CN112662402A - Method and equipment for quickly recycling garden waste and soil remediation agent - Google Patents
Method and equipment for quickly recycling garden waste and soil remediation agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN112662402A CN112662402A CN202011276191.6A CN202011276191A CN112662402A CN 112662402 A CN112662402 A CN 112662402A CN 202011276191 A CN202011276191 A CN 202011276191A CN 112662402 A CN112662402 A CN 112662402A
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Abstract
The invention provides a rapid recycling method of garden waste, equipment for implementing the method and a soil remediation agent obtained by adopting the method, wherein the rapid recycling method of garden waste comprises the following steps: step (1), mixing inorganic mineral substances and plant wastes uniformly according to a certain proportion to obtain a mixture; and (2) grinding the mixture for a certain time to reach a certain particle size, so as to obtain the soil remediation agent. The rapid recycling method of garden waste effectively solves the problem that urban garden plant waste is difficult to treat, changes waste into valuable and realizes efficient 'leaf drop root'; on the other hand, the inorganic mineral substances are utilized to supplement some trace elements which are lost in the soil, the biological activation degree of the inorganic mineral substances and the plant wastes on the micro scale is improved through mechanical grinding, and suitable soil microorganisms are supplemented, so that the conversion and the effective utilization rate of beneficial substances are further improved, and the ecological environment of the soil is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of garden waste resource utilization and soil treatment, in particular to a garden waste rapid resource utilization method, equipment and a soil remediation agent.
Background
Landscaping is a public service, and is conducted under the leadership of governments at all levels to improve the quality of life of people and benefit public services of people. At present, on one hand, along with the development of urban modernization and urbanization, the urban population is more and more, and the proportion of greenbelts is relatively reduced; on the other hand, with the improvement of living standard, the requirements of people on living environment quality are higher and higher, the requirements on landscaping in cities are diversified, the scale and the content of engineering are larger and larger, and the landscaping is not simple to plant trees, flowers and grass, but is a modern engineering relating to a plurality of technical fields. However, since the urban environment is different from the natural growth environment of plants, how to maintain the sustainable state of available nutrients in soil under the condition of limited space is a major task and difficulty of urban landscaping.
The key point is its growing environment, where the soil state is the main factor, the good soil state is proper water content, organic matter content not lower than 3-5% and rich microbial colony and amount. The growth state of plants in nature is the 'leaf drop root' along with the growth period and the 'self-circulation' of a good ecological environment, and can always maintain the good soil state required by the growth of the plants; in the landscaping in cities, generally plant remains such as fallen leaves, hay, branches and the like are collected due to the requirement of environmental sanitation, so that the soil is difficult to supplement and nourish naturally, and in addition, the air pollution and ecological environment in the cities are relatively single, so that the environment is difficult to restore by self. Therefore, urban landscaping workers need to regularly apply various chemical fertilizers to soil and deliver nutrient solutions to trees, but the application of the chemical fertilizers for a long time is one time, soil imbalance is caused, some elements are eutrophicated, some elements are seriously lost, and particularly some trace elements cannot be supplemented from common chemical fertilizers.
Therefore, researchers developed some soil conditioners or remediation agents, for example, chinese patent application 201810419469.7, discloses a method for preparing a soil conditioner, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of lignite, 2-5 parts of industrial-grade hydrogen peroxide, 10-20 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 10-20 parts of shell powder, 5-10 parts of mushroom dregs and 3-5 parts of compound microbial agent, and the soil conditioner is obtained by mixing, stirring and sealing fermentation; chinese patent application 201811048792.4 discloses a preparation method of a rice straw-clay composite soil conditioner, which comprises the following raw materials: 20-70 parts of rice straw powder, 30-80 parts of natural porous clay, 5-25 parts of binder, 1-5 parts of carbonization auxiliary agent and 80-150 parts of deionized water, and the product is obtained by mixing, pugging, molding, loading into a box, drying at 125 ℃, and roasting at 650 ℃ for sealing the box, namely 350 ℃. However, in the prior art, the types of raw materials are relatively more, the treatment process is relatively complex, the preparation cost is higher, and the large-scale popularization and application are not facilitated.
Therefore, a preparation method of the soil remediation agent with simple preparation process and low preparation cost is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for quickly recycling garden wastes, equipment for implementing the method and a soil remediation agent obtained by adopting the method. The method for quickly recycling garden wastes adopts plant wastes and inorganic mineral substances as main raw materials, and obtains the soil remediation agent by a low-temperature grinding method. The rapid recycling method of garden waste has simple process and lower cost, and is suitable for wide popularization; the soil remediation agent obtained by the rapid recycling method of garden wastes can stimulate the energy in the soil, improve the microenvironment condition of the soil, is environment-friendly and does not cause environmental pollution.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a rapid resource method of garden waste, which comprises the following steps: step (1), mixing inorganic mineral substances and plant wastes uniformly according to a certain proportion to obtain a mixture; and (2) grinding the mixture for a certain time to reach a certain particle size, so as to obtain the soil remediation agent.
Preferably, in the step (1), the inorganic mineral is one or more of lignite, peat, humus and soil; the plant waste is one or more of fallen leaves, grass and branches.
Preferably, in the step (1), the inorganic mineral is lignite; the plant waste is fallen leaves.
Preferably, in the step (1), the particle size of the lignite is 2-20 mm.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the inorganic mineral to the plant waste is 1-5: 4-9.
Preferably, in the step (1), after the inorganic mineral and the plant waste are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion, a certain amount of alkaline solution is added, wherein the alkaline solution is one of potassium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide solution and ammonia water. In an alkaline environment, part of cellulose in the plant waste is hydrolyzed, and meanwhile, the insect eggs in the plant waste are killed.
Preferably, in the step (1), the concentration of the alkaline solution is 0.005 to 0.2N.
Preferably, in step (1), the mixture has a humidity of 3-20% and a pH of 7.0-8.5. In the mechanical grinding process, the mutual adhesion degree of the inorganic mineral substances and the plant wastes is related to the humidity, a certain humidity is favorable for the mutual adhesion of the lignite and the fallen leaves, and the condition that the friction temperature is increased too fast in grinding is avoided; under the condition of a certain pH value, the existence of alkali can not only improve the dissolution amount of humic acid and other substances in the lignite, but also soften the external tissue structure of fallen leaves, improve the grinding effect and neutralize part of biological organic acid.
Preferably, in the step (2), the grinding time is 2-20min, and the temperature is 80-140 ℃. After inorganic mineral substances and plant wastes are fully ground and fused under the micro environment by mechanical grinding, the mixture has certain biological activation degree, and the activation degree is related to the pH value or the content of alkaline compounds. In addition, the grinding time is related to the composition of the raw materials, the content of the plant wastes is high, and the grinding time is relatively short; the smaller the particle size, the longer the grinding time; the longer the grinding time, the higher the internal temperature, and the temperature should not be controlled too high, and batch grinding can be used. In the grinding process, inorganic mineral substances and plant wastes act coordinately, tear and surface defects are generated, the activation degree is high, the adsorption and fusion are sufficient, the trace elements are favorably separated out and absorbed and utilized by microorganisms, the substance transformation is promoted, and the insect eggs are favorably further killed. The smaller the ground particles are, the more the surface defects of the particles are, the larger the specific surface area is, the stronger the adsorbability is, the better the dispersibility is, the more easily the particles are absorbed by microorganisms and root systems, and the higher the activation degree of each substance is, the higher the bioavailability is.
Preferably, the particle size of the soil remediation agent is 2-500 μm. That is, in the step (2), the mixture is ground for a certain time to obtain fine particles with the particle size of 2-500 μm, and the fine particles can be directly used as a soil remediation agent.
Preferably, in the step (2), grinding the mixture for a certain time to reach the grain size, adding a certain amount of microbial agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soil remediation agent. The microbial agent is added to enable the microorganisms to be attached to the surface of fine particles obtained after grinding, so that the bioavailability of beneficial substances can be improved, the amplification of microbial flora is enhanced, and the ecological environment of soil is improved.
Preferably, the microbial agent comprises one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, aspergillus oryzae, saccharomyces cerevisiae, azotobacter, nitrobacteria and saprophytic bacteria, and the mass ratio of the microbial agent to the mixture is 0.002-0.008: 1.
Preferably, the soil remediation agent has a moisture content of 6-30%.
The invention also provides equipment for implementing the rapid resource method of the garden waste.
Preferably, the equipment comprises a pretreatment device, a grinding device and a discharge device, wherein the pretreatment device is used for mixing inorganic mineral substances and plant wastes according to a certain proportion and an adding sequence to obtain a mixture; the grinding device is used for grinding the mixture; and the discharging device is used for sealing, packaging or granulating the obtained soil remediation agent.
Preferably, the device is a vehicle-mounted device or a modular device.
Preferably, the milling device is a lightning mill, a ball mill, a flour mill, a micronizer or a screw extruder.
The invention also provides a soil remediation agent obtained by the rapid recycling method of garden wastes.
The method adopts plant wastes and inorganic mineral substances as main raw materials, and obtains the soil remediation agent by a low-temperature grinding method, so that the problem that the urban garden plant wastes are difficult to treat is effectively solved, waste is changed into valuable, and high-efficiency 'leaf fall-back root' is realized; on the other hand, the inorganic mineral substances are used for supplementing some trace elements which are lacked in the soil, the biological activation degree of the inorganic mineral substances and the plant wastes on the micro scale is improved through mechanical grinding, and the proper microbial agent is used for assisting, so that the conversion and the effective utilization rate of beneficial substances are further improved, and the ecological environment of the soil is improved. The rapid recycling method of garden waste is simple and easy to implement, has low cost and is suitable for large-scale popularization and use; the soil remediation agent obtained by the rapid recycling method of garden wastes can stimulate the energy in the soil, improve the microenvironment condition of the soil, is environment-friendly and does not cause environmental pollution.
Detailed Description
The terms as used herein:
"prepared from … …" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.
The conjunction "consisting of … …" excludes any unspecified elements, steps or components. If used in a claim, the phrase is intended to claim as closed, meaning that it does not contain materials other than those described, except for the conventional impurities associated therewith. When the phrase "consisting of … …" appears in a clause of the subject matter of the claims rather than immediately after the subject matter, it defines only the elements described in the clause; other elements are not excluded from the claims as a whole.
When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when the range "1 ~ 5" is disclosed, the ranges described should be construed to include the ranges "1 ~ 4", "1 ~ 3", "1 ~ 2 and 4 ~ 5", "1 ~ 3 and 5", and the like. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range.
In these examples, the parts and percentages are by mass unless otherwise indicated.
"part by mass" means a basic unit of measure indicating a mass ratio of a plurality of components, and 1 part may represent any unit mass, for example, 1g or 2.689 g. If we say that the part by mass of the component A is a part by mass and the part by mass of the component B is B part by mass, the ratio of the part by mass of the component A to the part by mass of the component B is a: b. alternatively, the mass of the A component is aK and the mass of the B component is bK (K is an arbitrary number, and represents a multiple factor). It is unmistakable that, unlike the parts by mass, the sum of the parts by mass of all the components is not limited to 100 parts.
"and/or" is used to indicate that one or both of the illustrated conditions may occur, e.g., a and/or B includes (a and B) and (a or B).
The invention provides a rapid recycling method of garden waste, which comprises the following steps:
step (1), mixing inorganic mineral substances and plant wastes uniformly according to a certain proportion to obtain a mixture;
as a preferred embodiment, the inorganic mineral is one or more of lignite, peat, humus, soil; the plant waste is one or more of fallen leaves, grass and branches;
as a preferred embodiment, after inorganic minerals and plant wastes are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion, a certain amount of alkaline solution is added, wherein the alkaline solution is one of potassium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide solution and ammonia water; the alkaline solution is added, so that the tissue of the plant waste is softened, the coordination effect between inorganic mineral substances and the plant waste is enhanced, and the activation degree is improved;
as a specific example, the inorganic mineral is lignite; the plant waste is fallen leaves; the alkaline solution is a potassium hydroxide solution; wherein the particle size of the lignite is 2-20mm, the mass ratio of the lignite to fallen leaves is 1-5:4-9, and the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 0.005-0.2N; the humidity of the mixture is 3-20%, and the pH value is 7.0-8.5;
in the step, lignite and fallen leaves are mixed, and the humidity and the pH value of the mixture are adjusted by a potassium hydroxide solution, wherein a certain humidity is favorable for the mutual adhesion of the lignite and the fallen leaves, so that the condition that the friction temperature is increased too fast during grinding is avoided; under the condition of a certain pH value, the existence of alkali can not only improve the dissolution amount of humic acid and other substances in the lignite, but also soften the external tissue structure of fallen leaves, improve the grinding effect and neutralize part of biological organic acid;
and (2) grinding the mixture for a certain time to reach a certain particle size, so as to obtain the soil remediation agent.
As a preferred embodiment, after grinding the mixture for a certain time and reaching the particle size, adding a certain amount of microbial agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soil remediation agent;
as a preferable example, in the step (2), the grinding time is 2 to 20min, the temperature is 80 to 140 ℃, and the particle size of the fine particles obtained after grinding is 2 to 500 μm; the microbial agent comprises one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, aspergillus oryzae, saccharomyces cerevisiae, azotobacter, nitrobacteria and saprophytic bacteria, and the mass ratio of the microbial agent to the mixture is 0.002-0.008: 1; the humidity of the soil remediation agent is 6-30%.
And (2) fully grinding and fusing the inorganic mineral substances and the plant wastes under a micro environment by utilizing mechanical grinding, wherein the mixture has a certain biological activation degree, and the activation degree is related to the pH value or the content of alkaline compounds. In addition, the length of the grinding time is related to the composition of the raw materials, the content of the plant wastes is high, and the grinding time is relatively short; the smaller the particle size, the longer the grinding time, depending on the temperature; the longer the grinding time, the higher the internal temperature, and the temperature should not be controlled too high, and batch grinding may be employed. In the grinding process, inorganic mineral substances and plant wastes act coordinately, tear and surface defects occur, the activation degree is high, the adsorption and fusion are sufficient, the trace elements are favorably separated out and absorbed and utilized by microorganisms, and the substance conversion is promoted. The smaller the milled particles, the higher the degree of activation of each substance and the higher the bioavailability. In addition, the microbial agent is added, so that microorganisms are attached to the surface of fine particles obtained after grinding, the bioavailability of beneficial substances can be improved, the amplification of microbial flora is enhanced, and the ecological environment of soil is improved.
The invention also provides equipment for implementing the rapid resource method of the garden waste.
As a preferred embodiment, the equipment comprises a pretreatment device, a grinding device and a discharge device, wherein the pretreatment device is used for mixing inorganic minerals and plant wastes according to a certain proportion and an adding sequence to obtain a mixture; the grinding device is used for grinding the mixture; and the discharging device is used for sealing, packaging or granulating the obtained soil remediation agent.
The equipment is on-board equipment or modularization equipment, wherein, grinder is thunder mill, ball mill, milling machine, superfine pulverizer or screw extruder, can select suitable grinder according to the constitution of mixture and the hardness of brown coal.
The invention also provides a soil remediation agent obtained by the rapid recycling method of garden wastes.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for quickly recycling garden waste, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 20 parts of lignite and 80 parts of fallen leaves, and adding a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.06N to control the humidity of the mixture to be 16-18% and the pH value to be 7.4-7.8;
(2) and (2) adding the mixture into a Raymond mill, grinding for 10min to obtain fine particles with the particle size of 2-8 mu m, then adding bacillus subtilis with the mass ratio of 0.002, controlling the humidity to be 12-18%, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed packaging or granulation to obtain the soil remediation agent.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for quickly recycling garden waste, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 50 parts of lignite and 50 parts of fallen leaves, and adding a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.09N to control the humidity of the mixture to be 12-15% and the pH to be 7.6-8.0;
(2) and adding the mixture into a ball mill, grinding for 20min to obtain fine particles with the particle size of 2-5 mu m, controlling the humidity at 6-10%, and sealing and packaging to obtain the soil remediation agent.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for quickly recycling garden waste, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing peat 10 parts and grass 90 parts uniformly, adding 0.03N potassium hydroxide aqueous solution to control the humidity of the mixture to 16-18% and the pH value to 7.2-7.5;
(2) and adding the mixture into a screw extruder, grinding for 10min to obtain fine particles with the particle size of 2-10 mu m, then adding bacillus megaterium with the mass ratio of 0.008 and the humidity controlled at 15-20%, uniformly mixing, and sealing and packaging or granulating to obtain the soil remediation agent.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for quickly recycling garden waste, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 10 parts of lignite and 90 parts of branch and leaf mixed waste, and adding a 0.05N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to control the humidity of the mixture to be 15-18% and the pH to be 7.3-7.6;
(2) and adding the mixture into a Raymond mill, grinding for 15min to obtain fine particles with the particle size of 2-8 mu m, then adding saccharomyces cerevisiae with the mass ratio of 0.002, controlling the humidity at 12-18%, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed packaging or granulation to obtain the soil remediation agent.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a method for quickly recycling garden waste, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 20 parts of humus and 80 parts of grass, and adding a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.06N to control the humidity of the mixture to be 16-18% and the pH to be 7.4-7.8;
(2) and (2) adding the mixture into a grinding mill, grinding for 10min to obtain fine particles with the particle size of 2-8 mu m, then adding bacillus subtilis with the mass ratio of 0.002, controlling the humidity to be 12-18%, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed packaging or granulation to obtain the soil remediation agent.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a method for quickly recycling garden waste, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 20 parts of soil and 80 parts of mixed waste of branches and leaves, and adding a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.06N to control the humidity of the mixture to be 16-18% and the pH value to be 7.4-7.8;
(2) and (2) adding the mixture into a grinding mill, grinding for 10min to obtain fine particles with the particle size of 2-8 mu m, then adding bacillus subtilis with the mass ratio of 0.002, controlling the humidity to be 12-18%, uniformly mixing, and carrying out sealed packaging or granulation to obtain the soil remediation agent.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a method for quickly recycling garden waste, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 20 parts of soil and 80 parts of mixed waste of branches and leaves, controlling the humidity of the mixture to be 16-18% and the pH value to be 7.4-7.8;
(2) and (3) adding the mixture into an ultrafine grinder to grind for 2min to obtain fine particles with the particle size of 400-500 mu m, then adding nitrobacteria with the mass ratio of 0.002, controlling the humidity at 12-18%, uniformly mixing, and sealing and packaging or granulating to obtain the soil remediation agent.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a method for quickly recycling garden waste, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 20 parts of soil and 80 parts of leaves, controlling the humidity of the mixture to be 16-18% and the pH value to be 7.4-7.8;
(2) and adding the mixture into a grinding mill, grinding for 8min to obtain fine particles with the particle size of 200-300 mu m, controlling the humidity to be 12-18%, and sealing, packaging or granulating to obtain the soil remediation agent.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims above, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A rapid resource method of garden waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), mixing inorganic mineral substances and plant wastes uniformly according to a certain proportion to obtain a mixture;
and (2) grinding the mixture for a certain time to reach a certain particle size, so as to obtain the soil remediation agent.
2. The method for rapidly recycling garden waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic minerals to the plant waste in the step (1) is 1-5: 4-9.
3. The method for rapidly recycling garden waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic minerals and the plant waste are uniformly mixed in a certain ratio in the step (1), and then a certain amount of alkaline solution is added, wherein the concentration of the alkaline solution is 0.005-0.2N.
4. The method for rapidly recycling garden waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixture has a humidity of 3-20% and a pH of 7.0-8.5 in the step (1).
5. The method for rapidly recycling garden waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grinding time is 2-20min and the temperature is 80-140 ℃ in the step (2).
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the soil remediation agent is 2-500 μm.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mixture is ground for a certain time to reach the particle size, and then a certain amount of microbial inoculum is added and mixed uniformly to obtain the soil remediation agent.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the moisture content of the soil remediation agent is 6-30%.
9. An apparatus for implementing the rapid recycling method of garden waste as claimed in claim 1.
10. The soil remediation agent for use as a fast resource of garden waste as claimed in claim 1.
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| CN105036126A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-11-11 | 河北德谦生物科技有限公司 | Device for recycling agricultural wastes |
| CN105219397A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2016-01-06 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of saline-alkali land soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
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| DE102015100644A1 (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-07-21 | Jörg Frigge Vermögensverwaltungs GmbH & Co. Elfte Kommanditgesellschaft | Production of a liquid soil additive based on humic and fulvic acids for use as soil and water adjuvant to positively influence the soil-water-plant-nutrient balance |
| CN105036126A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-11-11 | 河北德谦生物科技有限公司 | Device for recycling agricultural wastes |
| CN105219397A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2016-01-06 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of saline-alkali land soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210416 |
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