CN112609326A - 一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112609326A
CN112609326A CN202011409256.XA CN202011409256A CN112609326A CN 112609326 A CN112609326 A CN 112609326A CN 202011409256 A CN202011409256 A CN 202011409256A CN 112609326 A CN112609326 A CN 112609326A
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nuclear radiation
radiation protection
shielding material
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李玉磊
陈雅萍
程善丽
匡少宝
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Anhui Yingliu Jiuyuan Nuclear Energy New Material Technology Co ltd
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    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料及其制备方法，主要涉及功能高分子复合材料技术及核辐射屏蔽技术领域。本发明涉及的柔性屏蔽材料具有屏蔽防护效率高、人体穿着舒适好、力学性能优良等特点，具体制备步骤包括：功能高分子材料熔融纺丝、功能纤维材料—短纤加工、非织造无纺布的制备。本发明制备的柔性核辐射屏蔽材料可用于核应急、涉核环境作业及操作等领域。

Description

一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明主要涉及功能高分子复合材料技术及核辐射屏蔽技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着各学科技术的迅猛发展，学科之间的相互交叉利用备受关注。核技术也正广泛应用于国防、生产、生活等各个领域，为人类社会文明进步作出伟大贡献。当世界能源问题日益严峻，核能作为绿色能源已发展成为不可或缺的能源，但是伴随着几起重大的核泄露事件，致使人们“谈核色变”。核技术的广泛应用在给人类带来巨大效益的同时，也增加了人们接触各种辐射的机会以及受到其辐射危害的影响。
核技术的发展与人们的生活密切相关，工业探伤、灭菌消毒、辐照加工、医学诊断与治疗、空间探测、成影技术等都极大的推动人类社会的进步。但高能射线对人体造成不可逆的损伤和对环境、设施的破坏逐渐被人们所了解，防护工作是安全运行的保障，尤其对一些复杂环境的防护更需要研究一种新型高效的柔性辐射屏蔽材料以最大限度的降低射线的危害。
因此，基于以上技术背景，本发明公开一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料及其制备方法，对柔性屏蔽材料的多元化发展具有积极意义。
发明内容
一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料，其特征在于，以具有核辐射屏蔽功能的功能高分子基非织造布为主，其制备方法包括：步骤一，采用先进的熔融纺丝工艺技术，将功能化高分子材料由粒状形态转变成连续纤维状；步骤二，将上述功能纤维材料经集束、拉伸、热定形、卷曲、松弛定形、切断得到功能短纤维材料；步骤三，将上述功能短纤维材料经粗梳、精梳、预刺、主刺，功能短纤维相互缠结成网、经热压缩形成具有核辐射屏蔽性能的非织造无纺布材料。
如上所述的一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料，其特征在于，所述功能高分子基材为功能聚丙烯(MPP)、功能聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(MPET)、功能聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(MPBT)、功能聚酰胺(MPA)中的一种或任意几种复合。
如上所述的一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料，其特征在于，所述具有核辐射屏蔽功能的功能高分子基非织造布为一种不需要纺纱织布而形成的织物，只是将纺织短纤维进行定向或随机排列，形成纤网结构，然后经机械方法加固而成。
如上所述的一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料，其特征在于，所述熔融纺丝工艺技术主要包括：1)首先将功能高分子基材送入双螺杆熔融挤出机，功能高分子基材经加热熔融后进入纺丝箱；2)功能高分子基材经计量泵、纺丝箱定形成连续功能纤维材料；3)连续功能纤维材料经高速卷绕机卷绕成纱锭。
如上所述的一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料，其特征在于，所述功能短纤维材料制备流程为：将一般规格(300D-500D)功能连续长纤维集束成≥50万旦的长纤维后，经拉伸、热定形、卷曲、松弛定形、切断，最后得到长度为60-80mm 的功能短纤维材料。
如上所述的一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料，其特征在于，所述具有核辐射屏蔽性能的非织造无纺布材料制备流程为：将权利要求5所述的长度为 60-80mm的功能短纤维材料开松、梳理、铺成纤维网，然后将纤维网在强外力 (水刺或针刺)作用下产生位移、穿插、缠结和抱合，从而可以使纤维网根据需求加固成不同幅宽、不同厚度的无纺布，克重≥300g/m2。此非织造无纺布无经、纬线之分，具有各向同性的性能特点。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明采用功能高分子材料为基材，利用先进熔融纺丝技术、短纤成型技术以及非织造布制造技术，成功得在工业化设备平台上制备出了具有一种屏蔽防护效率高、人体穿着舒适好、力学性能优良等特点的柔性核辐射屏蔽材料。关键的，扩大了现有长纤生产设备应用范围，为企业拓展生产、经营范围，增强社会经济效益奠定了一定基础。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料，其特征在于，以具有核辐射屏蔽功能的功能高分子基非织造布为主，其制备方法包括：步骤一，采用先进的熔融纺丝工艺技术，将功能化高分子材料由粒状形态转变成连续纤维状；步骤二，将上述功能纤维材料经集束、拉伸、热定形、卷曲、松弛定形、切断得到功能短纤维材料；步骤三，将上述功能短纤维材料经粗梳、精梳、预刺、主刺，功能短纤维相互缠结成网、经热压缩形成具有核辐射屏蔽性能的非织造无纺布材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料，其特征在于，所述功能高分子基材为功能聚丙烯(MPP)、功能聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(MPET)、功能聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(MPBT)、功能聚酰胺(MPA)中的一种或任意几种复合。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料，其特征在于，所述具有核辐射屏蔽功能的功能高分子基非织造布为一种不需要纺纱织布而形成的织物，只是将纺织短纤维进行定向或随机排列，形成纤网结构，然后经机械方法加固而成。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料，其特征在于，所述熔融纺丝工艺技术主要包括：1)首先将功能高分子基材送入双螺杆熔融挤出机，功能高分子基材经加热熔融后进入纺丝箱；2)功能高分子基材经计量泵、纺丝箱定形成连续功能纤维材料；3)连续功能纤维材料经高速卷绕机卷绕成纱锭。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料，其特征在于，所述功能短纤维材料制备流程为：将一般规格(300D-500D)功能连续长纤维集束成≥50万旦的长纤维后，经拉伸、热定形、卷曲、松弛定形、切断，最后得到长度为60-80mm的功能短纤维材料。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料，其特征在于，所述具有核辐射屏蔽性能的非织造无纺布材料制备流程为：将权利要求5所述的长度为60-80mm的功能短纤维材料开松、梳理、铺成纤维网，然后将纤维网在强外力(水刺或针刺)作用下产生位移、穿插、缠结和抱合，从而可以使纤维网根据需求加固成不同幅宽、不同厚度的无纺布，克重≥300g/m2。此非织造无纺布无经、纬线之分，具有各向同性的性能特点。
CN202011409256.XA 2020-12-03 2020-12-03 一种用于核辐射防护的柔性屏蔽材料及其制备方法 Pending CN112609326A (zh)

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CN108035068A (zh) * 2017-11-27 2018-05-15 嘉兴佳实纺织有限公司 一种无纺布的制备方法
CN109487366A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2019-03-19 安徽应流久源核能新材料科技有限公司 一种柔性防辐射纤维材料及其制备方法
CN110767340A (zh) * 2019-10-10 2020-02-07 中广核研究院有限公司 一种高含钨量钨硼交联聚乙烯新型复合屏蔽材料

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