CN112601658A - 复合材料再利用装置及方法 - Google Patents

复合材料再利用装置及方法 Download PDF

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CN112601658A
CN112601658A CN201980055395.6A CN201980055395A CN112601658A CN 112601658 A CN112601658 A CN 112601658A CN 201980055395 A CN201980055395 A CN 201980055395A CN 112601658 A CN112601658 A CN 112601658A
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composite
composite material
recycled
raw material
coagulant
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申东秀
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
    • B29C70/342—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及复合材料再利用装置及方法，根据本发明提供的复合材料再利用装置及利用其的复合材料再利用方法，所述复合材料再利用装置包括：用于将废纤维增强塑料粉碎体和填充剂一起分散混合于水中形成复合材料混合物的混合槽；用于将凝结所述废纤维增强塑料粉碎体与所述填充剂的凝固剂供应至所述复合材料混合物中形成再利用原料的凝固剂添加部；及用于接收所述再利用原料形成再利用复合材料薄片的过滤槽，所述过滤槽包括提供内部空间的过滤槽本体、水平设置于所述内部空间且将所述内部空间区分为上部空间和下部空间且向下通过所述再利用原料中的水的过滤网，所述再利用原料供应至所述上部空间。

Description

复合材料再利用装置及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料的再利用技术，更具体来讲，涉及纤维增强塑料(FRP)的再利用装置及方法。
背景技术
纤维增强塑料(FRP：Fiber Reinforced Plastic)材料是一种复合材料，其在酚醛树脂、环氧树脂等基质(matrix)中将纤维材料，如玻璃纤维(Glass fiber)或碳纤维(Carbon fiber)等纤维用作增强材料。
尤其，对于将碳纤维用作增强材料的碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)而言，相较于铁轻1/5且刚度强10倍，是耐冲击性及耐热性优异的高刚度/高弹性尖端材料，用于多种工业领域，如航天宇宙、船舶、车辆及土木/建筑领域。由于这种碳纤维增强塑料是昂贵的材料，因此正在进行诸多努力以开发在废弃步骤中回收和再利用碳纤维的技术。迄今为止，从废碳纤维增强塑料中回收碳纤维的代表性的技术包括使用酸和有机溶剂的化学方法、热分解树脂的加热方法以及超临界方法等。但是，这些方法不仅存在环境问题，而且还存在碳纤维的表面缺陷和刚度降低等问题。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种经济、环保地再利用废纤维增强塑料的装置及方法。
技术方案
为了实现上述本发明的目的，根据本发明的一方面，提供一种复合材料再利用装置，包括：用于将废纤维增强塑料粉碎体和填充剂一起分散混合于水中从而形成复合材料混合物的混合槽；用于将凝结所述废纤维增强塑料粉碎体与所述填充剂的凝固剂供应至所述复合材料混合物中形成再利用原料的凝固剂添加部；及用于接收所述再利用原料形成再利用复合材料薄片的过滤槽，其中，所述过滤槽具有提供内部空间的过滤槽本体、水平设置于所述内部空间以将所述内部空间区分为上部空间和下部空间并向下通过所述再利用原料中的水的过滤网，所述再利用原料供应至所述上部空间。
为了实现上述本发明的目的，根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种复合材料再利用方法，包括：粉碎废纤维增强塑料得到废纤维增强塑料粉碎体的废复合材料粉碎步骤；将所述废纤维增强塑料粉碎体和填充剂一起分散混合在水中得到复合材料混合物的材料混合步骤；向所述复合材料混合物供应用于凝结所述废纤维增强塑料粉碎体与所述填充剂的凝固剂形成再利用原料的凝固剂添加步骤；向过滤槽的所述上部空间投入所述再利用原料的原料投入步骤，其中所述过滤槽具有提供内部空间的过滤槽本体及水平设置于所述内部空间以将所述内部空间区分为上部空间和下部空间并向下通过所述再利用原料中的水的过滤网；及从所述下部空间排出水以在所述过滤网上形成再利用复合材料薄片的排水步骤。
技术效果
本发明能够实现前述记载的本发明的全部目的。具体来讲，在将废纤维增强塑料粉碎体与填充剂一起混合在水中形成的复合材料混合物里添加凝固剂后供应至过滤槽，然后通过排水过程得到再利用复合材料薄片，因此相比于现有技术工艺简单，由此能够节省费用、提高生产性、环保地再利用。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明的一个实施例的复合材料再利用装置的简要示意图；
图2是示出利用图1所示复合材料再利用装置的本发明的一个实施例的复合材料再利用方法的流程图；
图3是示出执行图2的复合材料再利用方法中的排水步骤时的过滤槽的状态的示意图；
图4是示出执行图2的复合材料再利用方法中的真空脱水步骤时的过滤槽的状态的示意图；
图5是示出执行图2的复合材料再利用方法中的压缩脱水步骤的状态的示意图；
图6是示出通过图2的复合材料再利用方法中的层积步骤形成的层积体的侧面图。
具体实施方式
以下参见附图对本发明的实施例的构成及作用进行详细说明。
图1简要示出本发明的一个实施例的复合材料再利用装置的构成。参见图1，本发明的一个实施例的复合材料再利用装置100包括用于将废纤维增强塑料粉碎体和填充剂一起分散混合于水中从而形成复合材料混合物的混合槽110、移送从混合槽110排出的复合材料混合物的混合物移送管120、在混合物移送管120上向从混合槽110排出的复合材料混合物中添加凝固剂的凝固剂添加部130、利用向复合材料混合物中添加凝固剂形成的再利用原料制造复合材料再利用薄片材料的过滤槽140、从过滤槽140排出水的排水管150以及连接于排水管150的真空形成部160。
在混合槽110中，废纤维增强塑料粉碎体与填充剂一起分散混合在水中形成复合材料混合物A。为此，混合槽110具备搅拌器111。废纤维增强塑料粉碎体是利用粉碎机细微地粉碎在制造碳纤维增强塑料或玻璃纤维增强塑料等纤维增强塑料产品的加工过程中发生的碎片(Chip)或纤维增强塑料废弃物而得到的，优选的是使用同一种类的。优选的是废纤维增强塑料粉碎体的长度为10mm以下。本发明中用作纤维增强塑料的增强材料的纤维除了碳纤维、玻璃纤维以外还包括芳纶纤维及天然纤维，用作基质的树脂包括合成树脂和天然树脂。作为填充剂，使用包括用于废纤维增强塑料粉碎体的结合及调节物性的树脂材料的多种功能性填充剂。混合槽110中装有水的状态下供应废纤维增强塑料粉碎体和填充剂，供应至水的废纤维增强塑料粉碎体和填充剂通过搅拌器111均匀分散混合至水中。本实施例的说明中，复合材料混合物A中的废纤维增强塑料粉碎体与填充剂的重量比为8:2。并且，还可以添加改善材料以提高粉碎的废纤维增强塑料的性能。作为改善材料，除了碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维以外还可以使用包括天然纤维的纤维或粉末树脂材料或天然树脂。纤维的情况下还可以使用切成短小的纤维。
从混合槽110排出的复合材料混合物A通过混合物移送管120移送至过滤槽140侧。为此虽未示出，但混合物移送管120具备用于移送复合材料混合物A的移送泵及开闭阀。凝固剂添加部130连接于混合物移送管120，从而向流动于移送管120的复合材料混合物A中供应凝固剂。
凝固剂添加部130向混合物移送管120供应凝固剂，以向流动于混合物移送管120内的复合材料混合物A添加凝固剂。通过凝固剂添加部130添加至复合材料混合物A的凝固剂使得包含于复合材料混合物A的废纤维增强塑料粉碎体能够结构性地凝结并相互固定。凝固剂可以是通常使用的醋酸聚乙烯脂树脂(polyvinyl acetate resin)、硫代硫酸钠(sodium thiosulfate)等。凝固剂添加部130包括用于储存凝固剂的凝固剂储存槽131、连接凝固剂储存槽131和混合物移送管120且将储存于凝固剂储存槽131的凝固剂供应至混合物移送管120的凝固剂供应管133。虽未示出，但凝固剂添加部130还包括通过凝固剂供应管133向混合物移送管120供应储存于凝固剂储存槽131的凝固剂的泵及开闭凝固剂供应管133的开闭阀。本发明中将复合材料混合物A中添加有凝固剂的称为再利用原料。
过滤槽140利用复合材料混合物中添加凝固剂形成的再利用原料制造再利用复合材料薄片。过滤槽140包括过滤槽本体141、设置于过滤槽本体141的内部的过滤网145、设置于过滤槽本体141的内部支撑过滤网145的网支撑体148。
过滤槽本体141包括底部142及从底部142向上延伸的侧壁143。底部142形成有用于排水的排水口1421。侧壁143包括结合成可上下分离的上部侧壁1432及与底部142形成一体的下部侧壁1431。上部侧壁1432与下部侧壁1431之间设置有过滤网145和网支撑体148。通过过滤网145，将过滤槽本体141的内部空间分离成上部空间1411和下部空间1412。
过滤网145设置成水平配置于过滤槽本体141的内部。具体地，过滤网145可分离地结合于上部侧壁1432与下部侧壁1431之间。过滤网145通过再利用原料中除了废纤维增强塑料粉碎体和填充剂的凝聚物以外的剩余成分也就是水。通过过滤网145水向下掉落，上部剩下由废纤维增强塑料粉碎体和填充剂的凝结物构成的再利用复合材料薄片。通过网支撑体148结构性地支撑过滤网145。
网支撑体148设置于过滤槽本体141的内部支撑过滤网145。具体地，网支撑体148可分离地结合于上部侧壁1432与下部侧壁1431之间，并位于过滤网145的下部结构性地支撑过滤网145。
排水管150从形成于过滤槽本体141的底部142的排水口1421延长。通过排水管150，水从过滤槽本体141的内部空间向外部排出。排水管150上设置有开闭排水管150的排水阀151。本实施例的说明中，水通过自重经排水管150排出，但与此不同，还可以设置排水泵并通过排水泵排水。真空形成部160连接于排水管150。
通过排水管150，真空形成部160将过滤槽140的内部的空气向外部排出，使得在过滤槽140的下部空间1412形成真空。真空形成部160包括真空泵161及连接真空泵161与排水管150的连接管165。连接管与排水管150连接的部位位于排水阀151上游。通过启动真空泵161使过滤槽140的下部空间1412形成真空状态，从而降低形成于过滤网145上部的再利用复合材料薄片的水分。
图2中以流程图示出利用图1所示复合材料再利用装置的本发明的一个实施例的复合材料再利用方法。图2所示复合材料再利用方法相关说明同时包括关于图1所示复合材料再利用装置的作用的说明。参见图2，本发明的一个实施例的复合材料再利用方法包括粉碎废纤维增强塑料得到废纤维增强塑料粉碎体的废复合材料粉碎步骤S10、将通过废复合材料粉碎步骤S10得到的废纤维增强塑料粉碎体与填充剂一起分散混合在水中得到复合材料混合物的材料混合步骤S20、在通过材料混合步骤S20得到的复合材料混合物中添加凝固剂准备再利用原料的凝固剂添加步骤S30、将通过凝固剂添加步骤S30准备的再利用原料投入到过滤槽的原料投入步骤S40、从过滤槽排出水形成再利用复合材料薄片的排水步骤S50、在过滤槽形成真空降低再利用复合材料薄片的水分的真空脱水步骤S60、压缩经过真空脱水步骤S60的再利用复合材料薄片进行脱水的压缩脱水步骤S70、干燥经过压缩脱水步骤S70的再利用复合材料薄片的干燥步骤S80、层积多个经过干燥步骤S80的再利用复合材料薄片形成层积体的层积步骤S90及成型在层积步骤90形成的层积体的成型步骤S100。利用通过图1说明的本发明的一个实施例的复合材料再利用装置100执行材料混合步骤S20、凝固剂添加步骤S30、原料投入步骤S40、排水步骤S50及真空脱水步骤S60。
在废复合材料粉碎步骤S10，在制造纤维增强塑料产品的加工过程发生的碎片或纤维增强塑料废弃物被粉碎机粉碎形成废纤维增强塑料粉碎体。在废复合材料粉碎步骤S10，优选的是粉碎使得废复合材料粉碎体的长度为10mm以下。
在材料混合步骤S20，将通过废复合材料粉碎步骤S10得到的废纤维增强塑料粉碎体与填充剂一起分散混合至水中得到复合材料混合物。材料混合步骤S20执行于图1所示的复合材料再利用装置100的混合槽110。在混合槽110，废纤维增强塑料粉碎体与填充剂一起分散混合于水中形成复合材料混合物A。优选的是，在材料混合步骤S20所使用的废纤维增强塑料粉碎体为同一种类。作为填充剂，使用包含用于废纤维增强塑料粉碎体的结合及调节物性的树脂材料的多种功能性填充剂。混合槽110中装有水的状态下供应废纤维增强塑料粉碎体和填充剂，供应至水的废纤维增强塑料粉碎体和填充剂通过搅拌器111均匀地分散混合于水中。本实施例的说明中，复合材料混合物A中的废纤维增强塑料粉碎体和填充剂的重量比为8:2。并且，为了提高粉碎的废纤维增强塑料的性能，在材料混合步骤S20还可以添加改善材料。改善材料可以使用碳纤维等纤维或粉末树脂材料。还可以使用切成短小的纤维。
在凝固剂添加步骤S30，在通过材料混合步骤S20得到的复合材料混合物A中添加凝固剂准备再利用原料。在储存于图1所示复合材料再利用装置100的混合槽110的复合材料混合物A通过混合物移送管120移动至过滤槽140的过程中启动凝固剂添加部130执行凝固剂添加步骤S30。凝固剂添加部130向混合物移送管120供应凝固剂，从而向流动于混合物移送管120内的复合材料混合物A添加凝固剂。通过由凝固剂添加部130添加至复合材料混合物A的凝固剂，能够使得包含于复合材料混合物A的废纤维增强塑料粉碎体结构性地凝结相互固定。凝固剂可以是通常使用的醋酸聚乙烯脂树脂(polyvinyl acetate res in)、硫代硫酸钠(sodium thiosulfate)等。
在原料投入步骤S40向过滤槽投入通过凝固剂添加步骤S30准备的再利用原料。参见图1，更加具体说明原料投入步骤S40如下：装在过滤槽140中的水高于过滤网145的状态下，向过滤槽140的上部空间1411适量供应从移送管120排出的再利用原料C。通过过滤网145，投入至过滤槽140的再利用原料只存在于上部空间1411。
如图3所示，在排水步骤S50，过滤槽140中的水通过排水口1421排出。通过开放排水管150上设置的排水阀(图1的151)执行排水步骤S50。通过排水步骤S50完全排出过滤槽140的水后，如图4所示，过滤槽140上只剩下凝结的原料，从而形成再利用复合材料薄片B。在排水步骤S50后形成的再利用复合材料薄片B含有相当多的水分，含有的水分大约为再利用复合材料薄片B的120％。
在真空脱水步骤S60通过在过滤槽140形成真空降低再利用复合材料薄片B的水分。真空脱水步骤S60是在排水阀151关闭的状态下，通过启动真空泵161执行。过滤槽140的下部空间1412通过层积在过滤网145的上部的再利用复合材料薄片B被密闭，通过真空泵161，下部空间1412的空气通过排水管150排出到外部，从而在下部空间1412形成真空状态，由此进一步去除再利用复合材料薄片B中所含水分。通过真空脱水步骤S60，再利用复合材料薄片B的水分含量大约降低至再利用复合材料薄片B的70％程度。
压缩脱水步骤S70中，经真空脱水步骤S60的再利用复合材料薄片B如图5被压力机170压缩进一步脱水。通过压缩脱水步骤S70，再利用复合材料薄片B的水分含量大约降低至再利用复合材料薄片B的40％程度。本实施例的说明中，压缩脱水步骤S70对一个再利用复合材料薄片B进行压缩，与此不同，还可以在层积多张再利用复合材料薄片B的状态下同时压缩执行，其也包含于本发明的范围。
在干燥步骤S80，对经压缩脱水步骤S70的再利用复合材料薄片B在高温炉进行加热处理进行干燥。通过干燥步骤S80的再利用复合材料薄片B的水分含量大约降低至再利用复合材料薄片B的3％程度。虽未示出，在执行干燥步骤S80之前，还可以执行将经压缩脱水步骤S70的再利用复合材料薄片B冲裁成接近成品的形状的形状冲裁步骤。
在层积步骤S90，层积接合多个经干燥步骤S80的再利用复合材料薄片B形成层积体。图6示出通过层积步骤S90形成的层积体D的侧面图。在层积步骤S90层积的再利用复合材料薄片B可以将至少2种不同种类的废纤维增强塑料作为原料，而非只包含一种材料。该情况下，可以添加增强纤维以增强界面。
在成型步骤S100，可以利用模具将在层积步骤S90形成的层积体成型为成品形态。
以上通过实施例对本发明进行了说明，但本发明并非限定于此。在不脱离本发明的意图及范围的前提下可以修改或者变更所述实施例，本领域的普通技术人员能够理解这种修改及变更也属于本发明。

Claims (15)

1.一种复合材料再利用装置，其中，包括：
混合槽，用于将废纤维增强塑料粉碎体和填充剂一起分散混合于水中形成复合材料混合物；
凝固剂添加部，用于将凝结所述废纤维增强塑料粉碎体与所述填充剂的凝固剂供应至所述复合材料混合物中形成再利用原料；以及
过滤槽，用于接收所述再利用原料形成再利用复合材料薄片，
其中，所述过滤槽具有提供内部空间的过滤槽本体、水平设置于所述内部空间以将所述内部空间区分为上部空间和下部空间且向下通过所述再利用原料中的水的过滤网，
所述再利用原料供应至所述上部空间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料再利用装置，其中，还包括：
混合物移送管，用于向所述过滤槽移送储存于所述混合槽的所述复合材料混合物，
所述凝固剂添加部向所述混合物移送管供应所述凝固剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料再利用装置，其中，
所述过滤槽还包括用于支撑所述过滤网的网支撑体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料再利用装置，其中，还包括：
真空形成部，用于排出所述下部空间的空气。
5.根据权利要求4所述的复合材料再利用装置，其中，还包括：
排水管，连接于所述下部空间，
所述真空形成部包括真空泵、连接所述真空泵与所述排水管的连接管。
6.一种复合材料再利用方法，其中，包括：
粉碎废纤维增强塑料得到废纤维增强塑料粉碎体的废复合材料粉碎步骤；
将所述废纤维增强塑料粉碎体和填充剂一起分散混合在水中得到复合材料混合物的材料混合步骤；
向所述复合材料混合物供应用于凝结所述废纤维增强塑料粉碎体与所述填充剂的凝固剂形成再利用原料的凝固剂添加步骤；
向过滤槽的所述上部空间投入所述再利用原料的原料投入步骤，其中所述过滤槽具有提供内部空间的过滤槽本体及水平设置于所述内部空间以将所述内部空间区分为上部空间和下部空间且向下通过所述再利用原料中的水的过滤网；以及
从所述下部空间排出水以在所述过滤网上形成再利用复合材料薄片的排水步骤。
7.根据权利要求6所述的复合材料再利用方法，其中，
在所述原料投入步骤，装在所述内部空间的水高于所述过滤网的状态下投入所述再利用原料。
8.根据权利要求6所述的复合材料再利用方法，其中，还包括：
执行所述排水步骤后排出所述下部空间的空气以对所述再利用复合材料薄片进行脱水的真空脱水步骤。
9.根据权利要求6所述的复合材料再利用方法，其中，还包括：
压缩所述再利用复合材料薄片进行脱水的压缩脱水步骤。
10.根据权利要求6所述的复合材料再利用方法，其中，还包括：
加热处理所述再利用复合材料薄片进行干燥的干燥步骤。
11.根据权利要求6所述的复合材料再利用方法，其中，
在所述材料混合步骤还添加改善材料以提高所述废纤维增强塑料的性能。
12.根据权利要求11所述的复合材料再利用方法，其中，
所述改善材料包括纤维材料和粉末树脂材料。
13.根据权利要求6所述的复合材料再利用方法，其中，还包括：
层积接合多个所述再利用复合材料薄片的层积步骤。
14.根据权利要求13所述的复合材料再利用方法，其中，
层积的多个所述再利用复合材料薄片中至少两个以不同的废纤维增强塑料作为原料。
15.根据权利要求14所述的复合材料再利用方法，其中，
在所述层积步骤添加增强纤维以增强多个所述再利用复合材料薄片之间的界面。
CN201980055395.6A 2018-08-31 2019-08-22 复合材料再利用装置及方法 Pending CN112601658A (zh)

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