CN112592637A - 一种新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料及制备方法和应用,配方为:环氧改性呋喃树脂30.0‑35.0份、无机阻燃剂0.3‑0.6份、消烟剂0.2‑0.4份、抑烟剂0.1‑0.2份、阴离子型润湿分散剂0.4‑0.6份、纳米硅气凝胶2.0‑3.0份、耐腐蚀剂1.3‑1.5份、硼酸锌6.0‑6.5份、空心玻璃微珠3.0‑4.0份、颜料1.0‑2.0份、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐4.0‑5.0份、阻燃填料4.0‑6.0份、溶剂19.0‑22.0份、附着力促进剂0.9‑1.1份、丙二醇甲醚2.7‑3.0份。本发明防火耐腐蚀涂料具有良好的综合物性,优异的防火性能,涂料高固低粘,而且,施工操作简便。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于涂料制备领域,具体涉及一种新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着我国经济的不断发展,人民生活水平的持续提高,汽车已经从奢侈品普及成为老百姓的日常代步工具,但大多数是燃油汽车,大量的燃油消耗及尾气排放,对环境的影响日趋严重。人们越来越意识到保护环境的重要性,新能源汽车作为环保的重要手段之一正快速走进人们的生活,自国家2012年发布的新能源汽车产业发展规划以来发展迅速,特别是近几年新能源汽车呈爆炸式增长,我国新能源汽车产量一跃成为世界第一。
随着动力电池技术的进步和市场对新能源汽车认可度的提高,纯电动车的比例会进一步提升。新能源汽车的核心技术主要是动力电池技术、电机技术和电控技术,其中动力电池是电动汽车重要的核心部件之一。动力电池技术能否突破,是电动汽车发展的关键。根据最新数据来看,锂电池又是现阶段动力电池中技术较为成熟、性能较为稳定、应用最为广泛的一种。
新能源汽车动力系统中的电池大多布置在车身底板下方,有着较为残酷的安装环境。电池箱壳体作为动力电池的载体,在保证动力电池安全可靠工作的问题上起着关键作用,一般绝大都数是铝合金材料。同时电池安的位置极易接触到雨水、泥浆等,是腐蚀重灾区,其防腐性能要求较高。而良好的防火性能是新能源汽车电池所必需具备的,这就需要新型的防腐防火涂料来保证新能源汽车电池使用安全。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料及其制备方法,通过设计的配方和配套的制备方法,具有良好的耐腐蚀、防火性能。
本发明还有一个目的在于提供一种新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料的应用,用于新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体,保证新能源汽车电池的使用安全。
本发明具体技术方案如下:
一种新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料,包括以下重量份原料:
所述环氧改性呋喃树脂为济南易盛树脂有限公司生产的HF-703A树脂;HF -703B为配套固化剂,当HF-703A、HF-703B两组分混合时,多种组成均能参与交联反应。HF-703A、HF-703B两组份的使用配比为100:25。整合了环氧和呋喃树脂的优点,具有耐酸碱腐蚀性优,耐温性能高于普通环氧树脂,柔韧性好等特点。
所述无机阻燃剂为氢氧化镁,为合肥皖燃新材料科技有限公司生产的,氢氧化镁作为无机阻燃剂,其分解温度高、抑烟能力强、阻燃效果佳、分解后不会产生有毒性和腐蚀性的物质。
所述消烟剂为二茂铁,为天元科技集团生产的,作为消烟剂使用;
所述抑烟剂为三氧化钼,为杭州吉康新材料生产的SS-MO100,粒径小于 100nm,在这里作用是抑烟和阻燃;
所述阴离子型润湿分散剂为南京能德新材料生产的WDA-S29,对各种有机、无机颜料均有效果,对炭黑的效果尤其突出,同时适用于有树脂和无树脂体系;
所述纳米硅气凝胶为深圳中凝科技有限公司提供的AG-D气凝胶粉体颗粒,该产品具有极高孔隙率、极低的密度、高比表面积、超高孔体积等特点,还具有极佳的隔热保温性能、良好的隔音性、吸附性强、绿色环保、阻燃憎水等优良性能。其体积的90%以上都是极微小的纳米孔洞,其余部分由三维纳米网状孔壁构成;
所述耐腐蚀剂为纳米氧化锌,为南京保克特新材料有限公司的PZT-30产品,可提高涂料的抗腐蚀性能,尤其是抗海水腐蚀能力;
所述硼酸锌为山东五维生产的无机无毒阻燃剂;
所述空心玻璃微珠为3M公司空心玻璃微球VS 5500,中空玻璃微球的内部是真空稀薄的气体,两种不同材料存在密度及导热系数差,所以它具有隔音、隔热,导热低的特性,本发明发挥其隔热保温的性质特点;
所述颜料优选为炭黑,所述炭黑为欧励隆生产的U黑颜料,颜料颜色可根据需要更换,一般使用黑色或深灰色颜料;
所述三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐为湖北远成赛创科技有限公司生产的,是一种环保型无卤膨胀阻燃剂,具有非常高的热稳定性,分解温度≧360℃。在高温情况下分解,改分解为吸热反应,可以带走热量冷却热源。分解释放的磷酸在聚合物表面形成包覆层,将聚合物与空气隔绝,其具有良好阻燃效果。
所述阻燃填料为双季戊四醇,为山东丰泰化工科技有限公司生产的,双季戊四醇具有不吸湿性和较低的水溶性特点,与季戊四醇相比更适宜作防火涂层的阻燃性填料。
所述二甲苯和正丁醇是环氧双组份漆调节粘度的有机溶剂。
所述附着力促进剂为硅醇改性磷酸酯聚合物,选自英特诺(英国)国际实业有限公司提供的附着力促进剂MF-1014硅醇改性磷酸酯聚合物。MF-1014本身与芳烃类或脂肪烃类的溶剂直接接触会出现絮凝等异常,用醚类溶剂预稀释后,便可以和芳烃或脂肪烃类溶剂等有良好的相溶性。使用前,须先用丙二醇甲醚溶剂按质量比1:3-4稀释后再添加到涂料中。
本发明提供的上述新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料的制备方法,包括下步骤:
1)、将配方量附着力促进剂与配方量丙二醇甲醚混合,得到溶液A;
2)、在低速搅拌条件下,向配方量环氧改性呋喃树脂中逐个加入配方量无机阻燃剂、消烟剂、抑烟剂、阴离子型润湿分散剂、纳米硅气凝胶、耐腐蚀剂、硼酸锌、空心玻璃微珠、颜料、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、阻燃填料、二甲苯、正丁醇和步骤1)制备的溶液A,边加边搅,待全部加完后,搅拌混匀;
3)、将步骤2)所得混合物料研磨,即得。
步骤2)中所述低速搅拌是指在300-600转/分钟搅拌.
步骤2)中所述搅拌混匀是指700-1200转/分钟的转速搅拌混匀。
步骤3)中所述研磨是指用研磨机研磨至细度小于35微米。
本发明提供的上述新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料的应用,用于新能源汽车动力电池外电池箱壳体涂装,具体方法为:
将新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料、固化剂和稀释剂混合后,喷涂于新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体,常温流平3-5分钟后,80-120℃条件下烘烤25-35min,烘干固化即可。固化后漆膜涂层达完全固化交联,溶剂无残留不回粘。
所述新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体优选为铝合金壳体。
所述新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料和稀释剂的质量比 100:8-10。所述稀释剂为质量比二甲苯:正丁醇=70:30的混合溶剂。
所述固化剂为环氧改性呋喃树脂配套的HF-703B,其用量为新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料中HF-703A质量的25%。
即,HF-703B其用量根据新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料中环氧改性呋喃树脂用量计算,环氧改性呋喃树脂HF-703A与HF-703B的质量比为 100:25,根据新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料中实际HF-703A的用量,计算得到固化剂用量。
进一步的,漆膜的干膜厚度须控制在100-150微米,保证各项性能达标。
本发明在设计配方的过程中要充分考虑到此涂料的综合性能要求,必须考虑:主体树脂是漆膜涂层的重要组成部分,诸多物理性能是主体树脂与交联剂反应成膜后才能达成的,选择合适的主体树脂是配方设计中至关重要的一步。综合考虑到环保要求,防火隔热性,柔韧性,耐酸性、耐碱性、耐盐雾性、耐海水浸泡以及对铝合金基材的附着力,施工性和干燥条件需满足正常的流水线作业等共性条件,本发明设计以环氧改性呋树脂为主体基体树脂,由于该树脂成份固有的化学特性,用其制成的涂料表现出附着力强、漆膜坚硬,有优越的耐水性,耐潮性、耐油性,有良好的耐酸性,耐碱性、耐溶剂性、耐150度高温,耐化学药品性,这是其一;其二是多支阻燃、成炭、抑烟填料组合使用:如氢氧化镁在高温状态下,可以分解出无毒惰性气体和受热分解、相变吸收消耗热量,表层可以慢慢碳化再生成膨胀的发泡层,热量传导内减少,降低构件温度升高的速率,同时具有耐火极限、粘结性高、耐水性好、不产生有毒气体、环保等特点,三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐作为无卤填料与硼酸锌等协同作用,与环氧等主体成膜树脂共混以提高阻燃及防火性能,由于其化学结构中含有酸源(聚磷酸)和气源(三聚氰胺),此填料能够在燃烧时使这两种物质产生微分子级别的充分混合,形成均匀的炭质膨胀层;双季戊四醇作为成炭剂,具有不吸湿性和较低的水溶性,相比季戊四醇更适宜作为防火涂料的阻燃性填料;其三,纳米硅气凝胶的与空心玻璃微珠组合起到高效隔热和保温效果等等诸多协同联合作用。本发明在设计时,不仅考虑阻燃性,还需要考虑耐腐蚀性和漆膜综合性能,各原料协同作用配合。经过大量实验,只有按照本发明所述的原料及用量比的配方颜基比,才能达成防火性能与耐酸耐碱等性能的最佳平衡点,呈现出较完美的干膜综合性能。
本发明提供了一种溶剂型防火耐腐蚀涂料。此涂料配方设计的是一次喷涂,烘干成膜,简单方便,能满足电池箱壳体的恶劣使用环境需求。
与现有技术相比,本发明以环氧改性呋喃氧树脂作为主体树脂,为涂层提供了满足耐酸碱,耐湿热等性能要求,阻燃抑烟隔热填料为涂料储存提供了很好的防火隔热效果,配套固化剂,提供交联固化反应作用,保证固化膜具有良好的多方面综合性能,二甲苯/正丁醇混合溶剂是用于调整涂料体系的粘度。本发明制备的防火耐腐蚀涂料具有良好的综合物性,优异的防火性能,涂料高固低粘,而且,施工操作简便。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
下述实施例中所用的试验材料和试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,均可以按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。
实施例1-实施例3
一种新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料,包括以下重量份原料:见表1。
表1实施例1-实施例3涂料配方
实施例1-实施例3所述新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)、按照表1配方用量,将配方量硅醇改性磷酸酯聚合物与配方量丙二醇甲醚混合,得到溶液A;
2)、在300转/分钟搅拌条件下,向配方量环氧改性呋喃树脂中逐个加入配方量氢氧化镁、二茂铁、三氧化二钼、阴离子型润湿分散剂、纳米硅气凝胶、纳米氧化锌、硼酸锌、空心玻璃微珠、炭黑、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、双季戊四醇、二甲苯、正丁醇和步骤1)制备的溶液A,加完后,1000转/分钟的转速搅拌混匀;
3)、将步骤2)所得混合物料用研磨机研磨至细度小于35微米,即得新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料(A组分)。
实施例1-实施例3所制备的新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料的应用,用于涂装新能源汽车动力电池组壳体,具体为:按照表1配方,将A组分、B组分和C组分按照表1所示质量比均匀混合,调配至粘度为25-30S(25℃, NK-2),即可喷涂于经过前处理的铝合金壳体(铝合金壳体前处理是指按照现有技术脱脂去除铝合金金属表面的玷污、抛光剂和金属加工液,再经过表调,磷化等工序),喷涂至合适的湿膜厚度状态常温流平3分钟后,80℃条件下烘烤 30min,烘干固化即可。固化后漆膜涂层达完全固化交联,溶剂无残留不回粘。
对比例1-对比例3:
一种涂料,其配方如下表2所示。
表2对比例1-对比例3涂料配方
对比例1所述涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)、按表2中对比例1的配方,将配方量硅醇改性磷酸酯聚合物与配方量丙二醇甲醚混合,得到溶液A;
2)、在300转/分钟低速搅拌条件下,向配方量双酚A环氧树脂中加入配方量氢氧化镁、二茂铁、三氧化二钼、阴离子型润湿分散剂、纳米硅气凝胶、纳米氧化锌、硼酸锌、空心玻璃微珠、炭黑、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、双季戊四醇、二甲苯、正丁醇和步骤1)制备的溶液A,加完后,1000转/分钟的转速搅拌混匀;
3)、将步骤2)所得混合物料用研磨机研磨至细度小于35微米,即得涂料 A组份。
对比例2所述涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)、按表2中对比例1的配方,将配方量硅醇改性磷酸酯聚合物与配方量丙二醇甲醚混合,得到溶液A;
2)、在300转/分钟搅拌条件下,向配方量酚醛环氧树脂中加入配方量氢氧化镁、二茂铁、三氧化二钼、阴离子型润湿分散剂、纳米硅气凝胶、纳米氧化锌、硼酸锌、空心玻璃微珠、炭黑、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、双季戊四醇、二甲苯、正丁醇和步骤1)制备的溶液A,加完后,800转/分钟的转速搅拌混匀;
3)、将步骤2)所得混合物料用研磨机研磨至细度小于35微米,即得涂料 A组份。
对比例3所述涂料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)、按表2中对比例1的配方,将配方量硅醇改性磷酸酯聚合物配方量丙二醇甲醚混合,得到溶液A;
2)、在300r/min低速搅拌条件下,向配方量酚醛环氧树脂中加入配方量环氧改性呋喃树脂、氢氧化镁、二茂铁、三氧化钼、阴离子型润湿分散剂、纳米硅气凝胶、纳米氧化锌、硼酸锌、空心玻璃微珠、炭黑、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、双季戊四醇、二甲苯、正丁醇和步骤1)制备的溶液A,加完后,800转/分钟的转速搅拌混匀;
3)、将步骤2)所得混合物料用研磨机研磨至细度小于35微米,即得A 组份。
对比例1-3制备涂料的应用,用于涂装新能源汽车动力电池组壳体,具体应用方法为:
按照表1配方,将A组分、B组分和C组分按照表2用量比均匀混合搅匀后,调配至粘度为25-30S(25℃,NK-2),即可喷涂于经过处理的铝合金壳体,喷涂至合适的湿膜厚度状态常温流平3分钟后,80℃条件下烘烤30min,烘干固化即可。固化后漆膜涂层达完全固化交联,溶剂无残留不回粘。
将实施例1-3和对比例1-3按照上述涂料应用后形成的漆膜性能进行检测,其结果如表3所示。
表3各实施例和对比例漆膜性能测试结果
表3中涂料性能检测标准如下:
1、环保要求:该产品必须满足RoHS要求。
在原材料筛选时,就排除了RoHS限制的十种材料,要求供应商提供样品的同时提供第三方RoHS的检测报告,后期确定方案后,再次将样漆送第三方检测,确保本发明产品环保达标。
2、厚度:用非破坏性方法测量试样上的涂层厚度,(一涂)涂层体系,漆层厚度100-150μm。
3、附着力:参考GB/T 9286进行划格附着力试验,所有涂层的结果应是 100%附着,达到标准中的0级。
4、防火性:涂覆120-150μm的基板,800-1200℃喷枪火烧3分钟,背面温度<基材熔点(约300℃左右)。
5、抗冲击性:参考GB/T 1732-79对涂层进行正面冲击试验,要求不低于 50kg·cm,涂层无脱落,无明显开裂。
6、耐酸性:参考GB 14907-2002,将测试板垂直放置于3%的盐酸溶液中,至规定的15天时间,漆膜无起泡无脱皮无失光。
7、耐碱性:参考GB 14907-2002,将测试板垂直放置于3%的氨水溶液中,至规定的15天时间,漆膜无起泡无脱皮无失光。
8、耐湿热循环:参考GB/T 31467.3-2015和GB/T2423.4-2008的标准,测试对象为蓄电池包或系统,最高温度为80℃,最高湿度为100%RH,按客户指定流程要求测试,在室温下观察2小时,要求蓄电池包或系统外壳无泄漏、破裂、着火或爆炸等异常现象,试验后的直流电阻值不小于100Ω/V;
9、耐高低温冲击:参考GB/T 31467.3-2015,测试对象为蓄电池包或系统,蓄电池包或系统置于(-40±2)℃~(85±2)℃的交变温度环境中,两种极端温度的转换时间为30分钟以内,测试对象在每个极端温度环境中保持8小时,循环5次,在室温下观察2小时,要求蓄电池包或系统外壳无泄漏、破裂、着火或爆炸等异常现象,试验后的直流电阻值不小于100Ω/V;
10、耐海水浸泡:参考GB/T 31467.3-2015,测试对象为蓄电池包或系统,室温下,测试对象以实车装配状态与整车线束相连,然后以实车装配方式置于3.5%NaCl盐水中2小时,水深要足以淹没被测蓄电池包或系统,观察2小时。要求蓄电池包或系统无着火或爆炸等异常现象;
11、耐盐雾测试:参考GB/T 31467.3-2015,测试对象为蓄电池包或系统,按GB/T2423.18的严酷等级(5)进行四个试验循环。盐溶液采用氯化钠(化学纯、分析纯)和蒸馏水或去离子水配置,其浓度为(5±0.1)%(质量百分比), (20±2)℃下测量PH值在6.5-7.2之间。在15~35℃下喷盐雾2小时,喷雾结束后,将测试对象转移至湿热箱中贮存20-22小时,温度为(40±2)℃,相对湿度(93±3)%,组成一个循环,将这个循环再重复3次,然后在试验标准大气条件温度为(23±2)℃,相对温度为45-55%下贮存3天,组成一个周期,重复进行四个周期试验。要求要求蓄电池包或系统外壳无泄漏、破裂、着火或爆炸等异常现象。
上述参照实施例对新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料及制备方法和应用进行的详细描述,是说明性的而不是限定性的,可按照所限定范围列举出若干个实施例,因此在不脱离本发明总体构思下的变化和修改,应属本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料,其特征在于,所述无机阻燃剂为氢氧化镁。
3.根据权利要求1所述的新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料,其特征在于,所述消烟剂为二茂铁。
4.根据权利要求1所述的新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料,其特征在于,所述抑烟剂为三氧化钼。
5.根据权利要求1所述的新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料,其特征在于,所述耐腐蚀剂为纳米氧化锌。
6.根据权利要求1所述的新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料,其特征在于,所述阻燃填料为双季戊四醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述的新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料,其特征在于,所述附着力促进剂为硅醇改性磷酸酯聚合物。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述的新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)、将配方量附着力促进剂与配方量丙二醇甲醚混合,得到溶液A;
2)、在低速搅拌条件下,向配方量环氧改性呋喃树脂中逐个加入配方量无机阻燃剂、消烟剂、抑烟剂、阴离子型润湿分散剂、纳米硅气凝胶、耐腐蚀剂、硼酸锌、空心玻璃微珠、颜料、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、阻燃填料、二甲苯、正丁醇和步骤1)制备的溶液A,边加边搅,待全部加完后,搅拌混匀;
3)、将步骤2)所得混合物料研磨,即得。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中所述研磨是指用研磨机研磨至细度小于35微米。
10.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述的新能源汽车动力电池箱壳体防火耐腐蚀涂料的应用,其特征在于,用于新能源汽车动力电池外电池箱壳体涂装。
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