CN112661569A - Moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 206010022971 Iron Deficiencies Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminoisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 6
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- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 6
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- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- JVXHQHGWBAHSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydron;iron(2+) Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JVXHQHGWBAHSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer, which comprises core layer particles, wherein the surfaces of the core layer particles are sequentially coated with a controlled-release inner layer, a nutrient outer layer and a controlled-release outer layer, and the core layer particles and the nutrient outer layer respectively comprise citric acid, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, urea and attapulgite; the controlled release inner layer and the controlled release outer layer both comprise calcium sulfate and attapulgite. Citric acid, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, urea and attapulgite are prepared into chelate liquid, and then calcium sulfate and the attapulgite are prepared into a controlled release material; drying the chelating solution to prepare core layer particles, and then spraying the controlled-release material, the chelating solution and the controlled-release material in sequence to obtain the moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer. The fertilizer prepared by the invention can provide citric acid-ferrous urea with high effectiveness and long lasting period for crops, and simultaneously can reduce the alkalinity of soil and improve salinization, and no additional fertilizer is needed in one-time fertilization; effectively treat iron deficiency yellow leaf phenomenon of crops and promote the improvement of the yield and the quality of the crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Iron deficiency is a global problem and is widely distributed. Iron deficiency yellowing is a common occurrence in approximately 40% of plants grown on soil worldwide. Iron deficiency yellowing is the most common physiological disorder on calcareous soils, and about one third of the global soils belong to calcareous soils, and has become one of the serious nutritional problems affecting crop production.
At present, two methods of spraying iron fertilizer on leaf surfaces or applying iron fertilizer on soil are mainly used for treating iron deficiency yellow leaf diseases, and the used iron fertilizer mainly comprises inorganic iron fertilizer (such as ferrous sulfate) and chelated iron fertilizer (such as EDTA-iron fertilizer and EDDHA-iron fertilizer). When the inorganic iron fertilizer is applied to soil, the agronomic effectiveness of the inorganic iron fertilizer is poor. This is mainly because a large proportion of the applied iron will rapidly turn into very insoluble ferric compounds, resulting in the applied iron not providing more soluble iron to the plants than the iron originally present in the soil; most of the leaf surface sprayed iron fertilizer can only have local or temporary effect. The application effect of the chelated iron fertilizer soil is good, but the chelated iron cost is high, the quality of the chelating agent is unstable, and the chelated iron fertilizer soil cannot be popularized and used in a large area. In addition, the traditional iron fertilizer is mainly ferrous salt, and is influenced by soil texture, so that the loss after rainwater washing is great, the effect is not obvious in many cases, and the yellowing symptom of fruit trees is not well improved. In the prior art, a chelated iron fertilizer and a controlled release fertilizer are generally used in a combined manner, and a patent with the application number of 201610021839.2 discloses a preparation method of an antioxidant controlled release iron element foliar fertilizer. Therefore, the controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer for controlling the release of nutrients in the fertilizer through water flushing is needed at present, the iron element with high effectiveness and long lasting period is provided for crops, and the fertilizer is applied once without additional fertilizer, so that the labor and the force are saved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide a moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which can provide citric acid-ferrous urea with high effectiveness and long lasting period for crops, and can reduce soil alkalinity, improve salinization, effectively treat iron deficiency yellow leaf phenomenon of crops, and promote the improvement of crop yield and quality. The fertilizer is applied once without additional fertilizer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer, which comprises core layer particles, wherein the surfaces of the core layer particles are sequentially coated with a controlled-release inner layer, a nutrient outer layer and a controlled-release outer layer, and the mass ratio of the core layer particles to the controlled-release inner layer to the nutrient outer layer to the controlled-release outer layer is (1-2): (1-2): (3-4): (2-3).
Preferably, the core layer particles and the nutrient outer layer both comprise the following raw materials: citric acid, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and urea; the controlled-release inner layer and the controlled-release outer layer both comprise the following raw materials: calcium sulfate and attapulgite.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a preparation method of the moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing citric acid and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, adding deionized water, and stirring to react to obtain solution A; mixing the solution A with urea, and stirring for reaction to obtain solution B; adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the solution B, performing suction filtration to obtain a citric acid-ferrous urea solution, adding attapulgite powder into the citric acid-ferrous urea solution, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, and drying the mixed solution to reduce the water content of the mixed solution to 20-30% to obtain a chelate material;
(2) mixing and crushing calcium sulfate and attapulgite powder to obtain a controlled release material;
(3) granulating the chelate material prepared in the step (1) to obtain core layer particles, spraying water on the surfaces of the core layer particles, uniformly scattering the controlled-release material prepared in the step (2) on the surfaces of the core layer particles to enable the controlled-release material to be uniformly adhered to the surfaces of the core layer particles to form a controlled-release inner layer, and drying to obtain double-layer particles uniformly wrapped with the controlled-release material; uniformly scattering the chelate material obtained in the step (1) on the surfaces of the double-layer particles to enable the chelate material to be uniformly adhered on the surfaces of the double-layer particles to form a nutrient outer layer, and drying to obtain three layers of particles uniformly wrapped with the nutrient outer layer; spraying water on the surfaces of the three layers of particles, uniformly scattering the controlled release material obtained in the step (2) on the surfaces of the three layers of particles to enable the controlled release material to be uniformly adhered on the surfaces of the three layers of particles to form a controlled release outer layer, and drying to obtain four layers of particles uniformly wrapped with the controlled release material, namely the moisture sensitive controlled release chelated iron fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the citric acid to the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is 1: (3-4); the addition amount of the deionized water is 1.5 times of the total mass of the citric acid and the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate.
Preferably, in the step (1), citric acid and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate are mixed in the step (1), and deionized water is added to be stirred for 4-5 min at 70-80 ℃ for reaction, so as to obtain the solution A. And stirring the solution A and urea at 80-90 ℃ for 4-5 min to react to obtain solution B.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the solution A to the urea is (5-6): (1-2); the addition amount of the absolute ethyl alcohol accounts for 10% of the mass of the liquid B.
Preferably, in the step (1), the particle size of the attapulgite powder is 120 meshes, and the mass ratio of the attapulgite powder to the citric acid-ferrous urea solution is (1-2): (5-8).
Preferably, in the step (1), the drying temperature of the mixed solution is 60 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the calcium sulfate to the attapulgite powder is (5-6): (1-2), wherein the particle size of the attapulgite powder is 120 meshes; the drying temperature is not higher than 80 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3), the drying temperature is not higher than 70 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (4), the temperature for drying is not higher than 80 ℃.
In a third aspect of the invention, the application of the moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer in the aspects of iron deficiency treatment and soil alkalinity reduction of crops is provided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer provided by the invention has a four-layer structure, and the nutrients in the inner layer of the moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer are controlled to be released layer by layer through moisture scouring, so that a long-acting nutrient supply effect is achieved, wherein the outer controlled-release layer and the inner controlled-release layer are composed of calcium sulfate and attapulgite, are slightly soluble in water and compact in texture, and are resistant to moisture scouring, when the outer controlled-release layer is released to soil, calcium elements in the soil can be supplemented and the outer nutrient layer is exposed, the outer nutrient layer starts to release effective iron elements and reduce the alkalinity of the soil, and the outer nutrient layer is composed of citric acid and urea double-chelated ferrous iron, so that the; after the nutrient outer layer is released, the release time of the core layer particles can be effectively prolonged by the controlled release inner layer which is slightly soluble in water and has compact texture, and the fertilizer does not need to be applied once, thereby saving labor and time.
2. The water-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer provided by the invention provides citric acid-ferrous urea with high effectiveness and long lasting period, and can reduce soil alkalinity, improve salinization, effectively treat iron-deficiency yellow leaf phenomenon of crops, and promote the improvement of crop yield and quality. The moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer provided by the invention can provide effective iron element for a long time, so that multiple fertilization is not needed in the planting process, and the labor cost and the material cost are saved. But also can reduce the alkalinity of the soil, improve salinization, be beneficial to the healthy development of a soil ecosystem and have long-term economic benefits.
3. The moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer disclosed by the invention is few in raw material variety, easy to obtain and very low in cost, and not only can the crop yield be improved, but also the planting cost can be reduced.
Drawings
Figure 1 is the change in effective iron content in soil during the test.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As introduced in the background section, the application effect of the iron-chelated fertilizer soil is better, but the iron chelate cost is higher and the quality of the chelating agent is unstable. Because of the influence of soil texture, the loss after rain wash is great, the effect is not obvious in many cases, and the yellowing symptom of the fruit trees is not well improved. Therefore, there is a need for a method for improving the stability of ferrous ions, preventing the ferrous ions from being oxidized and precipitated, and effectively controlling the release of the ferrous ions.
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. According to the moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer prepared by the invention, ferrous ions are higher in stability through double chelation of citric acid and urea, and are not easy to oxidize, precipitate and invalidate, so that the operation is controllable; meanwhile, the citric acid-ferrous urea can realize long-term effect under the rain wash through the slightly soluble and compact calcium sulfate-attapulgite controlled release layer, so that the long-acting moisture sensitive controlled release of the iron fertilizer is effectively realized, and the manpower input is reduced.
Because the iron deficiency symptoms of crops often occur in summer and rainy season, the iron deficiency yellow leaf phenomenon usually occurs after heavy rainfall, and the summer rainfall in areas (north China, northwest China, north China and the like) where the iron deficiency yellow leaf is likely to occur is about 500-800 mm; due to the characteristics of the controlled release outer layer, the inventor finds through experiments that the controlled release outer layer starts to release the nutrient outer layer after being washed by 100-plus-200 mm rainwater, the nutrient outer layer can keep the continuous release period of 50-100mm rainfall, the controlled release inner layer starts to release core layer particles after being washed by 100-plus-150 mm rainwater due to small particle size, and the core layer particles can also keep the continuous release period of 50mm rainfall, so the mass ratio of the core layer particles, the controlled release inner layer, the nutrient outer layer and the controlled release outer layer is (1-2): (1-2): (3-4): (2-3). The 4-layer coating can realize the iron element release period similar to the summer precipitation of China. Therefore, the synchronous release of the iron element with strong precipitation can be realized, and the iron-deficiency yellow leaf disease of crops related to precipitation can be effectively prevented and treated.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional in the art and commercially available.
Example 1
A moisture sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer comprises a core layer particle, a controlled-release inner layer, a nutrient outer layer and a controlled-release outer layer, wherein the mass ratio of the core layer particle to the controlled-release inner layer to the nutrient outer layer is 1: 2: 3: 2.
the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing citric acid and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, adding deionized water 1.5 times of the weight of the mixture, and stirring at 70 ℃ for 4min to react to obtain solution A;
(2) mixing the solution A obtained in the step (1) with urea, and stirring for 5min at 90 ℃ to react to obtain solution B;
(3) grinding attapulgite, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain attapulgite powder for later use; adding 10% by weight of absolute ethyl alcohol into the solution B, performing suction filtration by using a vacuum suction filter to obtain a citric acid-ferrous urea solution, and adding the citric acid-ferrous urea solution into the mixture according to a mass ratio of 5: 1, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, drying the mixed solution at 60 ℃ to reduce the water content of the mixed solution to 20-30% to obtain a chelate material, and granulating the chelate material to obtain core layer particles, wherein the particle size of the core layer particles is 1.5-2 mm;
(4) mixing calcium sulfate and attapulgite powder according to a mass ratio of 5: 1, mixing, crushing, and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a controlled release material for later use;
(5) putting the core layer particles prepared in the step (3) into a granulator, adding the controlled release material prepared in the step (4) when the granulator rotates, uniformly scattering the controlled release material on the surfaces of the core layer particles, adding water in a spray manner to enable the controlled release material to be adhered to the surfaces of the core layer particles to form a controlled release inner layer, and drying the double-layer particles uniformly coated with the controlled release material at 70 ℃ for later use, wherein the particle size of the double-layer particles is 2.5-3 mm;
(6) putting the double-layer particles prepared in the step (5) into a granulator, adding the chelating material prepared in the step (3) when the granulator rotates, uniformly scattering the chelating material on the surface of the double-layer particles to enable the chelating material to be uniformly adhered on the surface of the double-layer particles to form a nutrient outer layer, and drying three layers of particles uniformly coated with the controlled release material at 60 ℃ for later use, wherein the particle size of the three layers of particles is 4-4.5 mm;
(7) and (3) putting the three-layer granules prepared in the step (6) into a granulator, adding the controlled release material prepared in the step (4) when the granulator rotates, uniformly scattering the controlled release material on the surfaces of the three-layer granules, adding water in a spray manner to adhere the controlled release material on the surfaces of the three-layer granules to form a controlled release outer layer, and drying the four-layer granules uniformly coated with the controlled release material at 70 ℃ to obtain the granular moisture-sensitive controlled release chelated iron fertilizer with the four-layer structure, wherein the grain size of the moisture-sensitive controlled release chelated iron fertilizer is 5-5.5 mm.
Example 2
A moisture sensitive controlled release chelated iron fertilizer comprises a core layer particle, a controlled release inner layer, a nutrient outer layer and a controlled release outer layer in a mass ratio of 2: 2: 3: 3.
the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing citric acid and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, adding deionized water with the weight 1.5 times of that of the mixture, and stirring for 4min at 80 ℃ to react to obtain solution A;
(2) mixing the solution A obtained in the step (1) with urea, and stirring for 4min at 80 ℃ to react to obtain solution B;
(3) grinding attapulgite, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain attapulgite powder for later use; adding 10% by weight of absolute ethyl alcohol into the solution B, performing suction filtration by using a vacuum suction filter to obtain a citric acid-ferrous urea solution, and adding the citric acid-ferrous urea solution into the mixture according to a mass ratio of 5: 1, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, drying the mixed solution at 60 ℃ to reduce the water content of the mixed solution to 20-30% to obtain a chelate material, and granulating the chelate material to obtain core layer particles, wherein the particle size of the core layer particles is 2-2.5 mm;
(4) mixing calcium sulfate and attapulgite powder according to a mass ratio of 5: 1, mixing, crushing, and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a controlled release material for later use;
(5) putting the core layer particles prepared in the step (3) into a granulator, adding the controlled release material prepared in the step (4) when the granulator rotates, uniformly scattering the controlled release material on the surfaces of the core layer particles, adding water in a spray manner to enable the controlled release material to be adhered to the surfaces of the core layer particles to form a controlled release inner layer, and drying the double-layer particles uniformly coated with the controlled release material at 70 ℃ for later use, wherein the particle size of the double-layer particles is 2.5-3 mm;
(6) putting the double-layer particles prepared in the step (5) into a granulator, adding the chelating material prepared in the step (3) when the granulator rotates, uniformly scattering the chelating material on the surface of the double-layer particles to enable the chelating material to be uniformly adhered on the surface of the double-layer particles to form a nutrient outer layer, and drying three layers of particles uniformly coated with the controlled release material at 60 ℃ for later use, wherein the particle size of the three layers of particles is 3.5-4 mm;
(7) and (3) putting the three-layer granules prepared in the step (6) into a granulator, adding the controlled release material prepared in the step (4) when the granulator rotates, uniformly scattering the controlled release material on the surfaces of the three-layer granules, adding water in a spray manner to adhere the controlled release material on the surfaces of the three-layer granules to form a controlled release outer layer, and drying the four-layer granules uniformly coated with the controlled release material at 70 ℃ to obtain the granular moisture-sensitive controlled release chelated iron fertilizer with the four-layer structure, wherein the grain size of the moisture-sensitive controlled release chelated iron fertilizer is 4.5-5 mm.
Example 3
A moisture sensitive controlled release chelated iron fertilizer comprises a core layer particle, a controlled release inner layer, a nutrient outer layer and a controlled release outer layer in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 4: 3.
the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing citric acid and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, adding deionized water with the weight 1.5 times of that of the mixture, and stirring for 4min at 80 ℃ to react to obtain solution A;
(2) mixing the solution A obtained in the step (1) with urea, and stirring for 5min at 80 ℃ to react to obtain solution B;
(3) grinding attapulgite, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain attapulgite powder for later use; adding 10% by weight of absolute ethyl alcohol into the solution B, performing suction filtration by using a vacuum suction filter to obtain a citric acid-ferrous urea solution, and adding the citric acid-ferrous urea solution into the mixture according to a mass ratio of 5: 1, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, drying the mixed solution at 60 ℃ to reduce the water content of the mixed solution to 20-30% to obtain a chelate material, and granulating the chelate material to obtain core layer particles, wherein the particle size of the core layer particles is 2-2.5 mm;
(4) mixing calcium sulfate and attapulgite powder according to a mass ratio of 5: 1, mixing, crushing, and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a controlled release material for later use;
(5) putting the core layer particles prepared in the step (3) into a granulator, adding the controlled release material prepared in the step (4) when the granulator rotates, uniformly scattering the controlled release material on the surfaces of the core layer particles, adding water in a spray manner to enable the controlled release material to be adhered to the surfaces of the core layer particles to form a controlled release inner layer, and drying the double-layer particles uniformly coated with the controlled release material at 70 ℃ for later use, wherein the particle size of the double-layer particles is 2.5-2.8 mm;
(6) putting the double-layer particles prepared in the step (5) into a granulator, adding the chelating material prepared in the step (3) when the granulator rotates, uniformly scattering the chelating material on the surface of the double-layer particles to enable the chelating material to be uniformly adhered on the surface of the double-layer particles to form a nutrient outer layer, and drying three layers of particles uniformly coated with the controlled release material at 60 ℃ for later use, wherein the particle size of the three layers of particles is 4-4.5 mm;
(7) and (3) putting the three-layer granules prepared in the step (6) into a granulator, adding the controlled release material prepared in the step (4) when the granulator rotates, uniformly scattering the controlled release material on the surfaces of the three-layer granules, adding water in a spray manner to adhere the controlled release material on the surfaces of the three-layer granules to form a controlled release outer layer, and drying the four-layer granules uniformly coated with the controlled release material at 80 ℃ to obtain the granular moisture-sensitive controlled release chelated iron fertilizer with the four-layer structure, wherein the grain size of the moisture-sensitive controlled release chelated iron fertilizer is 5.5-6 mm.
Test example 1
In order to verify the effect of supplementing effective iron elements by the water-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer, a peanut plot test under iron deficiency stress is carried out on perennial iron deficiency yellow leaf diseased plots.
The field test is carried out in the Temple village of Donglong of Yanjin county, New county, Henan, the soil of the test field is alkaline sandy loam, the soil fertility is low, the pH is 8.08-9.31, and the field water holding capacity is 28.55-33.11%
The test was conducted with 4 treatments in total, a blank Control (CK), conventional fertilization (T1), conventional fertilization + ferrous sulfate (T2), conventional fertilization + moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer (T3, moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer prepared as in example 1). The CK is the same as the T1, T2 and T3 groups in field management, planting density and the like, and the differences are only that:
CK: no fertilizer is applied, and no iron fertilizer is applied;
t1: applying fertilizer conventionally without applying iron fertilizer;
t2: applying the fertilizer conventionally, respectively applying ferrous sulfate 0.5 kg/ mu 2 and 4 months after planting, and applying the fertilizer to the vicinity of root soil by adopting a broadcast application technology;
t3: and (3) applying the moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer prepared in the example 1 by conventional fertilization 2 months after field planting, wherein the application amount of iron in T3 is equal to the total iron application amount in T2, and the fertilizer is applied to the vicinity of root soil by adopting a broadcast application technology.
Each treatment was repeated 3 times.
The most direct manifestation of iron deficiency of peanuts is that leaves are green and yellow, the spad value is reduced, and iron is an essential intermediate for chlorophyll synthesis, so that the invention uses the spad as an index for measuring the iron deficiency of plants. The peanut leaf chlorophyll spad data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 chlorophyll spad values of different treated peanuts
| Test group | Two months after planting, applying ferrous sulfate and 5 days after planting | Four months after planting, 10 days after ferrous sulfate is applied |
| CK | 21.5±4.3b | 19.7±6.2c |
| T1 | 22.4±5.8b | 21.0±4.6c |
| T2 | 43.5±4.9a | 36.5±5.6b |
| T3 | 45.1±5.1a | 46.8±4.5a |
Note: the average data in the same column was compared multiply by duncan, with the values for the tails marked with different letters indicating a significant difference between them (p < 5%).
As can be seen from the data in table 1, the chlorophyll spad values of the groups T2 and T3 which are applied with iron fertilizer are significantly higher than those of the groups CK and T1 which are not applied with iron fertilizer, the difference is significant, and no significant difference exists between CK and T1; the chlorophyll spad value of the T2 group after being sprayed with ferrous sulfate for 5 days has no significant difference with that of the T3 group after being sprayed with moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer, and the chlorophyll spad value of the T2 group after being sprayed with ferrous sulfate for 10 days is significantly lower than that of the T3 group.
Peanut yield assay data are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Test group | Yield per mu (kg/667 m)2) |
| CK | 121.5±11.3c |
| T1 | 422.4±15.8b |
| T2 | 473.5±24.9a |
| T3 | 479.1±21.1a |
Note: the average data in the same column was compared multiply by duncan, with the values for the tails marked with different letters indicating a significant difference between them (p < 5%).
As can be seen from the data in table 2, the yield of T1 peanuts is significantly higher than CK, and the difference is significant, indicating that fertilization can significantly affect peanut yield; the peanut yield of the T2 and T3 groups is respectively improved by 12.1 percent and 13.4 percent compared with that of the T1 conventional fertilization group, and the difference is obvious, which indicates that the peanut yield can be obviously improved by applying the iron fertilizer to the iron-deficient soil; the peanut yield per mu of the T3 group is higher than that of the T2 group.
Test example 2
In order to verify the effects of the moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer of the invention on continuously supplementing the effective iron element in soil and improving the salinization of soil, a plot experiment is carried out on saline-alkali soil plots.
The field test is carried out in the Temple village of Donglong of Yanjin county, New county, Henan, the soil of the test field is alkaline sandy loam, the soil fertility is low, the pH is 9.02-9.11, and the field water holding capacity is 28-33%
The experiment was conducted with 3 treatments in total, with a blank Control (CK), application of ferrous sulfate (T1), application of a moisture sensitive controlled release chelated iron fertilizer (T2, moisture sensitive controlled release chelated iron fertilizer prepared as in example 1).
CK: no application of iron fertilizer;
t1: 0.5 kg/mu of ferrous sulfate is applied to Day1 once;
t2: the Day1 is applied into the moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer at one time, and the application amount of the iron in the T3 is equal to the total application amount of the iron in the T2.
Each treatment was repeated 3 times.
The effective iron content of the soil was measured every 15 days, and the pH of the soil was measured at 60 and 120 days, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Rainfall occurs at the 15 th day, 45 th day and 105 th day of the test, as can be seen from figure 1, the rainfall can cause the soil available iron to be seriously lost, the T1 group can keep a certain content of the soil available iron under the condition of no rainfall, but the content of the soil available iron is sharply reduced after rainfall, the effective period is shorter, the T2 applied moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer can effectively supplement the available iron element after rainfall, and the soil available iron is kept at the normal level and has long effective period.
As can be seen from Table 3, the application of ferrous sulfate in the T1 group has little influence on the pH of the soil, while the application of the moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer in the T2 group can effectively reduce the pH of the soil for a long time, reduce the saline-alkali property of the soil, improve the salinization and be beneficial to the ecological health of the soil.
In conclusion, the moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer provided by the application can promote the increase of the peanut yield, reduce the application times of the iron fertilizer, realize the long-acting controlled release of the iron fertilizer and save the labor cost.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer is characterized by comprising core layer particles, wherein the surfaces of the core layer particles are sequentially coated with a controlled-release inner layer, a nutrient outer layer and a controlled-release outer layer, and the mass ratio of the core layer particles to the controlled-release inner layer to the nutrient outer layer to the controlled-release outer layer is (1-2): (1-2): (3-4): (2-3).
2. The moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core layer particles and the nutrient outer layer both comprise the following raw materials: citric acid, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, urea and attapulgite;
the controlled-release inner layer and the controlled-release outer layer both comprise the following raw materials: calcium sulfate and attapulgite.
3. The method for preparing the moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing citric acid and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, adding deionized water, and stirring to react to obtain solution A; mixing the solution A with urea, and stirring for reaction to obtain solution B; adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the solution B, performing suction filtration to obtain a citric acid-ferrous urea solution, adding attapulgite powder into the citric acid-ferrous urea solution, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution, and drying the mixed solution to reduce the water content of the mixed solution to 20-30% to obtain a chelate material;
(2) mixing and crushing calcium sulfate and attapulgite powder to obtain a controlled release material;
(3) granulating the chelate material prepared in the step (1) to obtain core layer particles, spraying water on the surfaces of the core layer particles, uniformly scattering the controlled-release material prepared in the step (2) on the surfaces of the core layer particles to enable the controlled-release material to be uniformly adhered to the surfaces of the core layer particles to form a controlled-release inner layer, and drying to obtain double-layer particles uniformly wrapped with the controlled-release material; uniformly scattering the chelate material obtained in the step (1) on the surfaces of the double-layer particles to enable the chelate material to be uniformly adhered on the surfaces of the double-layer particles to form a nutrient outer layer, and drying to obtain three layers of particles uniformly wrapped with the nutrient outer layer; spraying water on the surfaces of the three layers of particles, uniformly scattering the controlled release material obtained in the step (2) on the surfaces of the three layers of particles to enable the controlled release material to be uniformly adhered on the surfaces of the three layers of particles to form a controlled release outer layer, and drying to obtain four layers of particles uniformly wrapped with the controlled release material, namely the moisture sensitive controlled release chelated iron fertilizer.
4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the mass ratio of the citric acid to the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is 1: (3-4); the addition amount of the deionized water is 1.5 times of the total mass of the citric acid and the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate.
5. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), citric acid and ferrous sulfate heptahydrate are mixed, deionized water is added, and the mixture is stirred for 4-5 min at 70-80 ℃ to react to obtain solution A; and stirring the solution A and urea at 80-90 ℃ for 4-5 min to react to obtain solution B.
6. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the mass ratio of the solution A to the urea is (5-6): (1-2); the addition amount of the absolute ethyl alcohol accounts for 10% of the mass of the liquid B.
7. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the particle size of the attapulgite powder is 120 meshes, and the mass ratio of the attapulgite powder to the citric acid-ferrous urea solution is (1-2): (5-8).
8. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the mass ratio of the calcium sulfate to the attapulgite powder is (5-6): (1-2), wherein the particle size of the attapulgite powder is 120 meshes.
9. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the drying temperature of the double-layer particles is not higher than 80 ℃; the drying temperature of the three layers of particles is not higher than 70 ℃; the drying temperature of the four layers of particles is not higher than 80 ℃.
10. Use of the moisture sensitive controlled release chelated iron fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for the treatment of iron deficiency in crops and for reducing soil alkalinity.
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| CN202011470077.7A CN112661569A (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2020-12-15 | Moisture-sensitive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| AU2021105310A AU2021105310A4 (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2021-08-11 | Water-senstive controlled-release chelated iron fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113355101A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-07 | 杨慧敏 | Preparation method of saline-alkali soil conditioner |
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| CN1143062A (en) * | 1995-08-17 | 1997-02-19 | 郑州乐喜施磷复肥技术研究推广中心 | Releasion controlled fertilizer |
| CN108129210A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-08 | 郑州高富肥料有限公司 | A kind of multilayer capsule structure sustained-controll-release fertiliser and preparation method thereof |
| CN108689757A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-10-23 | 谢二军 | A kind of water solubility iron fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110105142A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-09 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | A kind of chelating ferrous salt fertilizer of acidity and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110452056A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-11-15 | 句容市后白镇农业服务中心 | A kind of coated release-controlled Synergistic type herbicide fertilizer granules of multilayer and its preparation and method of administration |
-
2020
- 2020-12-15 CN CN202011470077.7A patent/CN112661569A/en active Pending
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1143062A (en) * | 1995-08-17 | 1997-02-19 | 郑州乐喜施磷复肥技术研究推广中心 | Releasion controlled fertilizer |
| CN108689757A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-10-23 | 谢二军 | A kind of water solubility iron fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108129210A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-08 | 郑州高富肥料有限公司 | A kind of multilayer capsule structure sustained-controll-release fertiliser and preparation method thereof |
| CN110105142A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-09 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | A kind of chelating ferrous salt fertilizer of acidity and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110452056A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-11-15 | 句容市后白镇农业服务中心 | A kind of coated release-controlled Synergistic type herbicide fertilizer granules of multilayer and its preparation and method of administration |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113355101A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-07 | 杨慧敏 | Preparation method of saline-alkali soil conditioner |
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