CN112618513A - 一种益生菌微胶囊及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种益生菌微胶囊及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种益生菌微胶囊及其制备方法和应用,该益生菌微胶囊包含:益生菌、天然纤维和疏水性载体,其中,所述益生菌与天然纤维的质量比为0.4∶1~1.2∶1,可获得完整均匀的微胶囊,并能有效保存益生菌活性,提高菌粉储藏稳定性和胃酸、胆盐的耐受性。该制备方法包含以下步骤:(1)将益生菌分散在天然纤维中;(2)将步骤(1)所得混合物分散于疏水性载体中形成微胶囊;(3)将步骤(2)所得微胶囊干燥,上述制备方法益生菌损耗小、可有效保存益生菌活性,且干燥过程短暂,大大节约了能源及降低冻干损伤。制备所得的益生菌微胶囊可应用于制备药品、食品及日用品,应用场景广泛,应用中易保存,使用更高效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种益生菌微胶囊及其制备方法和应用,尤其涉及一种可有效保持益生菌活性的益生菌微胶囊及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
益生菌主要是指乳酸菌,是能产乳酸的一大类细菌的总称,乳酸菌通过粘附定植在宿主肠道,分泌乳酸等有机酸,拮抗竞争有害菌发挥功效,乳酸菌是活的微生物,不耐热,在加工储藏过程中应避免高温,减少损失,乳酸菌的生产工艺中多采用冷冻干燥的方式,冷冻干燥设备昂贵,处理量较小,过程历时久,耗费大量能源,周期长也易造成一定活菌损耗。
在现有益生菌产品中,有的是通过采用先制备微胶囊,然后将微胶囊进行喷雾干燥来制备得到的。在上述制备方法中,多采用海藻酸钠等亲水胶体形成微胶囊,亲水胶体由于其具有亲水性而较难脱水。同时,亲水胶体的复水时间较长,需要经过溶解、灭菌、冷却步骤,然后再加入菌泥混合搅拌均匀,工艺路线较长。此外,亲水胶体溶解较为繁琐,溶解水的引入也加大了后期脱水的难度,脱水后颗粒容易变形,表面坚硬给包装运输带来困难,需要二次包埋处理。
还有的采用可可脂或者代可可脂,利用低沸点脂类的凝固,形成包埋,但是脂类物质在干燥时不利于水分蒸发,多选用冷冻干燥后的益生菌粉二次加工,加工过程长,易造成损失。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明第一目的是提供一种可有效保持益生菌活性的益生菌微胶囊;第二目的是提供一种所述益生菌微胶囊的简便制备方法;第三目的是提供一种所述益生菌微胶囊在制备药品、食品及日用品中的应用。
技术方案:本发明的益生菌微胶囊包含益生菌、天然纤维和疏水性载体,其中所述益生菌与天然纤维的质量比为0.4∶1~1.2∶1。
本申请通过选定组分及其配比,使益生菌得到有效包埋,并且可以正常释放益生菌,不会因过度包埋而发生惰化现象(即释放失效);同时,可以有效保持益生菌的活性,选用组分均为天然可食用组分,对益生菌发挥活性不产生干扰,应用安全,不产生毒害物质,对人体友好,可长期食用或使用。
优选,所述益生菌为乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、链球菌属、乳球菌、明串球菌属中的一种或多种。
本申请的微胶囊对多种益生菌的配伍兼容性广泛,均可以有效包埋并保持活性。
优选,所述天然纤维为蒲公英花绒、小蓟中的一种或多种。
优选,所述天然纤维的孔隙率为60%~75%。
本申请选定的天然纤维具有疏松多孔的中空结构,将天然纤维材料预处理至选定的孔隙率,使天然纤维材料具有合适的比表面积,既发挥了分散作用,又避免了自身的团聚现象;分散同时可以实现益生菌均匀吸附,同时残留的水分也被分散为均匀的小液滴,利于后续干燥。
优选,所述疏水性材料为疏水性二氧化硅、不溶性膳食纤维、可可脂、低沸点油脂中的一种或多种。
优选,所述疏水性材料粒度为120目~200目。
本申请选定的疏水载体材料具有合适的疏水性,既不会因为疏水性过低,过多吸附水分而包埋水分,造成干燥困难;也不会因为疏水性过高,造成颗粒表面粗糙,水分无法从载体迁移,造成水分封堵在内部。
本申请的益生菌微胶囊各组分协同构成一个适度的疏水性物质分散体系,通过有效的物质分散及水分传递,使物料中的水分在干燥过程中迅速除去,保证了益生菌活性。制备微胶囊颗粒蓬松多孔,益生菌粉在天然纤维中被完整的保护起来,也减少在肠胃中的损耗。
本发明还公开了所述益生菌微胶囊的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)将益生菌分散在天然纤维中;
(2)将步骤(1)所得混合物分散于疏水性载体中形成微胶囊;
(3)将步骤(2)所得微胶囊干燥。
其中,步骤(1)中制备混合物时,益生菌与天然纤维的用量质量比为2∶1~6∶1,步骤(2)中制备微胶囊时,步骤(1)制备所得混合物与疏水性材料的用量质量比至少为1∶5,优选的质量比为1∶15~1∶42。
优选,步骤(1)中所述益生菌分散温度为0℃~30℃。
优选,步骤(2)中所述干燥温度为30℃~40℃,干燥空气湿度不高于35%。
本申请的制备方法无需特殊设备,由于选用物料的特殊性质,使得加工过程更简便。
本发明最后公开了所述益生菌微胶囊在制备药品、食品级日用品中的应用。
本申请的益生菌微胶囊具有优良的活性,应用中具有高效性,用量较常规益生菌剂减少。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下显著优点:
(1)该益生菌微胶囊可获得完整均匀的微胶囊,含水量低于5%,并能有效保存益生菌活性,25℃放置6个月存活率仍可达85%以上;提高菌粉储藏稳定性和胃酸、胆盐的耐受性,耐胃酸活性达到85%以上,耐胆盐活性达到55%以上,可应用于制备药品、食品及日用品,应用场景广泛,使用更高效;
(2)该制备方法益生菌损耗小,得率在60%以上,且干燥过程短暂,大大节约了能源及降低冻干损伤。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
1、实验材料
蒲公英花绒,购于中药店,去除叶干、种子等,晒干,反复拍打,形成洁白均匀细腻的白色绒球;采集新鲜小蓟,自然晾干,反复拍打至成均匀细腻的绒白色绒球。
乳酸菌菌株,菌株购于润盈生物有限公司;培养基为MARS培养基,购于青岛海博。
2、实验设备
MIR-253升华培养箱(日本Sanyo公司),GFL002恒温水浴箱(德国GFL公司),GL10MA冷冻离心机(盐城凯特公司),TF-SFD冷冻冻干机(上海田枫实业)。
实施例1
按照如下配方制备益生菌微胶囊:
组分 | 质量比 |
乳杆菌菌泥(菌活度:2×10<sup>10</sup>cfu) | 2 |
蒲公英花绒,孔隙率:60%~75% | 1 |
疏水性二氧化硅,粒度:120目 | 上述混合物的15倍 |
(1)将益生菌液于0℃~30℃分散在灭菌处理过的蒲公英花绒中,搅拌均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)所得混合物分散于疏水性二氧化硅中形成微胶囊;
(3)将步骤(2)所得微胶囊通过传送带干燥或流化床干燥,干燥温度为30℃~40℃,干燥空气湿度不高于35%,即得益生菌微胶囊(微胶囊成品中益生菌与蒲公英花绒质量比为0.4∶1)。
实施例2
与实施例1的区别在于,按照如下配方制备益生菌微胶囊:
组分 | 质量比 |
双歧杆菌菌泥(菌活度:8×10<sup>10</sup>cfu) | 4 |
小蓟,孔隙率:60%~75% | 1 |
可可脂,粒度:200目 | 上述混合物的25倍 |
实施例3
与实施例1的区别在于,按照如下配方制备益生菌微胶囊:
组分 | 质量比 |
链球菌菌泥(菌活度:6×10<sup>10</sup>cfu) | 2 |
蒲公英花绒,孔隙率:60%~75% | 1 |
不溶性膳食纤维,粒度:120目 | 上述混合物的15倍 |
实施例4
与实施例1的区别在于,按照如下配方制备益生菌微胶囊(微胶囊成品中益生菌与蒲公英花绒质量比为1.2∶1):
对比例1
(1)益生菌的培养:选用二次活化的乳杆菌接种到培养基中,接种量为5%~10%,进行培养20~50小时;
(2)益生菌的冻干:将培养后的益生菌使用离心的方法收集菌体(菌活度:2×1010cfu),冷冻干燥45-60小时,冻干粉在-18℃冰箱中备用;
(3)将益生菌冻干粉在0~20℃粉碎、过40目筛。
对比例2
(1)益生菌的培养:选用二次活化的双歧杆菌接种到培养基中,接种量为5%~10%,进行培养20~50小时;
(2)海藻酸钠(2%,m/V)溶液与变性淀粉(2%,m/V)等体积混合,得到壁材溶液,再与离心后的菌体混合(菌活度:8×1010cfu),喷雾器雾化喷入氯化钙(3%,m/V)溶液中,钙离子与海藻酸钠交联反应形成微胶囊,静止固化120min后生理盐水洗涤三次过滤,冷冻干燥。
对比例3
与实施例1的区别在于,按照如下配方制备益生菌微胶囊:
组分 | 质量比 |
乳杆菌菌泥(菌活度:2×10<sup>10</sup>cfu) | 0.2 |
蒲公英花绒,孔隙率:30%~50% | 2 |
二氧化硅,粒度:40目 | 上述混合物的8.8倍 |
对比例4
与实施例2的区别在于,按照如下配方制备益生菌微胶囊:
组分 | 质量比 |
双歧杆菌菌泥(菌活度:8×10<sup>10</sup>cfu) | 10 |
小蓟,孔隙率:大于80% | 1 |
可可脂,粒度:300目 | 上述混合物的44倍 |
实施例5:耐胃酸活性测定
(1)配制MRS培养基,用盐酸调节pH值为3,分装到15×150mm的玻璃试管中,每支4.5mL,121℃灭菌15分钟备用;
(2)配制0.85%(w/w)生理盐水,36mL分装至100ml容积的试剂瓶中,加入数粒粒径5mm~6mm的玻璃珠,同时分装到15×150mm的玻璃试管中,每支4.5mL,121℃灭菌15分钟备用;
(3)称取4g实施例1~4与对比例1~4制备的益生菌菌粉溶解于36mL生理盐水,充分混匀后备用;
(4)吸取0.5mL菌悬液至4.5mL生理盐水试管中,充分混匀,制备10-2稀释度菌悬液,以此方法制备10-3~10-10稀释度菌悬液,用平板倾注法进行菌落计数;
(5)吸取0.5mL菌悬液至4.5mL MRS培养基试管中,充分混匀,制备10-2稀释度菌悬液,以此方法制备3支10-3稀释度菌悬液,置于37℃水浴中;
(6)上述溶液在2h时取出,用生理盐水稀释后,平板倾注法进行菌落计数,结果见表1。
实施例6:耐胆盐活性测定
(1)配制0.85%(w/v)生理盐水,36mL分装至100ml容积的试剂瓶中,加入数粒粒径5mm~6mm的玻璃珠,同时分装到15×150mm的玻璃试管中,每支4.5mL,121℃灭菌15分钟备用;
(2)以灭菌的生理盐水配制胆盐浓度为0.2%和0.3%(w/v)的溶液;
(3)称取4g待测菌粉溶解于36mL生理盐水,充分混匀;
(4)吸取0.5mL菌悬液至生理盐水试管中,充分混匀,制备10-2稀释度菌悬液,以此方法制备10-3~10-10稀释度菌悬液,用平板倾注法进行菌落计数;
(5)分别称取4g实施例1~4与对比例1~4制备的益生菌菌粉溶解于36mL浓度为0.2%和0.3%的胆盐试剂瓶中,充分混匀,置于37℃水浴中;
(6)上述溶液在4h时取出,用生理盐水稀释后,平板倾注法进行菌落计数,结果见表1。
实施例7:益生菌稳定性测定
将制备好的益生菌微胶囊置于25℃恒温箱中储存6个月,测定菌种存活率,结果见表1。
表1益生菌菌粉测定结果汇总
由表1可见,与对比例所制备的益生菌菌粉相比:
(1)本发明所制备的益生菌微胶囊成品得率及常温存活率高,其中,成品得率均在60%以上,在25℃放置6个月后,菌种存活率仍可达85%以上;
(2)制备过程干燥时间更短,不影响菌活度,含水量低于5%,大大节约了能源;
(3)对胃酸、胆盐的耐受率高,耐胃酸活性达到85%以上,耐胆盐活性达到55%以上,有利于益生菌在肠道内定殖;
(4)益生菌微胶囊颗粒完整,粒形均匀细腻,便于包装、储存、运输。
Claims (10)
1.一种益生菌微胶囊,其特征在于,所述益生菌微胶囊包含益生菌、天然纤维和疏水性载体,其中,所述益生菌与天然纤维的质量比为0.4∶1~1.2∶1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌微胶囊,其特征在于,所述益生菌为乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、链球菌属、乳球菌、明串球菌属中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌微胶囊,其特征在于,所述天然纤维为蒲公英花绒、小蓟中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌微胶囊,其特征在于,所述天然纤维的孔隙率为60%~75%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌微胶囊,其特征在于,所述疏水性载体为疏水性二氧化硅、不溶性膳食纤维、可可脂、低沸点油脂中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的益生菌微胶囊,其特征在于,所述疏水性载体的粒度为120目~200目。
7.一种权利要求1~6任一所述益生菌微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:
(1)将益生菌分散在天然纤维中;
(2)将步骤(1)所得混合物分散于疏水性载体中形成微胶囊;
(3)将步骤(2)所得微胶囊干燥。
8.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述益生菌分散温度为0℃~30℃。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述干燥温度为30℃~40℃,干燥空气湿度不高于35%。
10.一种权利要求1~9任一所述的益生菌微胶囊在制备药品、食品及日用品中的应用。
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