CN116649375A - Green planting method of organic rice - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a green planting method of organic rice. The microbial agent is prepared by mixing pythium oligandrum and lentinan or berberine, wherein the pythium oligandrum is 100 megaspore/gram of pythium oligandrum wettable powder; the lentinan is 2% lentinan aqua; the berberine is 0.5% berberine aqua. The microbial agent mixed by the oligandrum mould and the lentinan or the berberine is sprayed in the planting process of the organic rice, so that the control effect on fungal diseases such as rice sheath blight, rice blast, gray mold and the like can be improved, the microbial agent is environment-friendly, the normal production of the organic rice is facilitated, and the yield of the organic rice is improved.

Description

Green planting method of organic rice

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of pesticides, and particularly relates to a green planting method of organic rice.

Background

Rice is one of the most important grain crops in China, and the cultivation area of the rice accounts for about 30% of the total grain cultivation area in China. Rice is damaged by plant diseases and insect pests in the planting process, and rice sheath blight disease caused by rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani) is one of three diseases of rice. The rice sheath blight is also called moire disease, the disease period can span from seedling stage to spike stage, the disease period is the disease period before and after spike stage, and leaf sheath and leaf blade are mainly damaged. The sheath blight germ can be spread in the field by means of field irrigation water, the occurrence part is hidden, when one rice plant is ill, other rice plants in the field can be infected quickly, the growth and the development of the rice plants and the yield of the rice plants are seriously threatened, and great economic loss is caused to agriculture.

Chemical control is a main measure for controlling rice sheath blight at present, but because one or the same type of medicament is used for a long time, the medicament resistance is easy to generate, so that the control effect of the traditional various medicaments on the rice sheath blight is reduced year by year, and the problems of environmental pollution, pesticide residues and the like exist in the process of controlling the rice sheath blight by using the chemical medicaments. Therefore, a comprehensive and effective control strategy needs to be formulated, the generation of disease drug resistance is delayed, and a novel medicament needs to be developed.

The oligandrum mould is an important biocontrol microbial agent and has the characteristics of broad spectrum, high efficiency, no toxicity and the like. Research shows that the oliganandrostatin secreted by the Pythium oligandrum and the small molecular antibacterial substance can inhibit the growth and reproduction of plant pathogenic fungi.

The lentinan is an effective active ingredient extracted from oil and fat lentinus edodes fruiting body, is a main effective ingredient of lentinus edodes, and is a host immunopotentiator. Clinical and pharmacological studies show that lentinan has antiviral, antitumor, immunity regulating and interferon formation stimulating effects. In addition, research shows that lentinan has prevention and treatment effects on crop mycosis diseases. The application number CN201210280700.1 discloses that the prochloraz and lentinan can be applied to controlling cereal, melon and fruit or vegetable crop diseases when being compounded, has higher synergistic effect, and overcomes and delays the drug resistance of germs. In addition, application number CN2013107230584 also discloses that the lentinan and fludioxonil are compounded, so that not only can the seedling diseases of various crops such as cotton, wheat and the like be prevented and treated, but also the crop yield can be obviously improved.

Berberine is a common isoquinoline alkaloid, and is mainly used in the field of medicine. Research shows that berberine has preventing and treating effect on crop fungal diseases, application number CN201510529944.2, and the new use of berberine as agricultural bactericide is disclosed. In addition, application number CN201810337052.6 discloses that the berberine and bixafen compound has synergistic effect on diseases such as cucumber downy mildew and rice sheath blight, and the like, the prevention effect is higher than that of a single dose, and the dosage is small. Secondly, application number CN201810337248.5 discloses that berberine and benthiavalicarb-isopropyl compound have remarkable synergism on crop diseases such as wheat powdery mildew, grape downy mildew and the like.

The method for preparing the pesticide by combining the active ingredients of different pesticides is an effective and quick way for developing and developing new pesticides and comprehensively and effectively preventing and treating diseases at present. Therefore, in the organic or inorganic rice planting process, the use of compound or mixed medicines for preventing and treating fungal diseases such as rice sheath blight is an effective method. At present, no report on the compounding of the oligandrum mould and the lentinan or the berberine is found.

The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a green planting method of organic rice, which is characterized in that a microbial agent mixed by the oligandrum mould and lentinan or berberine is sprayed in the planting process, so that the control effect on fungal diseases such as rice sheath blight, rice blast, gray mold and the like can be improved, the microbial agent is green and environment-friendly, the normal production of the organic rice is facilitated, and the yield of the organic rice is improved.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the microbial agent is prepared by mixing pythium oligandrum and lentinan or berberine, wherein the pythium oligandrum is 100 megaspore/gram of pythium oligandrum wettable powder; the lentinan is 2% lentinan aqua; the berberine is 0.5% berberine aqua.

Further, the mass ratio of the humic acid oligospermia to the lentinan is 1-16:5-1.

Further, the mass ratio of the humic acid oligose to the berberine is 1-8:10-1.

The invention also provides application of the microbial agent in preventing and controlling rice sheath blight, rice blast or gray mold.

The invention also provides a green planting method of the organic rice, which comprises the following steps:

s1, land preparation: selecting land plots with flat land features and fertile soil, removing weeds and broken stone particles on the land plots, mechanically deep ploughing for 20-25cm, and simultaneously broadcasting and applying 450-500 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure;

s2, selecting seeds and raising seedlings: selecting full, low-temperature-resistant, pest-resistant and lodging-resistant rice seeds, soaking the rice seeds in warm water at 10-45 ℃ for 20-25min, drying the rice seeds in hot air at 40-45 ℃ and sowing the rice seeds on a seedling raising bed for raising rice seedlings to obtain rice seedlings;

s3, transplanting: selecting rice seedlings with the height of 8-10cm, transplanting the rice seedlings into a field;

s4, field management: performing water and fertilizer management, plant diseases and insect pests management and weeding management before transplanting rice seedlings to harvesting; in pest management, when a rice plant is compromised by sheath blight, pyricularia oryzae or gray mold bacteria, the microbial inoculant of any one of claims 1-3 is sprayed.

Further, clean water is used for dilution when the microbial agent is sprayed.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The microbial agent is prepared by mixing the humic acid and lentinan or berberine, and the mixed microbial agent has synergistic effect on various fungal diseases such as rice sheath blight, rice blast, gray mold and the like in the rice planting production process, so that the control effect can be improved, and the application dosage of the microbial agent is reduced; meanwhile, the generation of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria can be delayed. In addition, the microbial agent disclosed by the invention does not contain chemical components, is environment-friendly, and can be used for organic or inorganic planting of rice.

(2) The microbial agent mixed by the oligandrum mould and the lentinan or the berberine is sprayed in the planting process of the organic rice, so that the control effect on fungal diseases such as rice sheath blight, rice blast, gray mold and the like can be improved, the microbial agent is environment-friendly, the normal production of the organic rice is facilitated, and the yield of the organic rice is improved.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be apparent from, and is intended to provide a thorough description of, the embodiments of the present invention, and not a complete description of, the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1: indoor biological activity determination of mixed pythium oligandrum

1. Test target

The Rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani) is collected in the rice planting area of the southern Ning city of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, separated and identified in a laboratory and stored on a PDA culture medium.

2. Test agent:

100 megaspore/gram of the wettable powder of the pythium oligandrum (registration number: PD 20131756), 2% of lentinan aqueous solution (registration number: PD 20132500) and 0.5% of berberine aqueous solution (registration number: PD 20151304).

3. Test method (refer to NY/T1156.2-2006, section 2 of pesticide laboratory bioassay test criteria section 2. Test Petri dish method for inhibiting growth of pathogenic fungi hyphae)

3.1 preparation of medicament: the test agent is provided with a plurality of groups of proportions, each single agent and the proportion mixture are diluted into 5 mass concentration gradients by a 0.1% Tween-80 aqueous solution according to an equal proportion method, and each proportion mixture is ready for use.

3.2 agent treatment: under aseptic condition, adding pre-melted sterilized culture medium into aseptic conical flask, sequentially quantitatively sucking 5mL of liquid medicine from low concentration to high concentration, respectively adding into conical flask filled with 45mL of culture medium, shaking thoroughly, pouring into 5 culture dishes with diameter of 9cm to obtain corresponding concentration of medicine-containing flat plate, and setting treatment containing only 0.1% Tween-80 aqueous solution as blank control, wherein each treatment is repeated for 4 times.

3.3 target vaccination: under aseptic condition, a sterilizing puncher with diameter of 5mm is used to cut out bacterial cake from the edge of the cultured pathogenic bacteria colony, the bacterial cake is inoculated in the center of a drug-containing flat plate by an inoculator, the mycelium surface faces upwards, a dish cover is covered, and the bacterial cake is placed in a constant temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for culture.

4 investigation and calculation

When the diameter of the blank control colony grows to about 70% of the diameter of the culture dish, the diameter of the colony is measured by a caliper, and the diameter of each colony is measured vertically by a crisscross method once, and the average value is obtained. Then, the hypha growth inhibition (%) of each treatment concentration against the target bacteria to be tested was calculated.

Colony growth diameter = colony diameter-cake diameter

5. Data analysis

Regression analysis is carried out on the concentration log values of each medicament and the corresponding hypha growth inhibition rate log values by adopting DPS software to obtain a virulence regression equation and virulence EC of the medicament on target bacteria ₅₀ The value was calculated as co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) according to grand cloud Pei method.

6. Evaluation of drug efficacy

The synergy of the agents was evaluated based on the calculated co-toxicity coefficient (CTC), CTC.ltoreq.80 being antagonism, CTC.ltoreq.120 being additive, CTC.ltoreq.120 being synergy, the results being shown in tables 1-2.

TABLE 1 determination of indoor biological Activity of Proteus oligandrum and lentinan Mixed to Rhizoctonia solani

As shown in Table 1, after 100 megaspore/gram of the wettable powder of the pythium oligandrum and 2% of the lentinan aqueous solution are mixed, the mass ratio is 1-16: the co-toxicity coefficient of the rhizoctonia solani to the rice sheath blight bacteria in the range of 5-1 is more than 120, and the synergistic effect is shown.

TABLE 2 determination of indoor biological Activity of Proteus oligandrum and berberine Mixed to Rhizoctonia solani

As shown in Table 2, after 100 megaspore/gram of the wettable powder of the pythium oligandrum and 0.5% of berberine aqueous agent are mixed, the mass ratio is 1-8: the co-toxicity coefficient of the rhizoctonia solani on the rice in the range of 10-1 is more than 120, and the synergistic effect is shown.

From the above, the microbial agent prepared by mixing the oligandrum mould and the lentinan or the berberine has a synergistic effect on the sheath blight of rice, can improve the control effect on the sheath blight of rice and reduce the application dosage of the microbial agent; meanwhile, the generation of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria can be delayed.

Example 2

A green planting method of organic rice comprises the following steps:

s1, land preparation: selecting land plots with flat land patterns and fertile soil, removing weeds and broken stone particles on the surfaces of the land plots, mechanically deep ploughing for 20cm, and simultaneously broadcasting and decomposing 450 kg/mu of farmyard manure;

s2, selecting seeds and raising seedlings: selecting full, low-temperature-resistant, pest-resistant and lodging-resistant rice seeds, soaking the rice seeds in warm water at 10-45 ℃ for 25min, drying the rice seeds in hot air at 45 ℃ and sowing the rice seeds on a seedling raising bed for raising seedlings to obtain rice seedlings;

s3, transplanting: selecting rice seedlings with the height of 10cm, transplanting the rice seedlings into a field;

s4, field management: performing water and fertilizer management, plant diseases and insect pests management and weeding management before transplanting rice seedlings to harvesting; in the pest and disease control, when the rice plants are endangered by rhizoctonia solani, rice blast bacteria or gray mold bacteria, a microbial agent is sprayed; the microbial agent is prepared from 100 megaspore/gram of wettable powder of the pythium oligandrum and 2% of lentinan aqua according to the proportion of 1:5, and mixing the materials according to the mass ratio. When the microbial agent is sprayed, a proper amount of clear water is used for dilution.

Example 3

A green planting method of organic rice comprises the following steps:

s1, land preparation: selecting a land block with flat land and fertile soil, removing weeds and broken stone particles on the surface of the land block, mechanically deep ploughing for 25cm, and simultaneously broadcasting 500 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure;

s2, selecting seeds and raising seedlings: selecting full, low-temperature-resistant, pest-resistant and lodging-resistant rice seeds, soaking the rice seeds in warm water at 10-45 ℃ for 20min, drying the rice seeds in hot air at 45 ℃ and sowing the rice seeds on a seedling raising bed for raising seedlings to obtain rice seedlings;

s3, transplanting: selecting rice seedlings with the height of 10cm, transplanting the rice seedlings into a field;

s4, field management: performing water and fertilizer management, plant diseases and insect pests management and weeding management before transplanting rice seedlings to harvesting; in the pest and disease control, when the rice plants are endangered by rhizoctonia solani, rice blast bacteria or gray mold bacteria, a microbial agent is sprayed; the microbial agent is prepared from 100 megaspore/gram of humicola oligandrum wettable powder and 0.5% of berberine water according to the proportion of 5:1 by mass ratio. When the microbial agent is sprayed, a proper amount of clear water is used for dilution.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. The microbial agent is characterized by being prepared by mixing pythium oligandrum and lentinan or berberine, wherein the pythium oligandrum is 100 megaspore/gram of pythium oligandrum wettable powder; the lentinan is 2% lentinan aqua; the berberine is 0.5% berberine aqua.

2. The microbial agent according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the pythium oligandrum to the lentinan is 1-16:5-1.

3. The microbial agent according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the pythium oligandrum to the berberine is 1-8:10-1.

4. Use of the microbial agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for controlling rice sheath blight, rice blast or gray mold.

5. The green planting method of the organic rice is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1, land preparation: selecting land plots with flat land features and fertile soil, removing weeds and broken stone particles on the land plots, mechanically deep ploughing for 20-25cm, and simultaneously broadcasting and applying 450-500 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure;

s2, selecting seeds and raising seedlings: selecting full, low-temperature-resistant, pest-resistant and lodging-resistant rice seeds, soaking the rice seeds in warm water at 10-45 ℃ for 20-25min, drying the rice seeds in hot air at 40-45 ℃ and sowing the rice seeds on a seedling raising bed for raising rice seedlings to obtain rice seedlings;

s3, transplanting: selecting rice seedlings with the height of 8-10cm, transplanting the rice seedlings into a field;

s4, field management: performing water and fertilizer management, plant diseases and insect pests management and weeding management before transplanting rice seedlings to harvesting; in pest management, when a rice plant is compromised by sheath blight, pyricularia oryzae or gray mold bacteria, the microbial inoculant of any one of claims 1-3 is sprayed.

6. The method for green planting organic rice according to claim 5, wherein the microbial agent is diluted with clean water when being sprayed.