CN111548696B - 一种用于钢结构表面的防火涂料及其应用 - Google Patents
一种用于钢结构表面的防火涂料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于钢结构表面的防火涂料，以重量份数计，所述防火涂料包含以下成分：氟硅乳液12‑25份，硅丙乳液20‑35份，阻燃剂2‑8份，成碳剂2‑12份，发泡剂15‑25份，白油3‑8份、填料8‑15份，防锈剂3‑10份，助剂0.5‑1.5份，抑菌剂0.1‑0.5份，pH调节剂0.1‑0.5份，耐火纤维1‑3份。与传统环氧防火涂料相比，本发明的防火涂料更适合需要防火与防腐兼具的钢结构涂装施工，并具有优异的附着力、抗开裂性和耐候性，高低温交变环境下也不会出现开裂、脱落。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防火涂料技术领域，具体而言，本发明涉及一种可用于钢结构表面的防火涂料以及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
目前针对烃类火焰的膨胀型防火涂料一般为环氧类防火涂料，这种涂料具有较好的力学性能，但是往往存在形成的防火涂层易开裂、脱落的缺陷，特别是在膜厚较厚、环境温差较大的条件下更是如此。产生这一现象的主要原因为：硬化涂层较厚、漆膜硬而脆，当漆膜的内应力大于内聚力时，漆膜便开裂；而当漆膜的内应力大于附着力时，漆膜则脱落。如果防火涂料在遇到火灾膨胀发泡之前已经出现开裂、脱落等失效行为，不但会导致防火涂料层下的金属腐蚀问题，同时会在出现火灾的情况下使基材直接暴露在火焰中，大幅度降低防火涂料的防火性能。
在建筑材料中，钢结构以其强度高、自重轻、延伸性良好、抗震性强、施工周期短等优点，在建筑业中得到了广泛应用；与此同时，钢结构的防火保护也变得越来越重要。钢结构防火涂料在钢结构的防火保护中占有很重要的地位，钢结构防火涂料涂覆于钢结构表面，能起到防火隔热保护的作用，防止钢结构在火灾中迅速升温而失去强度，挠曲变形塌落。
近年来，我国铁路大型站房、站台雨棚等设施相继大量投入使用，随着年限延长，部分站台雨棚立柱局部开始出现了防火涂层脱落现象，观感较差，并存在安全隐患，因此，开发一种适合铁路站台钢结构雨棚立柱的防火涂料具有必要性。
发明内容
针对以上问题，本发明的目的是提供一种用于钢结构的新型防火涂料、其制备方法以及应用。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一方面，本发明提供一种用于钢结构表面的防火涂料，以重量份数计，所述防火涂料包含以下成分：氟硅乳液12-25份，硅丙乳液20-35份，阻燃剂2-8份，成碳剂2-12份，发泡剂15-25份，白油3-8份，填料8-15份，防锈剂3-10份，助剂0.5-1.5份，抑菌剂0.1-0.5份，pH调节剂0.1-0.5份，耐火纤维1-3份。
优选地，在本发明提供的防火涂料中，以重量份数计，助剂包含以下成分：分散剂0.2-0.6份，消泡剂0.1-0.4份，流变助剂0.2-0.5份；
优选地，所述防火涂料包含的成分总计100份。
更优选地，以重量份数计，所述防火涂料包含：氟硅乳液18-22份，硅丙乳液22-27份，阻燃剂3-6份，成碳剂4-6份，发泡剂16-20份，白油4-7份、填料9-12份，防锈剂7-9份，助剂1.1-1.5份，抑菌剂0.2-0.4份，pH调节剂0.2-0.4份，耐火纤维2-3份。
根据本发明的具体实施方式，以重量份数计，所述防火涂料包含：氟硅乳液20份，硅丙乳液25份，阻燃剂4份，成碳剂5份，发泡剂18份，白油5份、填料9.9份，防锈剂8份，助剂1.5份，抑菌剂0.3份，pH调节剂0.3份，耐火纤维3份。
根据本发明的具体实施方式，氟硅乳液为SD-5681氟硅乳液，可购自南通生达化工有限公司，工业级；
根据本发明的具体实施方式，硅丙乳液为SD-528硅丙乳液，可购自南通生达化工有限公司，工业级；
优选地，阻燃剂为苯基次磷酸铝、硼酸三聚氰胺和纳米氢氧化镁中一种或多种的混合物；更优选地，阻燃剂为苯基次磷酸铝和/或纳米氢氧化镁；
优选地，成碳剂为双季戊四醇和/或可膨胀石墨；
优选地，发泡剂为密胺树脂包覆聚磷酸铵(MF-APP)和/或三聚氰胺；
优选地，白油为工业级白油，例如为48#、64#和100#中一种或多种的混合物；
优选地，填料为钛白粉、纳米气凝胶微粉和高岭土的混合物；优选地，钛白粉、纳米气凝胶微粉和高岭土的重量比为5-10:0.4-2:2-6；更优选地，钛白粉为R-902钛白粉，纳米气凝胶微粉为KPore-G200纳米气凝胶微粉，高岭土为1250目5S煅烧高岭土；
优选地，防锈剂为三聚磷酸铝和/或防闪锈剂；更优选地，三聚磷酸铝为APW-I三聚磷酸铝，防闪锈剂为SC2190Z型防闪锈剂；
优选地，助剂中，分散剂为
NC多聚磷酸钠盐分散剂，消泡剂为DH-202消泡剂，流变助剂为RHEOLATE299水性流变助剂；
优选地，抑菌剂为DEUADD MB-11水性防腐剂；
优选地，pH调节剂为DEUADD MA-95pH调节剂；
优选地，耐火纤维为玄武岩纤维和/或硅酸铝纤维。
另一方面，本发明提供所述防火涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将氟硅乳液、硅丙乳液、发泡剂、白油、防锈剂、助剂、pH调节剂、抑菌剂在容器中以1000-1200r/min搅拌分散10-15分钟，边搅拌边加入阻燃剂、成碳剂、填料、耐火纤维，再以1000-1500r/min搅拌分散20-30分钟，研磨。
再一方面，本发明提供所述防火涂料在制备铁路站房或车站雨棚立柱防火涂层中的应用。
还一方面，本发明提供一种制备铁路站房或车站雨棚立柱防火涂层的方法，所述方法包括：将本发明提供的防火涂料刮涂或喷涂于铁路站房或车站雨棚立柱上。
本发明的防火涂料采用氟硅乳液与硅丙乳液混合作为涂料的成膜物质，使其既具有防覆冰的效果又兼具防火性能。并且，在本发明的防火涂料中采用白油作为辅助添加溶剂，不仅能够减少涂料施工时的气味，同时涂膜干燥后能够在表面形成疏水层，减少水分的附着，起到防结冰的作用。
在本发明的防火涂料中，阻燃剂为无卤素型，使得防火涂料绿色环保，膨胀效率高，燃烧过程中基本不产生烟雾及有毒有害气体。采用密胺树脂包覆聚磷酸铵(MF-APP)或三聚氰胺(MLE)作为发泡剂与双季戊四醇(DPER)或可膨胀石墨作为成碳剂组成防火涂料阻燃体系，具有更低的溶解性。特别是在使用MF-APP时，MF-APP与硅丙树脂有很好的相容性，阻碍了MF-APP在涂层中的迁移，提高了防火性能耐水性能。另外，纳米气凝胶微粉自身作为一种中空纳米级微粒，能有效阻止火焰温度传递，提升防火效果。
此外，本发明的防火涂料中采用复合助剂提高其抗流变性，并添加一定量的耐火纤维。耐火纤维在涂料中可以增加涂料的触变指数，有利于提高一遍施工厚度、防止流挂，使得防火涂料可以一次性喷涂干膜2mm以上不产生流挂现象，减少复涂次数；固化后耐火纤维可以增强固化的漆膜，进一步防止固化后的漆膜开裂或收缩；另外，在漆膜受热膨胀的过程中，耐火纤维有增强作用，可固定膨胀后的碳层、防止碳层在烃类火焰的冲击下脱落，增强或延长防火涂层的保护作用。
本发明的防火涂料中采用三聚磷酸铝或防闪锈剂作为防锈剂，代替传统锌粉等金属组分，使得防火涂料兼具防锈功能，同时与有机组分间结合力更强，有利于涂层的防火与防腐兼具。
本发明的防火涂料适合需要防火与防腐兼具的钢结构涂装施工，并具有优异的附着力、抗开裂性和耐候性，高低温交变环境下也不会出现开裂、脱落。
具体实施方式
以下参照具体的实施例来说明本发明。本领域技术人员能够理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明，其不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
下述实施例中的实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的原料、试剂材料等，如无特殊说明，均为市售购买产品。
实施例1
本实施例的防结冰超薄饰面型防火涂料，由以下重量份的成分组成：氟硅乳液12份(SD-5681)，硅丙乳液35份(SD-528)，阻燃剂2份(苯基次磷酸铝)，成碳剂12份(可膨胀石墨)，发泡剂15份(密胺树脂包覆聚磷酸铵(MF-APP))，48#工业级白油3份、填料8份(R-902钛白粉5份、KPore-G200纳米气凝胶微粉1份、1250目5S煅烧高岭土2份)，防锈剂10份(APW-I三聚磷酸铝)，助剂1份(
NC多聚磷酸钠盐分散剂0.4份、DH-202消泡剂0.1、RHEOLATE299水性流变助剂0.5份)，抑菌剂0.5份(DEUADD MB-11水性防腐剂)，pH调节剂0.5份(DEUADD MA-95pH调节剂)，耐火纤维1份(玄武岩纤维)。
本实施例的防火涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将氟硅乳液、硅丙乳液、发泡剂、白油、防锈剂、助剂、pH调节剂、抑菌剂加入分散罐中，1000-1200r/min高速搅拌分散10-15分钟，边搅拌边加入阻燃剂、成碳剂、填料、耐火纤维，1000-1500r/min高速分散20-30分钟，再用胶体磨研磨3遍，即得到防火涂料。
实施例2至6和对比例1至5
实施例2至6与对比例1至5均按照实施例1中的制备方法制备，具体原材料组成比例见表1。其中，防闪锈剂为SC2190Z型防闪锈剂。
对各个例子的防火涂料进行耐冷热冲击性能、耐火性、附着力、防腐性能(耐盐雾测试)及耐冷凝性能测试。为了更好的模拟实际应用条件，采用“防腐底漆+防火涂料”配套体系进行性能测试，测试样板为3mm喷砂钢板，防腐底漆为ZD800(W)水性环氧富锌底漆(天津市双狮涂料有限公司)，根据不同的测试需求刮涂防火涂料，进行性能测试，其中测试的防火涂料漆膜厚度为2.5mm。
实施例1至6及对比例1至5涂料的配合比与测试结果分别见表1和表2所示。
表1实施例及对比例配合比
表2实施例及对比例测试结果
由表1中的数据可以清楚的看出，本发明实施例1至实施例6制备的防火涂料形成的漆膜不但具有良好的耐盐雾性能、耐冷凝性能、附着力和耐火极限等防火性能，而且由于体系为柔性，具有优异的耐冷热冲击性，采用本发明的防火涂料用于各种极端环境条件也不会出现开裂、脱落等提前失效行为，可确保长效防腐及防火特性，特别适宜于铁路领域站房等钢结构天窗时间维修。
以上对本发明具体实施方式的描述并不限制本发明，本领域技术人员可以根据本发明作出各种改变或变形，只要不脱离本发明的精神，均应属于本发明所附权利要求的范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于钢结构表面的防火涂料，其特征在于，以重量份数计，所述防火涂料包含总计100份的以下成分：
SD-5681氟硅乳液12-25份，
SD-528硅丙乳液20-35份，
阻燃剂2-8份，所述阻燃剂为苯基次磷酸铝和纳米氢氧化镁的混合物，
成碳剂2-12份，所述成碳剂为双季戊四醇和可膨胀石墨的混合物，
发泡剂15-25份，所述发泡剂为密胺树脂包覆聚磷酸铵和三聚氰胺的混合物，
工业级白油3-8份，
填料8-15份，所述填料为R-902钛白粉、KPore-G200纳米气凝胶微粉和1250目5S煅烧高岭土的混合物，其中钛白粉、纳米气凝胶微粉和高岭土的重量比为5-10:0.4-2:2-6，
防锈剂3-10份，所述防锈剂为APW-I三聚磷酸铝和SC2190Z型防闪锈剂的混合物，
助剂0.5-1.5份，所述助剂包含
多聚磷酸钠盐分散剂0.2-0.6份，DH-202消泡剂0.1-0.4份，RHEOLATE299水性流变助剂0.2-0.5份，
抑菌剂0.1-0.5份，所述抑菌剂为DEUADD MB-11水性防腐剂，
pH调节剂0.1-0.5份，所述pH调节剂为DEUADD MA-95pH调节剂，
耐火纤维1-3份，所述耐火纤维为玄武岩纤维和硅酸铝纤维的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防火涂料，其特征在于，以重量份数计，所述防火涂料包含：所述氟硅乳液18-22份，所述硅丙乳液22-27份，所述阻燃剂3-6份，所述成碳剂4-6份，所述发泡剂16-20份，所述白油4-7份、所述填料9-12份，所述防锈剂7-9份，所述助剂1.1-1.5份，所述抑菌剂0.2-0.4份，所述pH调节剂0.2-0.4份，所述耐火纤维2-3份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的防火涂料，其特征在于，以重量份数计，所述防火涂料包含：所述氟硅乳液20份，所述硅丙乳液25份，所述阻燃剂4份，所述成碳剂5份，所述发泡剂18份，所述白油5份、所述填料9.9份，所述防锈剂8份，所述助剂1.5份，所述抑菌剂0.3份，所述pH调节剂0.3份，所述耐火纤维3份。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的防火涂料的制备方法，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
将所述氟硅乳液、所述硅丙乳液、所述发泡剂、所述白油、所述防锈剂、所述助剂、所述pH调节剂、所述抑菌剂在容器中以1000-1200r/min搅拌分散10-15分钟，边搅拌边加入所述阻燃剂、所述成碳剂、所述填料、所述耐火纤维，再以1000-1500r/min搅拌分散20-30分钟，研磨。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的防火涂料在制备铁路站房或车站雨棚立柱防火涂层中的应用。
6.一种制备铁路站房或车站雨棚立柱防火涂层的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：将权利要求1至3中任一项所述的防火涂料刮涂或喷涂于铁路站房或车站雨棚立柱上。
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