CN112586604A - Method and device for preparing feed additive through ganoderma-astragalus bidirectional fermentation based on pressure pulsation technology - Google Patents
Method and device for preparing feed additive through ganoderma-astragalus bidirectional fermentation based on pressure pulsation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN112586604A CN112586604A CN202010805540.2A CN202010805540A CN112586604A CN 112586604 A CN112586604 A CN 112586604A CN 202010805540 A CN202010805540 A CN 202010805540A CN 112586604 A CN112586604 A CN 112586604A
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- fermentation
- air
- ganoderma
- astragalus
- feed additive
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N17/00—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs
-
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/16—Solid state fermenters, e.g. for koji production
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- C12M29/06—Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers
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- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/12—Pulsatile flow
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/20—Degassing; Venting; Bubble traps
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- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/26—Conditioning fluids entering or exiting the reaction vessel
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- C12M37/00—Means for sterilizing, maintaining sterile conditions or avoiding chemical or biological contamination
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- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
- C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
- C12M41/20—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes the heat transfer medium being a gas
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- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/40—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of pressure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for preparing a feed additive by ganoderma-astragalus bidirectional fermentation based on a pressure pulsation technology, belonging to the technical field of fermentation engineering. The invention solves the problems of low fermentation production efficiency, high cost, low activity of fermentation products and the like in the process of carrying out bidirectional fermentation on the lucid ganoderma and the astragalus membranaceus in the prior art, provides a technical scheme of bidirectional fermentation of the lucid ganoderma and the astragalus membranaceus by utilizing a pressure pulsation technology, can effectively improve the fermentation efficiency in the fermentation process, and has better effect of improving the immunity of aquatic products when the product is applied to feeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for preparing a feed additive by ganoderma-astragalus bidirectional fermentation based on a pressure pulsation technology, belonging to the technical field of fermentation engineering.
Background
China is the first major country of aquaculture and accounts for about 70% of the total amount of the world. Intensive high-density culture causes ecological environment destruction and greatly increases pathogen cross-infection among aquatic animals. The long-term use of antibiotics in large quantities is the most prominent problem in the aquaculture industry in China. According to statistics, the annual antibiotic yield of China exceeds 21 million tons, and nearly 50 percent of the antibiotic yield is used for the breeding industry. The abuse of antibiotics not only causes the generation of a large amount of drug-resistant bacteria and reduces the yield of cultivation, but also can remain in the environment and food chain and cause harm to human health. Banning of feed antibiotics is the only choice for green development of the breeding industry in China. However, the development and research of China in the field of green feed additives are immature at present, the development and research are limited by the restriction of factors such as cost and effect, and the market does not have a suitable substitute capable of completely replacing antibiotics, so that the development of the novel green feed additives which have no pollution, no residue and no side effect and can enhance the immunity of organisms replaces the antibiotics, and the realization of low-cost and large-scale production of the novel green feed additives is a key step for the healthy development of the aquatic feed industry.
The bidirectional fermentation is characterized in that traditional Chinese medicinal materials with active ingredients are used as substrates and fermented by beneficial medicinal fungi, a series of catabolism and anabolism are generated in the growth process of the fungi, and new ingredients and new functions are generated, so that the bidirectional fermentation has the advantages of improving curative effects, expanding adaptation diseases, reducing toxic and side effects and the like [1 ]. Astragalus membranaceus is used as a traditional Chinese medicine and has multiple effects of enhancing immunity, resisting oxidation, resisting virus and the like, and ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus with a long application history [2 ]. Multiple researches show that the ganoderma-astragalus solid bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm is developed into a novel feed additive, has better effects of improving immunity, promoting calcium absorption, improving animal flavor and the like than the simple ganoderma and astragalus, is beneficial to protecting water quality and environment, and has large market capacity and wide application prospect. Zhang Li Yang, etc. found that the Lysimachia foenum-graecum mycoplasm obviously enhances the humoral immunity of the broiler chicken and promotes the growth and metabolism of the broiler chicken [3 ]. Huoguang and the like respectively investigate the influence of ganoderma lucidum mycoplasm on the growth performance and the organism immunity level of macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the results show that the capability of the ganoderma lucidum mycoplasm for promoting the growth of the macrobrachium rosenbergii and improving the immunity is obviously stronger than that of the ganoderma lucidum mycoplasm and astragalus membranaceus, and the content of alkaline phosphatase in the macrobrachium rosenbergii is also improved, so that the absorption of the ganoderma lucidum mycoplasm on calcium is promoted, and the capability of the macrobrachium rosenbergii for changing the shell to grow is. In the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei, the Linqilus formosanus can obviously improve the immunity of the Macrobrachium vannamei and accelerate the growth of the Macrobrachium vannamei, and also obviously improve the content of inosinic acid (main umami substances in aquatic products such as shrimps and crabs) in the organism of the Macrobrachium vannamei [5 ]. The research team uses the astragalus membranaceus mycoplasm in crab culture with higher added value, so that the survival rate of crabs is obviously improved, and the crab-shaped crabs have better mouthfeel. The actual application of the astragalus membranaceus mycoplasm products cannot be realized so far, and the main reason is that the astragalus membranaceus-astragalus membranaceus bidirectional fermentation technology cannot realize low cost and large scale.
[1] Zuangyi, Panyang, XieUmei, Zhang Li Yang, origin, development, advantages and potentials of the medicinal fungus 'bidirectional fermentation', edible fungus of China, 2007, 26: 3-6.
[2] Zhuqiang, summer and autumn, Chen ai celery and bear Xiaohui, the solid-state fermentation conditions of the astragalus mycoplasm polysaccharide are optimized by a response surface method, the journal of biological engineering of China, 2011, 31: 99-103.
[3] Zhangli Yang, Zhonghaofei, Yu rock, Zhang forest, Wang Yongkun, Zhuang Ying, research on the regulation and control of internal secretion and immunity of broiler chickens by medicinal fungus fermentation products, college of Yangzhou, 2005, 26: 16-20.
[4] Hopoguoming, zhangli yang, zhangyongjiang, ruanming, roughy jade peng, influence of the ganoderma stilbene mycoplasm on the growth and immunity of macrobrachium rosenbergii and the content of inosinic acid, journal of water ecology, 2009, 2: 85-88.
[5] Zhuqiang, summer autumn, bear dawn, Wangxingqiang, Hades and reservoir, the influence of the Lysqin fungus on the growth and nonspecific immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei, Aquaculture, 2012, 31: 398-.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the problem that fermentation production efficiency is low, cost is high, activity of fermentation products is low and the like in the process of bidirectional fermentation of lucid ganoderma and astragalus membranaceus in the prior art is solved, the technical scheme of bidirectional fermentation of lucid ganoderma and astragalus membranaceus by using a pressure pulsation technology is provided, fermentation efficiency can be effectively improved in the fermentation process, and the product has a better effect of improving aquatic immunity when being applied to feed.
In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided:
a method for preparing a feed additive by ganoderma-astragalus bidirectional fermentation based on a pressure pulsation technology comprises the following steps:
step 1, providing a ganoderma lucidum fungus seed solution;
step 2, respectively crushing the lucid ganoderma and the astragalus, and mixing the lucid ganoderma powder, the astragalus powder, the carbon source, the nitrogen source and the KH2PO4、MgSO4According to the weight ratio of 15-20: 70-90: 4-5: 1-2: 6-10: 2-5, obtaining a mixed fermentation medium;
step 3, adding water into the mixed fermentation medium to enable the water content to reach 50-55 wt%; adding the ganoderma lucidum fungus seed liquid according to the inoculation amount of 1% for fermentation; in the fermentation process, periodic pulsating air is applied, and after the fermentation is finished, the fermentation product is crushed to obtain the feed additive.
In one embodiment, in step 1, the ganoderma lucidum fungus seed solution is obtained by inoculating a ganoderma lucidum fungus slant strain into a liquid seed culture medium and then culturing.
In one embodiment, the liquid seed culture medium comprises a liquid seed culture medium: 1.5% of bean flour, 4% of glucose, 0.3% of yeast extract, 0.4% of peptone and MgSO 240.07%、KH2PO40.2%。
In one embodiment, the mixed fermentation medium obtained in step 2 is subjected to a sterilization treatment.
In one embodiment, in step 3, the fermentation process is carried out at a temperature in the range of 20-35 ℃ for a fermentation time in the range of 15-25 days.
In one embodiment, in step 3, the pulsating air pressure fluctuates periodically within the range of 0.05 to 0.25MPa, with a maximum value of 0.25MPa and a minimum value of 0.05 MPa; the fluctuation frequency is 10-20min per time.
In one embodiment, the fermentation device adopted in the fermentation process in the step comprises an air pretreatment unit and a solid-state fermentation tank; the air pretreatment unit is connected with a compressed air inlet and a water adding port, and an atomizer is also arranged in the air pretreatment unit and connected with the water adding port; a heat exchanger for heating air is also arranged in the air pretreatment unit; the inside of solid state fermentation jar is equipped with the flat porous ceramic that the polylith level was placed, and flat porous ceramic's inside still is equipped with the inside passage, and air preprocessing unit passes through microporous membrane and connects in the inside passage, still is equipped with the filtration unit at solid state fermentation jar's top, is filled with hollow fiber membrane silk in the filtration unit, and the outside of hollow fiber membrane silk is linked together with solid state fermentation jar's inside, still is equipped with pressure controller in solid state fermentation jar's outside, and the inside and the pressure controller of hollow fiber membrane silk are connected.
In one embodiment, the internal channels of the flat plate porous ceramic are all connected to a manifold, and the permeate side of the microporous filtration membrane is connected to the manifold.
In one embodiment, the air filter element is rectangular in cross-section.
In one embodiment, the process of fermentative fermentation comprises the following steps: respectively adding air and water into the air pretreatment unit from a compressed air inlet and a water adding port, atomizing the water by an atomizer, and increasing the temperature of the air by a heat exchanger; sterilizing the air by a microporous filter membrane, pressing the air into a solid-state fermentation tank, and accumulating a mixed fermentation culture medium on the surface of the flat-plate type porous ceramic; periodically exhausting air in the solid-state fermentation tank through a pressure controller and regulating and controlling the internal pressure; suspended matters in the air are filtered out by an air filtering unit and are settled on the flat-plate type porous ceramic.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of performing damage detection on the air filter unit, comprising:
step S1, dividing the cross section of the air filter unit into grids according to the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction;
step S2, using a sealing rubber strip to tightly seal one of the transverse or longitudinal grid belts on the surface of the air filter unit connected with the pressure controller;
step S3, applying air pressure to the outside of the air filter unit, and measuring the gas flow flowing out from the pore channel in the hollow fiber membrane yarn;
step S4, the sealing rubber strips are removed, other transverse or longitudinal grid belts are traversed in sequence, and steps S2-S3 are executed; obtaining a gas flow data set X (L) when each group of transverse grid belts are pressed and sealedx1、Lx2、……、Lxm) Obtaining a gas flow data set Y (L) when each group of longitudinal grid belts are pressed and sealedy1、Ly2、……、Lyn) (ii) a Wherein m is the position number of the mesh belt in the transverse direction, and n is the position number of the mesh belt in the longitudinal direction;
step S5, counting all the obtained gas flow data sets, finding out the number A of the mesh strip in the data set X, the flow of which is obviously smaller than other flow values in the data set X, and finding out the number B of the mesh strip in the data set Y, the flow of which is obviously smaller than other flow values in the data set Y; it is determined that there is a break in the hollow fiber membrane filaments at the position coordinate (A, B) in the lattice.
In one embodiment, all the hollow fiber membrane filaments in the mesh at position (A, B) are sealed with a sealing glue on the cross section in the air filter unit.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided:
the feed additive directly obtained by the preparation method.
In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided:
the feed additive is applied to the preparation of aquaculture feed.
The aquaculture refers to the culture of shrimps, crabs or fish.
In the application, the addition amount of the feed additive is 1-5 wt%.
Advantageous effects
The invention adopts a pressure pulsation technology to carry out bidirectional solid state fermentation treatment on the ganoderma-astragalus, and the obtained fermentation product is effective
The pressure pulsation fermentation technology adopted in the invention solves the difficult problems of poor heat and mass transfer, solid bidirectional fermentation amplification process and the like in the prior art, and breaks through the technical bottleneck that the solid bidirectional fermentation of the lucid ganoderma and the astragalus membranaceus is difficult to realize large-scale culture.
Solid-state fermentation process in this patent has adopted dull and stereotyped porous ceramic as the platform of placing fermentation medium, and its surface has the micropore for compressed air can more evenly spread in to fermentation medium after leading-in, has improved mass transfer heat transfer effect.
Through the filtration unit in this patent, the culture medium that produces after introducing periodic compressed air raises the dust that produces and holds back to fall back in the below culture medium, protected the gas vent effectively and realized the recycle of fermentation material.
The ganoderma-astragalus residue bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm is proved to be a functional feed additive which can replace antibiotics and has obvious effect, and the ganoderma-astragalus residue bidirectional fermentation mycoplasm additive can play an important promoting role in the breeding industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an air filtration unit;
FIG. 4 is a grid and seal view of an air filter unit;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of lysozyme activities;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of alkaline phosphatase;
wherein, 1, an air pretreatment unit; 2. a compressed air inlet; 3. a water addition port; 4. an atomizer; 5. a heat exchanger; 6. a microporous filtration membrane; 7. a header pipe; 8. flat plate type porous ceramics; 9. an internal channel; 10. an air filtration unit; 11. hollow fiber membrane filaments; 12. a pressure controller; 13. sealing the rubber strip; 14. plugging glue; 15. and a liquid discharge port.
Detailed Description
In the following examples, the ganoderma lucidum seed liquid used was obtained by inoculating the slant strain of ganoderma lucidum into a liquid seed medium and culturing for 4 days at 25-28 ℃, wherein the liquid seed medium contained a liquid seed medium: 1.5% of bean flour, 4% of glucose, 0.3% of yeast extract, 0.4% of peptone and MgSO 240.07%、KH2PO40.2%。
The adopted astragalus and ganoderma lucidum are crushed in advance and are sieved by a 200-mesh sieve for treatment.
The adopted pulse solid state fermentation device structure is shown in figure 2, and comprises an air pretreatment unit 1 and a solid state fermentation tank 16; the air pretreatment unit 1 is connected with a compressed air inlet 2 and a water adding port 3, an atomizer 4 is further installed inside the air pretreatment unit 1, and the atomizer 4 is connected with the water adding port 3; a heat exchanger 5 for heating air is also arranged in the air pretreatment unit 1; the inside of solid state fermentation jar 16 is equipped with the flat porous ceramic 8 of polylith level placement (average pore diameter is about 5 um), and the inside of flat porous ceramic 8 still is equipped with inside passage 9, and air pretreatment unit 1 passes through microfiltration membrane 6 and connects in inside passage 9, and the inside passage 9 of flat porous ceramic 8 all is connected with pressure manifold 7, and the infiltration side of microfiltration membrane 6 is connected in pressure manifold 7. An air filtering unit 10 is further arranged at the top of the solid-state fermentation tank 16, hollow fiber membrane wires 11 are filled in the air filtering unit 10, the outside of the hollow fiber membrane wires 11 is communicated with the inside of the solid-state fermentation tank 16, a pressure controller 12 is further arranged at the outside of the solid-state fermentation tank 16, the inside of the hollow fiber membrane wires 11 is connected with the pressure controller 12, and the hollow fiber membrane wires 11 are sealed at joints.
The above-described apparatus is operated by feeding air and water into the air preprocessing unit 1 from the compressed air inlet 2 and the water feeding port 3, respectively, and atomizing the water by the atomizer 4 and raising the temperature of the air by the heat exchanger 5; sterilizing air with microporous membrane 6 (aperture of 0.45 um) and pressing air into solid fermentation tank 16, wherein mixed fermentation culture medium is accumulated on the surface of plate-type porous ceramic 8; the air in the solid-state fermentation tank 16 is periodically discharged through the pressure controller 12, and the internal pressure is regulated; suspended substances in the air are filtered out by the air filtering unit 10 and are settled on the flat plate type porous ceramic 8.
In a more specific process, the operating parameters are preferably: the temperature range of the fermentation process is 20-35 ℃, the fermentation time range is 15-25 days, the pulsating air pressure range is periodically fluctuated between 0.05-0.25MPa, the maximum value is 0.25MPa, and the minimum value is 0.05 MPa; the fluctuation frequency is 10-20min per time.
In the pulsation process, the high-pressure air blown out of the solid fermentation medium blows off the medium powder, so that the medium powder enters the exhaust channel on one hand and the waste of products is also caused on the other hand. The powder culture medium in the blown-out gas is intercepted in the air filtering unit 10 and can further fall back to the flat plate type porous ceramic 8 below, so that the blockage of an exhaust channel and the waste of raw materials are avoided.
During the process of pulse pressurization, the hollow fiber membrane filaments 12 may have internal broken filaments, and since the membrane filaments are dense and have small diameters, it is not easy to directly determine whether there is damage by a conventional method, which easily causes the ejected powder fermentation medium to enter the pressure controller 12. The determination of the yarn breakage is performed by setting the positions of the hollow fiber membrane yarns on the cross section of the air filter to be uniformly and randomly distributed:
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the air filter unit 10 has a rectangular cross section; the rectangular shape can be divided into a plurality of grids in the X direction (transverse direction) and the Y direction (longitudinal direction) by setting a certain width of the elongated bar.
On the side of the air filter unit 10 connected to the pressure controller 12, one of the transverse or longitudinal mesh strips is tightly pressed and sealed by a sealing rubber strip 13; the sealing mode can be realized by a mechanical pressing mode; for example, the 1 st column of grid bars in the X direction is sealed;
step S3, applying air pressure to the outside of the air filtering unit 10, wherein no air can flow out to the air filtering unit 10 from the hollow fiber membrane filaments at the sealed position, even if there are broken filaments in the sealed grid strip, the filtered air can not be obtained from the broken filaments, and the filtered air can be filtered normally in other grid areas, and measuring the flow rate of the air flowing out from the pore passages in the hollow fiber membrane filaments 11; if the membrane filaments in other areas except the sealed grid strip have one break, the gas flow is larger, and the gas flows out more easily through the break opening due to the break of the membrane filaments in other areas, so that the gas flow is larger;
step S4, the sealing rubber strip 13 is removed, other transverse or longitudinal grid belts are traversed in sequence, and steps S2-S3 are executed; obtaining a gas flow data set X (L) when each group of transverse grid belts are pressed and sealedx1、Lx2、……、Lxm) Obtaining a gas flow data set Y (L) when each group of longitudinal grid belts are pressed and sealedy1、Ly2、……、Lyn) (ii) a Wherein m is the position number of the mesh belt in the transverse direction, and n is the position number of the mesh belt in the longitudinal direction; after this step it is obtained that the individual transverse and longitudinal grid bars are sealedThe flow data of the process, if there is a broken membrane wire in one of the membrane wires, the broken membrane wire will not leak air only if and only if the membrane wire is just sealed by a certain transverse grid strip or a certain longitudinal grid strip, and then the flow will be reduced significantly when the broken membrane wire falls on the area where the sealing strip is located, otherwise the gas flow caused by the broken membrane wire leaking air will be large under any other conditions.
Step S5, counting all the obtained gas flow data sets, finding out the number A of the mesh strip in the data set X, the flow of which is obviously smaller than other flow values in the data set X, and finding out the number B of the mesh strip in the data set Y, the flow of which is obviously smaller than other flow values in the data set Y; it is determined that there is a break in the hollow fiber membrane filaments at the position coordinate (A, B) in the lattice. Through the analysis of this step, a cross point can be formed in the X direction and the Y direction, and since the broken membrane wire must be a grid in both the X direction and the Y direction, the planar position of the broken membrane wire can be accurately determined by its X, Y coordinates. By sealing all the hollow fiber membrane filaments 12 in the mesh at position (A, B) in the cross section of the air filter unit 10 with the sealing compound 14, it is possible to prevent the broken membrane filaments from letting dust-laden air into the pressure controller in the subsequent operation and to allow the entire air filter to be used without having to be replaced.
After solid bidirectional fermentation, the polysaccharide in the fermentation product is extracted by a boiling water extraction method, and the polysaccharide content is measured by a phenol-sulfuric acid method.
Extracting the triterpene compound by ethanol extraction method, and detecting the content of the triterpene compound by spectrophotometry.
Example 1
Pulverizing Ganoderma and radix astragali respectively, and mixing with Ganoderma powder, radix astragali powder, carbon source, nitrogen source, and KH2PO4、MgSO4According to the weight ratio of 15: 70: 4: 1: 6: 2, mixing to obtain a mixed fermentation medium, and then performing high-temperature sterilization treatment;
adding water into the mixed fermentation culture medium to make the water content reach 50 wt%; adding the ganoderma lucidum fungus seed liquid according to the inoculation amount of 1% for fermentation; in the fermentation process, applying periodic pulsating air with the pressure ranging from 0.05 to 0.25MPa, wherein the maximum value is 0.25MPa, and the minimum value is 0.05 MPa; the fluctuation frequency is 10min per time; the temperature range of the fermentation process is 20-30 ℃, the fermentation time range is 15 days, and after the fermentation is finished, the fermentation product is crushed to obtain the feed additive.
Example 2
Pulverizing Ganoderma and radix astragali respectively, and mixing with Ganoderma powder, radix astragali powder, carbon source, nitrogen source, and KH2PO4、MgSO4According to the weight ratio of 20: 90: 5: 2: 10: 5, mixing to obtain a mixed fermentation culture medium, and then performing high-temperature sterilization treatment;
adding water into the mixed fermentation culture medium to make the water content reach 55 wt%; adding the ganoderma lucidum fungus seed liquid according to the inoculation amount of 1% for fermentation; in the fermentation process, applying periodic pulsating air with the pressure ranging from 0.05 to 0.25MPa, wherein the maximum value is 0.25MPa, and the minimum value is 0.05 MPa; the fluctuation frequency is 20min per time; the temperature range of the fermentation process is 20-30 ℃, the fermentation time range is 25 days, and after the fermentation is finished, the fermentation product is crushed to obtain the feed additive.
Example 3
Pulverizing Ganoderma and radix astragali respectively, and mixing with Ganoderma powder, radix astragali powder, carbon source, nitrogen source, and KH2PO4、MgSO4According to the weight ratio of 18: 80: 5: 2: 7: 3, mixing to obtain a mixed fermentation medium, and then performing high-temperature sterilization treatment;
adding water into the mixed fermentation culture medium to make the water content reach 52 wt%; adding the ganoderma lucidum fungus seed liquid according to the inoculation amount of 1% for fermentation; in the fermentation process, applying periodic pulsating air with the pressure ranging from 0.05 to 0.25MPa, wherein the maximum value is 0.25MPa, and the minimum value is 0.05 MPa; the fluctuation frequency is 15 min/time; the temperature range of the fermentation process is 20-30 ℃, the fermentation time range is 20 days, and after the fermentation is finished, the fermentation product is crushed to obtain the feed additive.
As can be seen from the above table, the bi-directional fermentation method using the pressure pulsation technique of the present invention can effectively increase the content of active ingredients in the fermentation product.
Application example
Adding 2% of the feed additive prepared in the above embodiment into conventional fish meal, pulverizing, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, mixing, making into settleable pellet feed with diameter of about 2mm with single screw extruder, air drying, and standing at-20 deg.C.
Taking 120 robust grass carps (average weight of 235.4 +/-8.2 g) and distributing the grass carps into 4 net cages at random and average distribution, wherein 30 grass carps in each cage are distributed in a proportion of 07: 00. 11: 00. 18: 00 feeding 1 time each time, the daily feeding amount is 4-6% of the fish weight, the aquaculture water body is oxygenated during the culture period, the dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 5mg/L, the pH is controlled to be 7.5-8, the water is changed once every 5 days, and the water change amount is about 1/3 of the total water amount.
After 20 days of feeding, 6 tails of the feed are taken out of each box, after rapid anesthesia, spleens are dissected and taken out for activity determination of lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase. The lysozyme activity is measured by a turbidimetric method, the change of an absorbance (OD) is measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at room temperature of 22 ℃ for 1-5min, and the OD value is reduced by 0.001 per minute to be 1 activity unit (U); the activity of the alkaline phosphatase is measured by a colorimetric method, and the OD increase rate under the wavelength of 405nm is measured.
The results of the measurement were as follows:
as can be seen from the table above, the solid state fermentation of the astragalus and the ganoderma lucidum is successfully carried out by utilizing the pressure pulsation technology, and the fermentation product can be used as an additive for aquaculture, so that the immunity of aquatic products can be remarkably improved, and the use of antibiotics can be saved.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a feed additive by ganoderma-astragalus bidirectional fermentation based on a pressure pulsation technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, providing a ganoderma lucidum fungus seed solution;
step 2, respectively crushing the lucid ganoderma and the astragalus, and mixing the lucid ganoderma powder, the astragalus powder, the carbon source, the nitrogen source and the KH2PO4、MgSO4According to the weight ratio of 15-20: 70-90: 4-5: 1-2: 6-10: 2-5, obtaining a mixed fermentation medium;
step 3, adding water into the mixed fermentation medium to enable the water content to reach 50-55 wt%; adding the ganoderma lucidum fungus seed liquid according to the inoculation amount of 1% for fermentation; in the fermentation process, periodic pulsating air is applied, and after the fermentation is finished, the fermentation product is crushed to obtain the feed additive.
2. The method for preparing a feed additive through bidirectional fermentation of ganoderma-astragalus membranaceus based on pressure pulsation technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in one embodiment, in step 1, the ganoderma fungus seed solution is obtained by inoculating a ganoderma fungus slant strain into a liquid seed culture medium and culturing; in one embodiment, the liquid seed culture medium comprises a liquid seed culture medium: 1.5% of bean flour, 4% of glucose, 0.3% of yeast extract, 0.4% of peptone and MgSO 240.07%、KH2PO40.2%。
3. The method for preparing a feed additive through bidirectional fermentation of ganoderma lucidum-astragalus membranaceus based on the pressure pulsation technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in one embodiment, the mixed fermentation medium obtained in step 2 is subjected to a sterilization treatment.
4. The method for preparing a feed additive through bidirectional ganoderma-astragalus membranaceus fermentation based on the pressure pulsation technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, the fermentation process temperature ranges from 20 ℃ to 35 ℃, and the fermentation time ranges from 15 days to 25 days; in one embodiment, in step 3, the pulsating air pressure fluctuates periodically within the range of 0.05 to 0.25MPa, with a maximum value of 0.25MPa and a minimum value of 0.05 MPa; the fluctuation frequency is 10-20min per time.
5. The method for preparing feed additive by ganoderma-astragalus bidirectional fermentation based on pressure pulsation technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in one embodiment, the fermentation device adopted in the fermentation process in the step 3 comprises an air pretreatment unit (1) and a solid state fermentation tank (16); the air pretreatment unit (1) is connected with a compressed air inlet (2) and a water adding port (3), an atomizer (4) is further installed inside the air pretreatment unit (1), and the atomizer (4) is connected with the water adding port (3); a heat exchanger (5) for heating air is also arranged in the air pretreatment unit (1); the inside of solid state fermentation jar (16) is equipped with flat porous ceramic (8) that the polylith level was placed, the inside of flat porous ceramic (8) still is equipped with inside passage (9), air preprocessing unit (1) is connected in inside passage (9) through millipore filtration membrane (6), top at solid state fermentation jar (16) still is equipped with air filter unit (10), hollow fiber membrane silk (11) are filled in air filter unit (10), the outside of hollow fiber membrane silk (11) is linked together with the inside of solid state fermentation jar (16), outside at solid state fermentation jar (16) still is equipped with pressure controller (12), the inside and the pressure controller (12) of hollow fiber membrane silk (11) are connected.
6. The method for preparing feed additive by ganoderma-astragalus bidirectional fermentation based on pressure pulsation technology according to claim 1, wherein in one embodiment, the internal channels (9) of the flat plate type porous ceramic (8) are all connected with the collecting pipe (7), and the permeation side of the microporous filter membrane (6) is connected with the collecting pipe (7); in one embodiment, the cross-section of the air filter unit (10) is rectangular; in one embodiment, the process of fermentative fermentation comprises the following steps: air and water are respectively added into the air pretreatment unit (1) from a compressed air inlet (2) and a water adding port (3), the water is atomized by an atomizer (4), and the temperature of the air is increased by a heat exchanger (5); sterilizing air by a microporous filter membrane (6), pressing the air into a solid-state fermentation tank (16), and accumulating a mixed fermentation medium on the surface of a flat plate type porous ceramic (8); periodically exhausting air in the solid-state fermentation tank (16) through a pressure controller (12) and regulating and controlling the internal pressure; suspended substances in the air are filtered out by an air filtering unit (10) and are settled on the flat-plate type porous ceramic (8).
7. The method for preparing a feed additive by ganoderma-astragalus bidirectional fermentation based on pressure pulsation technique according to claim 1, wherein in one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of performing damage detection on the air filtering unit (10), comprising:
step S1, dividing the cross section of the air filter unit (10) into grids according to the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction;
step S2, on the side of the air filter unit (10) connected with the pressure controller (12), using a sealing rubber strip (13) to press and seal one of the transverse or longitudinal grid belts;
step S3, applying air pressure to the outside of the air filtering unit (10) and measuring the gas flow rate flowing out from the pore channel in the hollow fiber membrane yarn (11);
step S4, removing the sealing rubber strip (13), traversing other transverse or longitudinal grid belts in sequence, and executing steps S2-S3; obtaining a gas flow data set X (L) when each group of transverse grid belts are pressed and sealedx1、Lx2、……、Lxm) Obtaining a gas flow data set Y (L) when each group of longitudinal grid belts are pressed and sealedy1、Ly2、……、Lyn) (ii) a Wherein m is the position number of the mesh belt in the transverse direction, and n is the position number of the mesh belt in the longitudinal direction;
step S5, counting all the obtained gas flow data sets, finding out the number A of the mesh strip in the data set X, the flow of which is obviously smaller than other flow values in the data set X, and finding out the number B of the mesh strip in the data set Y, the flow of which is obviously smaller than other flow values in the data set Y; it is determined that there is a break in the hollow fiber membrane filaments at the position coordinate (A, B) in the lattice.
8. The method for preparing feed additive by ganoderma-astragalus bidirectional fermentation based on pressure pulsation technique according to claim 7, wherein in one embodiment, all the hollow fiber membrane filaments (12) positioned at (A, B) in the grid are sealed with the plugging gel (14) on the cross section in the air filtering unit (10).
9. Use of the feed additive obtained directly from the process of claim 1 for the preparation of an aquaculture feed.
10. The use of claim 9, wherein said aquaculture is shrimp, crab, or fish farming; the feed additive is added in an amount of 1-5 wt%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110218656A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-10 | 南京工业大学 | The two-way solid fermentation method of ganoderma lucidum-dregs of a decoction and application using air pressure pulsation |
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| CN1434113A (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2003-08-06 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Gas-phase double-dynamic solid fermentation technology and fermentation apparatus |
| CN102191276A (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2011-09-21 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Respiratory type solid-state fermentation method and fermentation tank |
| CN105193905A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2015-12-30 | 甘肃农业大学 | Traditional Chinese medicine processing technology of ganoderma-astragalus membranaceus bidirectional fermentation |
| CN110218656A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-10 | 南京工业大学 | The two-way solid fermentation method of ganoderma lucidum-dregs of a decoction and application using air pressure pulsation |
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| CN1434113A (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2003-08-06 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Gas-phase double-dynamic solid fermentation technology and fermentation apparatus |
| CN102191276A (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2011-09-21 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Respiratory type solid-state fermentation method and fermentation tank |
| CN105193905A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2015-12-30 | 甘肃农业大学 | Traditional Chinese medicine processing technology of ganoderma-astragalus membranaceus bidirectional fermentation |
| CN110218656A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-10 | 南京工业大学 | The two-way solid fermentation method of ganoderma lucidum-dregs of a decoction and application using air pressure pulsation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110218656A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-10 | 南京工业大学 | The two-way solid fermentation method of ganoderma lucidum-dregs of a decoction and application using air pressure pulsation |
| CN110218656B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2022-05-17 | 南京工业大学 | Ganoderma lucidum-herb residue bidirectional solid fermentation method utilizing air pressure pulsation and application |
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Application publication date: 20210402 |