CN112587648A - 一种防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物及其制备方法，该防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物的组成成分包括如下重量份数原料：苦瓜提取物10‑15份、葛根提取物20‑25份、桑叶提取物10‑15份、百合提取物10‑15份、山药提取物10‑15份、枸杞提取物10‑15份、金银花提取物5‑10份、胶原蛋白肽15‑20份、白芸豆提取物2‑3份、低聚异麦芽糖10‑15份、低聚果糖3‑5份、罗汉果1‑2份。本发明利用药食同源中药材，提取富集功能活性物质，增强胰腺细胞活性、刺激胰岛素分泌、抑制α‑淀粉酶的活性，阻碍食物中淀粉及其他碳水化合物的消化吸收，降低血糖含量，从而起到降糖控糖作用,可减少或替代糖尿病人长期对化学药物的依赖，减轻或避免化学药物对肾脏、肝脏造成的伤害，通过食疗方法从根源防治糖尿病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域，具体涉及一种防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
糖尿病是由胰岛素绝对或相对不足而引发的慢性内分泌代谢性疾病，其主要特点为高血糖和多种并发症并存。糖尿病特点是慢性高血糖伴随因胰岛素分泌及作用缺陷引起的糖、脂肪和蛋白质代谢紊乱，其长期的高血糖、高血脂是造成机体脏器损伤的重要原因，因此，纠正糖脂代谢紊乱是治疗糖尿病及其并发症的重要手段。多数糖尿病是胰岛素功能减退或胰岛素功能受损引起的，糖尿病患者体内胰岛素分泌不足，造成血糖升高。同时，由于胰岛素抵抗，正常生物效应不足，造成血糖居高不下，过高的血糖造成诸多并发症的直接诱因。
发明内容
本发明利用药食同源中药材，提取富集功能活性物质，增强胰腺细胞活性、刺激胰岛素分泌、抑制α-淀粉酶的活性，阻碍食物中淀粉及其他碳水化合物的消化吸收，降低血糖含量，从而起到降糖控糖作用。苦瓜肽组合物由药食同源植物原料提取制备而成，减少或替代糖尿病人长期对化学药物的依赖，减轻或避免化学药物对肾脏、肝脏造成的伤害，通过食疗方法从根源上防治糖尿病。
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一种防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物，该苦瓜肽组合物的组成成分包括如下重量份数原料：苦瓜提取物10-15份、葛根提取物20-25份、桑叶提取物10-15份、百合提取物10-15份、山药提取物10-15份、枸杞提取物10-15份、金银花提取物5-10份、胶原蛋白肽15-20份、白芸豆提取物2-3份、低聚异麦芽糖10-15份、低聚果糖3-5份、罗汉果1-2份。
其中苦瓜提取物制备方法为：称取100份鲜苦瓜，切块，按照质量比M苦瓜：M乙醇＝1:2添加70％乙醇，胶体磨均质30min，分离组织残渣，反渗透浓缩清液，低温重结晶，即得苦瓜提取物。
白芸豆提取物的制备方法为：称取50份饱满白芸豆，浸泡10h后取出，按照质量比M白芸豆：M乙醇＝1:5添加70％乙醇，在温度为40℃-50℃条件下提取1.5h，随后取提取液，减压浓缩至相对密度1.06～1.08，喷雾干燥后即得粉状白芸豆提取物。
优选的，以下原料的重量比为：葛根：桑叶：百合：山药：枸杞：金银花：罗汉果＝20：10：10：10：10：10：2。
一种防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物的制备方法，包括如下几个步骤：
步骤1：按上述重量份数准备原料；
步骤2：将葛根、山药切片，控制片厚为2-4mm，百合、枸杞去杂，罗汉果破壳；
步骤3：将桑叶、金银花去杂，剪碎，控制碎叶大小为0.4cm×0.4cm，混匀；
步骤4：将处理好的葛根、百合、山药、枸杞、罗汉果、桑叶、金银花，按照权利要求1中的比例投料，加水提取两次，第一次加入药材投料量10倍量加水，热回流提取1.5h，收取一次滤液；第二次加入药渣8倍量水，热回流提取1.5h，合并两次滤液得混合提取液；
步骤5：将低聚异麦芽糖、低聚果糖与混合提取液混合，搅拌均匀，减压浓缩得恒定相对密度的浓缩液，随后喷雾干燥得药食同源植物药粉；
步骤6：将胶原蛋白肽、苦瓜提取物、白芸豆提取物及药食同源植物药粉混匀，即得苦瓜肽组合物。
优选的，所述步骤5中喷雾干燥条件为进风温度165-175℃，出风温度80-90℃，塔内压强-35～-40Pa。
优选的，所述步骤5中浓缩液的相对密度为1.06-1.08。
优选的，所述苦瓜提取物为采用鲜苦瓜(生长期＞100天，同时＜150天)，均质，反渗透浓缩孔径为0.1-0.5nm，重结晶温度为15-25℃，所制备的。
苦瓜号称“植物胰岛素”、“脂肪杀手”，《中华本草》记载苦瓜含苦瓜甙、多肽-P(类胰岛素物质)及类脂等活性成分，可“清暑涤热，解毒，消渴”。《泉州本草》指出苦瓜“主治烦热消渴引饮，风热赤眼”，其中“消渴症”即为糖尿病。《滇南本草》记载苦瓜“清暑，益气，止渴”。
葛根号称“植物黄金”、“长寿粉”,《中药大辞典》记载含葛根素、葛根素木糖甙、大豆黄酮、β-谷甾醇及花生酸等活性成分。《中国药典》记载葛根“生津止渴，升阳止泻，通经活络，解酒毒”；《药性论》指出葛根“开胃下食，主解酒毒，止烦渴”。
桑叶为桑科植物桑的干燥叶，具有疏散风热，清肺润燥，平抑肝阳，清肝明目功效，主治风热感冒、温病初起，肺热咳嗽、燥热咳嗽，肝阳眩晕，目赤昏花。
百合为百合科植物卷丹或细叶百合的干燥肉质鳞叶。百合为常用的中草药，是我国卫生部审批通过的首批药食两用品，其营养成分主要有蛋白质、淀粉、多糖和无机盐等，具有良好的药用价值。中医认为，百合味甘微苦，性平。入心、肺经。具有养阴润肺，清心安神之功，可用于阴虚燥咳，劳嗽咳血，虚烦惊悸，失眠多梦，精神恍惚等症。在中医传统的药方中作为君药经常使用，比如《金医要略》中的百合知母汤(功效为宁心安神、润肺清热)；百合地黄汤(功效为润养心肺、清热凉血)。
山药具有滋养强壮，助消化，敛虚汗，止泻之功效，主治脾虚腹泻、肺虚咳嗽、糖尿病消渴、小便短频、遗精、妇女带下及消化不良的慢性肠炎。
枸杞味甘、性平具有补肝益肾之功效，主治肝肾亏虚，头晕目眩，目视不清，腰膝酸软，阳疹遗精，虚劳咳嗽，消渴引饮。
金银花自古被誉为清热解毒的良药。它性甘寒气芳香，甘寒清热而不伤胃，芳香透达又可祛邪。《中华本草》记载金银花富含木犀草苷、肌醇及皂甙等，具有清热解毒、凉散风热等功效。
小分子胶原蛋白肽仅由2～4个氨基酸构成的高活性肽，分子量一般在180～480道尔顿，是结缔组织极重要的结构蛋白质。小分子胶原蛋白肽具有很强的生物活性，极易被人体吸收，直接参与细胞的生长、发育；参与酶的合成，激发酶的活性，强化酶的功能；防治三高，调节血糖，补充氨基酸、蛋白质，缓解疲劳，提高免疫力。
白芸豆提取物中含有大量的淀粉酶抑制剂，它通过抑制肠道内唾液及胰α-淀粉酶的活性，阻碍食物中淀粉及其他碳水化合物的消化吸收，选择性地减少糖份摄取，降低血糖含量，减少脂肪合成，从而起到降糖、减肥及预防肥胖的作用。
低聚异麦芽糖能有效的促进人体内有益细菌-双歧杆菌的生长繁殖，故又称为“双歧杆菌生长促进因子”，简称“双歧因子”。经多年临床与实际应用表明，双歧杆菌有许多保健功能，而作为双歧杆菌促进因子的低聚异麦芽糖自然就受到了人们的关注。
低聚果糖是一种水溶性膳食纤维，长期服用可以降低血清胆固醇，改善脂质代谢，经动物和人体实验证实。低聚果糖具有如下生理功能：为双歧杆菌等有益菌所利用，即只增殖10～100倍，时双歧杆菌(致病菌)，具有双向调节之功效。人体摄入低聚果糖后，体内有益菌群双歧杆菌数量可抑制外源致病菌和肠内固有腐败细菌如沙门氏菌等生长繁殖，减少肠内腐败物质的生长和积累，促进肠道蠕动，防止便秘和腹泻。低聚果糖是一种优良的水溶性膳食纤维，能有效降低血清胆固醇、甘油三脂、游离脂肪酸的数量，对于因血脂高而引起的高血压、动脉硬化等一系列心血管疾病有较好的改善作用。
罗汉果具有清热润肺，利咽开音，滑肠通便的功效，用于肺热燥咳，咽痛失音，肠燥便秘。
中医配伍理论：
本品以苦瓜为主要原料，辅配桑叶、葛根、百合、山药、金银花、白芸豆等具有协同功效的药食同源本草植物，其中金银花提取物主要成分为绿原酸，具有降糖、刺激胰岛素分泌作用，白芸豆提取物主要是淀粉酶抑制剂，抑制碳水化合物转化成糖类，葛根提取物主要成分为葛根素，具有生津止渴功效。产品经分离提取、纯植物口感调配、浓缩富集功效物质，现代制药工艺精制而成，无外来化学物质添加，无毒副作用适合长期食用。此外，白芸豆提取物中含有大量的淀粉酶抑制剂，它通过抑制肠道内唾液及胰α-淀粉酶的活性，阻碍食物中淀粉及其他碳水化合物的消化吸收，选择性地减少糖份摄取，降低血糖含量，减少脂肪合成，从而起到降糖、减肥及预防肥胖的作用。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
一种防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物，该苦瓜肽组合物的组成成分包括如下重量份数原料：该苦瓜肽组合物的组成成分包括如下重量份数原料：苦瓜提取物10份、葛根提取物20份、桑叶提取物10份、百合提取物10份、山药提取物10份、枸杞提取物10份、金银花提取物5份、胶原蛋白肽10份、白芸豆提取物2份、低聚异麦芽糖10份、低聚果糖2份、罗汉果1份。
其中，鲜苦瓜选用生长期满足：100天＜生长期＜150天的苦瓜；
鲜苦瓜提取物制备方法为：称取100份鲜苦瓜，切块，去籽，按照质量比M苦瓜：M乙醇＝1:2添加70％乙醇，胶体磨均质30min，反渗透浓缩孔径为0.1-0.5nm，重结晶温度为15-25℃，分离组织残渣，反渗透浓缩清液，低温重结晶，即得鲜苦瓜提取物。
白芸豆提取物的制备方法为：称取50份饱满白芸豆，浸泡10h后取出，按照质量比M白芸豆：M乙醇＝1:5添加70％乙醇，在温度为40℃-50℃条件下提取1.5h，随后取提取液，减压浓缩至相对密度1.06～1.08，喷雾干燥后即得粉状白芸豆提取物。
一种防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物的制备方法，包括如下几个步骤：
步骤1：按上述重量份数准备原料；
步骤2：将葛根、山药切片，控制片厚为2-4mm，百合、枸杞去杂，罗汉果破壳；
步骤3：将桑叶、金银花去杂，剪碎，控制碎叶大小为0.4cm×0.4cm，混匀；
步骤4：将处理好的葛根、百合、山药、枸杞、罗汉果、桑叶、金银花，按照权利要求1中的比例投料，加水提取两次，第一次加入药材投料量10倍量加水，回流提取1.5h，取一次滤液，第二次加入药渣8倍量乙醇，回流提取1.5h，合并两次滤液得混合提取液；
步骤5：将低聚异麦芽糖、低聚果糖与混合提取液混合，搅拌均匀，减压浓缩得恒定相对密度的浓缩液，随后喷雾干燥得药食同源植物药粉；
步骤6：将胶原蛋白肽、苦瓜提取物、白芸豆提取物及药食同源植物药粉混匀，即得苦瓜肽组合物。
实验一：
实验材料：通过实施例1中提供的制备方法所得药食同源植物药粉，实验前加100-200ml水配成药液，待用。
实验对象：昆明鼠48只，体重25±1g，雌雄各半，随后在昆明鼠鼠尾尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素(在4℃冰浴中用0.05M柠檬酸pH4.5溶液配制，立即使用)200mg/kg，造成糖尿病模型，并将48只昆明鼠按照雌雄均分为A、B、C三组，生活环境及喂养方式相同。
A组连续7天饲喂由实施例1所得药食同源植物药粉，其中，每只小鼠每天饲喂10mg药食同源植物药粉，末次给药后2小时，眶静脉取血，以邻甲苯胺法(超微量法)测血糖。
B组连续7天饲喂现有技术提供的防治糖尿病的药粉，其中，每只小鼠每天饲喂10mg现有技术提供的防治糖尿病的药粉，末次给药后2小时，眶静脉取血，以邻甲苯胺法(超微量法)测血糖。
C组除不饲喂药物外，其他生活环境及喂养方式相同，眶静脉取血，以邻甲苯胺法(超微量法)测血糖。
测得A、B、C三组昆明鼠的血糖值，结果如表1：
表1
由上述表1可知，实施例1所得药食同源植物药粉具有良好的降血糖作用，其效果强于现有技术提供的防治糖尿病的药粉。
实施例2：
一种防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物，该苦瓜肽组合物的组成成分包括如下重量份数原料：该苦瓜肽组合物的组成成分包括如下重量份数原料：苦瓜提取物10份、葛根提取物20份、桑叶提取物15份、百合提取物10份、山药提取物10份、枸杞提取物10份、金银花提取物5份、胶原蛋白肽10份、白芸豆提取物2份、低聚异麦芽糖10份、低聚果糖3份、罗汉果2份。
其中，鲜苦瓜选用生长期满足：100天＜生长期＜150天的苦瓜；
苦瓜提取物制备方法为：称取45份鲜苦瓜，切块，去籽，按照质量比M苦瓜：M乙醇＝1:2添加70％乙醇，胶体磨均质30min，反渗透浓缩孔径为0.1-0.5nm，重结晶温度为15-25℃，分离组织残渣，反渗透浓缩清液，低温重结晶，即得鲜苦瓜提取物
白芸豆提取物的制备方法为：称取50份饱满白芸豆，浸泡10h后取出，按照质量比M白芸豆：M乙醇＝1:5添加70％乙醇，在温度为40℃-50℃条件下提取1.5h，随后取提取液，减压浓缩至相对密度1.06～1.08，喷雾干燥后即得粉状白芸豆提取物。
一种防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物的制备方法，包括如下几个步骤：
步骤1：按上述重量份数准备原料；
步骤2：将葛根、山药切片，控制片厚为2-4mm，百合、枸杞去杂，罗汉果破壳；
步骤3：将桑叶、金银花去杂，剪碎，控制碎叶大小为0.4cm×0.4cm，混匀；
步骤4：将处理好的葛根、百合、山药、枸杞、罗汉果、桑叶、金银花，按照权利要求1中的比例投料，加水提取两次，第一次加入药材投料量10倍的水，回流提取1.5h，取一次滤液，第二次加入药渣8倍量的乙醇，回流提取1.5h，合并两次滤液得混合提取液；
步骤5：将低聚异麦芽糖、低聚果糖与混合提取液混合，搅拌均匀，减压浓缩得恒定相对密度的浓缩液，随后喷雾干燥得药食同源植物药粉；
步骤6：将胶原蛋白肽、苦瓜提取物、白芸豆提取物及药食同源植物药粉混匀，即得苦瓜肽组合物。
实验二：
实验材料：通过实施例1中提供的制备方法所得药食同源植物药粉，实验前加100-200ml水配成药液，待用。
实验对象：昆明鼠48只，体重25±1g，雌雄各半，随后在昆明鼠鼠尾尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素(在4℃冰浴中用0.05M柠檬酸pH4.5溶液配制，立即使用)200mg/kg，造成糖尿病模型，并将48只昆明鼠按照雌雄均分为A、B、C三组，生活环境及喂养方式相同。
A组连续7天饲喂由实施例2所得药食同源植物药粉，其中，每只小鼠每天饲喂10mg药食同源植物药粉，末次给药后2小时，眶静脉取血，以邻甲苯胺法(超微量法)测血糖。
B组连续7天饲喂现有技术提供的防治糖尿病的药粉，其中，每只小鼠每天饲喂10mg现有技术提供的防治糖尿病的药粉，末次给药后2小时，眶静脉取血，以邻甲苯胺法(超微量法)测血糖。
C组除不饲喂药物外，其他生活环境及喂养方式相同，眶静脉取血，以邻甲苯胺法(超微量法)测血糖。
测得A、B、C三组昆明鼠的血糖值，结果如表2：
表2
由上述表2可知，实施例2所得药食同源植物药粉具有良好的降血糖作用，其效果强于现有技术提供的防治糖尿病的药粉。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物，其特征在于，该苦瓜肽组合物的组成成分包括如下重量份数原料：苦瓜提取物10-15份、葛根提取物20-25份、桑叶提取物10-15份、百合提取物10-15份、山药提取物10-15份、枸杞提取物10-15份、金银花提取物5-10份、胶原蛋白肽15-20份、白芸豆提取物2-3份、低聚异麦芽糖10-15份、低聚果糖3-5份、罗汉果1-2份。
其中，鲜苦瓜提取物制备方法为：称取100份鲜苦瓜，切块，去籽，按照质量比M苦瓜：M乙醇＝1:2添加70％乙醇，胶体磨均质30min，分离组织残渣，清液反渗透浓缩，低温重结晶，即得苦瓜提取物。
白芸豆提取物的制备方法为：称取50份饱满白芸豆，浸泡10h后取出，按照质量比M白芸豆：M乙醇＝1:5添加70％乙醇，在温度为50℃条件下提取1.5h，随后取提取液，减压浓缩至相对密度1.06～1.08，喷雾干燥后即得粉状白芸豆提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物，其特征在于，以下原料的重量比为：葛根：桑叶：百合：山药：枸杞：金银花：罗汉果＝20：10：10：10：10：5：2。
3.一种根据权利要求1-2中任意一项所述的防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，该制备方法包括如下几个步骤：
步骤1：按上述重量份数准备原料；
步骤2：将葛根、山药切片，控制片厚为2-4mm，百合、枸杞去杂，罗汉果破壳；
步骤3：将桑叶、金银花去杂，剪碎，控制碎叶大小为0.4cm×0.4cm，混匀；
步骤4：将处理好的葛根、百合、山药、枸杞、罗汉果、桑叶、金银花，按照权利要求1中的比例投料，加水提取两次，第一次加入药材投料量10倍的水，热回流提取1.5h，取一次滤液，第二次加入药渣8倍量的水，热回流提取1.5h，合并两次滤液得混合提取液；
步骤5：将低聚异麦芽糖、低聚果糖与混合提取液混合，搅拌均匀，减压浓缩得恒定相对密度的浓缩液，随后喷雾干燥得药食同源植物药粉；
步骤6：将胶原蛋白肽、苦瓜提取物、白芸豆提取物和药食同源植物药粉混匀，即得苦瓜肽组合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤5中喷雾干燥条件为进风温度165-175℃，出风温度80-90℃，塔内压强-35～-40Pa。
5.根据权利要求3所述的防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤5中浓缩液的相对密度为1.06-1.08。
6.根据权利要求1所述的防治糖尿病的苦瓜肽组合物，其特征在于，苦瓜提取物为采用鲜苦瓜(生长期＞100天，同时＜150天)，均质，反渗透浓缩孔径为0.1-0.5nm，重结晶温度为15-25℃，所制备的。
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| WO2023040001A1 (zh) * | 2021-09-16 | 2023-03-23 | 湖南希尔天然药业有限公司 | 一种含有桑叶 dnj 和桑叶肽的组合物及其制备方法 |
| CN117044945A (zh) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-11-14 | 北京衡美金叶营养健康科技有限公司 | 一种具有控制血糖上升作用的食品组合物及其制备方法和应用 |
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| CN117044945A (zh) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-11-14 | 北京衡美金叶营养健康科技有限公司 | 一种具有控制血糖上升作用的食品组合物及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN117044945B (zh) * | 2023-10-09 | 2024-03-15 | 北京衡美金叶营养健康科技有限公司 | 一种具有控制血糖上升作用的食品组合物及其制备方法和应用 |
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