CN112574033B - 1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮的合成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于天然药物合成领域,首次公开了一种以3‑甲基水杨酸和对二甲苯为原料,先将3‑甲基水杨酸用乙酰氯酰化制得3‑甲基乙酰水杨酸,再以醋酸钯为催化剂,过硫酸钠为氧化剂,N‑乙酰‑L‑异亮氨酸、二甲基亚砜和三氟甲磺酸为络合剂,将3‑甲基乙酰水杨酸与对二甲苯反应合成1‑羟基‑2,5,8‑三甲基‑9‑芴酮的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然药物合成领域,尤其涉及1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮的合成方法。
背景技术
天然芴酮类化合物主要来源于石斛、竹叶兰、马齿苋、雷公藤等植物中,具有抗肿瘤,抗病毒,抗氧化、抗菌,抗炎等多种生物活性。1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮为雷公藤中首次发现的天然芴酮类化合物(1-hydroxy-2,5,8-trimethyl-9-fluorenonefromTripterygium wilfordii[J]. Phytochemistry, 1994, 36(2): 477-479.),我们研究发现雷公藤红素加热分解可产生1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮,该化合物具有明显的抗炎活性,同时表明其毒性比雷公藤红素毒性小,值得深入研究(中国专利CN201710436274.9)。但是1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮在雷公藤中的含量非常低,从雷公藤中分离纯化、大规模制备该化合物非常困难而且成本很高。为解决天然1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮来源困难问题,为其进一步开发研究奠定基础。本发明首次公开了一种以廉价易得的3-甲基水杨酸和对二甲苯为原料,先将3-甲基水杨酸用乙酰氯酰化制得3-甲基乙酰水杨酸,再以醋酸钯为催化剂,过硫酸钠为氧化剂,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸、二甲基亚砜和三氟甲磺酸为络合剂,将3-甲基乙酰水杨酸与对二甲苯反应合成1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮的方法。该合成方法操作方便、收率较高、成本低廉、适合1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮的大规模制备。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种操作方便、收率较高、成本低廉、适合大规模制备的1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮(结构见式Ⅰ)合成方法。
式Ⅰ:1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮结构。
本发明通过以下合成步骤来实现:
(1)3-甲基乙酰水杨酸的制备:以二氯甲烷为溶剂,三乙胺和4-二甲氨基吡啶为缚酸剂,将3-甲基水杨酸与乙酰氯反应,制得3-甲基乙酰水杨酸。
(2)1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮的制备:以醋酸钯为催化剂,过硫酸钠为氧化剂,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸、二甲基亚砜和三氟甲磺酸为络合剂,将3-甲基乙酰水杨酸与对二甲苯反应,制得1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮。
反应方程式见式Ⅱ。
式Ⅱ:反应方程式。
我们对比研究发现(见比较例1—4),同样条件下,以醋酸钯为催化剂,过硫酸钠为氧化剂,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸、二甲基亚砜和三氟甲磺酸为络合剂,直接将3-甲基水杨酸与对二甲苯反应,得不到目标化合物1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮,这表明对于该反应,3-甲基水杨酸的乙酰化是必需的。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但应理解本发明的范围非仅限于这些实施例的范围。
实施例1:
3-甲基乙酰水杨酸的制备:于装有恒压滴液漏斗、冷凝管、温度计的250 ml三口烧瓶中加入3-甲基水杨酸11.0 g和二氯甲烷120 ml,充分搅拌溶解后缓缓加入乙酰氯6.2ml,控制反应液温度为20℃左右。于恒压滴液漏斗加入二氯甲烷10 ml、三乙胺12 ml和4-二甲氨基吡啶0.55g,配成混合液,随后缓缓滴加混合液,约15 分钟滴完。滴加完毕后加热至回流(40℃左右),回流1.5小时后结束反应。待反应液自然冷却至室温后将其倒入分液漏斗中,加入等体积的7%稀盐酸洗涤3次,再加蒸馏水洗涤3次,将有机相溶液用无水硫酸钠脱水后,减压蒸干,用乙酸乙酯溶解制成热饱和溶液,冷却析出3-甲基乙酰水杨酸11.9 g,经HPLC检测纯度99.6%,产率85.0%(以3-甲基水杨酸计)。
实施例2:
于装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计的250 ml三口烧瓶中加入3-甲基乙酰水杨酸7.8g(40mmol),醋酸钯0.72g(3.2mmol),过硫酸钠28.6g,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸1.38g,对二甲苯12.7g(120mmol),二甲基亚砜5.7ml和三氟甲磺酸17.6ml,其中3-甲基乙酰水杨酸:对二甲苯:醋酸钯的摩尔比为1:3:0.08。在室温下搅拌5分钟,然后在65℃下加热12小时,冷却至室温,结束反应。过滤后,滤液经硅胶柱色谱法纯化得1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮4.1g,经HPLC检测纯度99.7%,产率43.2%(以3-甲基乙酰水杨酸计)。
产物1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮结构鉴定:黄色针状固体。根据HR-TOF-MS中的准分子离子峰m/z[M+H]+239.1056(计算值:m/z239.1067),可确定其分子式C16H14O2,由分子式算出该化合物的不饱和度为10。UV图谱(MeOH)λmaxnm:254、260、358、381、424,显示了芴酮类化合物的紫外吸收特征。1H-NMR谱显示有3个甲基氢信号2.59 (3H,s),2.50 (3H,s),2.25 (3H,s),4个芳香氢信号7.18 (1H,dd,J=7.3,0.7 Hz),7.11 (1H,d,J=7.8 Hz),6.99(1H,d,J=7.3 Hz),6.93 (1H,d,J=7.8 Hz),一个活泼氢信号9.18 (1H,s,-OH)。13C-NMR 和HSQC 谱显示有16个碳信号,包括一个羰基碳信号δ198.8 ,三个甲基碳信号19.84(8-Me),17.47(5-Me),14.64(2-Me),四个芳香次甲基碳信号137.31(C-3),115.44(C-4),131.23(C-7),131.17(C-6)。综合UV、1H-NMR、13C-NMR数据、分子质量、分子不饱和度,可推断该化合物为芴酮类化合物。综合解析1H-NMR、13C-NMR、HSQC、HMBC(见式Ⅲ)谱,归属波谱数据如下:1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3) δH9.18 (1H,s,-OH),7.18 (1H,dd,J =7.3,0.7 Hz,H-3),7.11 (1H,d,J =7.8 Hz,H-7),6.99 (1H,d,J =7.3 Hz,H-4),6.93 (1H,d,J =7.8 Hz,H-6),2.59(3H,s,5-Me),2.50 (3H,s,8-Me),2.25 (3H,s,2-Me).13C NMR (151 MHz,CDCl3) δ 198.79(C-9),156.17(C-1),142.31(C-8),141.59(C-11),137.31(C-3),136.83(C-7),136.77(C-12),131.34(C-6),131.23(C-13),131.17(C-5),127.34(C-2),117.34(C-10),115.44(C-4), 19.84(8-Me),17.47(5-Me),14.64(2-Me)。以上数据与文献(1-hydroxy-2,5,8-trimethyl-9-fluorenonefromTripterygium wilfordii[J]. Phytochemistry, 1994, 36(2): 477-479.)报道的1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮波谱数据基本一致,故鉴定该产物为1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮,结构见式Ⅰ。单晶X衍射测定结构(见式Ⅳ)进一步鉴定该产物为1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮。
式Ⅲ:产物的关键HMBC谱。
式Ⅳ:单晶X衍射测定产物的结构。
实施例3:
于装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计的250 ml三口烧瓶中加入3-甲基乙酰水杨酸7.8g(40mmol),醋酸钯0.90g(4mmol),过硫酸钠28.6g,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸1.38g,对二甲苯21.2g(200mmol),二甲基亚砜5.7ml和三氟甲磺酸17.6ml,其中3-甲基乙酰水杨酸:对二甲苯:醋酸钯的摩尔比为1:5:0.1。在室温下搅拌5分钟,然后在65℃下加热18小时,冷却至室温,结束反应。过滤后,滤液经硅胶柱色谱法纯化得1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮4.2g,经HPLC检测纯度99.8%,产率44.2%(以3-甲基乙酰水杨酸计)。
实施例4:
于装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计的250 ml三口烧瓶中加入3-甲基乙酰水杨酸7.8g(40mmol),醋酸钯1.08g(4.8mmol),过硫酸钠28.6g,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸1.38g,对二甲苯17.0g(160mmol),二甲基亚砜5.7ml和三氟甲磺酸17.6ml,其中3-甲基乙酰水杨酸:对二甲苯:醋酸钯的摩尔比为1:4:0.12。在室温下搅拌5分钟,然后在65℃下加热24小时,冷却至室温,结束反应。过滤后,滤液经硅胶柱色谱法纯化得1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮0.3g,经HPLC检测纯度99.8%,产率3.2%(以3-甲基乙酰水杨酸计)。
实施例5:
于装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计的250 ml三口烧瓶中加入3-甲基乙酰水杨酸7.8g(40mmol),醋酸钯0.90g(4mmol),过硫酸钠28.6g,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸1.38g,对二甲苯17.0g(160mmol),二甲基亚砜5.7ml和三氟甲磺酸17.6ml,其中3-甲基乙酰水杨酸:对二甲苯:醋酸钯的摩尔比为1:4:0.1。在室温下搅拌5分钟,然后在80℃下加热12小时,冷却至室温,结束反应。过滤后,滤液经硅胶柱色谱法纯化得1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮8.1g,经HPLC检测纯度99.8%,产率85.3%(以3-甲基乙酰水杨酸计)。
实施例6:
于装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计的250 ml三口烧瓶中加入3-甲基乙酰水杨酸7.8g(40mmol),醋酸钯1.08g(4.8mmol),过硫酸钠28.6g,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸1.38g,对二甲苯12.7g(120mmol),二甲基亚砜5.7ml和三氟甲磺酸17.6ml,其中3-甲基乙酰水杨酸:对二甲苯:醋酸钯的摩尔比为1:3:0.12。在室温下搅拌5分钟,然后在80℃下加热18小时,冷却至室温,结束反应。过滤后,滤液经硅胶柱色谱法纯化得1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮1.4g,经HPLC检测纯度99.7%,产率14.7%(以3-甲基乙酰水杨酸计)。
实施例7:
于装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计的250 ml三口烧瓶中加入3-甲基乙酰水杨酸7.8g(40mmol),醋酸钯0.72g(3.2mmol),过硫酸钠28.6g,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸1.38g,对二甲苯21.2g(200mmol),二甲基亚砜5.7ml和三氟甲磺酸17.6ml,其中3-甲基乙酰水杨酸:对二甲苯:醋酸钯的摩尔比为1:5:0.08。在室温下搅拌5分钟,然后在80℃下加热24小时,冷却至室温,结束反应。过滤后,滤液经硅胶柱色谱法纯化得1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮0.64g,经HPLC检测纯度99.7%,产率6.7%(以3-甲基乙酰水杨酸计)。
实施例8:
于装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计的250 ml三口烧瓶中加入3-甲基乙酰水杨酸7.8g(40mmol),醋酸钯1.08g(4.8mmol),过硫酸钠28.6g,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸1.38g,对二甲苯21.2g(200mmol),二甲基亚砜5.7ml和三氟甲磺酸17.6ml,其中3-甲基乙酰水杨酸:对二甲苯:醋酸钯的摩尔比为1:5:0.12。在室温下搅拌5分钟,然后在95℃下加热12小时,冷却至室温,结束反应。过滤后,滤液经硅胶柱色谱法纯化得1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮4.6g,经HPLC检测纯度99.8%,产率48.4%(以3-甲基乙酰水杨酸计)。
实施例9:
于装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计的250 ml三口烧瓶中加入3-甲基乙酰水杨酸7.8g(40mmol),醋酸钯0.72g(3.2mmol),过硫酸钠28.6g,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸1.38g,对二甲苯17.0g(160mmol),二甲基亚砜5.7ml和三氟甲磺酸17.6ml,其中3-甲基乙酰水杨酸:对二甲苯:醋酸钯的摩尔比为1:4:0.08。在室温下搅拌5分钟,然后在95℃下加热18小时,冷却至室温,结束反应。过滤后,滤液经硅胶柱色谱法纯化得1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮1.1g,经HPLC检测纯度99.8%,产率11.6%(以3-甲基乙酰水杨酸计)。
实施例10:
于装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计的250 ml三口烧瓶中加入3-甲基乙酰水杨酸7.8g(40mmol),醋酸钯0.90g(4mmol),过硫酸钠28.6g,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸1.38g,对二甲苯12.7g(120mmol),二甲基亚砜5.7ml和三氟甲磺酸17.6ml,其中3-甲基乙酰水杨酸:对二甲苯:醋酸钯的摩尔比为1:3:0.1。在室温下搅拌5分钟,然后在95℃下加热24小时,冷却至室温,结束反应。过滤后,滤液经硅胶柱色谱法纯化得1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮0.64g,经HPLC检测纯度99.6%,产率6.7%(以3-甲基乙酰水杨酸计)。
比较例1:
于装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计的250 ml三口烧瓶中加入3-甲基水杨酸6.1g(40mmol),醋酸钯0.72g(3.2mmol),过硫酸钠28.6g,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸1.38g,对二甲苯12.7g(120mmol),二甲基亚砜5.7ml和三氟甲磺酸17.6ml,其中3-甲基乙酰水杨酸:对二甲苯:醋酸钯的摩尔比为1:3:0.08。在室温下搅拌5分钟,然后在65℃下加热12小时,冷却至室温,结束反应。过滤后,滤液经HPLC对照品检测没有1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮。
比较例2:
于装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计的250 ml三口烧瓶中加入3-甲基水杨酸6.1g(40mmol),醋酸钯0.90g(4mmol),过硫酸钠28.6g,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸1.38g,对二甲苯21.2g(200mmol),二甲基亚砜5.7ml和三氟甲磺酸17.6ml,其中3-甲基乙酰水杨酸:对二甲苯:醋酸钯的摩尔比为1:5:0.1。在室温下搅拌5分钟,然后在65℃下加热18小时,冷却至室温,结束反应。过滤后,滤液经HPLC对照品检测没有1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮。
比较例3:
于装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计的250 ml三口烧瓶中加入3-甲基水杨酸6.1g(40mmol),醋酸钯0.90g(4mmol),过硫酸钠28.6g,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸1.38g,对二甲苯17.0g(160mmol),二甲基亚砜5.7ml和三氟甲磺酸17.6ml,其中3-甲基乙酰水杨酸:对二甲苯:醋酸钯的摩尔比为1:4:0.1。在室温下搅拌5分钟,然后在80℃下加热12小时,冷却至室温,结束反应。过滤后,滤液经HPLC对照品检测没有1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮。
比较例4:
于装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计的250 ml三口烧瓶中加入3-甲基水杨酸6.1g(40mmol),醋酸钯1.08g(4.8mmol),过硫酸钠28.6g,N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸1.38g,对二甲苯21.2g(200mmol),二甲基亚砜5.7ml和三氟甲磺酸17.6ml,其中3-甲基乙酰水杨酸:对二甲苯:醋酸钯的摩尔比为1:5:0.12。在室温下搅拌5分钟,然后在95℃下加热12小时,冷却至室温,结束反应。过滤后,滤液经HPLC对照品检测没有1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮。
Claims (1)
1.1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮的合成方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)先将3-甲基水杨酸用乙酰氯酰化制得3-甲基乙酰水杨酸;
(2)再将3-甲基乙酰水杨酸、醋酸钯、过硫酸钠、N-乙酰-L-异亮氨酸、对二甲苯、二甲基亚砜和三氟甲磺酸加入三口反应瓶中,其中,3-甲基乙酰水杨酸:对二甲苯:醋酸钯的摩尔比为1:3:0.08至1:5:0.12;在室温下搅拌混匀,然后升温到65—95℃加热反应12—18小时,冷却至室温,结束反应;过滤后,滤液经硅胶柱色谱法纯化得1-羟基-2,5,8-三甲基-9-芴酮。
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