CN112586510A - Compound composition for killing spodoptera frugiperda - Google Patents
Compound composition for killing spodoptera frugiperda Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112586510A CN112586510A CN202011471700.0A CN202011471700A CN112586510A CN 112586510 A CN112586510 A CN 112586510A CN 202011471700 A CN202011471700 A CN 202011471700A CN 112586510 A CN112586510 A CN 112586510A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- chlorfenapyr
- beauveria bassiana
- spodoptera frugiperda
- suspending agent
- beauveria
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biocides containing microbial fungi, and particularly relates to a compound composition for killing spodoptera exigua. The composition comprises beauveria bassiana and chlorfenapyr. The invention has good control effect on spodoptera frugiperda.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biocides containing microbial fungi, and particularly relates to a compound composition for killing spodoptera exigua.
Background
Spodoptera frugiperda (Spodoptera frugiperda), also known as fall armyworm, is a omnivorous pest native to tropical and subtropical regions of america, widely distributed in the continental americas, and is an important agricultural pest ("recognition and control of Spodoptera frugiperda", zuohong, plant protection, 7 th of 2019, 1 st of the left column, page 26, lines 1-3, 12/31 of 2019).
Spodoptera frugiperda has the following characteristics: the survival suitable area is wide; the moving flight speed is high, the distance is long, and the flying speed can reach 100km every night; the reproductive capacity is strong, and 900 plus 1000 eggs can be laid by 1 female moth in the lifetime; the host plant range is wide, and comprises more than 80 plants such as corn, alfalfa, rice, wheat, barley, buckwheat, cotton, millet, soybean, sorghum, millet, etc.; the difficulty of killing is high (identification and control of Spodoptera frugiperda, Zhanghong, plant protection, 7 th in 2019, lines 1-11 in section 1 in the left column of page 26, 12 and 31 days in 2019, the research on the adaptability of Spodoptera frugiperda in China, London Zhi, country science and technology, 25 th in 2019, lines 1-4 in section 3 in the left column of page 86, 12 and 31 days in 2019, the green control technology of Spodoptera frugiperda, Wangzhonglin, scientific planting and breeding, 9 th in 2019, lines 1-2 in abstract in page 37, and 31 days in 2019 and 12 and 31 months in open day).
Chemical pesticides as current emergency prevention and control measures have an important effect on pest population inhibition, but after long-term use in large quantities, the drug resistance of spodoptera frugiperda is inevitably enhanced gradually, and the prevention and control difficulty is increased. Therefore, new sustainable management strategies must be sought to mitigate or replace chemical pesticides ("Spodoptera frugiperda Green prevention and control technology research progress", Wangdongjie et al, plant protection, No. 1 of 2020, lines 1-5 of abstract on page 1, published 2020, 1 month 31).
At present, novel insecticides such as living microbial pesticides and the like are widely applied to actual agricultural production, but the existing microbial insecticides for controlling spodoptera frugiperda have poor control effects on spodoptera frugiperda in actual application.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a compounded composition for spodoptera frugiperda.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
agents for killing Spodoptera frugiperda include Beauveria bassiana and chlorfenapyr.
The spodoptera frugiperda refers to the ability of a substance to increase the mortality rate or inhibit the growth rate of insects of the species Spodoptera frugiperda, which is Insecta, Aleoptera, Spodoptera.
The inventor unexpectedly discovers that the beauveria bassiana and the chlorfenapyr have a remarkable synergistic effect on spodoptera frugiperda in the research process.
Further, the beauveria bassiana is beauveria bassiana.
Further, the beauveria bassiana is beauveria bassiana ZJU 435.
Further, the proportion relationship of the beauveria bassiana and the chlorfenapyr is 1 x 400 hundred million beauveria spores to 9 x 400 million beauveria spores: 0.1-0.9g of chlorfenapyr.
Further, the proportion relationship of the beauveria bassiana and the chlorfenapyr is 3 multiplied by 400 hundred million beauveria bassiana spores: 0.7g of chlorfenapyr.
The invention also aims to protect the pesticide composition for killing the Spodoptera frugiperda, and the active ingredients of the pesticide composition comprise beauveria bassiana and chlorfenapyr.
Further, the proportion relationship of the beauveria bassiana and the chlorfenapyr is that the proportion relationship of the beauveria bassiana and the chlorfenapyr is 1 x 400 hundred million beauveria spores-9 x 400 million beauveria spores: 0.1-0.9g of chlorfenapyr.
Further, the proportion relationship of the beauveria bassiana and the chlorfenapyr is that the proportion relationship of the beauveria bassiana and the chlorfenapyr is 3 multiplied by 400 hundred million beauveria spores: 0.7g of chlorfenapyr.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the composition has good control effect on Spodoptera frugiperda.
In the invention, the beauveria bassiana and the chlorfenapyr have a synergistic effect on spodoptera frugiperda.
The pesticide of the invention has long lasting period for Spodoptera frugiperda.
The drug pest of the invention is not easy to generate drug resistance.
Detailed Description
The examples are provided for better illustration of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the examples. Therefore, those skilled in the art should make insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the embodiments of the present invention in light of the above teachings and remain within the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
The following insects were tested by collecting Spodoptera frugiperda larvae in corn fields in Jiangcheng province of Yunnan province in 6 months in 2019, and feeding the larvae with artificial feed in a laboratory to expand the population. The breeding temperature is 26 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-70%, and the photoperiod is 16L: 8D.
The following 100 hundred million spores/ml beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent is produced by Chongqing Juxin bioengineering Co., Ltd (the spore rate is 97.6%).
The following chlorfenapyr suspending agents were produced by basf gmbh, germany.
Example 1
100 hundred million spores/ml beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent is diluted by 500 times, and the concentration is prepared to be 2 multiplied by 107Spores/ml. And (5) standby.
Example 2
Respectively diluting 100 hundred million spores/ml beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent by 500 times and 10% chlorfenapyr suspending agent by 1000 times; and mixing the beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent diluent and the chlorfenapyr suspending agent diluent according to the volume ratio of 9: 1, mixing for standby.
Example 3
Respectively diluting 100 hundred million spores/ml beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent by 500 times and 10% chlorfenapyr suspending agent by 1000 times; and mixing the beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent diluent and the chlorfenapyr suspending agent diluent according to the volume ratio of 8: 2, mixing for standby.
Example 4
Respectively diluting 100 hundred million spores/ml beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent by 500 times and 10% chlorfenapyr suspending agent by 1000 times; and mixing the beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent diluent and the chlorfenapyr suspending agent diluent according to the volume ratio of 7: 3, mixing for later use.
Example 5
Respectively diluting 100 hundred million spores/ml beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent by 500 times and 10% chlorfenapyr suspending agent by 1000 times; and mixing the beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent diluent and the chlorfenapyr suspending agent diluent according to the volume ratio of 6: 4, mixing for standby.
Example 6
Respectively diluting 100 hundred million spores/ml beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent by 500 times and 10% chlorfenapyr suspending agent by 1000 times; and mixing the beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent diluent and the chlorfenapyr suspending agent diluent according to the volume ratio of 5: 5, mixing for standby.
Example 7
Respectively diluting 100 hundred million spores/ml beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent by 500 times and 10% chlorfenapyr suspending agent by 1000 times; and mixing the beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent diluent and the chlorfenapyr suspending agent diluent according to the volume ratio of 4: 6, mixing for standby.
Example 8
Respectively diluting 100 hundred million spores/ml beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent by 500 times and 10% chlorfenapyr suspending agent by 1000 times; and mixing the beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent diluent and the chlorfenapyr suspending agent diluent according to the volume ratio of 3:7, mixing for standby.
Example 9
Respectively diluting 100 hundred million spores/ml beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent by 500 times and 10% chlorfenapyr suspending agent by 1000 times; and mixing the beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent diluent and the chlorfenapyr suspending agent diluent according to the volume ratio of 2: 8, mixing for later use.
Example 10
Respectively diluting 100 hundred million spores/ml beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent by 500 times and 10% chlorfenapyr suspending agent by 1000 times; and mixing the beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent diluent and the chlorfenapyr suspending agent diluent according to the volume ratio of 1: 9, mixing for standby.
Example 11
The 10% chlorfenapyr suspension is diluted 1000 times for use.
Biocompatibility test of beauveria bassiana ZJU435 with chlorfenapyr:
the agents of examples 1-10 were tested for biocompatibility, specifically: placing the prepared sample in culture at 37 ℃ and respectively incubating for 3d and 14d, and detecting the spore germination rate;
the spore germination rate detection method comprises the following steps: coating 1/4SDAY plate with 100 uL; culturing at constant temperature (26 + -1) deg.C for 24h, scratching (0.5-1) cm × (0.5-1) cm agar block, staining with lapidamic acid cotton blue staining solution, observing the plate under an optical microscope, counting the number of germinated and ungerminated spores in visual field, and counting germinated spores with spores whose germination length is greater than the spore radius or 1/2 major axis length as germinated spores; observing the visual field (n is more than or equal to 3) for n times on each plate, observing the total number of spores to be more than 300, and calculating the germination rate [ (the number of germinated spores/the total observed spores) × 100% ]; each example was repeated 3 times, and the average value was used as the final result; significant difference analysis was performed using example 1 as a control; the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 germination Rate test results
| Preparation | Germination rate after 3d | Germination rate after 14 days |
| Example 1 | 90.2％Aa | 66.3％Aa |
| Example 2 | 89.8％Aa | 65.4％Aa |
| Example 3 | 89.7％Aa | 64.6％Aa |
| Example 4 | 90.1％Aa | 65.3％Aa |
| Example 5 | 90.9％Aa | 66.1％Aa |
| Example 6 | 90.2％Aa | 65.5％Aa |
| Example 7 | 89.6％Aa | 66.8％Aa |
| Example 8 | 89.9％Aa | 65.3％Aa |
| Example 9 | 90.9％Aa | 64.8％Aa |
| Example 10 | 90.6％Aa | 66.1％Aa |
Note: lower case differences indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level and upper case differences indicate significant differences at the 0.01 level.
As can be seen from Table 1, the germination rates of examples 2-10 were not significantly different from that of example 1 (i.e., beauveria bassiana single dose). Therefore, the Beauveria bassiana ZJU435 and the chlorfenapyr have better biocompatibility.
Indoor toxicity test:
a test insect source: spodoptera frugiperda 3-instar larvae;
the test method comprises the following steps: indoor toxicity determination is carried out on 3 rd larvae of spodoptera frugiperda by adopting spray treatment; each treatment was repeated for 3 replicates, 15 larvae per replicate;
using a Potter spray tower to directly spray the larvae with the amount of liquid medicine of 400ul per treatment; and using a clear water treatment group as an air green muscardine CQMa421 control;
after the mutual killing and pesticide spraying are prevented, the corn leaves are immediately subpackaged in a pest breeding pool with the upper caliber of 4cm, the lower caliber of 3cm and the height of 3cm, and the corn leaves without pesticide are fed to be placed in a greenhouse with the temperature of 26 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65-75 percent for breeding;regularly replacing fresh leaves every day, continuously observing for 10 days to observe the number of dead and live insects, and calculating the death rate (%) under various test concentrations; then according to the concentration logarithm-mortality probability value analysis method, solving a toxicity regression equation and lethal middle concentration LC50；
The combined virulence evaluation method comprises the following steps:
adopting a Sun Yunpei co-toxicity coefficient method:
virulence index (TI) ═ LC of standard agents50LC of test agent50)×100
Actual Toxicity Index (ATI) of mixed preparation (LC for single use of A. preparation)50LC mixed with medicament A and B50)×100
Mixture theoretical virulence index (TTI) ═ ti (a) × a + ti (b) × b
In the formula, a represents the percentage content of the medicament A in the mixture; b represents the percentage of the medicament B in the mixture.
The cotoxicity coefficient CTC is (mixed agent actual virulence index ATI/mixed agent theoretical virulence index TTI) x 100;
according to the regulation of agricultural chemical examination institute of Ministry of agriculture, the judgment standard of the synergy of the mixture formula is as follows: the co-toxicity coefficient is more than 120, so that the synergistic effect is achieved; the co-toxicity coefficient is 80-120, which is additive effect; the co-toxicity coefficient is less than 80, and the antagonism is achieved;
the above groups were treated in the same manner except for the different agents, and the test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 indoor virulence determination results
From table 2, the beauveria bassiana ZJU435 oil suspending agent is diluted by 500 times and the chlorfenapyr suspending agent is diluted by 2000 times according to the volume ratio of 9-1: 1-9, the two are compounded, the co-toxicity coefficient is more than 120, and the synergistic effect is shown; wherein, when the volume ratio of the two is 3:7, the synergistic effect is most obvious, and the co-toxicity coefficient can reach 520.3. Therefore, the beauveria bassiana ZJU435 and the chlorfenapyr have the synergistic effect on spodoptera frugiperda.
And (3) field test of corn spodoptera frugiperda:
in 7 months in 2019, the method is carried out in corn fields in Jianshan village in the Yandong county in Qianjiang area of Chongqing city, the epidemic situation of spodoptera frugiperda has been developed before the test, and the corn is in the trumpet stage;
using the combinations of examples 1-11 (treatment groups 1-11, respectively) to perform a control test of field control of Spodoptera frugiperda, and setting a blank control group (treated with clear water);
each process sets 3 repeating cells, each cell 30m2And 2 rows of corns are arranged among the cells to serve as isolation belts. Spraying conventional leaf surfaces by a hand-press sprayer, and uniformly spraying the front and back surfaces of the leaves and the bell mouth; 5mL of liquid medicine is filled into the bell mouth of each corn accurately when the liquid medicine is applied;
adopting a five-point sampling method, carrying out sampling before medicine treatment on five plants which are damaged in each treatment, and recording the insect population number of each corn plant; the population number was investigated in the same manner at 3d, 5d and 10d after application, respectively, and the control effect was calculated according to the following formula:
in the formulae, PT0 represents the result before treatment, PT1 represents the result after treatment, and CK represents the blank control group, and the results are shown in Table 3;
TABLE 3 field test results
Remarking: lower case differences indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level and upper case differences indicate significant differences at the 0.01 level.
As can be seen from Table 3, the synergistic effect is obvious after the composition is mixed and applied for 5 days according to the proportion, and the lasting effect on the corn spodoptera frugiperda is obviously superior to that of a single agent. Therefore, the pesticide provided by the invention has an excellent control effect on Spodoptera frugiperda and is long in lasting period.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A composition for killing Spodoptera frugiperda, comprising Beauveria bassiana and chlorfenapyr.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the beauveria bassiana is beauveria bassiana.
3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the beauveria bassiana is beauveria bassiana ZJU 435.
4. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mixture ratio of beauveria bassiana and chlorfenapyr is 1 x 400 million beauveria spores to 9 x 400 million beauveria spores: 0.1-0.9g of chlorfenapyr.
5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the mixture ratio of beauveria bassiana to chlorfenapyr is 3 x 400 hundred million beauveria spores: 0.7g of chlorfenapyr.
6. The agent for killing Spodoptera frugiperda is characterized in that the active ingredients comprise Beauveria bassiana and chlorfenapyr.
7. The medicament of claim 6, wherein the beauveria bassiana and the chlorfenapyr are in a ratio of 1 x 400 million beauveria spores to 9 x 400 million beauveria spores: 0.1-0.9g of chlorfenapyr.
8. The medicament of claim 7, wherein the beauveria bassiana and the chlorfenapyr are in a ratio of 3 x 400 hundred million beauveria spores: 0.7g of chlorfenapyr.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011471700.0A CN112586510A (en) | 2020-12-14 | 2020-12-14 | Compound composition for killing spodoptera frugiperda |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011471700.0A CN112586510A (en) | 2020-12-14 | 2020-12-14 | Compound composition for killing spodoptera frugiperda |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112586510A true CN112586510A (en) | 2021-04-02 |
Family
ID=75195643
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011471700.0A Pending CN112586510A (en) | 2020-12-14 | 2020-12-14 | Compound composition for killing spodoptera frugiperda |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112586510A (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104542079A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-29 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Method for processing drug-containing slow-release material and preventing and treating vegetable diseases and insect pests |
| CN105494444A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-04-20 | 浙江新安化工集团股份有限公司 | Insecticidal composition capable of high-precisely and efficiently controlling homoptera pests and applications thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-12-14 CN CN202011471700.0A patent/CN112586510A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104542079A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-29 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Method for processing drug-containing slow-release material and preventing and treating vegetable diseases and insect pests |
| CN105494444A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-04-20 | 浙江新安化工集团股份有限公司 | Insecticidal composition capable of high-precisely and efficiently controlling homoptera pests and applications thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 佚名: "真菌农药再添猛将，球孢白僵菌ZJU435强势登场", 《HTTP://WWW.SOHU.COM/A/401348961_100204915》 * |
| 李春香: "常用农药与球孢白僵菌复配对甜菜夜蛾的毒力研究", 《华北农学报》 * |
| 李春香: "常用农药与球孢白僵菌复配对甜菜夜蛾的毒力研究", 《安徽农业科学》 * |
| 顾丽嫱: "九种化学药剂与球孢白僵菌相容性的研究", 《唐山师范学院学报》 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN112219854B (en) | Synergistic and decrement biological-chemical sterilization composition and preparation and application thereof | |
| WO2018012815A1 (en) | Composition for promoting growth of plants by using bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and use thereof | |
| CN110604137A (en) | Metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana compound Spodoptera frugiperda killing composition | |
| CN112586510A (en) | Compound composition for killing spodoptera frugiperda | |
| CN112913844B (en) | Sterilization composition for preventing and treating powdery mildew | |
| CN112056327A (en) | Metarhizium anisopliae and chlorfenapyr compound pesticide for killing spodoptera frugiperda | |
| CN114451420A (en) | Bactericidal composition for preventing and treating root rot | |
| CN108849985B (en) | Ternary compound biological agent and application thereof in prevention and treatment of ginger bacterial wilt | |
| CN112400903A (en) | Beauveria bassiana and cyenopyrafen compound insecticidal composition | |
| CN112120045A (en) | Agent for killing tea lesser leafhopper | |
| CN111466414A (en) | Medicament for killing black cutworm | |
| CN111848295A (en) | Bactericidal composition containing potassium phosphite and application thereof | |
| CN113826635B (en) | Synergistic bactericide and application thereof | |
| CN109699683A (en) | A kind of talcum matrix Java cordyceps sinensis spore preparation | |
| CN108041057B (en) | Compound composition for preventing and treating fruit tree diseases and application thereof | |
| CN113767906B (en) | Sterilization composition for preventing and treating muskmelon bacterial angular leaf spot bacteria | |
| CN115119840B (en) | Plant growth regulator composition for regulating grape coloration | |
| CN113349210B (en) | Natural biological herbicide and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110140725B (en) | Pesticide composition | |
| CN116210723A (en) | Biological pesticide composition for killing bactrocera dorsalis and test method thereof | |
| CN110100826B (en) | Compound composition for preventing and treating pests of cruciferous vegetables | |
| CN107969438B (en) | Wettable powder containing trichoderma harzianum T-22 and copper ammine, and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN116649375A (en) | Green planting method of organic rice | |
| CN115885998A (en) | Application of bactericidal composition containing mandipropamid and fluopicolide in preventing and treating phytophthora diseases | |
| CN116508763A (en) | Prevention and control method for preventing and controlling potato epidemic disease by mixed composition |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20210402 |