CN112706315A - 对转子叶片的回收 - Google Patents

对转子叶片的回收 Download PDF

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CN112706315A
CN112706315A CN202011157963.4A CN202011157963A CN112706315A CN 112706315 A CN112706315 A CN 112706315A CN 202011157963 A CN202011157963 A CN 202011157963A CN 112706315 A CN112706315 A CN 112706315A
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rotor blade
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罗兰·施特
张翠梅
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/30Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B17/0412Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to large particles, e.g. beads, granules, flakes, slices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/40Arrangements or methods specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B2017/001Pretreating the materials before recovery
    • B29B2017/0015Washing, rinsing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B2017/001Pretreating the materials before recovery
    • B29B2017/0021Dividing in large parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0217Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0268Separation of metals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • B29B2017/042Mixing disintegrated particles or powders with other materials, e.g. with virgin materials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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Abstract

本发明涉及对转子叶片的回收,特别是用于回收转子叶片(1)的方法,其中,在拆卸转子叶片(1)之后在现场进行的是:a.要么将转子叶片(1)切割成能用标准载重车辆运输的转子叶片部分并且将转子叶片部分运至到预处理设施,在那里根据强度特性进行对转子叶片部分的进一步分解,b.要么沿翼梁帽/翼梁轨道系统切割转子叶片,作为用于根据强度特性分解转子叶片部分的立时措施,随后分别进行的是,c.将主要包含纤维和/或芯材的转子叶片部分破碎,并且d.将转子叶片部分挤压成模制件。此外,本发明还涉及面板(6),其由经破碎的转子叶片材料的层(7、8)在添加树脂并使用压力和热的情况下制成。

Description

对转子叶片的回收
技术领域
本发明涉及对风力发电设施的转子叶片的回收。
背景技术
目前,全球有超过100000台风力发电设施在工作。此类设施的经计算的使用寿命为20至25年,从而在未来十年中将必须回收约150000至250000吨的转子叶片材料。转子叶片虽然通常看上去完好无损,但是由于老化,它们不再具有必要的机械的材料特性。转子叶片涉及复杂的树脂混合物(环氧树脂、聚酯树脂)、增强纤维(玻璃纤维和/或碳纤维)、芯材(PVC、PET、木材)以及嵌入式的金属结构。
由CN 108 097 706 A所公知的是,通过如下方式来回收经纤维增强的塑料,即,将该经纤维增强的塑料破碎成窄条并经成型轧制以形成新的纤维复合材料。但是,这只是转子叶片回收计划的一小部分。
另一种方法在于,将旧风轮的由GFK(玻璃纤维增强板材)构成的转子叶片破碎,并将其与造纸时的残留物混合。然后,可以将该产品在水泥厂中用作替代燃料。该解决方案紧要的是,物料被燃烧和销毁,这些物料实际上可以更有意义地用于其他目的并且/或者造成污染排放。
发明内容
本发明的任务是,提出一种用于回收转子叶片的方法,该方法适合于替代市场上的产品,并因此取消由新材料生产这些产品。
该任务利用方法权利要求1的特征来解决。权利要求10涉及产品。有利的设计方案是从属权利要求的主题。
根据本发明的方法设置的是,在拆卸转子叶片之后在现场进行的是:
a)要么将转子叶片切割成能用标准载重车辆运输的转子叶片部分并且然后将其运至到预处理设施,在那里根据强度特性进行对转子叶片部分的进一步分解,
b)要么沿翼梁帽/翼梁轨道系统切割转子叶片,作为用于根据强度特性分解转子叶片部分的立时措施,
随后分别进行的是,
c)将主要包含纤维和/或芯材的转子叶片部分破碎,并且
d)将它们挤压成模制件。
所提到的翼梁帽/翼梁轨道系统也可以被称为翼缘/接片系统。翼梁或翼缘位于转子叶片的抽吸侧和压挤侧,并且通过接片彼此连接。
根据本发明的方法与具体的现场条件相匹配并且考虑到有效的运输。当然,也能够如下这样地截短在处理步骤b)中获得的转子叶片部分,使得它们能够用标准载重车辆运输。
在该方法的有利的设计方案中,在拆卸转子叶片之后,将尖部和/或根部去除,这是因为它们尤其包含经层压的金属部分,金属部分将使破碎变得昂贵,甚至是不可能的。相反地,可以将这些部分输送给分开进行的另外的处理。
该方法的另外的设计方案设置的是,在破碎之前对转子叶片部分进行清洁,这是因为转子叶片部分尚具有较大的扁平的区段,这些区段与经破碎的材料相比能被更有效地清洁。
在该方法的范围内,根据强度特性的对转子叶片材料的另外区分(这不是必须是100%的)设置的是,将主要包含单向纤维的转子叶片部分与具有多轴取向的纤维的转子叶片部分分开地破碎。因此提供了两种强度不同的原材料,这些原材料能有针对性地被用于构建建筑材料结构。
因此例如也可以制造模制件,尤其是面板,该面板的外层具有经破碎形式的基本上是单向的纤维,而内层由经破碎的具有多轴取向纤维的转子叶片部分构成。因此,在添加树脂的情况下经加热和加压地制成面板。
对这类面板的制造优选在模具中制成,从而取消了对边沿的裁切,因此没有再次剩下转子叶片材料。
附图说明
在实施例中将参考附图阐述本发明。其中:
图1示出对转子叶片的分解;并且
图2示出面板。
具体实施方式
图1示出了对转子叶片的分解以便获得能进一步处理的转子叶片材料的示例。
除了去除尖部和根部(切口x、y)外,还沿着翼梁帽/翼梁轨道系统在转子叶片纵向方向上实施了另外七个步骤za~zg。步骤zg在此大约在转子叶片1的外壳胶合部的区域中将前边缘分离。
另外,实施了四个步骤ua~ue,以用于将翼梁帽4与翼梁接片5分离。
如果如此获得的区段对于用标准载重车辆运输来说仍然太长,则截短相应的区段。
图2中示出了面板6,其能在添加树脂的情况下在模具中在使用压力和热的情况下制成。对于两个外层7来说,使用经破碎的包含单向玻璃纤维的转子叶片材料,而中间层8包含具有多轴玻璃纤维和/或芯材的转子叶片材料。所提到的纤维材料在各自的层中占主导地位,因此不排除也少量存在其他纤维。
在模具中进行挤压。由此没有剩下不可用的区段。
附图标记列表
1 转子叶片
2 根部
3 尖部
4 翼梁帽
5 翼梁接片
6 面板
7 外层
8 内层
x 切口
y 切口
z 切口
u 切口

Claims (12)

1.用于回收转子叶片(1)的方法,其中,在拆卸所述转子叶片(1)之后在现场进行的是:
a.要么将所述转子叶片(1)切割成能用标准载重车辆运输的转子叶片部分并且将所述转子叶片部分运至到预处理设施,在那里根据强度特性进行对所述转子叶片部分的进一步分解,
b.要么沿翼梁帽/翼梁轨道系统切割转子叶片,作为用于根据强度特性分解转子叶片部分的立时措施,
随后分别进行的是,
c.将主要包含纤维和/或芯材的转子叶片部分破碎,并且
d.将所述转子叶片部分挤压成模制件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
如下这样地截短在方法步骤1b.中所获得的转子叶片部分,使得能够用标准载重车辆运输。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,
在所述转子叶片(1)被拆卸之后,将尖部和/或根部去除,这是因为所述尖部和/或根部尤其包含经层压的金属部分,将所述尖部和/或根部输送给分开进行的另外的处理。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,
在破碎之前对所述转子叶片部分进行清洁,这是因为所述转子叶片部分尚具有与经破碎的材料相比能被更有效地清洁的较大的扁平的区段。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,
将主要包含单向纤维的转子叶片部分与具有多轴取向的纤维的转子叶片部分分开地进行破碎。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述模制件是面板(6),所述面板优选是多层的,通过添加树脂,加热和加压制成所述面板。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,
将经破碎的具有的强度最高的转子叶片材料用作所述面板(6)的外层(7)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,
两个外层(7)或所述外层(7)包含单向玻璃纤维。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,
对于所述面板(6)的中间层(8)来说,使用经破碎的包含多轴玻璃纤维和/或芯材的转子叶片材料。
10.由经破碎的转子叶片材料的层(7、8)在添加树脂并使用压力和热的情况下制成的面板(6)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的面板(6),其特征在于,
对于所述面板(6)的外层(7)或两个外层(7)来说,使用经破碎的包含单向玻璃纤维的转子叶片材料。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的面板,其特征在于,
中间层(8)包含经破碎的具有多轴玻璃纤维和/或芯材的转子叶片材料。
CN202011157963.4A 2019-10-25 2020-10-26 对转子叶片的回收 Pending CN112706315A (zh)

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