CN112609173A - 一种抗腐蚀材料及制作方法 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/42—Coating with noble metals
- C23C18/44—Coating with noble metals using reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
- C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
- C23F13/12—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C23F13/14—Material for sacrificial anodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
Abstract
本发明提供了一种抗腐蚀材料及制作方法，主要透过在基材表面镀上铅与钯所形成的钝化层，在于钝化层表面镀上活化层，且所述活化层主要包括镍金属，如此一来，所述活化层与所述钝化层便会共同发挥牺牲阳极的防腐蚀作用，可有效降低整体的腐蚀速率而达到抗腐蚀效果，且所述活化层与所述钝化层所共同形成的抗腐蚀层越多，整体的抗腐蚀效果就越好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料制作领域，具体而言，涉及一种抗腐蚀材料及制作方法。
背景技术
在实务上，当厂房的管线、水槽、油槽加热炉等物品有需要进行加热时，通常会使用不锈钢陶瓷电加热器，或电伴热线等物品来完成，然而，这些东西用久了难免会遇到锈蚀或腐蚀等问题，尤其在化学工厂内，这种问题更是非常严重。虽然大部分这些物品都会镀上抗腐蚀膜来提供保护，但是，这种抗腐蚀膜仅仅只是单层保护膜，使用久了仍旧会产生锈蚀、腐蚀状况，也因此，本创创作者认为此种问题有须改善的必要。
发明内容
本发明解决的问题是单层保护膜仍旧无法有效解决物品遇到腐蚀、锈蚀等问题。
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种抗腐蚀材料的制作方法，该方法主要先将一基材以无电镀法在表面镀上铅金属与钯金属而共同形成一钝化层，接着将所述基材以蒸馏水进行清洗以后，在所述钝化层表面以电镀法电镀上活化层，且所述活化层的材质包括镍金属。
如此一来，所述活化层与所述钝化层便会共同发挥牺牲阳极的防腐蚀作用，可有效降低整体的腐蚀速率而达到抗腐蚀效果，同时，当所述活化层与所述钝化层所组成的保护层越多，其保护效果越好。此外，本创作更利用贵重金属「钯」，大幅拉开所述活化层与所述钝化层之间的腐蚀电位差，更可有效达到牺牲阳极的防腐蚀效果。
附图说明
图1为本创作的工作流程示意图；
图2为抗腐蚀材料的层状结构；
图3为本创作抗腐蚀对照实验结果图1
图4为本创作抗腐蚀对照实验结果图2
附图标记说明：
1-活化层；2-钝化层；3-基材。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例做详细的说明。
请参阅图1所示，本创作在制作抗腐蚀材料时，一开始先选取一基材3，该基材3的材质不限，本说明书以碳钢为例来说明，所述基材3在取得后必须进行研磨抛光，抛光完成后必须将所述基材3浸泡在丙酮溶液中，同时利用超音波对所述基材3进行震洗，藉以洗去所述基材3表面的杂质、油质，震洗完后再以蒸馏水进行清洗，清洗完后再将所述基材3以擦干或晾干或烘干等方式进行干燥。干燥后再将所述基材3浸泡于硫酸水溶液5分钟后，再以蒸馏水进行清洗。
接着介绍电镀液的制作，首先先取一第一容器，并于所述第一容器内装有蒸馏水，接着将硫酸镍(NiSO4·6H2O)倒入所述第一容器内，直到所述硫酸镍完全溶解后，接着将氯化镍(NiCl2·6H2O)倒入所述第一容器内，同样的也须等到氯化镍完全溶解后在把硼酸(H3BO3)倒入所述第一容器内，得到所述电镀液。所述电镀液取得后，可透过加入稀硫酸进行pH值调整，这里最好调整到所述电镀液的pH值到在4.5～5.5之间，且过程中最好保持温度在50℃上下。此外，所述电解液中各成分较佳为：所述硫酸镍的浓度为240g/L、氯化镍45g/L，及硼酸30g/L。
再来则是介绍无电镀液的制作，首先先准备一第二容器，先将所述氯化钯(PdCl2)及所述盐酸(HCl)中倒入所述第二容器内，等到所述氯化钯完全被所述盐酸溶解后，接着再将氯化铵(NH4Cl)、氨水(NH4OH)依序倒入所述第二容器内，过程中可透过添加蒸馏水来调整所述无电镀液的体积，并在室温下将所述无电镀液进行搅拌24小时，最后当所述第二容器内的溶液欲使用前才添加次磷酸钠(NaH2PO2·H2O)，添加后得到所述无电镀液。所述无电镀液取得后同样需要进行pH值调整，调整的方法是于透过稀盐酸，将稀盐酸加入所述无电镀液内进行调整，直到所述无电镀液的pH值10为止，且而且所述无电镀液中，各成分的比例分别为：氯化钯2g/L、盐酸4mL/L、氯化铵27g/L、氨水150mL/L、次磷酸钠12g/L，其中，所述次磷酸钠是作为还原剂使用。
当制作完所述基材3、所述无电镀液、所述电镀液后，接下来便要开始对所述基材3进行电镀，首先，将所述基材3放入所述无电镀液中，过程中无须外加电源，利用所述无电镀液中的环原剂(次氯酸钠)将钯离子及磷离子还原沉积在所述基材3表面，无电镀过程进行12分钟后，将所述基板3取出，并以蒸馏水清洗后，再进行干燥处理。当此过程完成后会在所述基材3产生一钝化层2，而所述钝化层2的材料包括铅元素与钯钯元素。
接着，将所述基材3与所述电镀液进行电镀处理，电镀的过程中以1A/dm2，的电流进行电镀并持续10分钟，10分钟后将所述基材3取出，同样的利用蒸馏水进行清洗后进行干燥处理，最后会在所述钝化层2上面产生一活化层1，请参阅图2所示，如此一来所述活化层1及所述钝化层2便会共同形成抗腐蚀层，而得到本创作所需要的抗腐蚀材料，其中，所述活化层1的材料包括镍元素。
请参阅图3所示，为了展现出本创作具有较佳的抗腐蚀性，本创作进行盐水浸泡实验，将所述抗腐蚀材料放置于盐水中30天，并观察其腐蚀状况，其计算过程主要是每个一预设天数时，便将所述基板取出，并清除表面所产生的生成物，接着再量测所述基板的重量，然后根据公式：
算出腐蚀速率RC，其中W代表重量损失、t代表浸泡时间、K为常数(1.44*10-5)、A代表暴露面积、D代表抗腐蚀层厚度。同时，本创作更同时以二种对照基材作为对照组来凸显本创作的优点，第一对照基材由外而内依序是铅与钯作为第一层、镍作为第二层、基材做为第三层、第二对照基材由外而内依序则是镍与磷作为第一层、镍做为第二层、基材做为第三层。由该实验可对照出30天候，本创作的腐蚀速率明显低于所述第一对照基材及所述第二对照基材，所以本创作基材在抗腐蚀方面具有较佳效果。
为了让所述基材3具有较佳的抗腐蚀效果的表现，最好反复重复无电镀、电镀数次，直到所述基材3表面具有三层抗腐蚀层为止。请看图4，为本创作以一层抗腐蚀层、二层抗腐蚀层、三层抗腐蚀层于其他条件相同状况下进行抗腐蚀实验，再用扫描式电子显微镜所拍下的图，由上而下依序为所述一层抗腐蚀层、所述二层抗腐蚀层、所述三层抗腐蚀层，由实验可知，当本创作的抗腐蚀层越多时抗腐蚀效果越佳，且为避免膜厚过后、制作成本高等问题，本创作的抗腐蚀层最好以三层为佳。图中特别标示所述钝化层2，以便阅览时可清除得知各层的侵蚀状况。
虽然本公开披露如上，但本公开的保护范围并非仅限于此。本领域技术人员在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的前提下，可进行各种变更与修改，这些变更与修改均将落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种抗腐蚀材料的制作方法，其特征在于包括下列步骤：
(A)取硫酸镍(NiSO4·6H2O)、氯化镍(NiCl2·6H2O)，及硼酸(H3BO3)依序加入一第一容器中，且所述第一容器事先装有蒸馏水，搅拌均匀后得到一电镀液；
(B)取氯化钯(PdCl2)、盐酸(HCl)、氯化铵(NH4Cl)、氨水(NH4OH)、次磷酸钠(NaH2PO2·H2O)，先将所述氯化钯及所述盐酸中倒入一第二容器中，等到所述氯化钯溶解于所述盐酸后，再将所述氯化铵倒入所述第二容器内并均匀搅拌，接着再将所述氨水倒入所述第二容器内，并均匀搅拌24小时以后再加入次磷酸钠，得到一无电镀液；
(C)取一基材，利用所述无电镀液体以无电镀法(electroless plating)对所述基材进行电镀，电镀后将所述基材进行干燥，干燥后利用所述电镀液对所述基材以电镀法进行电镀；
(D)将所述基材以蒸馏水进行清洗。
2.根据权利要求1所述抗腐蚀材料的制作方法，其特征在于，所述基材的材质为碳钢，先将所述基材进行研磨抛光，再浸泡于丙酮中并以超音波进行震荡处理，之后以蒸馏水清洗后进行干燥，干燥后再将所述基材浸泡于硫酸水溶液5分钟后，再以蒸馏水进行清洗。
3.根据权利要求2所述抗腐蚀材料的制作方法，其特征在于，步骤(A)中：于所述电镀液内加入稀硫酸进行pH值调整，直到所述电镀液的pH值到在4.5～5.5之间，且过程中保持温度在50℃，且所述硫酸镍的浓度为240g/L、氯化镍45g/L，及硼酸30g/L。
4.根据权利要求3所述抗腐蚀材料的制作方法，其特征在于，步骤(B)中：于所述无电镀液内加入稀盐酸进行pH值调整，直到所述无电镀液的pH值10为止，且氯化钯2g/L、盐酸4mL/L、氯化铵27g/L、氨水150mL/L、次磷酸钠12g/L。
5.根据权利要求4所述抗腐蚀材料的制作方法，其特征在于，步骤(D)执行完后，再将所述基材依序执行步骤(C)、步骤(D)、步骤(C)、步骤(D)。
6.根据权利要求5所述抗腐蚀材料的制作方法，其特征在于，更设一步骤(E)，执行完步骤(D)后，将所述基板放置于一盐水中，每隔一段时间取出后清除表面所产生的生成物，再测量所述基板重量，然后根据公式：
算出腐蚀速率RC，其中W代表重量损失、t代表浸泡时间、K为常数(1.44*10-5)、A代表暴露面积、D代表抗腐蚀层厚度。
7.一种抗腐蚀材料，其特征在于，包括：
一基材，于所述基材表面设有一抗腐蚀层，所述抗腐蚀层包括一位于所述基材表面的钝化层，及一位于所述钝化层表面的活化层，且所述活化层的材料包括镍元素，所述钝化层的材料包括铅元素与钯钯元素。
8.根据权利要求7所述的抗腐蚀材料，其特征在于，所述基材表面设有三层抗腐蚀层。
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