CN115003725A - 胺-环氧树脂加合物 - Google Patents
胺-环氧树脂加合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115003725A CN115003725A CN202180010437.1A CN202180010437A CN115003725A CN 115003725 A CN115003725 A CN 115003725A CN 202180010437 A CN202180010437 A CN 202180010437A CN 115003725 A CN115003725 A CN 115003725A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- diamine
- adduct
- formula
- amine
- epoxy resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- -1 polyoxypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- ACYBVNYNIZTUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-benzylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCNCC1=CC=CC=C1 ACYBVNYNIZTUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- JUHORIMYRDESRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzathine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CNCCNCC1=CC=CC=C1 JUHORIMYRDESRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N)CC(C)(CN)C1 RNLHGQLZWXBQNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- FDLQZKYLHJJBHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC(CN)=C1 FDLQZKYLHJJBHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002987 primer (paints) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QLBRROYTTDFLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1CCCC(CN)C1 QLBRROYTTDFLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OXIKYYJDTWKERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1CCC(CN)CC1 OXIKYYJDTWKERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1N SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002993 cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013615 primer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol F Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=C(OCC2OC2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1CO1 LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004202 aminomethyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FAYVLNWNMNHXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cardanoldiene Natural products CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 FAYVLNWNMNHXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- XUCHXOAWJMEFLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1CO1 XUCHXOAWJMEFLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- QEXJEJPSPOSZIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n-benzylpropane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CC(N)CNCC1=CC=CC=C1 QEXJEJPSPOSZIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11',12',14',15'-Tetradehydro(Z,Z-)-3-(8-Pentadecenyl)phenol Natural products OC1=CC=CC(CCCCCCCC=CCC=CCC=C)=C1 JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- YLKVIMNNMLKUGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Delta8-pentadecenylphenol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 YLKVIMNNMLKUGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UTOQUPLUSA-N Cardanol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CC=C)=C1 JOLVYUIAMRUBRK-UTOQUPLUSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- PTFIPECGHSYQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cardanol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 PTFIPECGHSYQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005932 reductive alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 5
- JZUHIOJYCPIVLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine Chemical compound NCC(C)CCCN JZUHIOJYCPIVLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical class C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 4
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)C=O AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminopropylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical group CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAUKWGFWINVWKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(propan-2-yl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(C)C)C(C(C)C)=CC=C21 IAUKWGFWINVWKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tris[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC(CN(C)C)=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C1 AHDSRXYHVZECER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 7-[4-[[(3z)-3-[4-amino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl]imino-5-fluoro-2-oxoindol-1-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(\N=C/3C4=CC(F)=CC=C4N(CN4CCN(CC4)C=4C(=CC=5C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(C=5C=4)C4CC4)F)C\3=O)=NC=2)N)=C1 RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- MRNZSTMRDWRNNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(hexamethylene)triamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCNCCCCCCN MRNZSTMRDWRNNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- KVFDZFBHBWTVID-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1CCCCC1 KVFDZFBHBWTVID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- GKQPCPXONLDCMU-CCEZHUSRSA-N lacidipine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)(C)C GKQPCPXONLDCMU-CCEZHUSRSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LDQYTDPXIMNESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-propylphenol Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=C(O)C(C)=C1 LDQYTDPXIMNESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CUZKCNWZBXLAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylmethoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOCC1=CC=CC=C1 CUZKCNWZBXLAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YEYKMVJDLWJFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCOCCO YEYKMVJDLWJFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEZQPLQZAUVRDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-propylphenol Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 UEZQPLQZAUVRDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKSBPFMNOJWYSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentane Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(CC)(CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RKSBPFMNOJWYSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylbutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)=O SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/182—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing using pre-adducts of epoxy compounds with curing agents
- C08G59/184—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing using pre-adducts of epoxy compounds with curing agents with amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/22—Di-epoxy compounds
- C08G59/24—Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic
- C08G59/245—Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic aromatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/5033—Amines aromatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2150/00—Compositions for coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2170/00—Compositions for adhesives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2190/00—Compositions for sealing or packing joints
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Abstract
本发明的主题是一种胺官能的加合物,其来自胺混合物与至少一种二环氧化物按照至少1.2摩尔式(I)的二胺比1摩尔当量的环氧基团的化学计量比的反应,所述胺混合物包含重量比在65/35至95/5范围内的至少一种式(I)的二胺和至少一种式(II)的二胺。所述加合物即使在很少过量的二胺情况下在室温下无需稀释剂也是液态的并且令人惊讶地是低粘度的。此外,它还是特别成本低廉的,因为它可由技术上可简单制备的胺混合物获得。该加合物能够实现少排放或无排放的环氧树脂涂料,其具有令人惊讶地好的可加工性以及令人惊讶地快速固化,具有很高的硬度和很小的黄变倾向并且即使在湿冷条件下也几乎不倾向于有雾浊引起的缺陷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及二胺与二环氧化物的胺官能加合物及其作为固化剂用于特别适合作为地面涂料的环氧树脂组合物的用途。
现有技术
基于环氧树脂的涂料广泛用于建筑业。它们由液体树脂和固化剂组分组成,其在施涂之前混合并且随后在环境温度下在约5-35℃的范围内固化。当施用时,涂层的粘度应当尽可能低使得它们在环境温度下良好流平。在施用后,它们还应尽可能快并且没有缺陷地固化,甚至在湿冷条件下,并且形成无缺陷的表面,没有雾度、斑点、粘性或缩孔。固化之后,它们应具有高硬度以及低脆性和高玻璃化转变温度,以便尽可能好地承受机械应力。对于视觉要求高的应用,例如地板的顶部覆盖物,它们还应当具有高的光泽度和在光的影响下最小的变黄倾向。
然而,这种环氧树脂涂层通常具有表面缺陷如雾度、斑点、粗糙度或发粘的倾向,这也被称为“雾浊(Blushing)”。雾浊是由固化剂组分中存在的胺与来自空气的二氧化碳形成盐而引起的,并且尤其在高湿度和低温下发生。许多用于环氧树脂涂料的固化剂包含二胺与环氧树脂的加合物。这降低了雾浊效应,并且还允许更快的固化。然而,二胺-环氧树脂加合物明显比游离二胺更粘。为了限制粘度,二胺以相对于环氧树脂的很大的化学计量过量的量使用。未反应二胺的含量和各种加合物分子的分布根据在加合物的生产中化学计量量或过量二胺的水平而变化。使用低过量二胺制备的加合物含有较少的未反应二胺和更多的具有两个、三个或更多个二环氧化物单元的较高分子量加合物分子。这种加合物本身是有利的。它们具有低气味,特别低的雾浊倾向,并且使得加合物可以大量使用和/或与其它胺结合。然而,用低过量的二胺生产的加合物是非常高粘度的或甚至是固体,因此只能在室温下用相当大量的稀释剂如苄醇处理它们。稀释剂在固化期间不结合到树脂基质中,并且可以通过蒸发或扩散过程释放到环境中。然而,现在越来越希望低排放产品在固化后具有低含量的可释放物质。因此,对于低排放或无排放的环氧树脂组合物,这种稀释剂仅可少量使用或根本不使用。
WO 2017/046293公开了借助于蒸馏纯化的N-苄基-1,2-丙二胺或N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺与双酚A-二缩水甘油醚的加合物,其能实现具有良好表面的涂层。这些加合物使用大大过量的二胺制备,由此严重限制了将它们与其它胺组合时的自由度。
还已知烷基化二胺与环氧化物的加合物作为水性环氧树脂产品的固化剂的成分,例如来自EP1956034的。加合物含有聚醚链并且在反应之后用未加合的二胺和大量的水稀释。
发明概述
因此,本发明的目的是提供二胺-环氧树脂加合物,其即使在生产过程中在很低过量的二胺情况下在不添加稀释剂时,在室温下也是液体并且具有尽可能低的粘度,并且当其用作环氧树脂涂料的固化剂时,允许良好的可加工性、快速固化以及无缺陷的有光泽表面,即使是在湿冷的条件下。
该目的通过权利要求1所述的加合物实现。该加合物通过使包含单烷基化二胺和二烷基化二胺的胺混合物与二环氧化物以至少1.2摩尔单烷基化二胺比1摩尔当量环氧基的化学计量比反应而获得。
尽管二胺的过量量很低,但本发明的加合物在室温下是液态的,并且具有令人惊讶的低粘度。即使二烷基化二胺的含量很低,该加合物的粘度也比在不存在二烷基化二胺的情况下制备的相应加合物的粘度低得多。令人惊奇的是,当加合物用作环氧树脂的固化剂时,二烷基化二胺既不会对固化速率产生任何显著程度的不利影响,也不会对最终硬度产生任何显著程度的不利影响。加合物的低得多的粘度是非常有利的,并且在现有技术基础上是预料不到的。
本发明的加合物特别成本低廉,因为它可以从技术上容易生产的胺混合物获得。
本发明的加合物能够实现低排放或无排放的环氧树脂涂料,并且其具有令人惊奇的良好加工性能和令人惊奇的快速固化,具有高的硬度和低的黄变倾向,和甚至在湿冷条件下也几乎不倾向于会有雾浊引起的缺陷。
本发明的其它方面是其它独立权利要求的主题。本发明的特别优选的实施方案是从属权利要求的主题。
发明详述
本发明提供一种胺官能的加合物,其来自以下物质按照至少1.2摩尔式(I)的二胺比1摩尔当量的环氧基团的化学计量比的反应:
(i)胺混合物,其包含重量比在65/35至95/5范围内的至少一种式(I)的二胺和至少一种式(II)的二胺,
其中
A是具有2-12个碳原子的亚烷基、亚环烷基或亚芳烷基,和
R是具有1-12个碳原子的烷基、环烷基或芳烷基,
其中在式(I)和(II)的二胺中的两个氮原子在每种情况下被至少两个碳原子彼此隔开,并且式(I)的二胺具有总共8-15个碳原子,与
(ii)至少一种二环氧化物。
“伯氨基”是指与单个有机基团连接并带有两个氢原子的氨基;“仲氨基”是指连接到两个有机基团并且携带一个氢原子的氨基,所述有机基团也可以一起是环的一部分;和“叔氨基”是指连接到三个有机基团上并且不携带任何氢原子的氨基,其中的两个或三个也可以是一个或多个环的一部分。
“胺氢”是指伯和仲氨基的氢原子。
“胺氢当量”是指含有一摩尔当量胺氢的胺或含胺组合物的质量。其以质量单位“g/Eq”表示。
“环氧当量”是指含有一摩尔当量环氧基的含环氧基的化合物或组合物的质量。其以质量单位“g/Eq”表示。
以“聚(多)”开始的物质名称,例如多胺或多环氧化物,是指形式上每分子包含两个或更多个在其名称中出现的官能团的物质。
“稀释剂”是指可溶于环氧树脂并降低其粘度的物质,并且其在固化过程中不化学地结合到环氧树脂聚合物中。
“分子量”是指分子的摩尔质量(克/摩尔)。“平均分子量”是指低聚物或聚合物分子的多分散混合物的数均分子量Mn,其通常通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)以聚苯乙烯为标准物测定。
“凝胶时间”是从混合环氧树脂组合物的组分直至其凝胶的时间段。
“室温”指23℃的温度。
用于本发明加合物的胺混合物优选根本不含或仅含有少量的不对应于式(I)和(II)的其它胺。胺混合物优选具有基于式(I)的二胺和式(II)的二胺的总和计至少95重量%、特别至少97重量%的纯度。
用于制备加合物的胺混合物优选具有不超过5重量%、优选不超过3重量%、更优选不超过2重量%、特别不超过1重量%的式H2N-A-NH2的二胺含量,其中A如上所定义。这种胺混合物具有特别低的气味,并且能实现低粘度加合物,并且当用作环氧树脂的固化剂时,该低粘度加合物几乎不引起雾浊。
A优选选自1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚丙基、1,4-亚丁基、1,3-亚丁基、2-甲基-1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚戊基、1,5-亚戊基、2,2-二甲基-1,3-亚丙基、1,6-亚己基、2-甲基-1,5-亚戊基、1,7-亚庚基、1,8-亚辛基、2,5-二甲基-1,6-亚己基、1,9-亚壬基、2,2(4),4-三甲基-1,6-亚己基、1,10-亚癸基、1,11-亚十一烷基、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,5-亚戊基、1,12-亚十二烷基、1,2-亚环己基、1,3-亚环己基、1,4-亚环己基、(1,5,5-三甲基环己烷-1-基)甲烷-1,3、4(2)-甲基-1,3-亚环己基、1,3-亚环己基双(亚甲基)、1,4-亚环己基双(亚甲基)、1,3-亚苯基双(亚甲基)和1,4-亚苯基双(亚甲基)。这些式(I)和(II)的二胺是由市售易得的伯二胺衍生而来的。
A尤其选自1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、2-甲基-1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚戊基、1,2-亚环己基、1,4-亚环己基、4(2)-甲基-1,3-亚环己基、1,3-亚环己基双(亚甲基)、1,4-亚环己基双(亚甲基)、1,3-亚苯基双(亚甲基)和1,4-亚苯基双(亚甲基)。
A最优选是1,2-亚乙基。这些式(I)和(II)的二胺允许具有特别低的粘度和特别高的反应性的加合物并且允许特别低的黄变倾向。
R优选选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、3-甲基丁-2-基、己基、4-甲基戊-2-基、2-乙基己基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基,和任选取代的1-苯基乙基、2-苯基乙基、苄基、萘基甲基、环己基甲基和2-环己基乙基。
优选的是具有6-12个碳原子、尤其是6-8个碳原子的基团R。
R特别优选选自2-乙基己基、2-苯基乙基、苄基、1-萘基甲基和环己基甲基。
最优选地,R是苄基。这些式(I)和(II)的二胺允许加合物具有特别低的粘度和很高的反应性,以及特别低的雾浊效应和黄变倾向,尤其当与不含芳族基团的基团A结合时。
式(I)的二胺特别优选选自N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺、N-(1-萘甲基)-1,2-乙二胺、N-环己基甲基-1,2-乙二胺、N-苄基-1,2-丙二胺和N-(2-乙基己基)-双(氨基甲基)-1,3-苯。
最优选的式(I)的二胺是N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺。这种二胺允许特别低的粘度和反应性加合物。
式(I)和(II)的二胺中的基团A和R优选为相同的基团。这种胺混合物特别容易作为烷基化的反应产物获得。
特别优选的是,式(I)的二胺是N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺,而式(II)的二胺是N,N'-二苄基-1,2-乙二胺。
式(I)的二胺和式(II)的二胺的重量比优选在70/30-95/5、更优选80/20-90/10的范围内。这种加合物是特别有反应性的并且能实现高硬度。
式(I)的二胺和式(II)的二胺优选借助于用至少一种烷基化剂部分烷基化至少一种式H2N-A-NH2的胺来制备。
烷基化优选是使用醛或酮作为烷基化剂和氢的还原烷基化。
优选在合适的催化剂存在下进行还原烷基化。优选的催化剂是碳负载的钯(Pd/C)、碳负载的铂(Pt/C)、Adams催化剂或雷尼镍,特别是碳负载的钯或雷尼镍。
当使用分子氢时,还原烷基化优选在压力装置中在5-150巴,尤其是10-100巴的氢气压力下操作。这可以以间歇方法或优选以连续方法进行。
还原烷基化优选在40-120℃、特别是60-100℃的温度下进行。
在小的挥发性胺如特别是1,2-乙二胺或1,2-丙二胺的情况下,优选相对于醛或酮化学计量过量地使用它们,并且在烷基化之后,从反应混合物中部分或全部除去未反应的胺,尤其是通过蒸馏或汽提。
如果式(I)和(II)的二胺中的A和R是相同的基团,则所得反应产物可以不经进一步纯化而以胺混合物形式使用。
然而,式(I)的二胺和式(II)的二胺也可以分别制备并混合形成胺混合物。为此,优选进一步纯化来自还原烷基化的反应混合物,特别是通过蒸馏。
反应混合物优选不被进一步纯化,而是含有根据本发明比例的式(I)二胺和式(II)二胺。这种反应混合物特别成本低廉。
包含至少一种式(I)的二胺和至少一种式(II)的二胺的胺混合物优选为至少一种式H2N-A-NH2的胺与至少一种醛或酮和氢的还原性烷基化的反应产物。
作为醛或酮,优选的是甲醛、乙醛、1-丙醛、丙酮、1-丁醛、异丁醛、甲乙酮、1-戊醛、甲基异丙基酮、1-己醛、甲基异丁基酮、2-乙基己醛、1-辛醛、1-壬醛、1-癸醛、1-十一醛、1-十二醛、甲基苯基酮、苯甲醛、1-萘甲醛或环己烷甲醛。
特别优选的是2-乙基己醛、苯甲醛、1-萘甲醛或环己烷甲醛,尤其是苯甲醛。
作为式H2N-A-NH2的胺特别优选的是-1,2-乙二胺。
二环氧化物优选是芳族二环氧化物。如果二环氧化物包含至少一个芳环,则其被称为“芳族的”。
芳族二环氧化物优选不含聚醚链。这种芳族二环氧化物特别适合作为非水性环氧树脂产品的固化剂,其对气候影响特别稳定。
芳族二环氧化物优选选自双酚A-二缩水甘油醚、双酚F-二缩水甘油醚、双酚A-二缩水甘油醚和双酚F-二缩水甘油醚的混合物、儿茶酚-二缩水甘油醚、间苯二酚-二缩水甘油醚、氢醌-二缩水甘油醚、双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)甲烷二缩水甘油醚、2,2-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙烷二缩水甘油醚、双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)甲烷二缩水甘油醚、2,2-双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷二缩水甘油醚、2,2-双(4-羟基-3-叔丁基苯基)丙烷二缩水甘油醚、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丁烷二缩水甘油醚、3,3-双(4-羟基苯基)戊烷二缩水甘油醚、3,4-双(4-羟基苯基)己烷二缩水甘油醚、4,4-双(4-羟基苯基)庚烷二缩水甘油醚、2,4-双(4-羟基苯基)-2-甲基丁烷二缩水甘油醚和4,4'-二羟基二苯基二缩水甘油醚。
二环氧化物特别优选是双酚A-二缩水甘油醚、双酚F-二缩水甘油醚或双酚A/F-二缩水甘油醚,尤其是双酚A-二缩水甘油醚。
所述二缩水甘油醚优选以工业级质量使用。
特别优选的是市售液体树脂,例如特别是GY 240、GY250、GY 281、GY 282、GY 285、PY 304或PY 720(均来自Huntsman),或330、331、332、336、351、352、354或356(均来自Dow)。
二环氧化物优选具有在110至260g/Eq/优选156至200g/Eq范围内的环氧当量。
胺混合物在反应中优选以这样的量用于本发明加合物,该量使得化学计量比为1.3-2、特别是1.4-1.7摩尔式(I)的二胺比1摩尔当量的二环氧化物的环氧基团。
这种加合物含有特别少的未反应二胺和高含量的加合物分子。它具有特别低的气味和令人惊奇的低粘度。它能够实现特别快速的固化和与其它胺结合的高灵活性。
优选地,反应期间的温度在40至120℃、尤其是60至100℃的范围内。
反应后,优选不从加合物中除去未反应的式(I)二胺和式(II)二胺,而是使其保留在其中,并且是加合物的成分。
该加合物含有由2摩尔式(I)或(II)的二胺和1摩尔二环氧化物加成得到的所谓2:1加合物。在N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺作为式(I)的二胺、N,N'-二苄基-1,2-乙二胺作为式(II)的二胺、和双酚A二缩水甘油醚的情况下,加合物主要含有下列2:1加合物,
其中还存在具有与环氧基加成的仲氨基的那些作为其它的2:1加合物,例如下面所示的那些:
该加合物还含有更高级加合物,特别是由3摩尔式(I)或(II)的二胺和2摩尔二环氧化物加成得到的所谓3:2加合物。在N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺作为式(I)二胺和双酚A二缩水甘油醚的情况下,主要存在的是下列3:2加合物:
其中也存在来自与仲氨基反应的3:2加合物。
加合物还含有其它更高级加合物,所谓的>3:2加合物,特别是由4摩尔式(I)或(II)的二胺与3摩尔二环氧化物或5摩尔式(I)或(II)的二胺与4摩尔二环氧化物加成得到的那些。
本发明的加合物优选含有重量比为30/70-80/20、优选35/65-70/30的2:1加合物和更高级加合物。这种加合物能够实现低粘度和快速固化的特别有利的组合。
本发明的加合物特别优选含有重量比为30/70至49.9/50.1、特别是35/65-49/51的2:1加合物和更高级加合物。这种加合物尤其以1.4-1.7摩尔式(I)二胺比1摩尔当量二环氧化物的环氧基团的化学计量比制备。它能实现特别快速的固化。
加合物优选含有小于1重量%的稀释剂或水。
加合物优选在20℃下具有5-500Pa·s、优选10-250Pa·s、尤其是20-150Pa·s的粘度,粘度使用锥板粘度计在10s-1的剪切速率下测得。
本发明的加合物特别适合于固化环氧树脂。
本发明进一步提供了一种用于环氧树脂的固化剂,其包含本发明的加合物和至少一种选自其它胺、促进剂和稀释剂的其它成分。
固化剂优选含有1-80重量%、优选2-60重量%、尤其是5-50重量%的本发明加合物。
环氧树脂的固化剂优选不是水基的。它尤其含有低于15重量%、优选低于10重量%的水。这种固化剂适用于非水性环氧树脂产品,尤其是地面涂料。
固化剂优选包含至少一种具有脂族氨基和至少三个胺氢的其它胺。优选仅在胺混合物与二环氧化物反应后将该另外的胺混入加合物中。该另外的胺可以是与在生成加合物的反应中用作式(I)的二胺的那些相同的胺,或者可以是不同的胺。
合适的其它胺尤其是N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺、N-苄基-1,2-丙二胺、N-苄基-1,3-双(氨基甲基)苯、N-(2-乙基己基)-双(氨基甲基)-1,3-苯或N-(2-苯基乙基)-双(氨基甲基)-1,3-苯,以及还有2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺、1,3-戊烷二胺(DAMP)、1,5-戊烷二胺、1,5-二氨基-2-甲基戊烷(MPMD)、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,5-戊烷二胺(C11-新二胺)、1,6-己二胺、2,5-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,2(4),4-三甲基-1,6-己二胺(TMD)、1,7-庚烷二胺、1,8-辛烷二胺、1,9-壬二胺、1,10-癸二胺、1,11-十一烷二胺、1,12-十二烷二胺、1,2-,1,3-或1,4-二氨基环己烷、1,3-双(氨基甲基)环己烷、1,4-双(氨基甲基)环己烷、双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷、双(4-氨基-3-甲基环己基)甲烷、双(4-氨基-3-乙基环己基)甲烷、双(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基环己基)甲烷、双(4-氨基-3-乙基-5-甲基环己基)甲烷、1-氨基-3-氨基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己烷(IPDA)、2(4)-甲基-1,3-二氨基环己烷、2,5(2,6)-双(氨基甲基)双环[2.2.1]庚烷(NBDA)、3(4),8(9)-双(氨基甲基)三环[5.2.1.02.6]癸烷,1,4-二氨基-2,2,6-三甲基环己烷(TMCDA),薄荷烷-1,8-二胺,3,9-双(3-氨基丙基)-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷,1,3-双(氨基甲基)苯(MXDA),1,4-双(氨基甲基)苯、双(2-氨基乙基)醚、3,6-二氧杂辛烷-1,8-二胺、4,7-二氧杂癸烷-1,10-二胺、4,7-二氧杂癸烷-2,9-二胺、4,9-二氧杂十二烷-1,12-二胺、5,8-二氧杂十二烷-3,10-二胺、4,7,10-三氧杂十三烷-1,13-二胺或这些二胺的更高级低聚物,双(3-氨基丙基)聚四氢呋喃或其它聚四氢呋喃二胺,聚氧化亚烷基二胺或-三胺,尤其是聚氧化亚丙基二胺或聚氧化亚丙基三胺,例如D-230、D-400或T-403(均来自Huntsman)、二亚乙基三胺(DETA)、三亚乙基四胺(TETA)、四亚乙基五胺(TEPA)、五亚乙基六胺(PEHA)、二亚丙基三胺(DPTA)、N-(2-氨基乙基)丙烷-1,3-二胺(N3-胺),N,N'-双(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺(N4-胺),N,N'-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,4-二氨基丁烷、N5-(3-氨基丙基)-2-甲基-1,5-戊烷二胺,N3-(3-氨基戊基)-1,3-戊烷二胺、N5-(3-氨基-1-乙基丙基)-2-甲基-1,5-戊烷二胺、N,N'-双(3-氨基-1-乙基丙基)-2-甲基-1,5-戊烷二胺、3-(2-氨基乙基)氨基丙基胺、双(六亚甲基)三胺(BHMT)、N-氨基乙基哌嗪、3-二甲基氨基丙胺(DMAPA)或3-(3-(二甲基氨基)丙基氨基)丙胺(DMAPAPA)。
当本发明的固化剂包含两种或更多种其它胺的组合时可能是有利的。
优选选自N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺、N-苄基-1,2-丙二胺、N-苄基-双(氨基甲基)-1,3-苯、N-(2-乙基己基)-双(氨基甲基)-1,3-苯、N-(2-苯基乙基)-双(氨基甲基)-1,3-苯、TMD、1,2-二氨基环己烷、1,3-二氨基环己烷、1,4-二氨基环己烷、1,3-双(氨基甲基)环己烷、1,4-双(氨基甲基)环己烷、双(4-氨基环己基)甲烷、IPDA、2(4)-甲基-1,3-二氨基环己烷、MXDA、平均分子量Mn为200-500g/mol的聚氧亚丙基二胺、平均分子量Mn为300-500g/mol的聚氧亚丙基三胺、DMAPAPA、BHMT、DETA、TETA、TEPA、PEHA、DPTA、N3-胺和N4-胺。
固化剂特别优选包含至少一种选自N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺、TMD、1,2-二氨基环己烷、1,3-双(氨基甲基)环己烷、1,4-双(氨基甲基)环己烷、IPDA、2(4)-甲基-1,3-二氨基环己烷、MXDA、平均分子量Mn为200-500g/mol的聚氧亚丙基二胺和平均分子量Mn为300-500g/mol的聚氧亚丙基三胺的其它胺。
特别优选的其它胺是N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺。这种胺使固化剂具有特别好的加工性能、快速固化和几乎没有雾浊效应的倾向。
另一种特别优选的其它胺是MXDA,任选地为与环氧树脂的胺官能加合物的形式。这种胺允许特别快速的固化。
另一种特别优选的其它胺是IPDA,任选地以与环氧树脂的胺官能加合物的形式。这种胺能实现特别高的玻璃化转变温度和最终硬度。
合适的促进剂尤其是酸或可水解成酸的化合物,尤其是有机羧酸如乙酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、2-硝基苯甲酸、乳酸、有机磺酸如甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸或4-十二烷基苯磺酸、磺酸酯,其它有机或无机酸,特别如磷酸,或上述酸和酸酯的混合物;硝酸盐,特别如硝酸钙;叔胺,例如特别是1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷、苄基二甲胺、α-甲基苄基二甲胺、三乙醇胺、二甲基氨基丙胺,咪唑类如特别是N-甲基咪唑、N-乙烯基咪唑或1,2-二甲基咪唑,这些叔胺的盐,季铵盐,例如特别是苄基三甲基氯化铵,脒,例如特别是1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯,胍如特别是1,1,3,3-四甲基胍,酚尤其是双酚,酚醛树脂或曼尼希碱,例如特别是2-(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚、2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚或由苯酚、甲醛和N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺制备的聚合物,亚磷酸酯,例如特别是亚磷酸二或三苯酯,或具有巯基的化合物。
优选的是酸、硝酸盐、叔胺或曼尼希碱,尤其是水杨酸、硝酸钙或2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚,或这些促进剂的组合。
合适的稀释剂尤其是二甲苯、2-甲氧基乙醇、二甲氧基乙醇、2-乙氧基乙醇、2-丙氧基乙醇、2-异丙氧基乙醇、2-丁氧基乙醇、2-苯氧基乙醇、2-苄氧基乙醇、苄醇、乙二醇、乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、乙二醇二丁醚、乙二醇二苯醚、二乙二醇、二乙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单正丁醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二正丁醚、丙二醇丁醚、丙二醇苯醚、二丙二醇、二丙二醇单甲醚、二丙二醇二甲醚、二丙二醇二正丁醚、二苯基甲烷、二异丙基萘、矿物油馏分,例如等级(来自Exxon)、烷基酚如叔丁基苯酚、壬基酚、十二烷基酚、腰果酚(来自腰果壳油,主要含有3-(8,11-十五碳二烯基)酚)、苯乙烯化苯酚、双酚、芳族烃树脂,尤其是含有酚基的类型、烷氧基化的酚,尤其是乙氧基化或丙氧基化的酚,尤其是2-苯氧乙醇、己二酸酯、癸二酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酯、苯甲酸酯、有机磷酸酯或磺酸酯或磺酰胺。
优选的稀释剂具有高于200℃的沸点。
特别优选的是苄基醇。
含有酚基的稀释剂也能有效地作为促进剂。
固化剂可以含有其它成分,尤其是以下这些:
–其它加合物,尤其IPDA、MXDA、DETA、TETA或TEPA与双酚A、F或A/F二缩水甘油醚的加合物,或MPMD或1,2-乙二胺或1,2-丙二胺与甲苯基缩水甘油醚的加合物,其中未反应的MPMD、1,2-乙二胺或1,2-丙二胺在反应之后通过蒸馏除去;
–一元胺,例如特别是苄胺或糠胺;
–聚酰胺基胺,尤其是单或多元羧酸或其酯或酸酐,尤其是二聚脂肪酸与以化学计量过量使用的多胺,尤其是DETA或TETA的反应产物;
–曼尼希碱,尤其是酚烷基胺,即酚(尤其是腰果酚)与醛(尤其是甲醛)和多胺的反应产物。
–芳族多胺,例如特别是4,4'-、2,4'和/或2,2'-二氨基二苯基甲烷、2,4-和/或2,6-甲苯二胺、3,5-二甲基硫代-2,4-甲苯二胺和/或3,5-二甲基硫代-2,6-甲苯二胺、3,5-二乙基-2,4-甲苯二胺和/或3,5-二乙基-2,6-甲苯二胺;
–具有巯基的化合物,尤其是液态硫醇封端的聚硫化物聚合物,硫醇封端的聚氧化亚烷基醚,硫醇封端的聚氧化亚烷基衍生物,硫代羧酸的聚酯,2,4,6-三巯基-1,3,5-三嗪,三乙二醇二硫醇或乙二硫醇。
本发明进一步提供了一种环氧树脂组合物,其包含
–包含至少一种环氧树脂的树脂组分,和
–包含本发明加合物的固化剂组分。
固化剂组分优选包含上述固化剂。
合适的环氧树脂可以以已知的方式获得,尤其是由表氯醇与多元醇、多酚或胺的反应获得。
合适的环氧树脂尤其是芳族环氧树脂,尤其是以下物质的缩水甘油醚:
–双酚A、双酚F或双酚A/F,其中A代表丙酮,F代表甲醛,它们在这些双酚的制备中用作反应物。在双酚F的情况下,也可以存在位置异构体,更特别地衍生自2,4'-或2,2'-羟基苯基甲烷的位置异构体。
–二羟基苯衍生物,例如间苯二酚、对苯二酚或邻苯二酚;
–另外的双酚或多酚,例如双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)甲烷、2,2-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙烷(双酚C)、双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)甲烷、2,2-双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基-3-叔丁基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丁烷(双酚B)、3,3-双(4-羟基苯基)戊烷、3,4-双(4-羟基苯基)己烷、4,4-双(4-羟基苯基)庚烷、2,4-双(4-羟基苯基)-2-甲基丁烷、2,4-双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)-2-甲基丁烷、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)环己烷(双酚Z)、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷(双酚-TMC)、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-1-苯基乙烷、1,4-双[2-(4-羟基苯基)-2-丙基]苯(双酚-P)、1,5-双[2-(4-羟基苯基)-2-丙基]苯(双酚-M)、4,4'-二羟基联苯(DOD)、4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮、双(2-羟基萘-1-基)甲烷、双(4-羟基萘-1-基)甲烷、1,5-二羟基萘、三(4-羟基苯基)甲烷、1,1,2,2-四(4-羟基苯基)乙烷、双(4-羟基苯基)醚或双(4-羟基苯基)砜;
–酚醛清漆,其尤其是苯酚或甲酚与甲醛或多聚甲醛或乙醛或巴豆醛或异丁醛或2-乙基己醛或苯甲醛或糠醛的缩合产物;
–芳族胺,例如苯胺、甲苯胺、4-氨基苯酚、4,4'-亚甲基二苯基二胺、4,4'-亚甲基二苯基二(N-甲基)胺、4,4'-[1,4-亚苯基双(1-甲基亚乙基)]二苯胺(二苯胺-P)或4,4'-[1,3-亚苯基双(1-甲基亚乙基)]二苯胺(二苯胺-M)。
其它合适的环氧树脂是脂族或环脂族多环氧化物,尤其是
–饱和或不饱和、支化或未支化、环状或开链的二、三或四官能的C2-C30醇的缩水甘油醚,尤其是乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、辛二醇、聚丙二醇、二羟甲基环己烷、新戊二醇、二溴新戊二醇、蓖麻油、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇或甘油,或烷氧基化甘油或烷氧基化三羟甲基丙烷的缩水甘油醚;
–氢化双酚A、F或A/F液体树脂或氢化双酚A、F或A/F的缩水甘油化产物;
–酰胺或杂环氮碱的N-缩水甘油基衍生物,例如氰尿酸三缩水甘油酯或异氰尿酸三缩水甘油酯,或表氯醇与乙内酰脲的反应产物。
环氧树脂优选为液体树脂或包含两种或更多种液体环氧树脂的混合物。
“液体环氧树脂”是指玻璃化转变温度低于25℃的工业聚环氧化物。
树脂组分任选地另外包含一定比例的固体环氧树脂。
环氧树脂尤其是基于双酚的液体树脂,尤其是双酚A二缩水甘油醚和/或双酚F二缩水甘油醚,例如可从Olin、Huntsman或Momentive商购获得的那些。这些液体树脂对环氧树脂具有低粘度,并允许快速固化和高硬度。它们可以包含一定比例的固体双酚A树脂或酚醛清漆缩水甘油醚。
树脂组分可以包含反应性稀释剂。
优选的活性稀释剂是含环氧基的活性稀释剂,特别是丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、己二醇二缩水甘油醚、三羟甲基丙烷二缩水甘油醚或三缩水甘油醚、苯基缩水甘油醚、甲苯基缩水甘油醚、愈创木酚缩水甘油醚、4-甲氧基苯基缩水甘油醚、对正丁基苯基缩水甘油醚、对叔丁基苯基缩水甘油醚、4-壬基苯基缩水甘油醚、4-十二烷基苯基缩水甘油醚、腰果酚缩水甘油醚、苄基缩水甘油醚、烯丙基缩水甘油醚、丁基缩水甘油醚、己基缩水甘油醚、2-乙基己基缩水甘油醚,或天然醇的缩水甘油醚,例如特别是C8-C10或C12-C14或C13-C15烷基缩水甘油醚。
环氧树脂组合物优选包含至少一种选自稀释剂、促进剂和填料的其它成分。
合适的促进剂是已经提及的那些,尤其是水杨酸、硝酸钙或2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚或其组合。
合适的稀释剂是已经提到的那些,尤其是沸点大于200℃的那些。
特别优选的是苄基醇。
合适的填料特别是研磨或沉淀的碳酸钙,其任选地用脂肪酸,尤其是硬脂酸涂覆,硬脂酸盐、重晶石(Schwerspat)、滑石、石英粉、石英砂、碳化硅、铁云母、白云石、硅灰石、高岭土、云母(硅酸铝钾)、分子筛、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、二氧化硅、水泥、石膏、飞灰、炭黑、石墨、金属粉末如铝、铜、铁、锌、银或钢、PVC粉末或中空珠。
优选碳酸钙、石英粉、石英砂或其组合。
环氧树脂组合物可任选地包含其它助剂和添加剂,尤其是以下:
–反应性稀释剂,特别是已经提及的那些,或环氧化大豆油或亚麻籽油,含有乙酰乙酸酯基的化合物,尤其是乙酸乙酰化的多元醇、丁内酯、碳酸酯、醛、异氰酸酯或具有反应性基团的有机硅;
–聚合物,尤其是聚酰胺、聚硫化物、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛(PVF)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、聚氨酯(PUR)、具有羧基的聚合物、聚酰胺、丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、不饱和单体的均聚物或共聚物,所述单体尤其是选自乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、异丁烯、异戊二烯、乙酸乙烯酯或(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯,尤其是氯磺化聚乙烯或含氟聚合物或磺酰胺改性的三聚氰胺;
–纤维,尤其是玻璃纤维、碳纤维、金属纤维、陶瓷纤维或聚合物纤维,例如聚酰胺纤维或聚乙烯纤维;
–颜料,尤其是二氧化钛、氧化铁或氧化铬(III);
–流变改性剂,尤其是增稠剂或抗沉降剂;
–粘合改进剂,尤其是有机烷氧基硅烷;
–阻燃物质,尤其是已经提及的填料氢氧化铝或氢氧化镁、三氧化锑、五氧化二锑、硼酸(B(OH)3)、硼酸锌、磷酸锌、硼酸三聚氰胺、氰尿酸三聚氰胺、多磷酸铵、磷酸三聚氰胺、焦磷酸三聚氰胺、多溴化二苯基氧化物或二苯醚、磷酸酯如特别是磷酸二苯基甲苯基酯、间苯二酚双(磷酸二苯基酯)、间苯二酚双磷酸酯低聚物、四苯基间苯二酚双亚磷酸酯、乙二胺双磷酸酯、双酚A-双(磷酸二苯基酯)、磷酸三(氯乙基)酯、磷酸三(氯丙基)酯、磷酸三(二氯异丙基)酯、磷酸三[3-溴-2,2-双(溴甲基)丙基]酯、四溴双酚A、双酚A的双(2,3-二溴丙基醚)、溴化环氧树脂、亚乙基双(四溴邻苯二甲酰亚胺)、亚乙基双(二溴降冰片烷二羧酰亚胺)、1,2-双(三溴苯氧基)乙烷、三(2,3-二溴丙基)异氰脲酸酯、三溴苯酚、六溴环十二烷、双(六氯环戊二烯)环辛烷或氯化石蜡;或
–添加剂,尤其是分散石蜡、成膜助剂、润湿剂、流平剂、消泡剂、脱气剂、抗氧化、热、光或UV辐射的稳定剂,或杀生物剂。
环氧树脂组合物优选包含其它助剂和添加剂,尤其是颜料、润湿剂、流平剂和/或消泡剂。
环氧树脂组合物优选仅具有低含量的稀释剂。它优选含有低于20重量%,更优选低于15重量%,尤其低于10重量%的稀释剂。这能实现低排放或无排放的环氧树脂产品。
环氧树脂组合物优选仅具有低含量的水,优选小于5重量%,尤其小于1重量%的水。
在环氧树脂组合物中,对环氧基有反应性的基团的数目相对于环氧基的数目的比率优选在0.5至1.5、特别是0.7至1.2的范围内。
存在于环氧树脂组合物中的伯和仲氨基以及任选存在的其它对环氧基具有反应性的基团,与环氧基反应,导致其开环(加成反应)。主要由于该反应,组合物聚合并因此固化。
环氧树脂组合物的树脂组分和固化剂组分储存在分开的容器中。环氧树脂组合物的其它成分可以作为树脂组分或固化剂组分的成分存在,其中对环氧基有反应性的其它成分优选是固化剂组分的成分。同样,其它成分可以作为专门的其他组分存在。
用于储存树脂组分或固化剂组分的合适容器尤其是桶、筒、袋、囊、罐、料盒或管。所述组分是可储存的,这意味着它们可以在使用前储存几个月至一年或更长时间,而在与它们的使用相关的程度上它们各自的性质没有任何变化。对于环氧树脂组合物的用途,在施用前不久或施用期间将各组分彼此混合。优选选择树脂组分和固化剂组分之间的混合比,使得固化剂组分的对环氧基具有反应性的基团与树脂组分的环氧基具有合适的比例,如上所述。以重量份计,树脂组分和固化剂组分之间的混合比通常在1:10至10:1的范围内。
通过合适的方法混合组分;该混合可以连续或间歇进行。如果混合不是在施用之前立即进行,则必须确保在混合各组分和施用各组分之间没有过多的时间流逝,并且在适用期内进行施用。所述混合特别在环境温度下进行,该温度通常在约5-40℃,优选约10-35℃的范围内。
如上所述,通过化学反应的固化开始于两种组分的混合。固化通常在0至150℃范围内的温度下进行。优选在环境温度下进行,并且通常延续几天至几周的时间。持续时间尤其取决于温度、组分的反应性、其化学计量比,以及取决于促进剂的存在。
在新鲜混合状态下,环氧树脂组合物具有低粘度。树脂组分和固化剂组分混合后10分钟的20℃下的粘度优选在300~4000mPa·s、更优选为300~3000mPa·s、特别优选为300~2000mPa·s的范围内,使用锥板粘度计在10s-1的剪切速度下测定。
将环氧树脂组合物施加到至少一个基材上,特别适合的是下列基材:
–玻璃、玻璃陶瓷、混凝土、砂浆、水泥抹平料、纤维水泥、砖、瓦、石膏或天然石材,如花岗岩或大理石;
–基于PCC(聚合物改性的水泥砂浆)或ECC(环氧树脂改性的水泥砂浆)的修补或找平料;
–金属或合金,例如铝、铁、钢、铜、其它有色金属,包括表面精炼的金属或合金,例如镀锌或镀铬金属;
–柏油或沥青;
–皮革、织物、纸、木材、与树脂(例如酚醛树脂、三聚氰胺树脂或环氧树脂)粘合的木质材料、树脂-织物复合材料或其他所谓的聚合物复合材料;
–塑料,例如硬质和软质PVC、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚酰胺、PMMA、ABS、SAN、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、PUR、POM、TPO、PE、PP、EPM或EPDM,各自是未处理的或例如通过等离子体、电晕或火焰表面处理的;
–纤维增强塑料,例如碳纤维增强塑料(CFK)、玻璃纤维增强塑料(GFK)和片状模塑复合物(SMC);
–绝缘泡沫,特别是由EPS、XPS、PUR、PIR、岩棉、玻璃棉或泡沫玻璃(发泡玻璃)制成的绝缘泡沫;
–涂覆或涂漆的基材,尤其是涂漆的瓷砖、涂覆的混凝土、粉末涂覆的金属或合金或涂漆的金属片材;
–涂料、油漆或清漆,尤其是已用另一地面覆盖层罩面的经涂覆的地面。
如果需要,可在施用前对基材进行预处理,特别是通过物理和/或化学清洁方法或施加活化剂或底漆。
由环氧树脂组合物的固化得到固化的组合物。
环氧树脂组合物优选用作涂料、底漆、粘合剂、密封剂、浇注料、浇铸树脂、浸渍树脂或用作纤维复合材料,尤其是例如CFK或GFK的基质。
环氧树脂组合物特别优选用作涂料。在此,涂料理解为所有种类的平面施加的覆盖物,尤其是地面覆层、刷涂料、清漆、密封剂、底涂层、底漆或保护性涂层,尤其是还指用于重防腐的那些。
环氧树脂组合物特别适合作为室内的地面覆层或地面涂层,例如办公室、工业车间、体育馆或冷藏室,或用于阳台、露台、停车场、桥梁或屋顶的室外区域,作为混凝土、水泥、金属、塑料或木材的保护性涂料,例如用于木结构、车辆、装载区、罐、筒仓、竖井、管道、机器或钢结构的表面密封,例如船舶、桥墩、海上平台、闸门、水电站、水利建筑、游泳池、风力发电机、桥梁、烟囱、起重机或板桩墙的表面密封,或作为底涂层、粘附刷涂料或防腐底漆或用于表面的疏水化。
该环氧树脂组合物特别有利地用于具有环保质量密封的低排放涂料,例如符合Emicode(EC1 Plus)、AgBB、DIBt、蓝天使(Der Blaue Engel)、AFSSET,RTS(M1)和美国绿色建筑委员会(US Green Building Council)(LEED)要求的。
为了用作涂料,环氧树脂组合物有利地具有低粘度和良好流平性的液体稠度。通常在环境温度下,在其适用期内,将混合的组合物以层厚度为约50μm至约5mm的薄膜形式平面施加到基材上。尤其地,通过倾倒在待涂布的基材上,然后使用例如刮刀或带齿抹刀将其均匀铺展来施用。也可以用刷子或辊子或以喷涂的形式施用,例如作为钢上的防腐蚀涂层。固化通常产生基本上均匀的、有光泽的和非粘性的高硬度膜,其对多种不同基材具有良好的粘附性。
在此,环氧树脂组合物特别用于包含以下步骤的涂覆方法中:
(i)将环氧树脂组合物的各组分混合,
(ii)在适用期内将混合的组合物施加到基材上,
随后固化混合的组合物。
可以将另外的涂层施加到完全或部分固化的组合物上,在这种情况下,所述另外的层同样可以是环氧树脂组合物,或者另外的材料,尤其是聚氨酯或聚脲涂层。
还特别优选使用环氧树脂组合物作为粘合剂。当用作粘合剂时,环氧树脂组合物在组分混合后通常具有糊状稠度且具有结构粘性。在施用时,在适用期内将混合的粘合剂施用于待粘合的基材中的至少一个上,并且将两个基材在粘合剂的开放时间内接合以形成粘合连接体。
混合的粘合剂尤其通过刷子、辊、刮刀或抹刀,或从管、料盒或计量装置施加或涂覆。
该粘合剂特别适用于建筑工业,尤其是用于借助由碳纤维增强复合塑料(CFK)制成的钢薄板或薄板来增强建筑结构,用于含有粘结的预制混凝土部件的建筑物,尤其是桥梁或混凝土塔,例如用于风力发电机、竖井、管道或隧道的,或用于含有粘结的天然石材、由纤维水泥、钢、铸铁、铝、木材或聚酯制成的陶瓷元件或部件的建筑物,用于将榫钉或钢筋锚固在钻孔中,用于固定例如扶手、栏杆或门框,用于修复例如尤其是在混凝土养护中填充边缘、孔或接头,或用于将聚氯乙烯(PVC)、柔性聚烯烃或粘合改性的氯磺化聚乙烯的膜粘合到混凝土或钢上。
其它应用领域涉及建筑或制造工业中的结构粘合,尤其是作为粘结砂浆、装配粘合剂、增强粘合剂,例如特别用于将CFK或钢制薄板粘结到混凝土、砌砖或木材上,作为元件粘合剂,例如用于桥梁元件、夹层元件粘合剂、外立面元件粘合剂、增强粘合剂、车身粘合剂或用于风力涡轮机转子叶片的半壳粘合剂。
这种环氧树脂粘合剂同样适用于填充空腔,例如间隙、裂缝或钻孔,其中粘合剂被填充或注入空腔中,并在固化后填充空腔,并以力锁合的方式将空腔的侧面彼此粘合或粘附。
在此,环氧树脂组合物特别用于包含以下步骤的粘合方法中:
(i)将该环氧树脂组合物的各组分混合,
(ii)在适用期内施用所述混合的组合物
–到至少一个待粘合的基材上,并在开放时间内将基材连接形成粘合体,
–或到多个基材之间的空腔或间隙中,并且任选地在开放时间内将锚固件插入到空腔或间隙中,
随后固化混合的组合物。
“锚固件”在此更具体地指钢筋、螺杆或螺栓。因此,这样的锚固件尤其是被粘合剂粘结或锚固在墙、壁、天花板或地基中,使得其一部分以力锁合方式粘结并且其一部分突出并能够承受结构载荷。
可以粘合相同或不同的基材。
由施加和固化环氧树脂组合物得到制品。
因此,本发明还提供了由施用所述环氧树脂组合物获得的制品。
所述制品优选是建筑物或其一部分,尤其是地上或地下建筑的建筑物、办公室、工业车间、体育馆、冷藏室、筒仓、桥梁、屋顶、楼梯间、地板、阳台、露台或停车场地板,或工业品或消费品,特别是码头、海上平台、闸门、起重机、舱壁、管道或风力发电机的转子叶片,或交通工具,例如特别是汽车、卡车、轨道车辆、船、飞机或直升机,或其可安装部件。
该环氧树脂组合物的特征在于有利的性能。它也可以用很少量或不用稀释剂配制,这种配方具有低粘度和良好的加工性能,并且可靠和快速地固化,特别是甚至在湿冷条件下。这导致高机械质量和具有高表面质量的涂层。这种环氧树脂产品特别适合作为涂料,尤其是用于地面。存在于环氧树脂组合物中的胺官能加合物允许在与其它胺和稀释剂组合时的高灵活性,并且允许特别快速的固化。任选的另外包含的IPDA能够实现更高的玻璃化转变温度。
实施例
下文将阐述具体实施例,其旨在进一步阐明所描述的本发明。本发明当然不限于这些描述的具体实施例。
“AHEW”代表胺氢当量。
“EEW”代表环氧当量。
“标准气候条件”(“NK”)是指23±1℃的温度和50±5%的相对空气湿度。
除非另有说明,所用化学品是Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH公司的产品。
测量方法的描述:
粘度在恒温的Rheotec RC30锥板粘度计(锥直径50mm,锥角1°,锥尖-板距离0.05mm,剪切速率10s-1)上测量。
胺值通过滴定(用0.1N HClO4的乙酸溶液对结晶紫)测定。
进行液相色谱(UHPLC)以在外部校准下定量测定用异氰酸苯酯衍生化后的N-苄基1,2-乙二胺。
进行凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)以测定2:1加合物、3:2加合物和>3:2加合物相对于聚苯乙烯标样的重量比。
所用的物质和缩写:
B-EDA混合物 含有约85重量%的N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺和约14重量%的 N,N'-二苄基-1,2-乙二胺的胺混合物,如下所述制备, AHEW 55g/Eq
B-EDA纯 纯化的N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺,如下所述制备,150.2g/mol, AHEW 50g/Eq
DB-EDA N,N'-二苄基-1,2-乙二胺,240.4g/mol,AHEW 120.2g/Eq(来自SigmaAldrich)
制备式(I)和(II)的二胺:
含有N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺和N,N'-二苄基-1,2-乙二胺的胺混合物(B-EDA混合物):
在室温和氮气氛下,向圆底烧瓶中加入180.3g(3mol)1,2-乙二胺。在充分搅拌的同时缓慢滴加106.1g(1mol)苯甲醛在1200ml异丙醇中的溶液,并继续搅拌2小时。然后在连续氢化设备中,在80巴的氢气压力、80℃的温度和5ml/min的流速下,用Pd/C固定床催化剂氢化反应混合物。为了监测反应,使用IR光谱检查亚胺谱带是否在大约1665cm-1处消失。然后在旋转蒸发器上于65℃下浓缩氢化的溶液,除去未反应的1,2-乙二胺、水和异丙醇。这样得到的反应混合物是清澈的浅黄色液体,胺值为678mg KOH/g,并且通过GC测定含有约85重量%的N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺(保留时间8.47-8.57min)和约14重量%的N,N’-二苄基-1,2-乙二胺(保留时间14.27min)。这对应于N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺和N,N'-二苄基-1,2-乙二胺的重量比为86/14。
N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺(纯化的,B-EDA纯):
将50g如上所述制备的含有N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺和N,N'-二苄基-1,2-乙二胺的胺混合物(B-EDA-混合物)在80℃下减压蒸馏,在60-65℃的蒸气温度和0.06mbar下收集到31.3g馏出液(N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺)。获得无色液体,其在20℃下具有8mPa·s的粘度,750mgKOH/g的胺值和通过GC测定的>97%的纯度。
加合物的制备:
加合物A1:(发明实施例)
在氮气氛下预置入53.0g如上所述制备的胺混合物B-EDA混合物(含有0.3mol N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺和0.03mol N,N'-二苄基-1,2-乙二胺),并加热至80℃。在充分搅拌的同时缓慢加入36.8g(0.2mol环氧基)GY 250,通过冷却使反应混合物的温度保持在70-90℃。将反应混合物在该温度范围内保持一小时,然后冷却。得到透明的微黄色液体,其在20℃下的粘度为74Pa·s并且计算的AHEW为117g/Eq。
加合物A1含有根据UHPLC测得的27.8重量%的N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺,和根据GPC测得的加合物分子的重量比为2:1加合物/3:2加合物/>3:2加合物=46.5/27.2/26.3。
加合物A2:(发明实施例)
在氮气氛下预置入45.0g(0.3mol)如上所述制备的纯化的N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺(B-EDA纯)和11.3g(0.05mol)N,N'-二苄基-1,2-乙二胺(DB-EDA),将它们混合并加热至80℃。在充分搅拌的同时缓慢加入36.8g(0.2mol环氧基)GY 250,通过冷却将反应混合物的温度保持在70-90℃。将反应混合物在该温度范围内保持一小时,然后冷却。得到透明的微黄色液体,其在20℃下的粘度为47Pa·s并且计算的AHEW为117.3g/Eq。
加合物A3:(发明实施例)
在氮气氛下预置入45.0g(0.3mol)如上所述制备的纯化的N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺(B-EDA纯)和19.3g(0.08mol)N,N'-二苄基-1,2-乙二胺(DB-EDA),将它们混合并加热至80℃。在充分搅拌的同时缓慢加入36.8g(0.2mol环氧基)GY 250,通过冷却将反应混合物的温度保持在70-90℃。将反应混合物在该温度范围内保持一小时,然后冷却。得到透明的微黄色液体,其在20℃下的粘度为19Pa·s并且计算的AHEW为117.5g/Eq。
加合物A4:(比较例)
在氮气氛下预置入45.0g(0.3mol)如上所述制备的纯化的N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺(B-EDA纯)并加热至80℃。在充分搅拌的同时,缓慢加入36.8g(0.2mol环氧基)GY250,通过冷却将反应混合物的温度保持在70-90℃。将反应混合物在该温度范围内保持一小时,然后冷却。得到透明的微黄色液体,其在20℃下的粘度为262Pa·s并且计算的AHEW为116.3g/Eq。
加合物A4含有根据UHPLC测得的24.2重量%的N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺,和根据GPC测得的加合物分子的重量比为2:1加合物/3:2加合物/>3:2加合物=42.5/27.0/30.5。
固化剂和环氧树脂组合物的制备:
实施例1-12:
对于每个实施例,使用离心混合机(SpeedMixerTMDAC 150,FlackTek Inc.)将表1到3中规定的树脂组分的成分以规定的量(重量份)混合,并在排除水分的情况下储存。
同样加工和储存表1到3中规定的固化剂组分的成分。
然后使用离心混合器将每种组合物的两种组分加工成均匀液体,并且如下立即测试该均匀液体:
混合10分钟后,在20℃下测量粘度(“粘度(10')”)。
在标准气候条件下,通过用刮刀不时地移动混合的组合物(25g)直到它开始胶凝来测定胶凝时间。
为了根据DIN 53505测定肖氏D硬度,在每种情况下制备两个圆柱形试样(直径20mm,厚度5mm)。一个在标准气候条件下储存,并且在1天后和2天后测量硬度(1d NK和2dNK),而将另一种样品在8℃和80%相对湿度下储存并在冷态下1天后和2天后测量硬度(1d8°/80%和2d 8°/80%)。
将第一涂膜以500μm的层厚施涂到玻璃板上,并将其在标准气候条件下储存/固化。在1天后(“硬度(1d NK)”),2天后(“硬度(2d NK)”),4天后(“硬度(4d NK)”),7天后(“硬度(7d NK)”)和14天后(“硬度(14d NK)”)测定该膜的硬度(摆锤硬度,根据DIN EN ISO 1522测量)。一旦获得大于200s的值,就不再测定硬度。14天后,评价膜的外观(在表中称为“外观(NK)”)。如果薄膜具有有光泽的非粘性表面且没有结构,则称其为“良好”。“结构”是指表面上的任何种类的标记或图案。
将第二涂膜以500μm的层厚度施涂到玻璃板上,施涂后立即在8℃和80%相对湿度下储存/固化7天,然后在标准气候条件下储存/固化2周。在施用24小时后,将聚丙烯瓶盖放置在膜上,在盖子下方放置湿海绵。在另外24小时之后,将海绵和瓶盖移除并放置在膜上的新位置处,在24小时之后将它们从新位置处依次移除并重新定位,这总共进行4次。然后以与外观(NK)所述相同的方式评价该膜的外观(在表中命名为“外观(8°/80%)”)。在每种情况下,还报道了由于潮湿海绵或上置的瓶盖而在膜中形成的可见标记的数量和性质。作为“雾浊”,报告白色斑点的数目。将淡白色的变色斑点记为“(1)”。如果在施加放置的盖子后第一个24小时存在由于下沉而引起的环形印记,则报告为“环”。这种环形印记表明涂层尚不可在上面行走。在如此固化的薄膜上再次测定硬度,分别是在8℃和80%相对湿度下7天后(“硬度(7d 8°/80%)”),然后在NK下再过2天(“硬度(+2dNK)”),在NK下7天(“硬度(+7d NK)”),或在NK下14天(“硬度(+14d NK)”)测量。一旦达到大于190s的值,就不再测定硬度。
作为黄变的量度,还测定在耐候性试验机中加负载之后颜色的变化。为此,在玻璃板上再施涂500μm层厚的涂膜,在标准气候条件下储存/固化2周,然后在具有Q-SUN日光-Q滤光器和340nm光强为0.51W/m2的氙灯的Q-Sun Xenon Xe-1型老化测试仪中在65℃的温度下加载72小时(Q-Sun(72h))。然后使用来自Shenzen 3NH Technology Co.LTD的NH310色度计测定经如此加载的膜相比于相应的未经如此加载膜的色差ΔE,所述色度计配备硅光电二极管检测器、光源A、色空间测量界面CIE L*a*b*C*H*。ΔE值最高5表示轻微黄变。
结果在表1到3中报道。
指定为“(Ref.)”的实施例是比较例。
表1:实施例1-4的组成和性能
“n.b.”表示“未测定”
表2:实施例5-8的组成和性能
“n.b.”表示“未测定”
表3:实施例9-12的组成和性能
“n.b.”表示“未测量”
Claims (16)
2.如权利要求1所述的加合物,其特征在于用于制备所述加合物的胺混合物具有不超过5重量%,优选不超过3重量%,更优选不超过2重量%,特别是不超过1重量%的式H2N-A-NH2的二胺含量。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的加合物,其特征在于式(I)和(II)的二胺中的基团A和R是相同的基团。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的加合物,其特征在于,所述式(I)的二胺是N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺,并且所述式(II)的二胺是N,N'-二苄基-1,2-乙二胺。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的加合物,其特征在于所述式(I)的二胺与所述式(II)的二胺之间的重量比在70/30至95/5、优选80/20至90/10的范围内。
6.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的加合物,其特征在于胺混合物是至少一种式H2N-A-NH2的胺与至少一种醛或酮和氢的还原性烷基化的反应产物。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的加合物,其特征在于所述二环氧化物是芳族二环氧化物。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的加合物,其特征在于所述化学计量比为1.3至2、特别是1.4至1.7摩尔的式(I)的二胺比1摩尔当量的二环氧化物的环氧基团。
9.如权利要求8所述的加合物,其特征在于它含有重量比为30/70-80/20的2:1加合物和更高级加合物。
10.如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的加合物,其特征在于它含有小于1重量%的稀释剂或水。
11.用于环氧树脂的固化剂,其包含如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的加合物和至少一种选自其它胺、促进剂和稀释剂的其它成分。
12.如权利要求11所述的环氧树脂固化剂,其特征在于,包含至少一种具有脂族氨基和至少三个胺氢的其它胺,所述其他胺不在制备加合物过程中添加。
13.如权利要求11或12任一所述的环氧树脂固化剂,其特征在于,所述其它胺选自N-苄基-1,2-乙二胺、2,2(4),4-三甲基-1,6-己二胺、1,2-二氨基环己烷、1,3-双(氨基甲基)环己烷、1,4-双(氨基甲基)环己烷、1-氨基-3-氨基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己烷、2(4)-甲基-1,3-二氨基环己烷、1,3-双(氨基甲基)苯、平均分子量Mn为200-500g/mol的聚氧亚丙基二胺和平均分子量Mn为300-500g/mol的聚氧亚丙基三胺。
14.环氧树脂组合物,其包含
–包含至少一种环氧树脂的树脂组分,和
–固化剂组分,其包含权利要求1-9中任一项所述的加合物或权利要求11-13中任一项所述的固化剂。
15.如权利要求14所述的环氧树脂组合物的用途,作为涂料、底漆、粘合剂、密封剂、浇注料、浇铸树脂、浸渍树脂或作为纤维复合材料的基质。
16.由权利要求15所述的用途获得的制品。
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