CN112655603B - Biological prevention and control method for large filamentous algae in prawn culture pond - Google Patents
Biological prevention and control method for large filamentous algae in prawn culture pond Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological prevention and control method for large filamentous algae in a prawn culture pond, which adopts tilapia mossambica to biologically prevent and control the large filamentous algae and comprises the following steps: 1) selecting tilapia mossambica with proper weight; 2) feeding and domesticating the selected tilapia; 3) selecting a corresponding throwing mode according to the distribution, the existing stock size and other conditions of the large filamentous algae in the culture pond; 4) after the prevention and control of the large filamentous algae are finished, part of tilapia can be caught. The method utilizes the tilapia mossambica to control the large filamentous algae in the prawn culture pond, can effectively inhibit the growth of algal clumps, reduces the harm caused by excessive propagation and decay of the large filamentous algae, has obvious prevention and control effects, fully utilizes culture resources, can obtain certain economic benefit when the tilapia mossambica ingesting the algal clumps is harvested, fully utilizes the productivity of the pond, saves a large amount of manpower and material resources for manual fishing, and avoids the defects caused by drug algae killing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a biological prevention and control method for large filamentous algae in a prawn culture pond.
Background
The macrofilamentous algae mainly refers to macrofilamentous green algae, and cladophora, hyphomycete, gossypium hirsutum, enteromorpha and the like which have great harm to the aquaculture industry. In the earlier stage of pond culture of prawns, because the water depth is shallow and the transparency of the water body is high, favorable conditions are created for the propagation of large filamentous algae. Once the large filamentous algae invade the aquaculture pond, the large filamentous algae rapidly grow into algae clusters due to the high growth speed, occupy the upper and lower water layers, even float to the surface of the water body to cover the whole water body, generate a large amount of harmful substances after decay and death, seriously deteriorate the physicochemical and biological environment of the water body, cause a large amount of shrimp larvae to die, and the yield of the damaged shrimp pond can be reduced by 50-90%. Because of its rapid development and great harm, the prawn breeding personnel are deeply harmed by the prawns and have no effective control method.
In the face of the harm of macroalgae of the large-scale filamentous algae in the prawn culture pond, the following 3 prevention and control methods are mainly adopted at present:
1. a manual cutting and catching method. The method has the advantages that the operation intensity is high, manpower and material resources are consumed, a large number of shrimp seedlings cannot escape from the algae groups wound by the algae groups, the large number of the shrimp seedlings are lost, the algae groups germinate in a large number of days after the surface algae groups are removed, and the prevention and control effect is poor.
2. Flocculants such as polyacrylamide and mud are used. This method also has potential problems, such as the release of toxins from the flocculated product and damage to the pond substrate, and the unstable effect and adverse effect on shrimp larvae.
3. The medicament removes algae, the applied algicide not only kills harmful algae and removes beneficial algae together, thus seriously affecting the water ecological environment, but also is not easy to control the dosage and the selection of medicament varieties, if the application is improper, the effect is not obvious, and huge loss is also caused.
In addition, biological prevention and control methods are also adopted in the prior art.
For example, patent application No. 201511031244.7 discloses a method for controlling the nutrient level of algae, which comprises stocking freshwater filter-feeding fishes in a pre-settling pond of a waterworks, wherein the stocking amount is 20-100 g per cubic meter of water; and then continuously feeding water into the pre-settling tank for stocking the freshwater filter-feeding fishes, continuously discharging the water, and enabling the water flow to be equal to the water flow, wherein the retention time of the water entering the pre-settling tank is 2-3 days.
The disadvantages of this approach are: the freshwater filter-feeding fishes only eat the microalgae, so the freshwater filter-feeding fishes cannot be applied to the prevention and control of the macrofilamentous algae.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a biological prevention and control method for large filamentous algae in a prawn culture pond, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art, and aiming at solving the problems in the prior art by adopting deterrence and salinity domestication on tilapia to ensure that the tilapia ingests large filamentous algae to achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling harmful algae.
The technical problem solved by the invention can be realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a biological prevention and control method for large filamentous algae in a prawn culture pond adopts tilapia mossambica to perform biological prevention and control on the large filamentous algae, and comprises the following steps:
1) selecting tilapia with proper weight;
2) performing feeding and salinity domestication on the selected tilapia;
3) selecting a corresponding throwing mode according to the distribution, the existing stock size and other conditions of the large filamentous algae in the culture pond;
4) after the prevention and control of the large filamentous algae are finished, part of tilapia can be caught.
Further, the suitable weight of the tilapia in the step 1) is more than 300 g.
Further, the process of diet domestication in the step 2) is as follows:
temporarily breeding tilapia independently, and not feeding any bait in the first three days;
throwing large filamentous algae from the fourth day, only throwing a small amount of large filamentous algae for the first time, and throwing the large filamentous algae for the second time after all the large filamentous algae to be thrown are ingested;
the large filamentous algae thrown for the second time can be increased as appropriate, and the bait throwing amount is controlled within 5 percent of the fish body weight each time;
and repeating the steps until the tilapia is suitable for the ingestion of the large filamentous algae, and transferring the tilapia to a pond with clustered algae clusters for prevention and control.
Further, the method also comprises the seawater domestication of the tilapia, and the process is as follows:
when the method is applied to algae removal of a seawater pond, the tilapia is independently cultured, the salinity is raised by 2-3% every day until the salinity is the same as that of the seawater pond to be thrown, and then the tilapia can be transferred into the seawater pond.
Further, the prevention and control measures of the step 3) comprise a prevention and control method when a pond is clustered with a small amount of large filamentous algae which are dispersedly distributed and does not form a floating state and a prevention and control method when a large amount of algal filament clusters are formed on the water surface;
the preventive measures include:
when a small amount of large filamentous algae which are dispersedly distributed in the pond are found and a floating state is not formed, directly throwing the tilapia fed and domesticated into the pond, wherein the throwing density is 70-100 tails/mu;
then normal pond culture management is carried out, and the growth of the macrofilamentous algae can be controlled;
the prevention and control measures are as follows: when a large amount of algal filament clusters are formed on the water surface of the pond, a purse net is arranged between an algal cluster coverage area and a clear water area for isolation, a large-mesh purse net is used as much as possible on the premise that tilapia cannot escape, a support is used for fixing the purse net, and then the tilapia fed and domesticated is put in an algal cluster area in the purse net;
the throwing density is calculated by the divided areas, and the throwing amount is 350-;
removing the purse net after the algal clumps are cleared.
Furthermore, before feeding the tilapia subjected to feeding and domestication, the water level of the pond needs to be raised to more than 1 m.
Further, if the putting density of the tilapia is more than 600 tails/mu, most of tilapia is caught after large filamentous algae are cleared, and then the seine is removed.
Furthermore, the time after the tilapia is put in is the algae control period, and no fertilizer is applied in the algae control period.
Furthermore, after the tilapia is put in, the prawn baits are temporarily put in the algae control area for 5 to 10 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the tilapia mossambica is used for controlling the large filamentous algae in the prawn culture pond, the growth of large filamentous algae clusters can be effectively inhibited, the harm caused by excessive propagation and decay of the large filamentous algae is reduced, the prevention and control effects are obvious, the culture resources are fully utilized, certain economic benefit can be obtained when the tilapia mossambica ingesting the algal clusters is harvested, the productivity of the pond is fully utilized, a large amount of manpower and material resources for manual fishing are saved, and the defect caused by drug algae killing is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of tilapia mossambica placement density and macroalgae coverage according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a biological prevention and control method for large filamentous algae in a prawn culture pond, which adopts tilapia mossambica to perform feeding prevention and control on the large filamentous algae and comprises the following steps:
1) selecting tilapia with proper weight, wherein the selection standard is as follows:
the weight of the tilapia is more than 300 g.
2) Performing feeding and salinity domestication on the selected tilapia;
the tilapia is independently cultured, and no bait is fed in the first three days, and the process is as follows:
throwing large filamentous algae from the fourth day, only throwing a small amount of large filamentous algae for the first time, and throwing the large filamentous algae for the second time after all the large filamentous algae to be thrown are ingested;
the macrofilamentous algae thrown for the second time can be increased as appropriate, and the bait throwing amount is controlled within 5 percent of the weight of the fish each time.
And repeating the steps until the tilapia is suitable for the ingestion of the large filamentous algae, and transferring the tilapia to a pond with clustered algae clusters for prevention and control.
The method also comprises the acclimation of the seawater adaptation of the tilapia, and the process is as follows:
when the method is applied to algae removal of a seawater pond, the tilapia is independently cultured, the salinity is increased by 2-3% every day until the salinity is the same as that of the seawater pond to be put in, and then the tilapia can be transferred to the seawater pond.
3) Selecting corresponding prevention and control measures according to the distribution of the large filamentous algae in the culture pond, the size of the existing stock and the like;
the prevention and treatment measures for the large filamentous algae clustered in the pond and distributed dispersedly in small quantity are as follows:
when a small amount of large filamentous algae are distributed in the pond and do not form a floating state, directly throwing the tilapia fed and domesticated into the pond, wherein the throwing density is 70-100 tails/mu;
then normal pond culture management is carried out, and the growth of the macrofilamentous algae can be controlled;
the prevention and control measures for a large amount of large filamentous algae clustered in the pond are as follows:
when a large amount of algal filament clusters are formed in the pond, a purse net is arranged between an algal cluster coverage area and a clear water area for isolation, the large-mesh purse net is used as much as possible on the premise that the tilapia cannot escape, a support is used for fixing the purse net, and then the tilapia fed and domesticated is put in an algal cluster area in the purse net;
the throwing density is calculated by the divided areas, and the throwing amount is 350-;
removing the purse net after the algal clumps are cleared.
4) And catching part of tilapia after the prevention and control of the large filamentous algae are finished.
Example 1
Example 1 an embodiment of a freshwater aquaculture pond for penaeus vannamei boone in the five channels of Xinjiang, comprising the following steps,
2 ponds 1# and 2# are selected, the area is about 10 mu, and the seedling density is 3.5-4 ten thousand per mu. Large filamentous algae are found to grow in the 1# pool and the 2# pool, most of the large filamentous algae are distributed below the water surface, and the algae clumps are distributed in a small amount and occupy about 4% and 5% of the area of the water surface.
Prevention and control measures: selecting tilapia according to the standard of the step 1), and performing feeding domestication according to the step 2).
And increasing the water level to more than 1.1 m in the process of putting tilapia, and not applying fertilizer and water. The throwing density is 72 pieces/mu and 85 pieces/mu respectively, and the average weight average is about 300 g. Thereafter, the algal flora is gradually reduced, a small amount of non-agglomerated algal filaments can be still found in the 1# pond until about 43 days after the experiment is finished, but the normal growth of the prawns is not influenced, no obvious algal flora distribution is found in the 2# pond after about 35 days, and the 2-mouth pond achieves a better algae control effect (figure 1).
Example 2
The area of the penaeus vannamei pond is about 8.5 mu, the average water depth is about 60cm, the transparency of a water body is clear, and the bottom of the water body is seen, so that the number of zooplankton is large. Large filamentous algae are clumped, mainly some cladophora, a small amount of filamentous algae and cotton. The algal flora grows vigorously and occupies about 10-15% of the water surface.
Prevention and control measures: selecting tilapia according to the standard of the step 1), and performing feeding domestication according to the step 2).
Setting a purse net in a main growth area of the algal clump, wherein the density of the tilapia thrown in the purse net is about 350/mu, and the weight of the tilapia is between 290 and 370 g; the water depth is increased to about 1.2m, and the deepest part can reach about 170 cm; no fertilizer is applied any more, and the purse seine area is not fed for the moment. After the growth of the algal flora is obviously controlled for 10 days, a small amount of prawn feed is fed. After 25 days, no floating surface algal clumps (figure 1) were seen, and after some tilapia was caught, the seine was removed. Achieves better algae control, has little influence on the culture production, and ensures that the shrimp larvae are healthy and have no diseases during the culture.
Example 3
The area of the prawn pond is about 9 mu, the water is cultured by applying fermented manure at the initial stage of culture, zooplankton is propagated massively, the transparency of water body is high, the water depth is shallow and is about 50-70cm, the filamentous algae and cladophora are propagated massively, the artificial fishing effect at the initial stage is poor, and the propagation is quicker instead. The algal clumps are mainly concentrated in the lower air opening, and the coverage rate of the algal clumps floating on the water surface is about 30 percent of the water surface.
Prevention and control measures:
selecting tilapia according to the standard of the step 1), and performing feeding domestication according to the step 2).
Increasing the depth of the pond water to more than 1.2 m; the application of various fertilizers is prohibited; and arranging a purse net in the boundary area of the algal clump and the open water area, and fixing the purse net by using moso bamboos. The weight of the tilapia thrown is between 380 and 430g, and the actual density of a throwing area is about 660 tails per mu. After about 17 days, floating algal clusters disappear, the coverage rate is reduced to 0 percent (figure 1), most of tilapia is caught, the seine is removed, and conventional feeding management is continued.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A biological prevention and control method for large filamentous algae in a prawn culture pond is characterized in that tilapia is adopted to carry out biological prevention and control on the large filamentous algae, and the steps are as follows:
1) selecting tilapia with proper weight;
2) performing feeding and salinity domestication on the selected tilapia;
the process of food intake domestication in the step 2) is as follows:
temporarily breeding the tilapia independently, and not feeding any bait for the first three days;
throwing large filamentous algae from the fourth day, only throwing a small amount of large filamentous algae for the first time, and throwing the large filamentous algae for the second time after all the large filamentous algae to be thrown are ingested;
the feeding amount of the large filamentous algae thrown for the second time is controlled within 5 percent of the weight of the fish body;
repeating the steps until the tilapia is suitable for the ingestion of the large filamentous algae, and transferring the tilapia to a pond with clustered algae clusters for prevention and control;
the seawater domestication of the tilapia comprises the following steps:
when the method is applied to algae removal of a seawater pond, the tilapia is independently cultured, the salinity is increased by 2-3% every day until the salinity is the same as that of the seawater pond to be put in, and then the tilapia can be transferred into the seawater pond;
3) selecting corresponding prevention and control measures according to the distribution and the current stock of the large filamentous algae in the culture pond;
the prevention and control measures of the step 3) comprise that the pond clusters a small amount of large filamentous algae which are dispersedly distributed, a prevention and control method when the pond does not form a floating state and a prevention and control method when a large amount of algal filament clusters are formed on the water surface;
the prevention and control method for the pond clustered with a small amount of dispersedly distributed large filamentous algae and not forming a floating state is as follows:
when a small amount of large filamentous algae which are dispersedly distributed in the pond are found and a floating state is not formed, directly throwing the tilapia fed and domesticated into the pond, wherein the throwing density is 70-100 tails/mu;
then normal pond culture management is carried out, and the growth of the macrofilamentous algae can be controlled;
the prevention and control method when a large amount of algal filament clusters are formed on the water surface is as follows:
when a large amount of algal filament clusters are formed on the water surface of the pond, a purse net is arranged between an algal cluster coverage area and a clear water area for isolation, a large-mesh purse net is used as much as possible on the premise that tilapia cannot escape, a support is used for fixing the purse net, and then the tilapia fed and domesticated is put in an algal cluster area in the purse net;
the throwing density is calculated by the divided areas, and the throwing amount is 350-;
removing the purse net after the algal clumps are removed;
4) and catching part of tilapia after the prevention and control of the large filamentous algae are finished.
2. The biological prevention and control method for macrofilamentous algae in a prawn culture pond according to claim 1, wherein the suitable weight of tilapia in step 1) is more than 300 g.
3. The biological prevention and control method for large filamentous algae in a prawn culture pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein before feeding the tilapia after feeding and domestication, the water level in the pond needs to be raised to more than 1 m.
4. The biological prevention and control method for large filamentous algae in a prawn culture pond according to claim 1, wherein if the putting density of tilapia is more than 600 tails/mu, most tilapia is caught after large filamentous algae are cleared, and then the seine is removed.
5. The method for biologically controlling macrofilamentous algae in a prawn culture pond according to claim 1, wherein the time after tilapia is released is an algae control period, and no fertilizer is applied during the algae control period.
6. The biological prevention and control method for large filamentous algae in a prawn culture pond according to claim 1, wherein after tilapia is thrown, the throwing of prawn baits is suspended for 5-10 days in the algae control area.
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