CN112587502B - 一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体及其制备方法与应用,该MOFs纳米药物载体包括MOFs纳米粒子、红细胞膜,所述MOFs纳米粒子的孔隙上装载有硼酸,所述MOFs纳米粒子外部包裹红细胞膜,该MOFs纳米药物载体采用水热法合成,反应条件温和,合成效率高,且粒径均匀,单一分散性好,载药量高,具有良好荧光成像能力和高的生物相容性,可作为抗肿瘤药物载体。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学与生物医学领域,具体涉及一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
虽然癌症的治疗方法在不断进步,但依于抗癌药物的治疗仍然是当前临床癌症诊疗的主要手段,目前,由于许多药物的活性成分在生理状况下不稳定、溶解度低、毒副作用大,导致现在许多抗癌药物的药效以及治疗效果不如预期,而且还会对正常组织造成不可逆的伤害。因此许多抗癌药物并不适合直接给药方式,需要利用合适的药物载体在各组织和细胞进行药物传递,从而达到减少给药次数,优化疗程,减少药物副作用以及降低病人痛苦,增加病人依从性的效果。在肿瘤及癌症治疗中,硼酸及其衍生物发挥重要作用,但因为硼酸具有水溶性差、毒性高、靶向性差的特点,当前的含硼药物不适合直接给药方式,需要利用合适的药物载体进行药物传递,实现药物在癌症部位的释放,从而达到高效治疗的效果。另外,硼酸在水中的溶解性与温度正相关,这使脂质体、微乳液、固体脂质纳米粒等热稳定性差的纳米载体对硼酸的装载效率低下,因此,需设计、构建合适的药物载体材料。由于纳米材料在肿瘤部位具有高渗透长滞留(EPR)效应,许多纳米药物载体已经成功应用于临床,纳米载药技术已成为当前药物发展的重要方向之一。
近几十年来新兴的金属一有机框架材料(MOFs)具有载药量高、生物相容性好,易于化学修饰等特点,符合理想药物载体材料的要求。另外,卟啉类化合物素有“生命色素”之称,具有生物安全性高、肿瘤组织亲和性好、易有效清除以及低副作用等特点,同时其具有独特的光学性质,活跃于癌症的光动力治疗研究领域,卟啉MOFs在生物医疗领域的应用也引起大家的广泛关注。目前,虽然关于卟啉MOFs作为药物载体的研究表明这些材料已经处于临床前期水平,但在药物运载的应用领域,传统MOFs依旧存在不足,如:(1)MOFs材料的毒性评价存在争议,单单选用生物亲和的金属和有机配体不能完全保证材料一定安全;(2)靶向性与功能性不足,对于药物载体而言,除了具有药物装载的能力之外,对病变组织的靶向性和诊断能力是实现诊疗一体化的关键,有助于合理制定治疗方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体及其制备方法与应用,该MOFs纳米药物载体采用水热法合成,反应条件温和,合成效率高,且粒径均匀,单一分散性好,其稳定性好,载药量高,具有高的生物相容性及良好的荧光成像能力,可用于制备抗肿瘤药物载体。
本发明为了实现上述目的,采用的技术解决方案是:
一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体,包括MOFs纳米粒子、红细胞膜,所述MOFs纳米粒子的孔隙上装载有硼酸,所述MOFs纳米粒子外部包裹红细胞膜。
优选的,所述MOFs纳米粒子的粒径为102±0.3nm。
优选的,包裹红细胞膜的MOFs纳米粒子的粒径为116±0.3nm。
上述一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子:将5,10,15,20-四(4-羧基苯基)卟啉、八水合氯化氧锆和苯甲酸经超声溶解于DMF溶液中,然后将反应溶液加热至80~100℃,并搅拌5~8h,反应完成后冷却至室温,并离心处理,收集棕色纳米颗粒,再用DMF溶液洗涤至少2次,即得到卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子;
(2)装载硼酸药物载体:首先将硼酸溶解于沸水中,然后将卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子加入沸水中并超声混匀,将混合物在黑暗中回流,反应结束后趁热离心,弃掉上清,再用沸水洗涤离心至少2次,得到装载有硼酸的卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子;
(3)提取自体红细胞膜;
(4)包覆红细胞膜:将装载有硼酸的卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子溶于PBS配制成MOFs纳米粒子溶液,将红细胞膜溶液与MOFs纳米粒子溶液混合,并用水相多孔滤头挤出至少15次,将得到的混合溶液经冷冻干燥,即得到红细胞膜包覆的载有硼酸的卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子。
优选的,所述步骤(3)提取红细胞膜的步骤为:利用大鼠心脏血液,将其离心,吸取上层清液、中间白细胞和血小板层,将下层血细胞用等渗PBS吹散混匀,再重复离心洗涤,将沉淀得到的红细胞用低渗Tris-HCl缓冲液稀释,放置于冰箱内,并每隔3h离心换液一次,至上清液无明显红色后,再用低渗Tris-HCl缓冲液离心洗涤,至下层沉淀为粉红色,上层清液无色透明,即得到纯净的红细胞膜碎片。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中5,10,15,20-四(4-羧基苯基)卟啉、八水合氯化氧锆和苯甲酸的质量比为1:3:28,所述步骤(2)中硼酸与卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子的质量比为400:1。
优选的,所述步骤(4)中MOFs纳米粒子溶液与红细胞膜溶液的浓度均为1mg/mL。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体在制备抗肿瘤药物载体中的应用。
优选的,所述应用包括在高温环境中装载药物。
优选的,所述应用包括荧光成像与药物追踪。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)该红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体采用水热法合成,制备方法简单,反应条件温和,合成效率高,成本低,有利于大规模生成,且粒径均匀,包覆红细胞膜后粒径为116±0.3nm,单一分散性好;
(2)具有良好热稳定性,在沸水环境中仍可以保持结构稳定,能够在高温环境中装载药物,且载药量高,硼酸装载率达到45wt%;
(3)具有荧光成像能力,可以对药物的体内过程及代谢进行追踪,且能靶向作用于肿瘤细胞。
(4)表面包覆有自体红细胞膜,提高了免疫逃逸性,提高了生物相容性,避免了副作用的发生。
附图说明
图1是卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子的TEM图;
图2是外部包裹有红细胞膜的卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子的TEM图;
图3是红细胞膜包裹前后的水合粒径分布变化图;
图4是经过步骤(1)、(2)、(4)后的Zeta电位变化图;
图5是MOFs纳米粒子装载硼酸前后的紫外吸收光谱图;
图6是MOFs纳米粒子装载硼酸前后的红外吸收光谱图;
图7是MOFs纳米粒子装载硼酸前后的SEM图;
图8是MOFs纳米粒子的荧光光谱图;
图9是包裹红细胞膜MOFs纳米粒子、未包裹红细胞膜的MOFs纳米粒子与人脐静脉内皮细胞共培养的CLSM检测图;
图10是包裹红细胞膜与未包裹红细胞膜的MOFs纳米粒子的溶血率对比图;
图11是包裹红细胞膜与未包裹红细胞膜的MOFs纳米粒子的溶血试验照片;
图12是包裹红细胞膜的MOFs纳米粒子与人脐静脉内皮细胞、脑胶质瘤细胞共培养的CLSM图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体及其制备方法与应用,为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确,以下结合附图对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
本实施例是以大鼠为研究对象,对红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体及其制备方法与应用进行说明。
一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体,包括MOFs纳米粒子、红细胞膜,MOFs纳米粒子的孔隙上装载有硼酸,MOFs纳米粒子外部包裹红细胞膜,该MOFs纳米粒子的粒径为102±0.3nm,包裹红细胞膜后,包裹红细胞膜的MOFs纳米粒子的粒径为116±0.3nm,该MOFs纳米粒子用于制备抗肿瘤药物载体,具有良好的荧光成像能力,可用于荧光成像与药物追踪,可作为荧光信号对肿瘤进行诊断,且能在高温环境中装载药物,载药量高。
上述一种红细胞包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子:将5,10,15,20-四(4-羧基苯基)卟啉(100mg)、八水合氯化氧锆(300mg)和苯甲酸(2.8g)经超声溶解于DMF溶液(100mL)中,然后将反应溶液加热至90℃,轻轻搅拌6h,反应完成后冷却至室温,离心处理(离心速度10000rpm,离心时间20min)收集到棕色纳米颗粒(50mg),然后用DMF洗涤3次,即得到卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子;
(2)装载硼酸药物载体:称取4g硼酸溶解于10mL沸水中,然后再称取10mg铁卟啉锆基MOFs加入沸水中并超声混匀,将混合物在黑暗中回流24h,趁热离心(离心速度5000rpm,离心时间10min),弃掉上清,再用5mL沸水洗涤离心3次,得到深棕色的装载有硼酸的卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子,并避光保存;
(3)提取自体红细胞膜:本实施例以提取大鼠心脏血液红细胞膜为例进行说明,取大鼠心脏血液4mL,在4℃离心(离心速度3000rpm,离心时间20min),小心吸取上层清液、中间白细胞和血小板层,将下层血细胞层用等渗PBS吹散混匀,再重复离心洗涤3次,将沉淀得到的红细胞用低渗Tris-HCl缓冲液(10Mm Tris-HCl,1mM EDTA,pH=7.4)按1:50的比例稀释,放置于4℃冰箱内,每3小时离心换液一次(离心速度10000rpm,离心时间15min),至上清液无明显红色后,用1mL低渗Tris-HCl缓冲液离心洗涤(离心速度800rpm,离心时间10min),至下层沉淀为粉红色,上层清液无色透明后,则得到纯净的红细胞膜碎片;
(4)包覆红细胞膜:将装载有硼酸的卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子溶于PBS配制成1mg/mL的MOFs纳米粒子溶液,将红细胞膜溶液(1mg/mL)与MOFs纳米粒子溶液使用水相多孔滤头共挤出15次以上,滤头直径为400nm,然后将得到的混合溶液经冷冻干燥,即得到红细胞膜包覆的载药卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子。
对通过上述步骤(1)、(2)、(4)分别得到的卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子、装载有硼酸的卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子及红细胞膜包覆的载药卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子进行相关检测分析,并通过相关试验验证其性能,结果如下:
1.MOFs纳米粒子的粒径及红细胞膜是否包覆于MOFs纳米粒子表面
将红细胞膜包裹前后的载硼酸卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子用电镜进行观察,即将步骤(2)及步骤(4)的产物进行观察,图1为不同放大倍数观察的载硼酸卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子的TEM图,图2是不同放大倍数观察的外部包裹有红细胞膜的载硼酸卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子的TEM图,从图1中可以看出,载硼酸卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子粒径均匀,粒径在102nm左右,从图2中可以看出,载硼酸卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子表面包覆有红细胞膜,其粒径在116nm左右,包裹红细胞膜后,载硼酸卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子的粒径增加了红细胞膜的厚度。
通过布鲁克海文NanoDLS高灵敏粒度分析仪检测红细胞膜包裹前后的载硼酸卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子的水合粒径分布变化,分别将未包膜及包膜MOFs纳米粒子溶于PBS(Ph=7)溶液中进行检测,溶液浓度为1mg/mL,如图3所示为红细胞膜包裹前后的载硼酸卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子的水合粒径分布变化图,分从图3可以看出,红细胞膜包裹后,粒径增加了约14nm,这与红细胞膜的厚度一致,说明红细胞膜成功包裹于MOFs纳米粒子表面。
采用zeta电位分析仪对步骤(1)、(2)、(4)所得的产物进行zeta电位分析,图4是经过步骤(1)、(2)、(4)后的Zeta电位变化图,经步骤(1)制备的卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子的表面电位为负电荷,经步骤(2)装载硼酸后,表面电位变为正电菏,说明硼酸的引入使表面电位改变,经步骤(4)红细胞膜包裹后,表面电位变为负电荷,这是因为红细胞膜表面带有负电,说明了MOFs纳米粒子表面被红细胞膜覆盖。
2.检测硼酸是否成功装载于MOFs纳米粒子的孔隙中
通过紫外光谱分析仪对装载硼酸前后的MOFs纳米粒子进行紫外分析,如图5所示为MOFs纳米粒子装载硼酸前后的紫外吸收光谱图,从图5可以看出,装载硼酸前后,紫外光谱上的卟啉环的吸收峰发生了红移,代表有基态电子供体-受体的相互作用,说明硼酸装载进MOFs纳米粒子的孔隙之中。
通过红外光谱分析仪对硼酸、卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子及载有硼酸的卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子进行红外分析,如图6所示为MOFs纳米粒子装载硼酸前后的红外吸收光谱图,从图6可以看出,装载硼酸的MOFs材料在2360cm-1处出现了硼酸的特征峰,并在1450cm-1处出现了硼酸与MOFs材料的叠加峰,说明同时存在硼酸与MOFs两种物质。
3.MOFs纳米粒子的稳定性及载药量检测
通过扫描电镜检测分析在高温沸水中装载硼酸前后的MOFs纳米粒子的结构,如图6所示为MOFs纳米粒子装载硼酸前后的SEM图,从图6可以看出,在沸水中装载硼酸前后,MOFs纳米粒子的结构未发生明显变化,并通过ICP-AES检测装载硼酸后的MOFs纳米粒子中的硼酸含量,硼酸装载率达到45wt%,远高于一般纳米载体的载药量。
4.MOFs纳米粒子的荧光性能检测
通过荧光光谱仪分析红细胞膜包覆的载药卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子的荧光性能,如图8所示为MOFs纳米粒子的荧光光谱图,从图8中可以看出,MOFs纳米粒子在380-450nm处激发,发射波长为600-700nm,具有大的斯托克位移,位移大表示能量损失少,荧光效率高,抗荧光干扰效果好,具有良好的荧光成像能力,可用于荧光成像与药物追踪,可作为荧光信号对肿瘤进行诊断。
5.MOFs纳米粒子的免疫逃逸性及毒性检测
分别将包裹红细胞膜MOFs纳米粒子、未包裹红细胞膜的MOFs纳米粒子与人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)共培养3h,并用激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)观察,其中HUVECs用Hoechst33342染色,对照组未添加MOFs纳米粒子,包膜MOFs与未包膜MOFs组中MOFs浓度一样,如图9所示为包裹红细胞膜MOFs纳米粒子、未包裹红细胞膜的MOFs纳米粒子与人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)共培养的CLSM检测图,从图9中可以看出,红细胞包裹的MOFs纳米粒子在HUVECs中的含量明显少于未包膜,证明其具有免疫逃逸性,可以避免被网状内皮系统包裹清除。并通过溶血实验评估了该MOFs纳米粒子的毒性,如图10所示为包裹红细胞膜与未包裹红细胞膜的MOFs纳米粒子的溶血率对比图,横坐标为MOFs纳米粒子的浓度,纵坐标为溶血率,从图10中可以看出,未包膜的溶血率明显高于包膜的溶血率;图11为包裹红细胞膜与未包裹红细胞膜的MOFs纳米粒子的溶血试验照片,从图11中可以看出,在MOFs纳米粒子浓度为200mg/L时,包裹红细胞膜的试验样品仍未发生明显的溶血现象,而未包裹红细胞膜的,在100mg/L的浓度时就发生溶血,说明红细胞膜的包裹明显降低了MOFs纳米粒子的毒性。
6.MOFs纳米粒子靶向富集于肿瘤细胞
分别将相同浓度的包裹红细胞膜的MOFs纳米粒子与人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)、脑胶质瘤细胞(U87-MG)共培养,并用激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)观察,如图12所示为包裹红细胞膜的MOFs纳米粒子与人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)、脑胶质瘤细胞(U87-MG)共培养的CLSM图,从图12中可以看出,包膜的MOFs纳米粒子靶向富集于U87-MG,而在HUVECs中的含量明显较少,进一步证明包膜MOFs纳米粒子具有免疫逃逸性,可以避免被网状内皮系统包裹清除,从而保证大部分MOFs纳米粒子可以靶向作用于肿瘤细胞。
本发明中未述及的部分,采用或借鉴已有技术即可实现。
当然,上述说明并非是对本发明的限制,本发明也并不仅限于上述举例,本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的改型、添加或替换,也应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体包括MOFs纳米粒子、红细胞膜,所述MOFs纳米粒子的孔隙上装载有硼酸,所述MOFs纳米粒子外部包裹红细胞膜;
具体制备步骤如下:
(1)制备卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子:将5,10,15,20-四(4-羧基苯基)卟啉、八水合氯化氧锆和苯甲酸经超声溶解于DMF溶液中,然后将反应溶液加热至80~100℃,并搅拌5~8h,反应完成后冷却至室温,并离心处理,收集棕色纳米颗粒,再用DMF溶液洗涤至少2次,即得到卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子;
(2)装载硼酸药物载体:首先将硼酸溶解于沸水中,然后将卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子加入沸水中并超声混匀,将混合物在黑暗中回流,反应结束后趁热离心,弃掉上清,再用沸水洗涤离心至少2次,得到装载有硼酸的卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子;
(3)提取自体红细胞膜;
(4)包覆红细胞膜:将装载有硼酸的卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子溶于PBS配制成MOFs纳米粒子溶液,将红细胞膜溶液与MOFs纳米粒子溶液混合,并用水相多孔滤头挤出至少15次,将得到的混合溶液经冷冻干燥,即得到红细胞膜包覆的载有硼酸的卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述MOFs纳米粒子的粒径为102±0.3nm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体的制备方法,其特征在于,包裹红细胞膜的MOFs纳米粒子的粒径为116±0.3nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)提取红细胞膜的步骤为:利用大鼠心脏血液,将其离心,吸取上层清液、中间白细胞和血小板层,将下层血细胞用等渗PBS吹散混匀,再重复离心洗涤,将沉淀得到的红细胞用低渗Tris-HCl缓冲液稀释,放置于冰箱内,并每隔3h离心换液一次,至上清液无明显红色后,再用低渗Tris-HCl缓冲液离心洗涤,至下层沉淀为粉红色,上层清液无色透明,即得到纯净的红细胞膜碎片。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中5,10,15,20-四(4-羧基苯基)卟啉、八水合氯化氧锆和苯甲酸的质量比为1:3:28,所述步骤(2)中硼酸与卟啉锆基MOFs纳米粒子的质量比为400:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中MOFs纳米粒子溶液与红细胞膜溶液的浓度均为1mg/mL。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的制备方法制备的一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体在制备抗肿瘤药物载体中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体在制备抗肿瘤药物载体中的应用,其特征在于,所述的应用包括在高温环境中装载药物。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种红细胞膜包覆的MOFs纳米药物载体在制备抗肿瘤药物载体中的应用,其特征在于,所述的应用包括荧光成像与药物追踪。
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