CN112568115A - Intelligent root temperature regulating and controlling system for three-dimensional hydroponic crops and implementation method thereof - Google Patents

Intelligent root temperature regulating and controlling system for three-dimensional hydroponic crops and implementation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112568115A
CN112568115A CN202011494905.0A CN202011494905A CN112568115A CN 112568115 A CN112568115 A CN 112568115A CN 202011494905 A CN202011494905 A CN 202011494905A CN 112568115 A CN112568115 A CN 112568115A
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temperature
nutrient solution
root
control system
change material
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CN112568115B (en
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吴硕
刘继展
蔡连江
姜方俊
杨彧渊
蒋仁奎
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Jiangsu University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
    • G01K1/02—Means for indicating or recording specially adapted for thermometers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/1927—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hydroponics (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种立体水培作物的根温智能调控系统及其实现方法，属于温室装备与技术领域。本发明具体为：白天时段，当温室内温度高于适宜作物生长的根部温度T1时，通过营养液精准供给系统和根部对靶供液管对栽培槽中作物根部添加营养液，同时，热源给营养液加热储存装置和相变材料加热储存装置提供热能，控制营养液加热储存装置内的营养液温度为T1；夜晚时段，当温室内温度低于T1时，控制系统将营养液加热储存装置内温度为T1的营养液通过根部对靶供液管添加到作物根部，同时，控制液态相变材料进料量依靠材料相变潜热，栽培槽内作物根部营养液的温度被维持在T1。本发明能够实现立体水培作物根温的低能耗、均匀、精准高效控制。

Figure 202011494905

The invention provides an intelligent control system for root temperature of three-dimensional hydroponic crops and a realization method thereof, belonging to the field of greenhouse equipment and technology. The invention is specifically as follows: during the daytime, when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than the root temperature T1 suitable for crop growth, the nutrient solution is added to the roots of the crops in the cultivation tank through the precise nutrient solution supply system and the root-to-target liquid supply pipe, and at the same time, the heat source Provide heat energy to the nutrient solution heating storage device and the phase change material heating storage device, and control the temperature of the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution heating storage device to be T1 ; during the night, when the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than T1, the control system will heat the nutrient solution The nutrient solution with a temperature of T1 in the storage device is added to the root of the crop through the root-to-target liquid supply pipe. At the same time, the feed amount of the liquid phase change material is controlled by the latent heat of the material phase change, and the temperature of the nutrient solution at the root of the crop in the cultivation tank is maintained at T1 . The invention can realize low energy consumption, uniform, precise and efficient control of root temperature of three-dimensional hydroponic crops.

Figure 202011494905

Description

Intelligent root temperature regulating and controlling system for three-dimensional hydroponic crops and implementation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of greenhouse equipment and technology, and particularly relates to an intelligent root temperature regulating and controlling system for three-dimensional hydroponic crops and an implementation method thereof.
Background
Hydroponics is also called nutrient solution cultivation, and refers to a facility soilless culture mode in which crop roots directly grow in nutrient solution, and the facility soilless culture mode can adjust rhizosphere environmental conditions such as nutrients, temperature and the like according to the requirements of crop growth and development, and has a good foundation for intensive, clean and intelligent production. However, the common three-dimensional water culture mode represented by an A-shaped frame has the problems of insufficient and uneven accumulated temperature of crop roots in winter, greatly reduces the accumulation of crop nutrition and dry matter, causes the taste and the like of crops to be inferior to the soil culture, and seriously influences the market benefit of water culture crops and the rapid popularization of a water culture technology.
Chinese patent (CN201110298064.0) proposes an electric three-dimensional cultivation frame, which can adjust the height of a cultivation groove to change a crop temperature sensing layer according to the temperature requirements of crops in different growth periods, but the actual effect is not ideal, and the land utilization rate of facilities is greatly reduced. A crop root temperature regulation and control system combining a drip irrigation pipe and a semiconductor heating line suitable for soil cultivation is proposed in an intelligent control system for stereoscopic strawberry cultivation in a sunlight greenhouse, but the heat preservation performance of soil cultivation is far superior to that of water cultivation in winter, so that the system is difficult to be suitable for water cultivation crops. Chinese patent (CN201620709747.9) proposes an automatic heating device for greenhouse plant root, which achieves the goal of controlling the temperature of plant root by means of temperature regulation before the supply of nutrient solution and direct heating of the substrate or culture solution in the cultivation tank by heat conduction pipe, but has high energy consumption, and can not solve the problem of uneven liquid temperature caused by the length of the cultivation tank. Aiming at the problem of high energy consumption of the automatic heating device for the root of common greenhouse crops, Chinese patent (CN110447436A) proposes a greenhouse cultivation frame based on low-temperature phase-change material heat storage and auxiliary electric heating, and low-energy consumption control of the air temperature around the crops can be realized by combining a phase-change material and a hot air circulation system. In conclusion, the existing greenhouse equipment and the existing greenhouse technology can not effectively solve the problem that the temperature of the roots of the three-dimensional water culture crops is insufficient and uneven in winter.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an intelligent root temperature regulating and controlling system for three-dimensional hydroponic crops and an implementation method thereof, which aim at production with low cost, high efficiency, uniformity and high quality and realize low energy consumption, uniformity, accuracy and high efficiency control of the root temperature of the three-dimensional hydroponic crops in the whole growth period.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
An implementation method of an intelligent root temperature regulation and control system for three-dimensional hydroponic crops comprises the following steps:
during the daytime, when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than the root temperature T suitable for the growth of crops1When the cultivation tank is used, the control system starts the nutrient solution accurate supply system to carry out accurate proportioning of the nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution is added to the roots of the crops in the cultivation tank through the root-to-target liquid supply pipe; meanwhile, the heat source provides heat energy for the nutrient solution heating and storing device and the phase-change material heating and storing device, and the control system controls the temperature of the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution heating and storing device to be the root temperature T suitable for crop growth1And obtaining the temperature T of the liquid phase-change material in the phase-change material heating and storing device2；
At night, when the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than the root temperature T suitable for the growth of crops1In time, the control system heats the nutrient solution to the temperature T in the storage device1The nutrient solution is added to the crop roots through a root-to-target liquid supply pipe; the control system obtains the total heat loss nQ of the cultivation tank in n nutrient solution replacement periods in the night time period, and opens the feeding control valve to control the feeding amount of the liquid phase-change material to be m.
Further, when the space of the temperature control layer cannot meet the requirement of the feeding amount m, the control system acquires the material in the temperature control layer in real timeThe temperature of the phase change material is lower than the root temperature T suitable for crop growth1And when the temperature control layer is in a liquid state, the solidified liquid phase-change material is removed, and the liquid phase-change material is injected into the temperature control layer again.
Further, the total heat loss amount nQ of the cultivation tank in the n nutrient solution replacement periods and the feeding amount m meet the following requirements:
nQ＝mC(T2-T1)+mH
wherein: c is the specific heat capacity of the phase change material, and H is the phase change latent heat of the phase change material.
The utility model provides a root temperature intelligent control system of three-dimensional water planting crop, includes:
the root liquid supply unit comprises a nutrient solution accurate supply system and a nutrient solution heating and storing device, and the nutrient solution accurate supply system and the nutrient solution heating and storing device are opposite to the root of the crop through a root-to-target liquid supply pipe;
the liquid temperature control unit comprises a heat insulation layer and a phase-change material heating and storing device, the heat insulation layer is positioned outside the cultivation groove, a temperature control layer is formed between the heat insulation layer and the outside of the cultivation groove, and the temperature control layer is communicated with the phase-change material heating and storing device;
and the control system is used for controlling the accurate ratio of the nutrient solution of the accurate nutrient solution supply system, the liquid temperature of the nutrient solution heating and storing device and the opening and closing of the phase-change material heating and storing device.
And a first liquid supply control valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the nutrient solution heating and storing device and the root target liquid supply pipe, and the opening and closing of the first liquid supply control valve is controlled by a control system.
And a second liquid supply control valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the nutrient solution accurate supply system and the root target liquid supply pipe, and the opening and closing of the second liquid supply control valve are controlled by the control system.
And a feeding control valve is arranged on a pipeline connected with the temperature control layer of the phase-change material heating storage device, and the opening and closing of the feeding control valve are controlled by a control system.
And a temperature sensor is arranged in the temperature control layer.
The nutrient solution heating and storing device and the phase-change material heating and storing device are provided with heat energy by a heat source.
The crop cultivation groove is arranged on the three-dimensional cultivation frame.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the invention, during the daytime, when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than the root temperature T suitable for the growth of crops1During the process, the nutrient solution is added to the root of the crop in the cultivation tank through the accurate nutrient solution supply system and the target nutrient solution supply pipe for the root, the temperature around the cultivation tank is higher, the environment with higher temperature transfers heat to the nutrient solution with lower solution temperature, so that the temperature of the nutrient solution in the cultivation tank is gradually increased to the root temperature T suitable for the growth of the crop1(ii) a Meanwhile, the temperature in the greenhouse is high, the heat source converts air energy and solar energy in the greenhouse into heat energy, the heat energy is provided for the nutrient solution heating and storing device and the phase-change material heating and storing device, and the temperature of the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution heating and storing device is controlled to be the root temperature T suitable for crop growth1(ii) a At night, when the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than the root temperature T suitable for the growth of crops1In time, the control system heats the nutrient solution to the temperature T in the storage device1The nutrient solution is added to the crop roots through a root-to-target liquid supply pipe; the control system obtains the total heat loss of the cultivation tank in n nutrient solution replacement periods in the night time period, and opens the feeding control valve to control the feeding amount of the liquid phase-change material; at night, the heat loss of the nutrient solution in the cultivation tank is fast, and the temperature of the nutrient solution provided by the nutrient solution heating and storing device is gradually lower than T1When the liquid phase-change material is injected into the temperature control layer, the liquid phase-change material can singly transmit heat energy to the nutrient solution in the cultivation tank due to the existence of the heat insulation layer, so that the temperature of the nutrient solution in the cultivation tank is raised to T1(ii) a At the same time, the liquid phase-change material gradually solidifies, its temperature drops to T1And the temperature of the nutrient solution in the cultivation tank is maintained at T by means of the latent heat of phase change of the material1. According to the invention, through the intelligent regulation and control, the optimal root temperature of the nutrient solution provided for the crops is ensured to be always maintained, the healthy growth of the crops is facilitated, the problem of insufficient and uneven root temperature accumulation in winter of the three-dimensional hydroponic crops is solved with low cost and high efficiency, and the uniform hydroponic crops are realizedHigh quality and high quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent root temperature control system for three-dimensional hydroponic crops according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid temperature control unit according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a heat source, 2 a nutrient solution heating and storing device, 3 a first liquid supply control valve, 4 a nutrient solution accurate supply system, 5 a second liquid supply control valve, 6a root target liquid supply pipe, 7 crops, 8 a material supply control valve, 9 a phase-change material heating and storing device, 10 a three-dimensional cultivation frame, 11 a control system, 12 a heat insulation layer, 13 a temperature control layer and 14 a temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. It should be noted that technical features or combinations of technical features described in the following embodiments should not be considered as being isolated, and they may be combined with each other to achieve better technical effects.
As shown in fig. 1, an intelligent root temperature control system for three-dimensional hydroponic crops comprises a three-dimensional cultivation frame 10, a root liquid supply unit, a liquid temperature control unit and a control system 11; the three-dimensional cultivation frame 10 is used for realizing the water cultivation operation of the crops 7 in the three-dimensional space in the greenhouse, and the root-to-target liquid supply pipe 6 of the root liquid supply unit and the liquid temperature control unit are both arranged on the three-dimensional cultivation frame 10.
As shown in fig. 1, the root liquid supply unit includes a nutrient liquid accurate supply system 4 (yamazu, design and implementation of a full-automatic water and fertilizer integrated system [ D ]), a nutrient liquid heating and storing device 2(CN201920090615.6, a farmland-specific water and fertilizer integrated oxygenation and heating irrigation apparatus), a plurality of root target supply pipes 6, a first liquid supply control valve 3, and a second liquid supply control valve 5; the accurate ratio of the nutrient solution of the accurate nutrient solution supply system 4, the liquid temperature control of the nutrient solution heating and storing device 2 and the opening and closing of the first liquid supply control valve 3 and the second liquid supply control valve 5 are all realized by a control system 11. The root target liquid supply pipes 6 are distributed corresponding to the positions of the crops 7 in the cultivation grooves on the three-dimensional cultivation frame 10, and the liquid outlet of each root target liquid supply pipe 6 is aligned with the root position of each crop 7; the root is to accurate feed system 4 with the nutrient solution of target feed pipe 6 respectively, nutrient solution heats storage device 2's liquid supply pipeline and is connected, be equipped with second liquid supply control valve 5 on the pipeline that nutrient solution accurate feed system 4 and root are connected to target feed pipe 6, be equipped with first liquid supply control valve 3 on nutrient solution heats storage device 2 and the pipeline that the root is connected to target feed pipe 6, through second liquid supply control valve 5, the switching of liquid supply pipeline is controlled respectively to first liquid supply control valve 3.
As shown in fig. 2, the liquid temperature control unit includes a temperature control layer 13, a heat insulation layer 12, a phase change material heating and storing device 9 (the research progress [ J ] of phase change heat storage technology applied in the royal-magnificent greenhouse), and a temperature sensor 14; the heat insulation layer 12 is positioned outside the crop cultivation groove, and a space is reserved between the heat insulation layer 12 and the outside of the cultivation groove to form a temperature control layer 13; the upper edge of one side of the temperature control layer 13 is provided with a liquid phase-change material filling port, the liquid phase-change material filling port is connected with the phase-change material heating and storing device 9, a feeding control valve 8 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the liquid phase-change material filling port with the phase-change material heating and storing device 9, the feeding amount of the liquid phase-change material in the temperature control layer 13 is controlled by the feeding control valve 8, and the opening and closing of the feeding control valve 8 are controlled by the control system 11. The temperature sensors 14 are positioned at two sides and the bottom inside the temperature control layer 13, and temperature data collected by the temperature sensors 14 are transmitted to the control system 11.
As shown in fig. 1, the heat energy of the nutrient solution heating and storing device 2 and the phase-change material heating and storing device 9 are both from a heat source 1 (macanku, a new solar/air energy direct expansion heat pump and an air source heat pump heat supply performance comparison [ J ]), and the heat source 1 converts the air energy and the solar energy in the greenhouse into heat energy.
An implementation method of an intelligent root temperature regulation and control system for three-dimensional hydroponic crops comprises the following steps:
step (1), determining the optimal root temperature T of the hydroponic crops in a specific growth cycle according to the agronomic requirements1(ii) a Measuring the heat loss Q of the nutrient solution in a nutrient solution replacement period of the cultivation tank; based on the above conditions, the optimal root is obtainedSection temperature T1And heat loss Q of the nutrient solution, and the phase change temperature of the material is T1The specific heat capacity is C, and the phase change latent heat is H; placing the determined phase-change material in a phase-change material heating and storing device 9;
step (2), in the daytime, when the temperature in the greenhouse (obtained by the temperature sensor arranged in the greenhouse in real time and transmitted to the control system 11) is higher than T1When the cultivation tank is used, the control system 11 starts the nutrient solution accurate supply system 4 to perform accurate nutrient solution proportioning, controls the second liquid supply control valve 5 to be opened, and adds nutrient solution to the root position of the crop 7 in the cultivation tank through the root-to-target liquid supply pipe 6; meanwhile, the control system 11 starts the heat source 1 to convert air energy and solar energy in the greenhouse into heat energy to provide the heat energy for the nutrient solution heating and storing device 2 and the phase-change material heating and storing device 9, and the control system 11 ensures that the temperature of the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution heating and storing device 2 is T by controlling the on-off of the heat source 11And obtaining the temperature T of the liquid phase-change material in the phase-change material heating and storing device 92(T1And T2Respectively obtained by temperature sensors arranged inside the nutrient solution heating and storing device 2 and the phase-change material heating and storing device 9);
step (3) at night when the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than T1During the operation, the control system 11 controls the second liquid supply control valve 5 to close and the first liquid supply control valve 3 to open, and the temperature in the nutrient solution heating and storing device 2 is T through the root part to the target liquid supply pipe 61The nutrient solution is added to the root position of the crop 7 in the cultivation groove;
and (4) simultaneously, the control system 11 obtains the total heat loss of the cultivation tank in n nutrient solution replacement periods in the night time period as nQ, opens the feeding control valve 8, controls the feeding amount of the liquid phase-change material in the temperature control layer 13 as m, and satisfies the following relational expression: nQ ═ mC (T)2-T1) + mH; at night, the heat loss of the nutrient solution in the cultivation tank is fast, and the temperature of the nutrient solution provided by the nutrient solution heating and storing device 2 is gradually lower than T1When the liquid phase-change material is injected into the temperature control layer 13, the liquid phase-change material is only fed to the cultivation tank due to the existence of the heat insulation layer 12The heat energy is transferred by the internal nutrient solution to raise the temperature of the nutrient solution in the cultivation tank to T1(ii) a At the same time, the liquid phase-change material gradually solidifies, its temperature drops to T1And the temperature of the nutrient solution in the cultivation tank is maintained at T by means of the latent heat of phase change of the material1；
Step (5), when the space of the temperature control layer 13 cannot meet the requirement of the feeding amount m, the control system 11 obtains the temperature of the phase change material in the temperature control layer 13 in real time through the temperature sensor 14, and when the temperature is lower than T1When the device is used, an early warning signal is sent out, the heat insulation layer 12 is manually and quickly disassembled, and the solidified liquid phase-change material m is disassembled1Emptying the temperature control layer 13, repeating the operation of the step (4), and injecting the liquid phase-change material again, wherein the amount of the liquid phase-change material is m-m1Therefore, the accurate and efficient control of the root temperature of the three-dimensional hydroponic crop in the whole growth period is realized with low cost and high efficiency.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种立体水培作物的根温智能调控系统实现方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：1. a root temperature intelligent control system implementation method of a three-dimensional hydroponic crop, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: 白天时段，当温室内温度高于适宜作物生长的根部温度T1时，控制系统(11)开启营养液精准供给系统(4)进行营养液精准配比，通过根部对靶供液管(6)对栽培槽中作物(7)根部添加营养液；同时，热源(1)给营养液加热储存装置(2)和相变材料加热储存装置(9)提供热能，控制系统(11)控制营养液加热储存装置(2)内的营养液温度为适宜作物生长的根部温度T1，并获取相变材料加热储存装置(9)内的液态相变材料温度T2；During the daytime, when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than the root temperature T1 suitable for crop growth, the control system (11) turns on the nutrient solution precise supply system (4) to carry out precise proportioning of the nutrient solution, and feeds the target liquid supply pipe (6) through the roots. The nutrient solution is added to the roots of the crops (7) in the cultivation tank; at the same time, the heat source (1) provides thermal energy to the nutrient solution heating storage device (2) and the phase change material heating storage device (9), and the control system (11) controls the nutrient solution heating The temperature of the nutrient solution in the storage device (2) is the root temperature T 1 suitable for crop growth, and the temperature T 2 of the liquid phase change material in the phase change material heating storage device (9) is obtained; 夜晚时段，当温室内温度低于适宜作物生长的根部温度T1时，控制系统(11)将营养液加热储存装置(2)内温度为T1的营养液通过根部对靶供液管(6)添加到作物(7)根部；控制系统(11)获取夜晚时间段内n个营养液更换周期内栽培槽热量总损失量nQ，并开启供料控制阀(8)，控制液态相变材料进料量为m。During the night, when the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than the root temperature T1 suitable for crop growth, the control system (11) heats the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution storage device ( 2 ) with a temperature of T1 through the root to the target liquid supply pipe (6). ) is added to the root of the crop (7); the control system (11) obtains the total heat loss nQ of the cultivation tank in the n nutrient solution replacement cycles in the night time period, and opens the feeding control valve (8) to control the liquid phase change material to enter. The amount of material is m. 2.根据权利要求1所述的根温智能调控系统实现方法，其特征在于，当控温层(13)空间无法满足进料量m的需求时，控制系统(11)实时获取控温层(13)内相变材料的温度，当其温度低于适宜作物生长的根部温度T1时，拆除已经固化的液态相变材料，重新向控温层(13)注入液态相变材料。2. The method for realizing an intelligent control system for root temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the space of the temperature control layer (13) cannot meet the demand of the feed amount m, the control system (11) obtains the temperature control layer (11) in real time. 13) The temperature of the inner phase change material, when the temperature is lower than the root temperature T1 suitable for crop growth, remove the solidified liquid phase change material, and re-inject the liquid phase change material into the temperature control layer (13). 3.根据权利要求1所述的根温智能调控系统实现方法，其特征在于，所述n个营养液更换周期内栽培槽热量总损失量nQ与进料量m满足：3. root temperature intelligent control system realization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described n nutrient solution replacement cycles, cultivation tank heat total loss nQ and feed amount m satisfy: nQ＝mC(T2-T1)+mHnQ=mC(T 2 -T 1 )+mH 其中：C为相变材料的比热容，H为相变材料的相变潜热。Among them: C is the specific heat capacity of the phase change material, and H is the phase change latent heat of the phase change material. 4.一种根据权利要求1-3所述的根温智能调控系统实现方法的立体水培作物的根温智能调控系统，其特征在于，包括：4. the root temperature intelligent control system of the three-dimensional hydroponic crop of the root temperature intelligent control system realization method according to claim 1-3, is characterized in that, comprising: 根部供液单元，包括营养液精准供给系统(4)和营养液加热储存装置(2)，营养液精准供给系统(4)和营养液加热储存装置(2)通过根部对靶供液管(6)与作物(7)的根部相对；The root liquid supply unit includes a nutrient solution precise supply system (4) and a nutrient solution heating storage device (2), and the nutrient solution precise supply system (4) and the nutrient solution heating storage device (2) pass through the root to the target liquid supply pipe (6). ) is opposite to the root of the crop (7); 液温控制单元，包括隔热保温层(12)和相变材料加热储存装置(9)，隔热保温层(12)位于作物栽培槽外侧，且隔热保温层(12)与作物栽培槽外侧之间形成控温层(13)，控温层(13)与相变材料加热储存装置(9)连通；A liquid temperature control unit, comprising a thermal insulation layer (12) and a phase change material heating storage device (9), the thermal insulation layer (12) is located outside the crop cultivation tank, and the thermal insulation layer (12) is located on the outside of the crop cultivation tank A temperature control layer (13) is formed therebetween, and the temperature control layer (13) is communicated with the phase change material heating storage device (9); 控制系统(11)，控制营养液精准供给系统(4)的营养液精准配比、营养液加热储存装置(2)的液温以及相变材料加热储存装置(9)的开闭。The control system (11) controls the precise ratio of the nutrient solution in the precise nutrient solution supply system (4), the liquid temperature of the nutrient solution heating storage device (2), and the opening and closing of the phase change material heating storage device (9). 5.根据权利要求4所述的立体水培作物的根温智能调控系统，其特征在于，所述营养液加热储存装置(2)与根部对靶供液管(6)连接的管道上设有第一供液控制阀(3)，第一供液控制阀(3)的开闭由控制系统(11)控制。5. the root temperature intelligent control system of three-dimensional hydroponic crops according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described nutrient solution heating storage device (2) is provided with on the pipeline that root is connected to target liquid supply pipe (6) A first liquid supply control valve (3), the opening and closing of the first liquid supply control valve (3) is controlled by a control system (11). 6.根据权利要求4所述的立体水培作物的根温智能调控系统，其特征在于，所述营养液精准供给系统(4)与根部对靶供液管(6)连接的管道上设有第二供液控制阀(5)，第二供液控制阀(5)的开闭由控制系统(11)控制。6. The root temperature intelligent control system of three-dimensional hydroponic crops according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described nutrient solution precise supply system (4) is provided with on the pipeline that the root is connected to the target liquid supply pipe (6) The second liquid supply control valve (5), the opening and closing of the second liquid supply control valve (5) is controlled by the control system (11). 7.根据权利要求4所述的立体水培作物的根温智能调控系统，其特征在于，所述相变材料加热储存装置(9)与控温层(13)连接的管路上设有供料控制阀(8)，供料控制阀(8)的开闭由控制系统(11)控制。7. The root temperature intelligent control system of three-dimensional hydroponic crops according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the pipeline that described phase change material heating storage device (9) is connected with temperature control layer (13) is provided with feeding material The opening and closing of the control valve (8) and the feeding control valve (8) are controlled by the control system (11). 8.根据权利要求4所述的立体水培作物的根温智能调控系统，其特征在于，所述控温层(13)内部设有温度传感器(14)。8 . The intelligent control system for root temperature of three-dimensional hydroponic crops according to claim 4 , wherein a temperature sensor ( 14 ) is provided inside the temperature control layer ( 13 ). 9 . 9.根据权利要求4所述的立体水培作物的根温智能调控系统，其特征在于，所述营养液加热储存装置(2)和相变材料加热储存装置(9)由热源(1)提供热能。9. The root temperature intelligent control system of three-dimensional hydroponic crops according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described nutrient solution heating storage device (2) and phase change material heating storage device (9) are provided by heat source (1) thermal energy. 10.根据权利要求4所述的立体水培作物的根温智能调控系统，其特征在于，所述作物栽培槽设置在立体栽培架(10)上。10. The intelligent control system for root temperature of three-dimensional hydroponic crops according to claim 4, wherein the crop cultivation groove is arranged on the three-dimensional cultivation frame (10).
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