CN112691675A - 一种GO和Fe3+掺杂的ZnO可见光催化剂织物 - Google Patents
一种GO和Fe3+掺杂的ZnO可见光催化剂织物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种GO和Fe3+掺杂的ZnO可见光催化剂织物,制备方法为:先分别制备GO(氧化石墨烯)溶胶和掺杂了Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶,然后将它们按比例混合并将处理好的织物载体浸渍于其中,再采用超声法使复合前驱体在织物上负载,最后通过高温烘焙使复合体在织物上转型并固化,即得到掺杂GO和Fe3+的ZnO可见光催化剂织物。同时,也将掺杂了GO和Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶通过高温烘焙制成相应的粉体催化剂,供性能检测使用。该产品用于废水和废气净化,主要特征为:复合催化剂在涤棉织物上的负载率为10~15%;织物在模拟日光氙灯照射下对亚甲基兰溶液的脱色率大于88%,重复15次使用后的脱色率仍为84%;粉体复合催化剂的结构为六方纤维锌矿型,其粒径为6.5~8.5nm,对可见光的吸收波长可扩展至610nm,能响应可见光实施光催化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合ZnO可见光催化剂织物及制备,属于催化化学领域和污染防治领域。
技术背景
以半导体材料为核心的光催化治理污染技术是新型的绿色环保技术,具有处理污染物和灭菌的种类多(广谱)、效率高、无二次污染、操作简便等优点,已受到越来越多关注,其中以改性的TiO2作为光催化剂及其应用报道最多,但是还存在一些困扰该技术应用的难题,主要是光催化效率不高,如何利用太阳光或可见光作为光源,光催化剂的固定技术和载体的选择等。
ZnO也是一种半导体光催化材料,其优点是在紫外光下的光催化活性高、化学性质稳定、无毒、比常用的TiO2更价廉等。但缺点也很明显:纯ZnO的禁带宽度为3.2ev,只能波长小于380nm的紫外光,不能利用可见光和太阳光进行光催化;纯ZnO光照产生的光生电子和空穴易复合,使降解污染物的氧化-还原能力大打折扣,治污效果差;ZnO催化剂实际使用时的固定技术有待解决。
针对光催化效率低和不能利用可见光的难题,国内外近年来已采取了多种措施对ZnO进行掺杂处理,包括:金属掺杂(如Cu、Ag等),非金属掺杂(如S、 N、C等),金属与金属共掺杂(如Fe-Ni、La3+和Al3+等),非金属与非金属共掺杂(如g-C3N4)等,金属与非金属共掺杂(如AgBr,KBr等),金属氧化物掺杂(如CuO,TiO2等),以及多元素掺杂(如N,S,C等)。通过掺杂能够扩宽ZnO 对可见光的响应范围,降低光生电子与空穴的复合几率,减小ZnO的粒径,提高ZnO的比表面积,从而提高ZnO的光催化活性,但目前尚处于理论及试验研究阶段。
有关半导体光催化剂的固定技术和所用载体的报道大都是针对TiO2的,有溶胶-凝胶法、水解沉淀法、偶联法、离子交换法、微乳液法、粉体烧结法等,其中的溶胶-凝胶法因为工艺简单、便于调控、光催化活性高等优点使用最广泛;所用载体材料有塑料、玻璃、陶瓷、金属、沸石、膨润土、活性炭、纺织纤维等,其中有的固定性差,有的成本较高。
有关ZnO催化剂的固定技术和所用载体的报道则很少,尚有待深入研究,特别需要重视开发能实际应用于污染治理的技术和产品。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:旨在提供一种GO和Fe3+掺杂的ZnO可见光催化剂织物及制备方法,使该材料的光催化功能既能保持ZnO价廉、无毒的特点,又能使它具有能够响应可见光和太阳光实施光催化降解污染物优点,还能够使催化剂牢固地负载在涤棉载体上,使之方便地在污染治理中得到应用。
本发明的技术方案是:
1、制备GO(氧化石墨烯)乙醇溶胶:以鳞片石墨粉为原料,先在低温条件下加入浓硫酸使石墨层形成层间化合物,然后加入强氧化剂如KMnO4K、NaNO3等,使石墨烯氧化,再经过中温和高温并加入H2O2以去除过量的氧化剂,过滤,使得到的氧化石墨用稀盐酸和水洗至中性,取湿氧化石墨加入乙醇用超声剥离即得到 GO乙醇溶胶。
2、制备掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶:先配制二水乙酸锌的乙二醇溶液,搅拌状态下用氢氧化钠乙醇溶液调节pH为9~11,缓慢加入九水硝酸铁乙醇溶液,再置于85~95℃水浴中,得到Fe3+掺杂的ZnO前驱体溶胶。
3、将GO溶胶和掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶混合:在快速搅拌下,将掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶缓慢滴入GO乙醇溶胶中,滴毕后继续搅拌2~6h使其充分混合。
4、织物载体预处理:将纯棉布或涤棉布织物剪成一定的尺寸,再用一定浓度NaOH,或Na2CO3、或合成洗涤剂配成热水洗涤液浸泡、洗涤,然后用清水漂洗,并在100~120℃下烘干。
5、掺杂GO和Fe3+的ZnO前驱体在织物上的负载:将预处理后的织物浸渍于制得的掺杂GO和Fe3+的ZnO前驱体混合溶胶中,采用超声处理使溶胶物在织物上负载,然后用程序升温法焙烘,使掺杂GO和Fe3+的ZnO前驱体转型并在织物上固化,其中GO被部分还原,ZnO前驱体转变为ZnO。
6、制备掺杂了GO和Fe3+的ZnO可见光粉体催化剂:取一定量上述制备的掺杂GO和Fe3+ZnO混合溶胶置于鼓风烘箱中高温下焙烘,使之转型,冷却后研磨,样品供测试理化性能用。
本专利的有益效果:本发明在严格控制原料的配比、制备工艺和焙烘制度等条件下,制得了GO和Fe3+掺杂的ZnO光催化剂,其有益效果为:①由于Fe3+和 GO的掺入,使ZnO对光的吸收从波长小于380nm的紫外光扩展到波长大于390nm 的可见光,直至620nm红色光,几乎涵盖了紫、蓝、黄、橙的全部可见光,扩大了光的使用范围;②由于GO掺入和部分被还原,大大减少了催化剂产生的光生电子和光生空穴复合,使光催化降解污染物的效率得到大幅度提高;③采用的创新技术能使催化剂在织物上负载牢固,得到的催化材料在治理废水、废气中使用方便;④该新材料的原料易得,制作比较方便,成本低,便于推广。因此,本发明将能促进利用太阳治理废气和废水,将会带来良好的经济和社会效益。
具体实施方式
1、制备GO乙醇溶胶:将三口烧瓶置于冰浴,在搅拌状态下依次加入浓 H2SO4、鳞片石墨粉、NaNO3和KMnO4,使H2SO4∶石墨粉∶NaNO3∶KMnO4的质量比= 42∶1∶0.5∶4;继续搅拌1h后将温度升至20~40℃并保持4~8h;再将温度升至90~95℃后加入100~150mL去离子水,在搅拌状态下滴加30%的H2O2使溶液颜色变为金黄色,过滤;产物用5%的HCl洗至用BaCl2检验无SO4 2-,再用蒸馏水洗至pH为中性,得到湿氧化石墨;取湿氧化石墨于200~500mL乙醇中,超声处理3~5h,使氧化石墨剥离成GO的乙醇溶胶,得到浓度为1~4‰的GO乙醇溶胶。
2、制备掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶:先配制10~15%二水乙酸锌的乙二醇溶液150~200mL,搅拌状态下用5%的氢氧化钠乙醇溶液调节pH为9~11,缓慢加入15~20%的九水硝酸铁乙醇溶液10~15mL,搅拌,再置于85~95℃水浴中1~ 3h,得到Fe3+掺杂的ZnO前驱体溶胶。
3、将GO溶胶和掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶混合:在快速搅拌下,将掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶缓慢滴入GO乙醇溶胶中,其掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶∶GO 乙醇溶胶的体积比=1∶1~1.5,滴毕后继续搅拌2~6h,得到掺杂GO和Fe3+的ZnO前驱体混合溶胶。
4、织物载体预处理:将纯棉布或涤棉布织物裁剪成条状并锁边,其尺寸为 150~250mm×15~25mm;用一定浓度NaOH,或Na2CO3、或合成洗涤剂、或其中 2种组合的热水洗涤液浸泡、洗涤,再用清水漂洗,以清除载体的污渍,并在100~ 120℃下烘干。
5、掺杂GO和Fe3+的ZnO前驱体在织物上的负载:将预处理后的织物浸渍于制得的掺杂GO和Fe3+的ZnO前驱体混合溶胶中,搅拌使织物充分浸润;再用超声处理4~10h,使溶胶物在织物上负载;取出织物挤压后置于烘箱中,采用程序升温法焙烘,使掺杂的GO和Fe3+的ZnO前驱体转型并在织物上固化,其中 GO被部分还原,ZnO前驱体转变为ZnO,即得到GO和Fe3+掺杂的ZnO可见光催化剂织物。
6、制备掺杂了GO和Fe3+的ZnO可见光粉体催化剂:取一定量的掺杂GO和 Fe3+ZnO混合溶胶置于鼓风烘箱中焙烘,温度至160~180℃,保持50~70min,冷却后研磨,样品供测试理化性能用。
7、物相和和催化性能表征:
(1)X衍射仪(XRD),鉴定不同结晶形和尺寸等。
(2)激光粒度仪,测定样品的粒径。
(3)紫外可见漫反射光谱仪(DRS),测定样品对光的吸收范围。
(4)称重法测定涤棉载体的负载百分数F:
式中:W0-负载前涤棉片重,Wt-负载后涤棉片重。
(5)亚甲基蓝(MB)光降解试验:采用NDC-7型旋转式光化学反应仪测定,中心的光源为300W氙灯,转盘上的多根试管为50mL具塞石英管,内放置MB溶液和光催化织物,仪器开启后转盘围绕光源旋转,使试管均匀接受光照,定时取样测定其吸光度,用以下公式计算MB溶液的脱色率R:
式中:A0-光照前MO溶液的吸光度,At-光照t时间后MO溶液的吸光度。
在完成一次试验后,再将涤棉织物载体置于新配置的亚甲基蓝溶液中做光解试验,求得脱色率...,如此重复多次,得到脱色率的变化,从而可看出催化剂的负载牢度。
实施例1:制备GO和Fe3+掺杂的ZnO可见光催化剂织物40件及组分相同的催化剂粉体,方法如下:
1、制备GO的乙醇溶胶:在置于冰浴中的三口烧瓶中在搅拌状态下依次加入23mL浓H2SO4、1.0g鳞片石墨粉、0.5g NaNO3和4.0g KMnO4,继续搅拌1h后将温度升至40℃并保持6h;再将温度升至90℃后加入120mL去离子水,在搅拌状态下逐滴加入H2O2使溶液颜色变为金黄色为止,过滤;产物用5%的HCl洗至用BaCl2检验无SO4 2-,再用蒸馏水洗至pH为中性,得到湿氧化石墨;取湿氧化石墨3.5g和乙醇500mL于锥形瓶中,超声处理4h,使氧化石墨剥离成GO的乙醇溶胶,测得浓度为3‰。
2、制备掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶:将22g二水乙酸锌溶于165mL乙二醇中,搅拌状态下用5%的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH为11,再缓慢加入17%的九水硝酸铁乙醇溶液10mL,搅拌2h,再置于85~95℃水浴中3h,得到Fe3+掺杂的ZnO前驱体溶胶。
3、将GO溶胶和掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶混合:在快速搅拌下,将上述制得的掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶缓慢滴入200mL已制备的浓度为3.5%的GO乙醇溶胶中,滴毕后继续搅拌4h,得到掺杂GO和Fe3+的ZnO前驱体混合溶胶。
4、织物载体预处理:将涤棉布织物裁剪成条状并锁边,其尺寸为200mm× 18mm;用5%合成洗涤剂热水液浸泡、洗涤,再用清水漂洗后于110℃烘干。
5、掺杂GO和Fe3+的ZnO前驱体在织物上的负载:将40片预处理后的涤棉织物浸渍于掺杂GO和Fe3+的ZnO前驱体混合溶胶中,搅拌,超声处理6h后取出织物挤压,再置于鼓风烘箱中采用程序升温法焙烘:自室温开始,升温速度为 1℃/min至达80℃,保持10min;再以1℃/min升温至130℃,保持20min;再以1℃/min升温至170℃,保持20min;冷却后即得到产品。
6、制备掺杂了GO和Fe3+的ZnO可见光粉体催化剂:取GO溶胶和掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体的混合溶胶180mL置于鼓风烘箱中焙烘,温度至170℃,保持60min,冷却后研磨,样品供测试理化性能用。
7、样品的物相表征和光催化性能测试结果:
(1)用X衍射仪(XRD)测定催化剂粉体,表明为六方纤维锌矿结构。
(2)激光粒度仪测定催化剂粉体,表明粒径为8nm。
(3)用紫外可见漫反射光谱仪(DRS)测定催化剂粉体,样品对光的强吸收范围超过510nm,边带扩展到610nm。
(4)用称重法测的涤棉载体对催化剂的负载百分数为12%。
(5)负载样对亚甲基兰水溶液的脱色率为88%,重复使用15次后脱色率为 84%,表明负载牢固。
实施例2:制备Fe3+掺杂的ZnO可见光催化剂织物40件及组分相同的催化剂粉体,方法如下:
除不制备GO的乙醇溶胶和不制备含GO的混合溶胶外,只是将涤棉载体置于掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶中,其余步骤均与上述实施例1相同。样品的性能测试结果:粉体催化剂的结构为六方纤维锌矿结构,粒径为7nm,对光的吸收边带扩展到520nm,负载样的催化剂负载率为13%,负载样对亚甲基兰水溶液的脱色率为 75%,重复使用15次后脱色率为70%,表明负载牢固。
结果表明,不掺杂GO的光催化剂对可见光的吸收范围、亚甲基蓝的脱色率有较大下降。
实施例3:制备GO掺杂的ZnO可见光催化剂织物40件及组分相同的催化剂粉体,方法如下:
除在制备掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶时不加九水硝酸铁乙醇溶液外,其余步骤均与上述实施例1相同。样品的性能测试结果:粉体催化剂的结构为六方纤维锌矿结构,粒径为7nm,对光的吸收边带扩展到500nm,负载样的催化剂负载率为13%,负载样对亚甲基兰水溶液的脱色率为78%,重复使用15次后脱色率为73%,表明负载牢固。
结果表明,不掺杂GO的光催化剂对可见光的吸收范围、亚甲基蓝的脱色率有较大下降。
实施例4:制备ZnO光催化剂织物40件及组分相同的催化剂粉体,方法如下:
除不制备GO的乙醇溶胶、在制备掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶时不加九水硝酸铁乙醇溶液外,只是将涤棉载体置于纯ZnO前驱体溶胶中,其余步骤均与上述实施例1相同。样品的性能测试结果:粉体催化剂的结构为六方纤维锌矿结构,粒径为7nm,对光的吸收边带扩展到380nm,负载样的催化剂负载率为15%,负载样对亚甲基兰水溶液的脱色率为21%,重复使用15次后脱色率为18%,表明负载牢固。
结果表明,不掺杂GO和Fe3+的光催化剂,即纯ZnO不能利用可见光,对亚甲基蓝的脱色率很低。
Claims (8)
1.一种GO和Fe3+掺杂的ZnO可见光催化剂织物,其特征是先分别制备GO(氧化石墨烯)溶胶和掺杂了Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶,然后将它们按比例混合并将处理好的织物载体浸渍于其中,再采用超声法使复合前驱体在织物上负载,最后通过高温烘焙使复合体在织物上转型并固化,即得到掺杂GO和Fe+3的ZnO可见光催化剂织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种GO和Fe3+掺杂的ZnO可见光催化剂织物,其特征是制备GO乙醇溶胶:将三口烧瓶置于冰浴,在搅拌状态下依次加入浓H2SO4、鳞片石墨粉、NaNO3和KMnO4,使H2SO4∶石墨粉∶NaNO3∶KMnO4的质量比=42∶1∶0.5∶4;继续搅拌1h后将温度升至20~40℃并保持4~8h;再将温度升至90~95℃后加入100~150mL去离子水,在搅拌状态下滴加30%的H2O2使溶液颜色变为金黄色,过滤;产物用5%的HCl洗至用BaCl2检验无SO4 2-,再用蒸馏水洗至pH为中性,得到湿氧化石墨;取湿氧化石墨于200~500mL乙醇中,超声处理3~5h,使之剥离成GO的乙醇溶胶,得到浓度为1~4‰的GO乙醇溶胶。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种GO和Fe3+掺杂的ZnO可见光催化剂织物,其特征是制备掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶:先配制10~15%二水乙酸锌的乙二醇溶液150~200mL,搅拌状态下用5%的氢氧化钠乙醇溶液调节pH为9~11,缓慢加入15~20%的九水硝酸铁乙醇溶液10~15mL,搅拌,再置于85~95℃水浴中1~3h,得到Fe3+掺杂的ZnO前驱体溶胶。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种GO和Fe3+掺杂的ZnO可见光催化剂织物,其特征是将GO溶胶和掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶混合:在快速搅拌下,将掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶缓慢滴入GO乙醇溶胶中,其掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶∶GO乙醇溶胶的体积比=1∶1~1.5,滴毕后继续搅拌2~6h,得到掺杂GO和Fe3+的ZnO前驱体混合溶胶。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种GO和Fe3+掺杂的ZnO可见光催化剂织物,其特征是作为载体织物的预处理:将纯棉布或涤棉布织物裁剪成条状并锁边,其尺寸为150~250mm×15~25mm;用一定浓度NaOH,或Na2CO3、或合成洗涤剂、或其中2种组合的热水洗涤液浸泡、洗涤,再用清水漂洗,以清除载体的污渍,并在100~120℃下烘干。
6.掺杂GO和Fe3+的ZnO前驱体在织物上的负载:将预处理后的织物浸渍于(权利要求4)制得的掺杂GO和Fe3+的ZnO前驱体混合溶胶中,搅拌使织物充分浸润;再超声处理4~10h,使溶胶物在织物上负载;取出织物挤压后置于鼓风烘箱中,采用程序升温法对织物焙烘,使掺杂的GO和Fe3+的ZnO前驱体转型并在织物上固化,其中GO被部分还原,ZnO前驱体转变为ZnO。
7.根据权利要求6所述将挤压后的湿负载织物采用程序升温法焙烘,其程序为:开始以1~2℃/min由室温升至80℃,保持10~30min;然后以1~2℃/min升至130℃,保持20~30min;最后以1~2℃/min升至160~180℃,保持20~30min,冷却。
8.根据权利要求4所述将GO溶胶和掺杂Fe3+的ZnO前驱体溶胶混合,其特征是制备掺杂GO和Fe3+的ZnO可见光粉体催化剂:取该混合溶胶置于鼓风烘箱中焙烘,温度至160~180℃下保持20~30min,冷却后研磨,得到的粉体催化剂,供测试理化性能用。
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CN115999605A (zh) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-04-25 | 达斯玛环境科技(北京)有限公司 | 氧化石墨烯改性光催化剂网布及其制备方法和应用 |
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