CN112608943A - 乙型血友病患者来源的诱导多能干细胞的基因矫正及肝系分化方法及其应用 - Google Patents
乙型血友病患者来源的诱导多能干细胞的基因矫正及肝系分化方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种乙型血友病患者来源的诱导多能干细胞的基因矫正及肝系分化方法,针对乙型血友病病人的基因突变位点,利用CRISPR/Cas9系统进行定点基因矫正,筛选成功获得矫正的iPS细胞定向扩增分化为肝细胞,该细胞可在体内外表达正常的具有功能的F IX因子,实现乙型血友病的个性化基因和细胞治疗,可以大大节省治疗成本,同时避免了中和性抗体,病毒感染和血友性关节炎等相关疾病的产生。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种乙型血友病患者来源的诱导多能干细胞的基因矫正及肝系分化方法及其应用。
背景技术
乙型血友病是凝血因子IX缺乏引起的一种遗传性出血性疾病,约占全部血友病病人的15%左右。乙型血友病发病机制主要是由于F IX基因发生点突变、框架移位、缺失、插入等,导致F IX蛋白质结构或功能异常,从而出现凝血障碍。人F IX基因位于X染色体,全长3.4kb,由8个外显子和7个内含子以及侧翼序列组成。成熟的人类F IX由415个氨基酸残基组成,分子量为57000,其中约20%为糖类。在肝细胞内合成,由一个γ-羧基谷氨酸区(Gla),两个类似表皮生长因子(EGF)区,一个激活肽(AP)区和一个催化区构成。在F IX修饰分泌过程中,会释放28个氨基酸的信号肽和18个氨基酸的前肽。当被激活的时候,F IX会在精氨酸145-丙氨酸146肽键和精氨酸180-缬氨酸181肽键2个位点先后发生裂解,释放35个氨基酸激活肽,从而形成重链-轻链结构的功能F IX。
目前乙型血友病的治疗方法主要是外源凝血因子替代法,即采用新鲜冰冻血浆、血浆冷沉淀物、重组凝血因子等补充缺失的F IX。但是这种方法不仅成本高,而且可能引起中和性抗体,病毒感染和血友性关节炎等相关疾病,一定程度上又加重了患者的疾病负担。
发明内容
发明目的:为解决现有技术中存在的技术问题,本发明提出一种制备乙型血友病患者自体诱导多能干细胞的方法,利用乙型血友病病人来源的iPS细胞(诱导性多能干细胞),针对病人的基因突变位点,利用CRISPR/Cas9系统进行定点基因矫正,筛选成功获得矫正的iPS细胞定向扩增分化为肝细胞,该细胞可在体内外表达正常的具有功能的F IX因子,实现乙型血友病的个性化基因和细胞治疗。
为实现上述目的,本发明提出了一种制备乙型血友病患者自体诱导多能干细胞的方法,针对乙型血友病病人的基因突变位点,利用CRISPR/Cas9系统进行定点基因矫正,筛选成功获得矫正的iPS细胞定向扩增分化为肝细胞。
其中,通过如下方法检测患者的基因突变位点:对乙型血友病患者来源的iPS细胞,提取该iPS细胞基因组DNA,利用如下引物序列对外显子序列进行PCR扩增并测序:
引物1:正向引物:CCACTGCCCATTCTCTTCA;
反向引物:TACTTACCAACCTGCGTGCT;
引物2:正向引物:CATGCCCTAAAGAGAAATTGG;
反向引物:TGGGTTAGAGGGTTGGACTG;
引物3:正向引物:TCAGGAAGACAGGAGCATCA
反向引物:GAGGGAAACTTTGAACCATGAG;
引物4:正向引物:ACCCATACATGAGTCAGTAGTTCC;
反向引物:GACACAGAAAGAATTCAGGTTGTAG;
引物5:正向引物:AATACTGATGGGCCTGCTTC;
反向引物:ACCTGGCCTGTGTCTTGC;
引物6:正向引物:GCCTATTCCTGTAACCAGCAC;
反向引物:GACCCTTCTGCCTTTAGCC;
引物7:正向引物:CAATTAGGTCAGTGGTCCCAAG;
反向引物:GGGAAAGTGATTAGTTAGTGAGAGG;
测序结果用DNAMAN软件分析,找到基因突变位置。
具体地,利用CRISPR/Cas9系统进行定点基因矫正的方法为:根据测序结果,设计CRISPR/sgRNA,通过错配检测的方式在HEK293T细胞上验证sgRNA对目标位点的切割能力,选择剪切效率高的sgRNA用于后续基因矫正实验,选用PX459作为CRISPR/Cas9质粒,构建CRISPR/sgRNA载体;设计单链同源模板,通过电击转染进行基因矫正,并用嘌呤霉素(Puromycin)筛选富集阳性克隆。
进一步地,所述单链同源模板中引入同义突变,且引入点在PAM(前间区序列邻近基序)结构5’端附近。
一般来说,同源模板可以是单链DNA,双链DNA或者质粒形式。对于点突变细胞,采用单链DNA作为同源模板。通常单链DNA的长度为100-150nt左右,并将拟矫正的突变位点置于序列中间位置。为了达到较好的矫正效率,切割位点和矫正位点的距离要在100bp之内,最好是10bp之内。
如果同源模板中包含了sgRNA和PAM序列,则有必要引进同义突变,以避免矫正后序列再次被Cas9蛋白切割。同义突变是指只改变碱基序列,不改变氨基酸序列的突变形式。最优的选择是在PAM处引入同义突变,因为PAM结构对sgRNA的识别和Cas9的切割至关重要。当不能在PAM进行同义突变时,则应该在靠近PAM的5’端处引入尽量多的同义突变位点,最好是10bp之内。
具体地,成功获得矫正的iPS细胞通过如下培养方案进行肝系分化:
第1天使用如下培养基进行培养:包含0.5-2%(v/v)的B27(不含维生素A)、50-70ng/ml活化素A、1-3μM CHIR99021的RPMI 1640培养基;
第2-3天使用如下培养基进行培养:包含50-70ng/ml活化素A的PRMI 1640培养基,每日更换培养基;
在第3-8天使用如下培养基进行培养:含1-3%(v/v)B27(含维生素)A、BMP4 10-30ng/ml、bFGF 5-15ng/ml的RPMI 1640培养基,每日更换培养基;
在第8-13天使用如下培养基进行培养:含1-3%(v/v)的B27(含维生素A)、10-30ng/ml HGF的RPMI 1640培养基,每日更换培养基;
第13-18天使用如下培养基进行培养:含有0.02-0.08mg/ml转铁蛋白、0.1~0.3mg/ml胰岛素、0.02~0.06μg/ml硒酸、10-30ng/ml OSM、0.3-0.8μM Dex的IMDM培养基,隔日更换培养基,
其中,上述培养基均先覆盖一层Matrigel基质胶。具体地,Matrigel为提前包被在板子上,Matrigel稀释100倍(即0.18-0.22mg/mL),按1ml/10cm2,旋动培养板,使matrigel均匀分布在孔板表面,室温孵育一小时或37度半小时。
优选地,成功获得矫正的iPS细胞通过如下培养方案进行肝系分化:
第1天使用如下培养基进行培养:包含1%(v/v)的B27(不含维生素A)、60ng/ml活化素A、2μM CHIR99021的RPMI 1640培养基;
第2-3天使用如下培养基进行培养:包含60ng/ml活化素A的PRMI 1640培养基,每日更换培养基;
在第3-8天使用如下培养基进行培养:含1%(v/v)B27(含维生素)A、20ng/mlBMP4、10ng/ml bFGF的RPMI 1640培养基,每日更换培养基;
在第8-13天使用如下培养基进行培养:含1%(v/v)的B27(含维生素A)、20ng/mlHGF的RPMI 1640培养基,每日更换培养基;
第13-18天使用如下培养基进行培养:含有0.05mg/ml转铁蛋白、0.1mg/ml胰岛素、0.05μg/ml硒酸、20ng/ml OSM、0.5μM Dex的IMDM培养基,隔日更换培养基,
其中,上述培养基均先覆盖一层Matrigel基质胶。
通过上述方法制备得到的肝细胞同样在本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明进一步提出了上述肝细胞在制备用于个性化治疗乙型血友病的肝细胞上的应用。
有益效果:本发明利用乙型血友病病人来源的iPS细胞(诱导性多能干细胞),针对病人的基因突变位点,利用CRISPR/Cas9系统进行定点基因矫正,筛选成功获得矫正的iPS细胞定向扩增分化为肝细胞,该细胞可在体内外表达正常的具有功能的F IX因子,实现乙型血友病的个性化基因和细胞治疗,可以大大节省治疗成本,同时避免了中和性抗体,病毒感染和血友性关节炎等相关疾病的产生。
附图说明
图1为患者样本测序结果图;
图2为4条sgRNA在293T上的切割效率;
图3为基因矫正后的iPSCs分化为肝细胞;
图4为凝血因子IX的荧光检测结果和表达量。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,实施例将有助于理解本发明,但是本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1乙型血友病病人来源的iPS细胞凝血因子IX基因测序。
乙型血友病病人来源的iPS细胞为天津血研所友情赠送,针对此iPS细胞,提取其基因组DNA,并利用以下引物对其外显子序列进行PCR扩增。
表1:凝血因子IX PCR引物序列
PCR扩增体系如下:
表2 PCR扩增体系
按如下程序跑PCR:
PCR产物经由2%琼脂糖凝胶验证,送上海生物工程技术有限公司进行测序。测序结果用DNAMAN软件分析。
由测序结果可见,该患者样本在6号外显子处有一个点突变(C>T),未在其余几个外显子发现突变。具体测序结果总结如下:
野生型:
5’-TCACTCAAAGCACCCAATCATTTAATGACTTCACTCGGGTTGTTGGTGGAGAAGATGC-3
患病组:
5’-TCACTCAAAGCACCCAATCATTTAATGACTTCACTTGGGTTGTTGGTGGAGAAGATGC-3’
样本突变位点为c.676C>T,在翻译水平上表现为226位的精氨酸突变成了色氨酸,在蛋白功能上表现为影响F IX的激活,不能生成重链-轻链结构的活性F IX,继而影响正常的凝血功能。
实施例2 CRISPR/sgRNA载体构建。
根据测序结果,利用在线sgRNA设计网站(http://crispr.mit.edu/)设计,选取了理论脱靶率最低的4条CRISPR/sgRNA,后续通过转染HEK293T细胞进行切割效率检测,从而选择切割能力较好的CRISPR/sgRNA,通过错配检测的方式在HEK293T细胞上验证了4条sgRNA对目标位点的切割能力,将4条构建成功的CRISPR/sgRNA质粒分别转染进293T细胞中,3天后提取基因组DNA,用Cruiser primer扩增6号外显子。错配酶处理的产物直接跑2%琼脂糖凝胶,结果如图2所示,其中目的PCR片段长度为644bp,错配酶切割后会产生385bp和259bp两条片段。如图所示,构建的4个CRISPR/sgRNA质粒载体都能够对目的位点进行切割,其中sgRNA2能够产生最大的切割效率。故后以SgRNA2用以后续步骤。
其中CRISPR/Cas9质粒为PX459,sgRNA2序列如下:
SgRNA2 GACTTCACTTGGGTTGTTGGTGG
其中,粗体部分TGG为sgRNA2对应的PAM结构。
考虑突变位点和化学合成的限制,设计长度为129nt的单链同源模板。通常单链DNA的长度为100-150nt左右,并将拟矫正的突变位点置于序列中间位置。为了达到较好的矫正效率,切割位点和矫正位点的距离要在100bp之内,最好是10bp之内。如果直接按照正常序列设计,可能会引起修复后再被剪切的情况,故在同源模板序列中引入同义突变,具体设计如下。
正常F IX基因部分序列氨基酸翻译情况:
斜体标记(c)为样本突变位点,粗体标记(TGG)为sgRNA2对应的PAM结构。在引入同义突变时,首先考虑PAM结构。PAM结构相邻的氨基酸是Gly和Val,相应的密码子如下表所示。
表3:氨基酸Gly和Val密码子情况
根据密码子的碱基序列情况发现不能改变PAM结构,否则会引起氨基酸的变化。因此考虑在PAM结构5’端附近做同义突变,具体序列如下。
表4:相关序列信息
其中斜体标记为样本突变位点,加粗标记为同义突变位点。该同源模板的合成部分由上海生物工程技术有限公司完成。
实施例3基因矫正及克隆筛选。
1、电击转染
1)显微镜下观察iPS细胞,当细胞长至70-80%汇合度而且无明显分化或分化区域不超过20%时,可进行后续的电击转染实验;
2)电击转染前的2-3个小时,用移液枪彻底吸掉孔板中的mTeSR培养基,加入新鲜的mTeSR培养基,并添加10uM ROCK inhibitor,放回细胞培养箱培养;
3)电击转染时,用移液枪彻底吸掉孔板中的mTeSR培养基,每六孔板的一个孔加入1ml预热的Accutase消化液,37度作用5-7分钟;
4)镜下观察细胞,当细胞间隙变松散甚至有细胞脱离基质,立即将细胞吹打下来,并用5倍体积的DPBS稀释Accutase消化液;
5)混匀细胞悬液,取20ul计数,按计数结果分别取0.8×106个细胞转移至EP管,以300g的转速离心5分钟收集细胞;
6)温和地弃掉上清,用100ul最适电转缓冲液重悬0.8×106个细胞;
7)往细胞混合液中加入5ug CRISPR/sgRNA2质粒和5ug同源模板ssODN,温和混匀。具体转染条件如下:
表5:电击转染条件
8)每个电转杯加入100ul上述混合液,采用B016程序进行电击转染;
9)电击后迅速地往电转杯中加入200ul预热的mTeSR培养基,轻轻混匀;
10)将电击后的细胞均匀的接种到事先铺好Matrigel的细胞板,补齐mTeSR培养基至1ml,并加入10uM ROCK inhibitor;
11)将细胞板转移至细胞培养箱,24小时后观察荧光,观察转染效率。
2 Puromycin筛选富集阳性克隆
1)目的细胞电转24小时后,观察镜下荧光表达,确定已成功转染;
2)按0.15M Puromycin浓度进行筛选,每天换液;
3)筛选48小时或对照组细胞已几乎全被杀完,停止药物筛选;
4)用mTeSR培养基正常培养,直至出现肉眼可见的多细胞集落。
3克隆挑取和测序
培养Puromycin筛选的阳性细胞,直至克隆大小可供镜下手动挑取。将挑取的单克隆转至96孔板培养,每孔一个克隆。当克隆汇合度达到80%左右时,1:2比例传至两个96孔板。其中一板常规培养备份,另一板提取基因组DNA。用PCR法扩增目标基因位点,然后直接测序筛选。得到了10个精确矫正的细胞克隆。测序结果如下:
表6发生基因修饰克隆的测序结果
注:粗体字母为样本点突变位点或矫正后的位点。斜体字母为同义突变位点。
由测序结果可知,38个克隆在目标位点发生了基因修饰,即CRISPR/sgRNA2在目标位点产生了剪切效应,切割效率可达84%(38/45)。基因修饰类型有同源重组、非特异点突变、小片段缺失、单碱基插入等。其中有10个克隆根据同源模板发生了精确基因矫正,矫正效率可达26%(10/38)。
4.基因矫正的病人iPSCs的肝系分化
将矫正的病人iPSCs细胞以2x105/cm2的密度,接种到预先包被有Matrigel的细胞培养板上,并添加终浓度10μM ROCK inhibitor。接着以以下四阶段培养方案进行肝系分化。其中,每个阶段培养基均先将Matrigel提前包被在板子上,Matrigel稀释100倍(即0.18-0.22mg/mL),按1ml/10cm2,旋动培养板,使matrigel均匀分布在孔板表面,室温孵育一小时或37度半小时。
表7肝系分化第一阶段分化步骤
表7肝系分化第二、三阶段分化步骤
表8肝系分化第四阶段分化步骤
5.免疫荧光染色
1)从37度培养箱中拿出细胞盘,弃掉培养基,用PBS洗孔三遍;
2)加入室温平衡的4%多聚甲醛固定,室温孵育15-20分钟;
3)吸掉固定液,PBS洗孔三遍,每遍5分钟;
4)加入封闭缓冲液,室温一小时,弃掉封闭缓冲液;
5)用封闭缓冲液稀释一抗(SOX17,AFP,ALB,F IX等抗体),混匀,加入孔内,旋动孔板使均匀分布,4度过夜孵育;
6)第二天弃掉一抗,用洗涤液洗孔三遍,每遍10分钟;
7)用稀释了5倍的封闭缓冲液稀释二抗,加入孔内,避光室温孵育一小时;
8)弃掉二抗,避光用洗涤液洗孔三遍,每遍10分钟;
9)用PBS稀释Hoechst,加入孔内,避光室温孵育10分钟;
10)洗涤液洗孔5分钟,弃掉。加入适量PBS,荧光显微镜下观察。
为了获得肝细胞,将未分化的iPSCs分离成单个细胞,并在添加激活素A的RPMI1640/B27培养基上培养,培养5天后,大多数细胞明确表达内胚层标记物SOX17。为了干细胞分化和增值,细胞在RPMI1640/B27中培养5天,然后用HGF处理5天。在这一分化阶段后,发现这些细胞表达高水平的AFP,表明特定细胞已致力于转化成肝细胞。最后,将培养基更换为HCM,并补充OSM,持续5天,成熟肝细胞可见ALB表达,如图3所示,肝分化的iPSCs在培养过程中的不同阶段及免疫细胞化学特征。在诱导培养基中培养5d、15d和20d,分别检测SOX17、AFP和ALB的特性。标尺=50μm。
6.凝血因子FIX的检测
取细胞培养液上清,进行ELISA检测,分析凝血因子FIX在细胞中的表达量。在分化的最后阶段,细胞表达FIX,免疫细胞化学鉴定FIX,ELISA法定量。如图4所示,A为细胞在诱导培养基中培养20天,检测FIX的性质,其中,标尺=50,B为在培养基中,人FVIII的表达水平。我们还发现FIX的浓度随着分化进程的增加而增加,说明有更多的特异性细胞已向成熟的肝细胞分化,并能分泌FIX。
本发明利用乙型血友病病人来源的iPS细胞(诱导性多能干细胞),针对病人的基因突变位点,利用CRISPR/Cas9系统进行定点基因矫正,筛选成功获得矫正的iPS细胞定向扩增分化为肝细胞,该细胞可在体内外表达正常的具有功能的F IX因子,实现乙型血友病的个性化基因和细胞治疗。
Claims (8)
1.一种乙型血友病患者来源的诱导多能干细胞的基因矫正及肝系分化方法,其特征在于,针对乙型血友病病人的基因突变位点,利用CRISPR/Cas9系统进行定点基因矫正,筛选成功获得矫正的iPS细胞定向扩增分化为肝细胞。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,通过如下方法获知患者的基因突变位点:对乙型血友病患者来源的iPS细胞,提取该iPS细胞基因组DNA,利用如下引物序列对外显子序列进行PCR扩增并测序:
引物1:正向引物:CCACTGCCCATTCTCTTCA;
反向引物:TACTTACCAACCTGCGTGCT;
引物2:正向引物:CATGCCCTAAAGAGAAATTGG;
反向引物:TGGGTTAGAGGGTTGGACTG;
引物3: 正向引物:TCAGGAAGACAGGAGCATCA
反向引物: GAGGGAAACTTTGAACCATGAG;
引物4: 正向引物:ACCCATACATGAGTCAGTAGTTCC;
反向引物:GACACAGAAAGAATTCAGGTTGTAG;
引物5: 正向引物:AATACTGATGGGCCTGCTTC;
反向引物:ACCTGGCCTGTGTCTTGC;
引物6: 正向引物:GCCTATTCCTGTAACCAGCAC;
反向引物:GACCCTTCTGCCTTTAGCC;
引物7:正向引物:CAATTAGGTCAGTGGTCCCAAG;
反向引物:GGGAAAGTGATTAGTTAGTGAGAGG;
测序结果用DNAMAN软件分析,找到基因突变位置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,利用CRISPR/Cas9系统进行定点基因矫正的方法为:根据测序结果,设计CRISPR/sgRNA,通过错配检测的方式在HEK293T细胞上验证sgRNA对目标位点的切割能力,选择剪切效率高的sgRNA用于后续基因矫正实验,选用PX459作为CRISPR/Cas9质粒,构建CRISPR/sgRNA载体;设计单链同源模板,通过电击转染进行基因矫正,并用嘌呤霉素筛选富集阳性克隆。
4.根据权利要求3所的方法,其特征在于,所述单链同源模板中引入同义突变,且引入点在前间区序列邻近基序结构5’端附近。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,成功获得矫正的iPS细胞通过如下培养方案进行肝系分化:
第1天使用如下培养基进行培养:包含0.5-2%(v/v)的B27(不含维生素A)、50-70 ng/ml活化素A、1-3μM CHIR99021 的RPMI 1640培养基;
第2-3天使用如下培养基进行培养:包含50-70 ng/ml活化素A的PRMI 1640培养基,每日更换培养基;
在第3-8天使用如下培养基进行培养:含1-3%(v/v)B27(含维生素)A、BMP4 10-30 ng/ml、bFGF 5-15 ng/ml的RPMI 1640培养基,每日更换培养基;
在第8- 13天使用如下培养基进行培养:含1-3%(v/v)的B27(含维生素A)、10-30ng/mlHGF的RPMI 1640培养基,每日更换培养基;
第13-18天使用如下培养基进行培养:含有0.02-0.08 mg/ml转铁蛋白、0.1~0.3mg/ml胰岛素、0.02~0.06 μg/ml硒酸、10-30ng/ml OSM、0.3-0.8μM Dex的IMDM培养基,隔日更换培养基,
其中,上述培养基均先覆盖一层Matrigel基质胶。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,成功获得矫正的iPS细胞通过如下培养方案进行肝系分化:
第1天使用如下培养基进行培养:包含1%(v/v)的B27(不含维生素A)、60 ng/ml活化素A、2μM CHIR99021 的RPMI 1640培养基;
第2-3天使用如下培养基进行培养:包含60 ng/ml活化素A的PRMI 1640培养基,每日更换培养基;
在第3-8天使用如下培养基进行培养:含1%(v/v)B27(含维生素)A、20 ng/ml BMP4、10ng/ml bFGF的RPMI 1640培养基,每日更换培养基;
在第8-13天使用如下培养基进行培养:含1%(v/v)的B27(含维生素A)、20ng/ml HGF的RPMI 1640培养基,每日更换培养基;
第13-18天使用如下培养基进行培养:含有0.05 mg/ml转铁蛋白、0.1mg/ml胰岛素、0.05 μg/ml硒酸、20ng/ml OSM、0.5μM Dex的IMDM培养基,隔日更换培养基,
其中,上述培养基均先覆盖一层Matrigel基质胶。
7.权利要求1-5所述的方法得到的肝细胞。
8.权利要求7所述的肝细胞在制备用于个性化治疗乙型血友病的制剂上的应用。
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