle cardiac wave
The fiber bragg grating 7 and variable optical attenuator 6 of a length of 1548.839nm be micro groove optical fiber 5 provide one it is very faint
Seed light, the fiber bragg grating 7 that centre wavelength is 1548.839nm are wavelength selective elements, and variable optical attenuator 6 is to kind
The intensity of sub-light is controlled, in case the backward Rayleigh signal of narrow linewidth is submerged, to increase the general of back scattering generation
The Rayleigh scattering light of rate, narrow linewidth recycles in annular chamber, ultimately forms laser concussion, from the 2nd output of the ends 1*2 coupler 8
End exports the laser signal of narrow linewidth, high intensity outward.Fig. 2 is the spectrogram that narrow-linewidth laser is exported in the embodiment of the present invention.
It exports laser linewidth and is less than 10kHz.
The present invention is using fiber grating as wavelength selecting device, using Er-doped fiber as gain media, using micro groove light
Fibre realizes the linewidth compression of laser, realizes narrow-linewidth laser output.It is the configuration of the present invention is simple, of low cost, it can be applied to point
The fields such as cloth optical fiber vibration sensing, gas detection, environmental monitoring, scientific research.
Claims (2)
1. the narrow-linewidth laser output method based on micro groove optical fiber, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：
Step (1) makes micro groove optical fiber, specifically uses femtosecond laser in two 6~7 microns of depths of single mode optical fiber surface inscription
Symmetrical grooves form multipair micro groove area by repeatedly inscribing operation on single mode optical fiber；The micro groove intelligent acess laser
In device, the cavity length of laser is made to be equal to or more than 100m；
Step (2) selects the 980nm pump lasers that an output power is more than 100mW, a realization 980nm laser and 1.5
The wavelength division multiplexer of mum laser coupling, the Er-doped fiber of 2 meters to 10 meters of a segment length, a three port circulators, one section micro-
Groove optical fiber, a variable optical attenuator, a centre wavelength are λ0Fiber bragg grating, a 1*2 coupler；
Step (3) connects the 1st fiber port of the port of pump laser and wavelength division multiplexer, the 2nd end of wavelength division multiplexer
Mouth is connect with one end optical fiber of Er-doped fiber；The other end of Er-doped fiber is connect with the 1st fiber port of three port circulators, and three
2nd port of port circulator is connect with one end optical fiber of micro groove optical fiber, the other end optical fiber of micro groove optical fiber with can darkening
Attenuator connects, and the variable optical attenuator other end is λ with centre wavelength0Fiber bragg grating the connection of one end optical fiber；Three
3rd port of port circulator is connect with the input end fiber of the ends 1*2 coupler, the first output end wave of the ends 1*2 coupler with
3rd fiber port of division multiplexer connects, the output end of the 2nd output end of the ends 1*2 coupler as narrow-linewidth laser；
Step (4) opens 980nm pump lasers, and the 980nm laser of output enters Er-doped fiber, er-doped by wavelength division multiplexer
Fiber absorption 980nm laser, to provide a wideband light source；Wideband light source injects micro groove light by three port circulators
Fine, variable optical attenuator and centre wavelength are λ0Fiber bragg grating, the 3rd port of three port circulators and the ends 1*2 coupling
Clutch, wavelength division multiplexer the 3rd port form complete loop laser chamber；Centre wavelength is λ0Fiber bragg grating and can
Light attenuator provides a seed light, centre wavelength λ for micro groove optical fiber0Fiber bragg grating be also wavelength selection
Element, variable optical attenuator control the intensity of seed light, in case the backward Rayleigh scattering signal of narrow linewidth is submerged,
To increase the probability of back scattering generation, the Rayleigh scattering light of narrow linewidth recycles in annular chamber, ultimately forms laser concussion,
The laser signal of output narrow linewidth, high intensity outward.
2. the narrow-linewidth laser output method according to claim 1 based on micro groove optical fiber, it is characterised in that：Step
(1) in the axial length of single groove area be 1.8~2cm, the 4.5~6m of axial centre interval in two neighboring micro groove area, it is micro-
The minimum diameter of groove area and the outer diameter numeric ratio of single mode optical fiber are 24:25~18:25.
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| CN107870392A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-03 | 福州高意光学有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of fiber coupler |
| CN113655464B (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-09-29 | 浙江师范大学 | Method for improving spatial resolution of sham imaging laser radar |
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| CN103149628A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-06-12 | 重庆大学 | Micro-tapered fiber for producing ultra-narrow linewidth fiber laser, and laser |
| US8885678B1 (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2014-11-11 | Redfern Integrated Optics, Inc. | Ultra-low frequency noise external cavity semiconductor laser with integrated waveguide grating and modulation section electronically stabilized by dual frequency feedback control circuitry |
| CN105244739A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-01-13 | 重庆大学 | Ultra-narrow linewidth optical fiber laser |
| CN105334566A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-02-17 | 重庆理工大学 | Dotted groove type optical fiber cladding surface Bragg raster |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP3898042B2 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2007-03-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Semiconductor laser device and optical amplification device |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8885678B1 (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2014-11-11 | Redfern Integrated Optics, Inc. | Ultra-low frequency noise external cavity semiconductor laser with integrated waveguide grating and modulation section electronically stabilized by dual frequency feedback control circuitry |
| CN103149628A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-06-12 | 重庆大学 | Micro-tapered fiber for producing ultra-narrow linewidth fiber laser, and laser |
| CN105244739A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-01-13 | 重庆大学 | Ultra-narrow linewidth optical fiber laser |
| CN105334566A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-02-17 | 重庆理工大学 | Dotted groove type optical fiber cladding surface Bragg raster |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| Tao Zhu等."Tunable dual-wavelength fiber laser with ultranarrow linewidth based on rayleigh backsattering".《OPTICS EXPRESS》.2016, * |
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