CN112673042B - 用于固化包含烷基化胺的环氧树脂的促进剂 - Google Patents
用于固化包含烷基化胺的环氧树脂的促进剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112673042B CN112673042B CN201980059354.4A CN201980059354A CN112673042B CN 112673042 B CN112673042 B CN 112673042B CN 201980059354 A CN201980059354 A CN 201980059354A CN 112673042 B CN112673042 B CN 112673042B
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- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
- C08G59/686—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/5006—Amines aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/5033—Amines aromatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/28—Nitrogen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/28—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K2003/287—Calcium, strontium or barium nitrates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明的主题是包含硝酸钙、至少一种环氧树脂和至少一种式(I)的胺的组合物。根据本发明的组合物能够实现具有良好可加工性的低排放环氧树脂涂料,所述涂料在湿冷条件下特别快速地固化而无雾浊相关的表面缺陷,并且在此过程中形成具有高机械品质和低黄变倾向的涂层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的领域是用于环氧树脂组合物的促进剂及其用途,特别是作为涂料的用途。
背景技术
基于环氧树脂的涂料广泛用于土木工程。其由液体树脂组分和固化剂组分组成,所述树脂组分和固化剂组分在施加之前混合,然后在约5至35℃范围内的环境温度下固化以形成高强度和稳定性的材料。这种环氧树脂涂料倾向于出现表面缺陷,例如浑浊、斑点、粗糙或粘性,也称为“雾浊”。雾浊是由于固化剂组分中包含的胺与空气中的二氧化碳(CO2)形成盐而引起的,特别在高空气湿度和低温下出现。特别是在对美学要求较高的涂料应用(例如地面覆层)中,出现与雾浊有关的表面缺陷极为不利,并且通常需要对有缺陷的区域甚至整个涂层进行费力的后处理或再涂。
借助于稀释剂可降低环氧树脂组合物的粘度,使其易于施加并良好润湿基材表面。同时,稀释剂还降低了雾浊的可能性。常规稀释剂(例如苯甲醇)是挥发性化合物(VOC或SVOC),在固化时不会嵌入聚合物基质中,因此会造成排放。对于消费者需求不断增长的低排放产品,因此只能使用少量稀释剂或完全不使用稀释剂。
为了减少雾浊并作为反应性稀释剂,可以在固化剂组分中使用如EP 2,151,461、EP 2,943,464、WO 2016/023839、EP 3,138,863或EP3,144,335中所述的烷基化胺。但是烷基化胺会导致固化变慢。为了促进,可以使用已知的用于低温固化环氧树脂组合物的促进剂,例如2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚或酸例如水杨酸。但是,特别是在低温下,最初24小时内的固化速度仍然不能令人满意。
EP 0,471,988、EP 0,697,426和EP 1,319,677描述了硝酸钙作为用于用胺固化环氧树脂的促进剂。但是,既不使用低温也不使用烷基化胺。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有良好可加工性的低排放环氧树脂涂料,所述涂料即使在湿冷条件下也能快速固化并且没有与雾浊有关的表面缺陷,并在此过程中形成具有低黄变倾向和高机械品质的涂层。
该目的通过如权利要求1所述的组合物来实现,所述组合物包含硝酸钙、至少一种环氧树脂和至少一种式(I)的胺。目前尚未记载过使用硝酸钙作为烷基化胺(例如N-苯甲基-1,2-乙二胺)的促进剂。出人意料的是,硝酸钙在湿冷条件下能够在最初的24小时内特别快速地固化,这对于具有烷基化氨基的式(I)的胺来说是特别需要的。涂层因此在短时间之后(通常在施加之后最初的24小时内)即可踩踏,并且可以进一步处理,例如再涂或密封。此外,即使在湿冷条件下也能形成具有高光泽度的美观表面。
所描述的组合物能够实现具有良好可加工性和较长适用期的低排放环氧树脂产品,所述产品可以快速固化并且立即可踩踏,特别是即使在湿冷条件下,并在此过程中形成具有高表面质量、低黄变倾向和高机械品质的材料。这种环氧树脂产品特别适合作为涂料,特别是用于地面的。
本发明的其它方面为其它独立权利要求的主题。本发明的特别优选的实施方案为从属权利要求的主题。
具体实施方式
本发明的主题是包含硝酸钙、至少一种环氧树脂和至少一种式(I)的胺的组合物,
(H2N)m-A-(NH-Y)n (I)
其中
m表示0或1,n表示1或2,并且(m+n)表示2,
A表示任选包含氮原子或环状部分或芳族部分并且具有2至10个碳原子的亚烷基,并且
Y表示具有1至20个碳原子的烷基、环烷基或芳烷基。
“伯氨基”表示结合至一个有机基团并且带有两个氢原子的氨基;“仲氨基”表示结合至两个有机基团(也可以共同成为环的一部分)并且带有一个氢原子的氨基;并且“叔氨基”表示结合至三个有机基团(其中两个或三个也可以成为一个或多个环的一部分)并且不带有氢原子的氨基。
“胺氢”表示伯氨基和仲氨基的氢原子。
“胺氢当量”表示包含一摩尔当量胺氢的胺或含胺组合物的质量。
以“聚/多”为首的物质名称,如多胺或聚环氧化物,表示形式上每分子包含两个或更多个在其名称中出现的官能团的物质。
“稀释剂”表示可溶于环氧树脂并且使其粘度降低的物质,所述物质在固化时不化学结合至环氧树脂聚合物。
“分子量”表示分子的摩尔质量(单位为克/摩尔)。“平均分子量”表示低聚物分子或聚合物分子的多分散性混合物的数均Mn,其通常通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)相对于聚苯乙烯标样确定。
“适用期”表示环氧树脂组合物的可加工性持续时间,即组分的混合与经混合组合物的施用之间最大可能的时间跨度,在所述时间跨度内组合物处于能充分流动状态并且可以润湿基材表面。
粘合剂的“开放时间”表示粘合剂的施用与待粘合部件的接合之间对于力锁合式(kraftschlüssig)连接而言最大可能的时间跨度。
“室温”表示23℃的温度。
硝酸钙Ca(NO3)2可以在组合物中以无水形式或四水合物形式存在或使用。硝酸钙也被称为硝酸的钙盐或钙硝石。其在环氧树脂与式(I)的胺的固化中作为组合物中的促进剂。
优选使用在室温下为液体的溶液形式的硝酸钙。
特别地,硝酸钙以水溶液或醇溶液的形式使用。合适的醇特别是甲醇、乙醇、异构丙醇或丁醇、苯甲醇、2-苯氧基乙醇、2-苄氧基乙醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇、二乙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇单乙醚、丙二醇、丙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单丁醚、丙二醇单苯醚、二丙二醇、二丙二醇单甲醚。
特别优选使用水溶液或乙醇溶液形式的硝酸钙。
最优选地,硝酸钙以水溶液形式存在或者以水溶液形式使用。
根据在所用溶剂中的溶解度,硝酸钙溶液优选具有10重量%至80重量%范围内的浓度。
硝酸钙水溶液优选具有30重量%至70重量%,特别是40重量%至70重量%范围内的浓度。
优选地,组合物包含一定量的硝酸钙,使得相对于每100重量份所有存在的具有伯氨基和/或仲氨基的胺,存在0.1至20,优选0.2至10,特别优选0.3至7,特别是0.5至5重量份的硝酸钙。
硝酸钙可以作为唯一的促进剂存在,或者可以与通常在环氧树脂组合物中使用的其它促进剂组合使用。
适合作为环氧树脂的特别是液体环氧树脂或包含两种或多种液体环氧树脂的混合物。
“液体环氧树脂”表示玻璃化转变温度低于25℃的工业聚环氧化物。
合适的液体环氧树脂以已知的方式获得,特别是通过相应烯烃的氧化或者通过表氯醇与相应多元醇、多酚或胺的反应获得。
合适的液体环氧树脂特别是芳族环氧树脂,特别是以下物质的缩水甘油醚:
-双酚-A、双酚-F或双酚-A/F,其中A表示丙酮并且F表示甲醛,其充当用于制备所述双酚的反应物。在双酚-F的情况下也可以存在特别是源自2,4'-或2,2'-羟基苯基甲烷的位置异构体。
-二羟基苯衍生物例如间苯二酚、对苯二酚或邻苯二酚;
-其它双酚或多酚例如双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-甲烷、2,2-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙烷(双酚-C)、双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)甲烷、2,2-双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基-3-叔丁基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丁烷(双酚-B)、3,3-双(4-羟基苯基)戊烷、3,4-双(4-羟基苯基)己烷、4,4-双(4-羟基苯基)庚烷、2,4-双(4-羟基苯基)-2-甲基丁烷、2,4-双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)-2-甲基丁烷、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)环己烷(双酚-Z)、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷(双酚-TMC)、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-1-苯基乙烷、1,4-双[2-(4-羟基苯基)-2-丙基]苯(双酚-P)、1,3-双[2-(4-羟基苯基)-2-丙基]苯(双酚-M)、4,4'-二羟基联苯(DOD)、4,4'-二羟基苯甲酮、双(2-羟基萘-1-基)甲烷、双(4-羟基萘-1-基)甲烷、1,5-二羟基萘、三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷、1,1,2,2-四(4-羟基苯基)乙烷、双(4-羟基苯基)醚或双(4-羟基苯基)砜;
-酚醛清漆,其特别是苯酚或甲酚与甲醛或聚甲醛或乙醛或巴豆醛或异丁醛或2-乙基己醛或苯甲醛或糠醛的缩合产物;
-芳族胺,例如苯胺、对甲苯胺、4-氨基苯酚、4,4'-亚甲基二苯基二胺、4,4'-亚甲基二苯基二-(N-甲基)胺、4,4'-[1,4-亚苯基-双(1-甲基亚乙基)]二苯胺(二苯胺-P)或4,4'-[1,3-亚苯基-双(1-甲基亚乙基)]二苯胺(二苯胺-M)。
其它合适的液体环氧树脂是脂族或脂环族的聚环氧化物,特别是-饱和或不饱和、支化或非支化、环状或开链的二官能、三官能或四官能的C2-至C30-醇的缩水甘油醚,特别是乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、辛二醇、聚丙二醇、二羟甲基环己烷、新戊二醇、二溴新戊二醇、蓖麻油、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、季戊四醇、山梨醇或甘油,或烷氧基化甘油或烷氧基化三羟甲基丙烷;
-氢化的双酚-A-、-F-或-A/F-液体树脂,或氢化的双酚-A、-F或-A/F的缩水甘油基化产物;
-酰胺或杂环含氮碱的N-缩水甘油基衍生物,例如三缩水甘油基氰脲酸酯或三缩水甘油基异氰脲酸酯,或表氯醇和乙内酰脲的反应产物。
-得自烯烃(例如特别是乙烯基环己烯、二环戊二烯、环己二烯、环十二烷二烯、环十二烷三烯、异戊二烯、1,5-己二烯、丁二烯、聚丁二烯或二乙烯基苯)的氧化的环氧树脂。
优选作为环氧树脂的是基于双酚的液体树脂,特别是双酚-A二缩水甘油醚和/或双酚-F-二缩水甘油醚,例如从Olin、Huntsman或Momentive市售获得的那些。这些液体树脂具有对于环氧树脂来说较低的粘度并且在固化状态下具有作为涂料的良好性质。其可以包含一定量的双酚A-固体树脂或酚醛清漆-缩水甘油醚。
组合物还包含至少一种式(I)的胺。
A优选表示选自以下的二价基团:1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚丙基、1,4-亚丁基、1,3-亚丁基、2-甲基-1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚戊基、1,5-亚戊基、2,2-二甲基-1,3-亚丙基、1,6-亚己基、2-甲基-1,5-亚戊基、1,7-亚庚基、1,8-亚辛基、2,5-二甲基-1,6-亚己基、1,9-亚壬基、2,2(4),4-三甲基-1,6-亚己基、1,10-亚癸基、1,11-亚十一碳基、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,5-亚戊基、1,12-亚十二碳基、1,2-亚环己基、1,3-亚环己基、1,4-亚环己基、(1,5,5-三甲基环己-1-基)甲烷-1,3、4(2)-甲基-1,3-亚环己基、1,3-亚环己基-双(亚甲基)、1,4-亚环己基-双(亚甲基)、1,3-亚苯基-双(亚甲基)、1,4-亚苯基-双(亚甲基)、3-氮杂-1,5-亚戊基、3,6-二氮杂-1,8-亚辛基、3,6,9-三氮杂-1,11-亚十一碳基、3-氮杂-1,6-亚己基和3,7-二氮杂-1,9-亚壬基。这些式(I)的胺在工业上特别容易获得。
其中优选的是1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、2-甲基-1,5-亚戊基、1,2-亚环己基、1,3-亚环己基、1,4-亚环己基、(1,5,5-三甲基环己-1-基)甲烷-1,3、4(2)-甲基-1,3-亚环己基、1,3-亚环己基-双(亚甲基)、1,4-亚环己基-双(亚甲基)、1,3-亚苯基-双(亚甲基)、1,4-亚苯基-双(亚甲基)、3-氮杂-1,5-亚戊基、3,6-二氮杂-1,8-亚辛基、3,6,9-三氮杂-1,11-亚十一碳基、3-氮杂-1,6-亚己基或3,7-二氮杂-1,9-亚壬基。
特别优选地,基团A不含氮原子。这样的组合物对雾浊效应的敏感性特别低。
特别地,A因此表示选自以下的二价基团:1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚丙基、1,4-亚丁基、1,3-亚丁基、2-甲基-1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚戊基、1,5-亚戊基、2,2-二甲基-1,3-亚丙基、1,6-亚己基、2-甲基-1,5-亚戊基、1,7-亚庚基、1,8-亚辛基、2,5-二甲基-1,6-亚己基、1,9-亚壬基、2,2(4),4-三甲基-1,6-亚己基、1,10-亚癸基、1,11-亚十一碳基、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,5-亚戊基、1,12-亚十二碳基、1,2-亚环己基、1,3-亚环己基、1,4-亚环己基、(1,5,5-三甲基环己-1-基)甲烷-1,3、4(2)-甲基-1,3-亚环己基、1,3-亚环己基-双(亚甲基)、1,4-亚环己基-双(亚甲基)、1,3-亚苯基-双(亚甲基)和1,4-亚苯基-双(亚甲基)。
非常特别优选地,A表示1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚环己基-双(亚甲基)或1,3-亚苯基-双(亚甲基)。这些式(I)的胺具有相对低的粘度,并且能够实现具有特别美观表面的涂层。
特别优选的是1,2-亚乙基。这些式(I)的胺具有特别低的粘度并且特别容易获得,并且能够实现特别快速的固化。
特别优选的还有1,2-亚丙基。这些式(I)的胺具有特别低的粘度,并且能够实现特别美观的表面。
优选地,Y表示己基、2-乙基己基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基或任选取代的1-苯基乙基、2-苯基乙基、苯甲基、萘基甲基、环己基甲基或2-环己基乙基。
特别优选地,Y表示选自2-乙基己基、2-苯基乙基、苯甲基、1-萘基甲基和环己基甲基的基团。这些式(I)的胺具有相对低的粘度,并且能够实现特别美观的表面。
非常特别优选地,Y表示苯甲基。这些式(I)的胺能够实现特别快速的固化和非常特别美观的表面。
式(I)的胺优选选自N-苯甲基-1,2-乙二胺、N,N′-二苯甲基-1,2-乙二胺、N-(1-萘甲基)-1,2-乙二胺、N-环己基甲基-1,2-乙二胺、N-苯甲基-1,2-丙二胺、N,N'-二苯甲基-1,2-丙二胺、N-苯甲基-1,3-双(氨基甲基)苯、N,N'-二苯甲基-1,3-双(氨基甲基)苯、N-(2-乙基己基)-1,3-双(氨基甲基)苯、N,N'-双(2-乙基己基)-1,3-双(氨基甲基)苯、N-(2-苯乙基)-1,3-双(氨基甲基)苯(苯乙烯化的1,3-双(氨基甲基)苯的成分,可从Mitsubishi GasChemical以240获得)、N-苯甲基二亚乙基三胺、N-苯甲基三亚乙基四胺、N1,N4-二苯甲基三亚乙基四胺、N-苯甲基四亚乙基五胺、N1,N5-二苯甲基四亚乙基五胺、N'-苯甲基-N-(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺、N"-苯甲基-N,N'-双(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺和N”,N”'-二苯甲基-N,N'-双(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺。
优选的是其中m和n各自表示1的式(I)的胺。这种式(I)的胺能够实现特别快速的固化。这种式(I)的胺任选还包含一定量的二烷基化胺,即m表示0且n表示2的式(I)的胺。在此,单烷基化胺(n和m各自表示1)和二烷基化胺(n表示2)之间的重量比优选为至少50/50,特别是至少65/35。
特别优选作为式(I)的胺的是N-苯甲基-1,2-乙二胺或N-苯甲基-1,2-丙二胺。
N-苯甲基-1,2-乙二胺任选包含一定量的N,N'-二苯甲基-1,2-乙二胺。N-苯甲基-1,2-丙二胺任选包含一定量的N,N'-二苯甲基-1,2-丙二胺。
最优选作为式(I)的胺的是N-苯甲基-1,2-乙二胺。以两种胺的总和计,其任选包含至多35重量%的N,N'-二苯甲基-1,2-乙二胺。由此能够实现特别快速的固化。
优选使用式(I)的胺作为来自至少一种式A(NH2)2的胺与至少一种烷基化剂的部分烷基化的反应混合物的成分。
烷基化优选为还原烷基化,其中使用醛或酮和氢作为烷基化剂。
还原烷基化优选在合适催化剂的存在下进行。优选作为催化剂的是碳负载的钯(Pd/C)、碳负载的铂(Pt/C)、Adams催化剂或雷尼镍,特别是碳负载的钯或雷尼镍。
当使用分子氢时,还原烷基化优选在压力装置中在5至150bar,特别是10至100bar的氢压下进行。这可以以间歇过程或优选以连续过程进行。
还原烷基化优选在40至120℃,特别是60至100℃范围内的温度下进行。
如果使用较小的挥发性二胺(例如特别是1,2-乙二胺或1,2-丙二胺),则其相对于醛或酮优选以化学计量过量使用,并且在烷基化之后从反应混合物中至少部分地除去(特别是通过汽提)未反应的二胺。如果希望的话,然后可以进一步纯化反应混合物,特别是通过蒸馏从单烷基化胺中至少部分地除去二烷基化胺。
式(I)的胺优选以一定量存在,使得相对于每摩尔环氧基团存在0.1至1.2,优选0.2至1,特别是0.2至0.8摩尔的来自式(I)胺的胺氢。如果相对于每摩尔环氧基团存在少于1摩尔的来自式(I)胺的胺氢,则优选存在对环氧基团有反应性的其它胺。
优选地,环氧树脂和式(I)的胺(其固化通过硝酸钙来促进)都不以水乳液的形式存在。特别地,包含至少一种环氧树脂、至少一种式(I)的胺和硝酸钙的反应混合物不是水基的。反应混合物优选包含小于5重量%,更优选小于1重量%的水。这样的反应混合物能够实现非常疏水且持久的材料。
除了硝酸钙、至少一种环氧树脂和至少一种式(I)的胺之外,所述组合物优选还包含至少一种其它成分,所述其它成分选自其它促进剂、反应性稀释剂、其它胺、稀释剂和填料。
环氧树脂组合物优选包含
-包含环氧树脂和任选至少一种反应性稀释剂的树脂组分,和
-包含式(I)的胺和任选其它胺的固化剂组分,
其中硝酸钙、其它促进剂和/或稀释剂可以作为树脂组分和/或固化剂组分的成分或者作为其它组分的成分存在。
优选作为其它促进剂的是酸或可水解成酸的化合物,特别是有机羧酸例如乙酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、2-硝基苯甲酸、乳酸、有机磺酸例如甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸或4-十二烷基苯磺酸、磺酸酯、其它有机或无机酸例如特别是磷酸,或上述酸和酸酯的混合物;还有叔胺例如特别是1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷、苯甲基二甲胺、α-甲基苯甲基二甲胺、三乙醇胺、二甲基氨基丙胺,咪唑例如特别是N-甲基咪唑、N-乙烯基咪唑或1,2-二甲基咪唑,所述叔胺的盐,季铵盐,特别是苯甲基三甲基氯化铵,脒例如特别是1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯,胍例如特别是1,1,3,3-四甲基胍,酚特别是双酚、酚树脂或具有叔氨基的曼尼希碱例如特别是2-(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚、2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚或由苯酚、甲醛和N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺形成的聚合物,亚磷酸酯如特别是二或三苯基亚磷酸酯,或具有巯基的化合物。
优选作为促进剂的是酸、叔胺或具有叔氨基的曼尼希碱。特别优选的是水杨酸或2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚。
所述组合物优选包含2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚,优选硝酸钙与2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚的重量比为0.1/1至5/1,特别是0.2/1至2/1的范围。
这种组合能够实现在冷热环境条件下都能快速固化成具有特别高的最终硬度的环氧树脂组合物。
优选作为反应性稀释剂的是含环氧基团的反应性稀释剂,特别是丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、己二醇二缩水甘油醚、三羟甲基丙烷二或三缩水甘油醚、苯基缩水甘油醚、甲酚缩水甘油醚、愈创木酚缩水甘油醚、4-甲氧基苯基缩水甘油醚、对正丁基苯基缩水甘油醚、对叔丁基苯基缩水甘油醚、4-壬基苯基缩水甘油醚、4-十二烷基苯基缩水甘油醚、腰果酚缩水甘油醚、苯甲基缩水甘油醚、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、丁基缩水甘油醚、己基缩水甘油醚、2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚或天然醇的缩水甘油醚,例如特别是C8-至C10-或C12-至C14-或C13-至C15-烷基缩水甘油醚。
优选作为其它胺的是具有至少2个,特别是至少3个胺氢的脂族、脂环族或芳脂族多胺,例如特别是2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺,1,3-戊二胺(DAMP),1,5-戊二胺,1,5-二氨基-2-甲基戊烷(MPMD),2-丁基-2-乙基-1,5-戊二胺(C11新二胺),1,6-己二胺,2,5-二甲基-1,6-己二胺,2,2(4),4-三甲基-1,6-己二胺(TMD),1,7-庚二胺,1,8-辛二胺,1,9-壬二胺,1,10-癸二胺,1,11-十一烷二胺,1,12-十二烷二胺,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-二氨基环己烷,1,3-双(氨基甲基)环己烷,1,4-双(氨基甲基)环己烷,双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷,双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷,双(4-氨基-3-乙基环己基)甲烷,双(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基环己基)甲烷,双(4-氨基-3-乙基-5-甲基环己基)甲烷,1-氨基-3-氨基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮二胺或IPDA),2(4)-甲基-1,3-二氨基环己烷,2,5(2,6)-双(氨基甲基)双环[2.2.1]庚烷(NBDA),3(4),8(9)-双(氨基甲基)三环[5.2.1.02,6]癸烷,1,4-二氨基-2,2,6-三甲基环己烷(TMCDA),1,8-薄荷烷二胺,3,9-双(3-氨基丙基)-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷,1,3-双(氨基甲基)苯(MXDA),1,4-双(氨基甲基)苯,双(2-氨基乙基)醚,3,6-二氧杂辛烷-1,8-二胺,4,7-二氧杂癸烷-1,10-二胺,4,7-二氧杂癸烷-2,9-二胺,4,9-二氧杂十二烷-1,12-二胺,5,8-二氧杂十二烷-3,10-二胺,4,7,10-三氧杂十三烷-1,13-二胺或这些二胺的更高级低聚物,双(3-氨基丙基)聚四氢呋喃或其它聚四氢呋喃二胺,通过1,4-二羟甲基环己烷的丙氧基化和随后的胺化而形成的含有脂环族醚基的二胺,特别可以RFD-270(来自Huntsman)获得,或聚氧化亚烷基二胺或三胺,特别是/>D-230、D-400、/>D-2000、/>EDR-104、/>EDR-148、/>EDR-176、/>T-403、/>T-3000、T-5000(全部来自Huntsman),或来自BASF或Nitroil的相应的胺,2-氨基乙基哌嗪,3-二甲基氨基丙胺(DMAPA),3-(3-(二甲基氨基)丙基氨基)丙胺(DMAPAPA),双(6-氨基己基)胺(BHMT),二亚乙基三胺(DETA),三亚乙基四胺(TETA),四亚乙基五胺(TEPA),五亚乙基六胺(PEHA)或线性聚乙烯胺的更高级的同系物,二亚丙基三胺(DPTA),N-(2-氨基乙基)-1,3-丙二胺(N3胺),N,N'-双(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺(N4-胺),N,N'-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,4-二氨基丁烷,N5-(3-氨基丙基)-2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺,N3-(3-氨基戊基)-1,3-戊二胺,N5-(3-氨基-1-乙基丙基)-2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺,N,N'-双(3-氨基-1-乙基丙基)-2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺,上述或其它多胺与环氧化物或环氧树脂的加合物,特别是与二环氧化物或单环氧化物的加合物,或聚酰胺基胺,特别是一元羧酸或多元羧酸或其酯或酸酐(特别是二聚脂肪酸)与化学计量过量使用的脂族、脂环族或芳族多胺(特别是聚亚烷基胺,例如DETA或TETA)的反应产物,或曼尼希碱,特别是酚醛胺,即酚(特别是腰果酚)与醛(特别是甲醛)和多胺的反应产物。
所述组合物优选包含至少一种选自如下的其它胺:TMD,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-二氨基环己烷,1,3-双(氨基甲基)环己烷,1,4-双(氨基甲基)环己烷,双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷,IPDA,2(4)-甲基-1,3-二氨基环己烷,MXDA,平均分子量Mn在200至500g/mol范围内的聚氧亚丙基二胺,DMAPAPA,BHMT,DETA,TETA,TEPA,PEHA,DPTA,N3-胺,N4-胺,这些多胺或其它多胺与单环氧化物或二环氧化物以及曼尼希碱的加合物。
其中优选的是TMD,1,3-双(氨基甲基)环己烷,IPDA,MXDA,BHMT,DETA,TETA,TEPA,PEHA,DPTA,N3-胺,N4-胺或其与单环氧化物或二环氧化物的加合物,特别是其与双酚-A或双酚-F二缩水甘油醚的加合物。额外使用这种胺能够实现特别高的硬度或特别高的玻璃化转变温度。
其中进一步优选的是DMAPAPA,特别是用在环氧树脂粘合剂中。由此获得特别高的强度和粘附力。
其中进一步优选的是MPMD或1,2-丙二胺与甲苯基缩水甘油醚(特别是邻甲苯基缩水甘油醚)的加合物。相对于甲苯基缩水甘油醚优选使用过量MPMD或1,2-丙二胺进行加合,并且在反应之后通过蒸馏除去未加合的胺。
所述组合物优选可以包含两种或更多种所提及的其它胺的组合。
特别优选作为其它胺的是IPDA。该胺是可广泛获得的,并且能够实现具有高硬度和高玻璃化转变温度的环氧树脂产品。
特别优选作为其它胺的还有TETA或TEPA或N4-胺。这些胺可广泛获得且廉价,并且能够实现具有特别快速的固化、高硬度和高玻璃化转变温度的环氧树脂产品。
所述组合物优选还可以包含两种或多种所述其它胺的组合。
所述其它胺优选以一定量使用,使得相对于每摩尔来自式(I)胺的胺氢,存在0.1至10,优选0.2至5摩尔的来自其它胺的胺氢。
适合作为稀释剂的特别是二甲苯、2-甲氧基乙醇、二甲氧基乙醇、2-乙氧基乙醇、2-丙氧基乙醇、2-异丙氧基乙醇、2-丁氧基乙醇、2-苯氧基乙醇、2-苄氧基乙醇、苯甲醇、乙二醇、乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、乙二醇二丁醚、乙二醇二苯醚、二乙二醇、二乙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单正丁醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二正丁醚、丙二醇丁醚、丙二醇苯醚、二丙二醇、二丙二醇单甲醚、二丙二醇二甲醚、二丙二醇二正丁醚、二苯甲烷、二异丙基萘,石油馏分例如-型(来自Exxon),烷基酚例如叔丁基酚、壬基酚、十二烷基酚、腰果酚(来自腰果壳油,包含作为主要成分的3-(8,11,14-十五碳三烯基)酚)、苯乙烯化的酚、双酚,芳族烃树脂,特别是含酚基型,烷氧基化的酚,特别是乙氧基化或丙氧基化的酚,特别是2-苯氧基乙醇,己二酸酯、癸二酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酯、苯甲酸酯、有机磷酸酯或磺酸酯或磺酰胺。
优选的是沸点大于200℃的稀释剂。
稀释剂优选选自苯甲醇、苯乙烯化酚、乙氧基化酚、含酚基的芳族烃树脂,特别是-型LS 500、LX 200、LA 300或LA 700(来自Rütgers),二异丙基萘和腰果酚。特别优选的是苯甲醇。
含酚基的稀释剂也表现出促进剂作用。
所述组合物优选仅包含较低含量的稀释剂。其优选包含少于25重量%,特别优选少于15重量%,特别是少于10重量%的稀释剂。这能够实现低排放或无排放的环氧树脂产品。
合适的填料特别是任选涂布有脂肪酸(特别是硬脂酸酯)的研磨碳酸钙或沉淀碳酸钙,重晶石(沉晶石),滑石,石英粉,石英砂,碳化硅,云母铁矿,白云石,硅灰石,高岭土,云母(钾-铝-硅酸盐),分子筛,氧化铝,氢氧化铝,氢氧化镁,二氧化硅,水泥,石膏,粉煤灰,炭黑,石墨,金属粉末例如铝、铜、铁、锌、银或钢,PVC-粉末或空心球。
优选的是碳酸钙、石英粉和石英砂。
所述组合物任选包含其它助剂和添加剂,特别是以下物质:
-反应性稀释剂,特别是上文已经提到的那些,或环氧化豆油或亚麻子油,具有乙酰乙酸酯基的化合物,特别是乙酰乙酸化的多元醇,丁内酯,碳酸盐,醛,异氰酸酯或具有反应性基团的硅酮;
-溶剂;
-其它胺,特别是单胺,例如特别是苯甲胺或糠胺,或芳族多胺例如特别是4,4'-、2,4'和/或2,2'-二氨基二苯基甲烷,2,4-和/或2,6-甲苯二胺,3,5-二甲基硫代-2,4-和/或-2,6-甲苯二胺,3,5-二乙基-2,4-和/或-2,6-甲苯二胺;
-具有巯基的化合物,特别是液体形式的硫醇封端的聚硫化物聚合物,硫醇封端的聚氧亚烷基醚,硫醇封端的聚氧亚烷基衍生物,硫代羧酸的聚酯,2,4,6-三巯基-1,3,5-三嗪,三乙二醇二硫醇或乙二硫醇;
-聚合物,特别是聚酰胺、聚硫化物、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛(PVF)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、聚氨酯(PUR)、具有羧基的聚合物、聚酰胺、丁二烯-丙烯腈-共聚物、苯乙烯-丙烯腈-共聚物、丁二烯-苯乙烯-共聚物、不饱和单体(特别选自乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、异丁烯、异戊二烯、乙酸乙烯酯或(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯)的均聚物或共聚物,特别是氯磺化的聚乙烯或含氟聚合物或磺酰胺改性的三聚氰胺;
-纤维,特别是玻璃纤维、碳纤维、金属纤维、陶瓷纤维或塑料纤维,例如聚酰胺纤维或聚乙烯纤维;
-颜料,特别是二氧化钛、氧化铁或氧化铬(I I I);
-流变改性剂,特别是增稠剂或抗沉降剂;
-助粘剂,特别是有机烷氧基硅烷;
-阻燃物质,特别是已经提及的填料氢氧化铝或氢氧化镁、三氧化锑、五氧化锑、硼酸(B(OH)3)、硼酸锌、磷酸锌、硼酸三聚氰胺、氰尿酸三聚氰胺、多磷酸铵、磷酸三聚氰胺、焦磷酸三聚氰胺、多溴化二苯基氧或二苯醚、磷酸酯例如特别是二苯基甲苯基磷酸酯、间苯二酚-双(磷酸二苯酯)、间苯二酚-二磷酸酯低聚物、四苯基间苯二酚二亚磷酸酯、乙二胺二磷酸酯、双酚-A-双(磷酸二苯酯)、三(氯乙基)磷酸酯、三(氯丙基)磷酸酯、三(二氯异丙基)磷酸酯,三[3-溴-2,2-双(溴甲基)丙基]磷酸酯、四溴-双酚-A、双酚A的双(2,3-二溴丙基醚)、溴化环氧树脂、亚乙基-双(四溴邻苯二甲酰亚胺)、亚乙基-双(二溴降莰烷二甲酰亚胺)、1,2-双-(三溴苯氧基)乙烷、三(2,3-二溴丙基)异氰脲酸酯、三溴苯酚、六溴环十二烷、双(六氯环戊二烯基)环辛烷或氯化石蜡;或
-添加剂,特别是分散的石蜡、成膜助剂、润湿剂、流平剂、消泡剂、脱气剂、抵抗氧化、热、光或紫外辐射的稳定剂或杀生物剂。
所述组合物优选包含其它助剂和添加剂,特别是颜料、润湿剂、流平剂和/或消泡剂。
在所述组合物中,对环氧基团有反应性的基团的数量与环氧基团的数量的比例优选在0.5至1.5,特别是0.7至1.2的范围内。
所述组合物中存在的伯氨基和仲氨基和任选存在的其它对环氧基团有反应性的基团通过其开环(加成反应)与环氧基团反应。所述反应的主要结果是所述组合物聚合并且因此固化。
所述组合物的树脂组分和固化剂组分储存在彼此分离的容器中。所述组合物的其它成分可以作为树脂组分或固化剂组分的成分存在,其中对环氧基团有反应性的其它成分优选为固化剂组分的成分。同样有可能的是,存在其它成分作为另一种单独的组分。用于储存树脂组分或固化剂组分的合适的容器特别是桶、瓶、袋、斗、罐、料盒或管。组分是可储存的,亦即其在使用之前可以保存数月至一年和更久,而不会在与其使用相关的程度上改变其各自性质。为了使用环氧树脂组合物,紧接着施加之前或者在施加过程中彼此混合所述组分。树脂组分和固化剂组分之间的混合比例优选这样选择,使得固化剂组分的对环氧基团有反应性的基团与树脂组分的环氧基团以合适比例存在,如上文所述的比例。以重量份计,树脂组分和固化剂组分之间的混合比例通常在1:10至10:1的范围内。
所述组分的混合通过合适方法进行;其可以连续或间歇式进行。如果混合不是紧接着施加之前进行,则必须注意的是:组分的混合和施加之间不能经过太久的时间并且在适用期内进行施加。混合特别在环境温度下进行,所述环境温度通常在约5至40℃,优选约10至35℃的范围内。
通过两种组分的混合开始通过化学反应而固化,如上文所述那样。固化通常在0至150℃范围内的温度下进行。优选地,固化在环境温度下进行并且通常持续数天至数周。持续时间主要取决于温度、成分的反应性及其化学计量比以及促进剂的存在。
在至少一个基材上施加组合物,其中如下物质是特别合适的:
-玻璃、玻璃陶瓷、混凝土、砂浆、水泥、纤维水泥、砖、瓦、石膏或天然石材例如花岗石或大理石;
-基于PCC(聚合物改性的水泥砂浆)或ECC(环氧树脂改性的水泥砂浆)的修复料或找平料;
-金属或合金,例如铝、铁、钢、铜、其它有色金属,包括经表面处理的金属或合金,例如镀锌或镀铬的金属
-柏油或沥青;
-皮革、织物、纸、木材、与树脂(例如酚树脂、三聚氰胺树脂或环氧树脂)结合的木质材料、树脂-织物复合材料或其它所谓的聚合物-复合物;
-塑料,例如硬质和软质PVC、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚酰胺、PMMA、ABS、SAN、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、PUR、POM、TPO、PE、PP、EPM或EPDM,各自未处理或例如经由等离子体、电晕或火焰进行表面处理;
-纤维增强的塑料,例如碳纤维增强的塑料(CFK)、玻璃纤维增强的塑料(GFK)和片状模塑复合物(SMC);
-特别是由EPS、XPS、PUR、PIR、石棉、玻璃棉或发泡玻璃(泡沫玻璃)制成的绝缘泡沫;
-经涂布或经涂漆的基材,特别是经涂漆瓷砖、经涂覆混凝土、经粉末涂布的金属或合金或经涂漆板材;
-涂料、颜料或漆,特别是被其它地面覆层覆盖的经涂布的地面。
在需要的情况下,基材可以在施加之前进行预处理,特别是通过物理和/或化学清洗方法或者通过施涂活化剂或底漆。
所描述的组合物固化之后获得经固化的组合物。
所述组合物有利地可用作涂料,底漆,粘合剂,密封剂,浇注料,浇铸树脂,或用作纤维复合材料(复合物)例如特别是CFK或GFK的基质。术语涂料还包括底涂剂,刷抹料,漆和密封料。
所述组合物优选用作涂料或粘合剂。
特别优选地,所述组合物用作涂料。涂料在此被理解为所有类型的平面施涂的覆层,特别是地面覆层、刷抹料、漆、密封料、底涂剂、底漆或保护涂料,特别是用于重度防腐蚀的那些。
所述组合物特别适合用作室内(例如办公室、工业车间、健身房或冷藏室)或室外(用于阳台、露台、屋顶停车场、桥梁或屋顶)的地面覆层或地面涂料,用作混凝土、水泥、金属、塑料或木材的保护涂料,例如用于木材结构、车辆、装料区、水槽、筒仓、竖井、管道、管线、机器或钢制结构,例如船舶、码头、海上平台、水闸、水力发电机、水利工程、游泳池、风力发电站、桥梁、烟囱、起吊设备或板桩墙的表面密封,或者作为预涂剂、粘附刷涂剂、防腐蚀底漆或用于使表面疏水化。
特别有利地,所述组合物用于具有环境认证标准(例如Emicode(EC1 Plus)、AgBB、DIBt、蓝天使、AFSSET、RTS(M1)和美国绿色建筑协会(LEED))的低排放涂料。
为了用作涂料,所述组合物有利地具有液体稠度和低粘度及良好的流平性能。通常在环境温度下,在适用期内将经混合组合物以层厚度为约50μm至约5mm的薄膜形式平面地施加至基材上。特别通过浇注至待涂布的基材上然后例如借助于刮刀或抹刀均匀分布从而进行施加。也可以通过刷子或辊子进行施加或者以喷涂形式进行施加,例如作为钢材上的防腐蚀涂层。在固化中通常形成具有高硬度的基本均匀有光泽且无粘性的薄膜,所述薄膜对于不同基材具有良好粘附性。
本发明的另一个主题是用于涂布的方法,包括如下步骤
(i)混合所述组合物的组分,
(ii)在适用期内将经混合组合物施加至基材上,
然后使经混合的组合物固化。
可以在完全固化或部分固化的组合物上施加其它涂层,其中所述其它层同样可以是环氧树脂组合物,也可以是不同材料,特别是聚氨酯涂料或聚脲涂料。
所述组合物还特别有利地用作粘合剂。当用作粘合剂时,组分混合之后其通常具有糊状稠度和结构粘性。在施加时,在适用期内将经混合粘合剂施涂在至少一个待粘合的基材上,并且在粘合剂的开放时间内将两个基材粘合接合。
特别通过刷子、辊子、刮刀、刮板、抹刀或从管、料盒或计量装置中施加或施涂经混合的粘合剂。
所述粘合剂特别适用于建筑业,特别是用于通过钢板或由碳纤维增强复合塑料(CFK)制成的板材对建筑物进行加固,用于包含粘结的混凝土预制件的建筑物(特别是桥梁或混凝土塔),例如用于风力发电站,竖井,管道或隧道的,或用于包含粘结的天然石材、陶瓷元件或由纤维水泥、钢、铸铁、铝、木材或聚酯制成的部件的建筑物,用于将木楔或钢筋锚固在钻孔中,用于固定例如扶手、栏杆或门框,用于修复,例如特别是在混凝土修缮过程中填充边缘、孔洞或接缝,或者用于将聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜、柔性化的聚烯烃膜或粘合改性的氯磺化聚乙烯膜/>粘贴在混凝土或钢材上。
其它应用领域涉及建筑业或制造业中的结构粘合,特别是作为砂浆粘合剂,安装合剂,加固粘合剂(例如特别是用于将CFK板或钢板粘合至混凝土、墙体或木材上),作为例如桥接元件的元件粘合剂,夹心元件粘合剂,立面元件粘合剂,增强粘合剂,车身粘合剂或风力涡轮机转子叶片的轴瓦粘合剂。
所述环氧树脂粘合剂同样适合填充腔体(例如裂缝、间隙或孔洞),其中将粘合剂填充或注入腔体并在固化之后充满腔体并且以力锁合方式使腔体的侧面彼此结合或粘合。
本发明的另一个主题是用于粘合的方法,包括如下步骤
(i)混合所述组合物的组分,
(ii)在适用期内将经混合的组合物
-在开放时间内施加到至少一个待粘合的基材上并且接合基材形成粘合,或者
-在开放时间内施加到多个基材之间的空腔或间隙中并且任选在所述空腔或间隙中插入锚固件,
然后使经混合的组合物固化。
“锚固件”在此特别表示铁质增强件,螺纹钢或螺栓。这样的锚固件特别被粘合入或锚固入墙体、墙壁、屋顶或地基中,使其一部分力锁合式粘合并且一部分露出并且可以结构负载。
可以粘合相同或不同的基材。
通过施加和固化所述组合物或者通过所述涂布方法或粘合方法获得用所述组合物涂布或粘合的制品。所述制品可以是建筑物或其一部分,特别是地上建筑或地下建筑的建筑物,办公室,工业车间,健身房,冷藏室,筒仓,桥梁,屋顶,楼梯间,阳台,露台或屋顶停车场,或者其也可以是工业用品或消耗用品,特别是码头,海上平台,水闸,起吊设备,板桩墙,管道或风力涡轮机的转子叶片,或者运输工具例如特别是汽车,卡车,火车,船舶,飞机或直升机,或其部件。
因此本发明的另一个主题是通过所述涂布方法或所述粘合方法获得的制品。
所述组合物的特征在于有利的性能。特别作为涂料,其具有容易且良好的可加工性,固化迅速并且立即可踩踏和/或可加工,特别是即使在湿冷条件下。由此特别形成具有高机械品质、美观表面和低黄变倾向的涂料。
实施例
下文描述实施例,所述实施例更详细地解释本发明。本发明当然不限于所描述的实施例。
“AHEW”表示胺氢当量。
“EEW”表示环氧化物当量。
“标准气候”(“NK”)表示23±1℃的温度和50±5%的相对空气湿度。
测量方法说明:
粘度在恒温锥板式粘度计Rheotec RC30(锥直径50mm,锥角1°,锥尖至板的距离0.05mm,剪切速度10s-1)上进行测量。
通过滴定确定胺值(使用乙酸中的0.1N HClO4,以结晶紫为指示剂)。
使用的物质和缩写
-264N(A) />-264N组分A(RAL 5005),环氧树脂地面涂料
的经填充着色的树脂组分,EEW 450g/Eq(来自Sika)
B-EDA N-苯甲基-1,2-乙二胺,如下所述制备,AHEW 50.1g/Eq
B-PDA N-苯甲基-1,2-丙二胺,如下所述制备,AHEW 54.8g/Eq
TETA 三亚乙基四胺,AHEW约28g/Eq(工业级,来自Huntsman)
加合物-1 1,2-丙二胺和工业级邻甲苯基缩水甘油醚的加合物,如下所
述制备,AHEW 90g/Eq
D-230 平均分子量约240g/mol的聚氧亚丙基二胺,AHEW 60g/Eq
(来自Huntsman)
硝酸钙溶液 硝酸钙四水合物的50重量%的水溶液
K54 2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚(来自Air Products)
N-苯甲基-1,2-乙二胺(B-EDA):
在圆底烧瓶中在氮气氛和室温下预置180.3g(3mol)1,2-乙二胺。伴随良好搅拌缓慢滴加106.0g(1mol)苯甲醛在1200ml异丙醇中的溶液然后再搅拌2小时。然后在80bar的氢压、80℃的温度和5ml/min的流量下在连续操作的具有Pd/C固体床催化剂的氢化装置中使反应混合物氢化。为了控制反应,通过红外光谱检测亚胺谱带是否在约1665cm-1处消失。之后在旋转蒸发器中在65℃下浓缩氢化溶液,其中除去未反应的1,2-乙二胺、水和异丙醇。获得的反应混合物为澄清的浅黄色液体,所述液体的胺值为678mg KOH/g。在80℃下在真空中蒸馏50g反应混合物,其中在60至65℃的蒸气温度和0.06mbar下收集31.3g蒸馏物。获得无色液体,所述液体在20℃下的粘度为8.3mPa·s,胺值为750mg KOH/g并且通过GC确定的纯度>97%。
N-苯甲基-1,2-丙二胺(B-PDA):
在圆底烧瓶中在氮气氛和室温下预置444.8g(6mol)1,2-丙二胺。伴随良好搅拌缓慢滴加212.2g(2mol)苯甲醛在1500ml异丙醇中的溶液然后再搅拌2小时。然后在90bar的氢压、85℃的温度和5ml/min的流量下在连续操作的具有Pd/C固体床催化剂的氢化装置中使反应混合物氢化。为了控制反应,通过红外光谱检测亚胺谱带是否在约1665cm-1处消失。之后在旋转蒸发器中在65℃下浓缩氢化溶液,其中除去未反应的1,2-丙二胺、异丙醇和水。获得澄清的浅黄色液体。在80℃下在真空中蒸馏300g反应混合物,其中在60至65℃的蒸气温度和0.08mbar下收集237.5g蒸馏物。获得胺值为682mg KOH/g的无色液体,其根据1H-NMR具有GC-纯度>97%的N1-苯甲基-1,2-丙二胺和N2-苯甲基-1,2-丙二胺的比例为约2/1的混合物。
加合物-1:
在氮气氛下预置4.15kg的1,2-丙二胺,加热至70℃然后伴随良好搅拌缓慢与2.93kgDY-K(工业级邻甲苯基缩水甘油醚,来自Huntsman)混合,其中反应混合物的温度为70至80℃。在80℃下1小时之后冷却反应混合物,并且通过薄膜蒸发器(0.5-1mbar,夹套温度115℃)以蒸馏的方式除去挥发性成分。
环氧树脂组合物的制备:
实施例1至17:
对于每个实施例,通过离心混合器(SpeedMixerTM DAC 150,FlackTek Inc.)以指定的量(重量份)混合表1至3中指定成分的固化剂组分,并且在排除水分的情况下保存。
以表1至3中指定的量(重量份)使用-264N组分A(蓝色)(来自Sika)作为树脂组分。
然后通过离心混合器将每种组合物的两种组分加工成均匀液体并且立即以如下方式检测:
混合10分钟之后测量20℃下的粘度(“粘度(10')”)。
为了根据DIN 53505确定肖氏D硬度,分别制备两个圆柱状试样(直径20mm,厚度5mm)。将一个试样储存在标准气候下并且测量1天和2天之后的硬度(1d NK或2d NK);将另一个试样储存在8℃和80%相对湿度下并且测量低温状态下1天和2天之后的硬度(1d 8°/80%或2d 8°/80%)。
在玻璃板上以500μm的层厚度施涂第一层膜并且在标准气候下储存或固化。在所述膜上在1天之后(“硬度(1d NK)”)、2天之后(“/>硬度(2d NK)”)、4天之后(“硬度(4d NK)”)、7天之后(“/>硬度(7d NK)”)和14天之后(“/>硬度(14dNK)”)确定/>硬度(/>摆撞硬度,根据DIN EN ISO 1522测量)。14天之后评估膜的外观(表中用“外观(NK)”表示)。“美观”表示具有光泽和非粘性表面而无结构的膜。“结构”在此表示表面上任何种类的标记或图案。“暗淡”表示具有非粘性表面、无结构并且光泽度较低的膜。
以500μm的层厚度在玻璃板上施涂第二层膜,并且紧接着施加之后在8℃和80%相对湿度下放置或固化7天,然后在标准气候下放置或固化2周。施加24小时之后在膜上放置聚丙烯瓶盖,在所述瓶盖下方放置潮湿海绵。再过24小时之后除去海绵和盖并且将其放置在膜的新位置处,在该新位置处24小时之后再度除去并且重新放置,总共4次。然后以与针对外观(NK)所述的相同方式评估膜的外观(在表中用“外观(8°/80%)”表示)。表中也分别给出由于潮湿海绵或放置的盖而在膜中产生的可见标记的数量和类型。“雾浊”表明白色斑点的数量。“环”表明施加24小时后放置的第一个盖下沉而形成的任何环形压痕的强度。这种环形压痕表明涂层尚不能踩踏。再次地,分别在8℃和80%相对湿度下在7天之后(“硬度(7d 8°/80%)”),然后在NK下再过2天之后(“/>硬度(+2d NK)”)或者在NK下再过7天之后(“/>硬度(+7d NK)”)或者在NK下再过14天之后(“/>硬度(+14d NK)”)确定经固化的膜的/>硬度。
作为黄变的量度,还在风化测试仪中确定负载之后的颜色变化。为此,在玻璃板上以500μm的层厚度施加另一个膜并且在标准气候下储存或固化2周,然后在Q-Sun XenonXe-1型风化测试仪中在340nm下在65℃的温度下负载72小时(Q-Sun(72h)),所述风化测试仪具有滤光器Q-SUN Daylight-Q和光强度为0.51W/m2的疝气灯。然后借助于来自Shenzen3NH Technology Co.LTD的色度计NH310确定经负载的膜相比于相应的未负载的膜的色差ΔΕ,所述色度计NH310设置有硅光电二极管检波器,光源A,色空间测量界面CIE L*a*b*C*H*。ΔΕ-值最高为5表示轻微黄变。
结果列于表1至3。
用“(Ref.)”表示的实施例为对比实施例。
表1:实施例1至6的组成和性质。
1溶解于B-EDA
表2:实施例7至12的组成和性质。
表3:实施例13至17的组成和性质。
“n.m.”表示“不可测量”(太软)。
Claims (13)
1.包含硝酸钙、至少一种环氧树脂和至少一种式(I)的胺的涂料组合物,
(H2N)m-A-(NH-Y)n (I)
其中
m表示0或1,n表示1或2,并且(m+n)表示2,
A表示任选包含氮原子或环状部分或芳族部分并且具有2至10个碳原子的亚烷基,并且
Y表示具有1至20个碳原子的芳烷基;
其中相对于每100重量份所有存在的具有伯氨基和/或仲氨基的胺,存在0.5至5重量份的硝酸钙;并且
其中相对于每摩尔环氧基,存在0.2至1摩尔的来自式(I)胺的胺氢。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,硝酸钙以水溶液的形式存在。
3.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,A表示1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚环己基-双(亚甲基)或1,3-亚苯基-双(亚甲基)。
4.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,Y表示选自2-苯基乙基、苯甲基、和1-萘基甲基的基团。
5.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,m和n各自表示1。
6.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,式(I)的胺为N-苯甲基-1,2-乙二胺或N-苯甲基-1,2-丙二胺。
7.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,相对于每摩尔环氧基,存在0.2至0.8摩尔的来自式(I)胺的胺氢。
8.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,其还包含至少一种选自其它促进剂、反应性稀释剂、其它胺、稀释剂和填料的其它成分。
9.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,其包含2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚。
10.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,其包含至少一种选自如下的其它胺:2,2(4),4-三甲基-1,6-己二胺、1,2-、1,3-或1,4-二氨基环己烷、1,3-双(氨基甲基)环己烷、1,4-双(氨基甲基)环己烷、双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷、1-氨基-3-氨基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己烷、2(4)-甲基-1,3-二氨基环己烷、1,3-双(氨基甲基)苯、平均分子量Mn在200至500g/mol范围内的聚氧化亚丙基二胺、3-(3-(二甲基氨基)丙基氨基)丙胺、双(6-氨基己基)胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、五亚乙基六胺、二亚丙基三胺、N-(2-氨基乙基)-1,3-丙二胺、N,N'-双(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺、这些胺或其它多胺与单环氧化物或二环氧化物以及曼尼希碱的加合物。
11.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于,其包含至少一种选自如下的稀释剂:苯甲醇、苯乙烯化苯酚、乙氧基化苯酚、含苯酚基团的芳族烃树脂、二异丙基萘和腰果酚。
12.用于涂布的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤
(i)混合根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的组合物的组分,(ii)在适用期内将经混合的组合物施加至基材上,然后使经混合的组合物固化。
13.通过根据权利要求12所述的方法获得的制品。
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