CN112608208A - 一种室温条件脱羧制备γ-氰基烯烃的合成方法 - Google Patents
一种室温条件脱羧制备γ-氰基烯烃的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种室温条件脱羧制备γ‑氰基取代烯烃的合成方法,本方法以不饱和羧酸与环酮肟酯,在镍和钌催化剂、配体和光照的促进下,于溶剂中在室温下按下述反应式进行反应,得到γ‑氰基取代的烯烃。本发明专利首次实现了温和条件下不饱和羧酸与环酮肟酯的反应。采用本发明方法脱羧合成γ‑氰基烯烃反应条件温和、操作方便、官能团兼容性优越、反应收率高。氰基是一类重要的有机结构片段,广泛存在于天然活性产物、药物分子中。本发明专利为含γ氰基的烯烃提供一种温和、高效、便捷的合成方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化合物质制备技术领域,特别涉及一种含γ-氰基烯烃的制备方法。
背景技术
不饱和羧酸是一类重要的化合物,广泛存在于材料和医药等行业中。不饱和羧酸可以发生脱羧反应构建新的烯烃化合物,而大多数脱酸反应需要很高的反应温度。探索温和的脱羧反应是合成化学的重点研究领域。
另一方面,氰基是一类重要的官能团,广泛存在于各类药物分子、天然产物及各类活性分子中,氰基化合物的合成一直是有机合成的重点研究内容。近来通过不饱和羧酸和环酮肟酯的反应可以制备含γ-氰基取代的烯烃。如Guo报道的下述铁催化不饱和羧酸和环酮肟酯反应制备这类化合物的方法(Org.Lett.2018,20,4614-4617),但该反应条件剧烈,需要100摄氏度的高温,这就带来能量资源的浪费。
本发明提供了一种室温条件不饱和羧酸与环酮肟酯脱羧制备γ-氰基烯烃的合成方法。以不饱和羧酸与环酮肟酯,在镍和钌催化剂、配体和光照的促进下,于溶剂中在室温下反应,制备γ-氰基取代的烯烃。本发明方法反应条件温和、官能团兼容性优越、操作方便。首次实现了温和条件下不饱和羧酸与环酮肟酯的反应制备γ-氰基烯烃的合成方法。
发明内容
本发明提供一种室温条件脱羧制备γ-氰基烯烃的合成方法,本方法以不饱和羧酸与环酮肟酯,在镍和钌催化剂、配体和光照的促进下,于溶剂中在室温下按下述反应式进行反应,得到具有通式(I)的γ-氰基取代的烯烃:
其中R1、R2、R3、R4为芳基取代基烷基取代基;
所述钌催化剂为氯化三(2,2’-联吡啶)钌六水合物(Ru(bpy)3Cl2.6H2O);
所述镍催化剂为氯化镍或溴化镍(II)二乙二醇二甲醚复合物
所述配体为4,4’-二叔丁基-2,2’-联吡啶;
所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺;
优选地,所述不饱和羧酸的物质的量为环酮肟酯的物质的量的2倍。
优选地,所述钌催化剂的物质的量为环酮肟酯的物质的量的5%。
优选地,所述镍催化剂的物质的量为环酮肟酯的物质的量的8%。
优选地,所述配体的物质的量为环酮肟酯的物质的量的10%。
优选地,所述反应温度为室温,反应时间为16小时,光源为460-465纳米波长蓝光。
本发明以不饱和羧酸与环酮肟酯为原料,在镍和钌催化剂、配体和光照的促进下,首次实现了温和条件下的不饱和羧酸脱羧制备含γ-氰基取代的烯烃化合物的合成方法,提供了室温条件下的脱羧制备氰基取代烯烃的合成方法。重要地,烯烃和氰基化合物都是重要的结构片段,广泛存在于各类天然产物,药物分子中。本发明可为各类γ-氰基取代烯烃化合物提供一种温和、高效、便捷的合成方法。本发明同时也提供了为各类含活性不饱和羧酸脱羧衍生化方法。同时本反应体系加料方式简单,无需使用敏感的试剂,在实际使用中更加方便。
附图说明
附图为以此方法制备的各类含γ-氰基取代烯烃化合物的性状和核磁数据;
附图1为合成化合物1的氢谱;附图2为合成化合物1的碳谱;
附图3为合成化合物2的氢谱;附图4为合成化合物2的碳谱;
附图5为合成化合物3的氢谱;附图6为合成化合物3的碳谱;
附图7为合成化合物4的氢谱;附图8为合成化合物4的碳谱;
附图9为合成化合物5的氢谱;附图10为合成化合物5的碳谱;
附图11为合成化合物6的氢谱;附图12为合成化合物6的碳谱;
附图13为合成化合物7的氢谱;附图14为合成化合物7的碳谱;
附图15为合成化合物8的氢谱;附图16为合成化合物8的碳谱
附图17为合成化合物9的氢谱;附图18为合成化合物9的碳谱;
附图19为合成化合物10的氢谱;附图20为合成化合物10的碳谱;
附图21为合成化合物11的氢谱;附图22为合成化合物11的碳谱;
附图23为合成化合物12的氢谱;附图24为合成化合物12的碳谱;
附图25为合成化合物13的氢谱;附图26为合成化合物13的碳谱
附图27为合成化合物14的氢谱;附图28为合成化合物14的碳谱;
附图29为合成化合物21的氢谱;附图30为合成化合物21的碳谱;
附图31为合成化合物22的氢谱;附图32为合成化合物22的碳谱
附图33为合成化合物23的氢谱;附图34为合成化合物23的碳谱;
附图35为合成化合物24的氢谱;附图36为合成化合物24的碳谱;
附图37为合成化合物25的氢谱;附图38为合成化合物25的碳谱;
附图39为合成化合物26的氢谱;附图40为合成化合物26的碳谱;
附图41为合成化合物27的氢谱;附图42为合成化合物27的碳谱
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的一个具体实施方式进行详细描述,但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
实施例1,该实施例的反应式如下所示:
(1)在空气下,氯化三(2,2’-联吡啶)钌六水合物(5mol%),溴化镍(II)二乙二醇二甲醚复合物(8mol%),4,4’-二叔丁基-2,2’-联吡啶(10mol%),环丁酮肟酯(0.2mmol),三乙烯二胺(2当量),肉桂酸(2当量)加入到一个带支管、含有磁子的密封反应管中,反应管抽冲氩气三次。在室温下,在460-465纳米光照下反应16小时。
(2)将步骤(1)中所得物料加入乙酸乙酯充分混合,浓缩,用硅胶柱纯化得到产物,分离收率为84%,产物纯度100%。
实施例2
该实施例的反应式如下所示:
(1)在空气下,氯化三(2,2’-联吡啶)钌六水合物(5mol%),氯化镍(8mol%),4,4’-二叔丁基-2,2’-联吡啶(10mol%),环丁酮肟酯(0.2mmol),三乙烯二胺(2当量),4-羟基肉桂酸(2当量)加入到一个带支管、含有磁子的密封反应管中,反应管抽冲氩气三次。在室温下,在460-465纳米光照下反应16小时。
(2)将步骤(1)中所得物料加入乙酸乙酯充分混合,浓缩,用硅胶柱纯化得到产物,分离收率为72%,产物纯度100%。
实施例3
该实施例的反应式如下所示:
(1)在空气下,氯化三(2,2’-联吡啶)钌六水合物(5mol%),氯化镍(8mol%),4,4’-二叔丁基-2,2’-联吡啶(10mol%),环酮肟酯(0.2mmol),三乙烯二胺(2当量),4-甲氧基肉桂酸(2当量)加入到一个带支管、含有磁子的密封反应管中,反应管抽冲氩气三次。在室温下,在460-465纳米光照下反应16小时。
(2)将步骤(1)中所得物料加入乙酸乙酯充分混合,浓缩,用硅胶柱纯化得到产物,分离收率为72%,产物纯度100%
实施例4
该实施例的反应式如下所示:
(1)在空气下,氯化三(2,2’-联吡啶)钌六水合物(5mol%),氯化镍(8mol%),4,4’-二叔丁基-2,2’-联吡啶(10mol%),环酮肟酯(0.2mmol),三乙烯二胺(2当量),脱落酸(2当量)加入到一个带支管、含有磁子的密封反应管中,反应管抽冲氩气三次。在室温下,在460-465纳米光照下反应16小时。
(2)将步骤(1)中所得物料加入乙酸乙酯充分混合,浓缩,用硅胶柱纯化得到产物,分离收率为65%,产物纯度100%。
实施例5
该实施例的反应式如下所示:
(1)在空气下,氯化三(2,2’-联吡啶)钌六水合物(5mol%),氯化镍(8mol%),4,4’-二叔丁基-2,2’-联吡啶(10mol%),环丁酮肟酯(0.2mmol),三乙烯二胺(2当量),阿曲汀(2当量)加入到一个带支管、含有磁子的密封反应管中,反应管抽冲氩气三次。在室温下,在460-465纳米光照下反应16小时。
(2)将步骤(1)中所得物料加入乙酸乙酯充分混合,浓缩,用硅胶柱纯化得到产物,分离收率为63%,产物纯度100%
本发明提供的一种含γ-氰基取代烯烃的合成方法,其以环酮肟酯和不饱和羧酸为反应底物,首次实现了室温条件下脱羧含γ-氰基取代烯烃的合成方法,解决了γ-氰基取代烯烃的合成反应条件需要高温的问题。同时采用本发明方法合成的取代烯烃具有很高的选择性,同时本反应体系加料方式简单,无需使用对水分和空气敏感的试剂,在实际使用中方便。本反应体系反应条件温和,能很好的兼容各类官能团,为含γ-氰基取代烯烃提供了高效、温和的制备方法。
此方法制备的各类含γ-氰基取代烯烃化合物的结构
以上公开的仅为本发明的具体实施例,但是,本发明实施例并非局限于此,任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化都应落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种室温条件脱羧制备γ-氰基烯烃的合成方法,其特征在于,所述不饱和羧酸的物质的量为环酮肟酯的物质的量的2倍。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种室温条件脱羧制备γ-氰基烯烃的合成方法,其特征在于,所述钌催化剂的物质的量为环酮肟酯的物质的量的5%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种室温条件脱羧制备γ-氰基烯烃的合成方法,其特征在于,所述镍催化剂的物质的量为环酮肟酯的物质的量的8%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种室温条件脱羧制备γ-氰基烯烃的合成方法,其特征在于,所述配体的物质的量为环酮肟酯的物质的量的10%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种室温条件脱羧制备γ-氰基烯烃的合成方法,其特征在于,所述三乙烯二胺的物质的量为环酮肟酯的物质的量的2被。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种含γ-氰基三取代烯烃的合成方法,其特征在于,所述反应温度为室温,反应时间为16小时,光源波长为460-465纳米。
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