CN102150600B - Automatic micro-moistening and irrigating system capable of totally controlling water, fertilizer, air and temperature - Google Patents
Automatic micro-moistening and irrigating system capable of totally controlling water, fertilizer, air and temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN102150600B CN102150600B CN201110054750.3A CN201110054750A CN102150600B CN 102150600 B CN102150600 B CN 102150600B CN 201110054750 A CN201110054750 A CN 201110054750A CN 102150600 B CN102150600 B CN 102150600B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
Abstract
The invention relates to an automatic micro-moistening and irrigating system capable of totally controlling water, fertilizer, air and temperature. Water, fertilizer, air and temperature of soil are four main environmental condition factors for restraining the growth and the development of crops, wherein the change of any one single factor can cause great influence on the growth and the development of the crops, and after the change reaches a certain critical value, crops can be caused to grow slowly, stop growing and even die. The automatic micro-moistening and irrigating system comprises a water supply tank (1), wherein the water supply tank is connected with a water pipe (2), the water pipe is provided with a valve (3), a heater (4) and a fertilizer feeding pot (5) in sequence; the water pipe is connected with a group of micro-moistening pipes (6); and a computer is connected with a water, fertilizer, air and temperature control system through a sensor. The automatic micro-moistening and irrigating system is used for production of facility agriculture and precision agriculture.
Description
technical field:
the present invention relates to a kind of water of agricultural irrigation, automatic micro-profit irrigation system that fertilizer, gas, hot four factor are controlled entirely.
background technology:
the water of soil, fertilizer, gas, heat keep within bounds four main environmental conditions key elements of crop growth, the wherein variation of any one independent factor, capital to the growth of crop, grow and cause in significant impact, after variation reaches a certain critical value, plant growth can be made slow, stop growing, even dead, one of important difference of modern agriculture and traditional farming is: it is optimized control by the growing environment condition of artificial technological means to crop, solves traditional farming and to live at the mercy of the elements completely problem.Facts have proved, key element controlled in four factor is more, and the degree of control is more accurate, more favourable to the growth of crop.
because north of china in winter water temperature and surface temperature are all lower, not yet there is the suitable way raising soil temperature at present, make a big impact often to the growing way of booth vegetable and output.Soil moisture, the control of air content and fertilizing amount, although there has been all diverse ways and equipment, a kind of equipment can only control 1 ~ 2 key element often.With a set of irrigation rig, report be there is not yet to the method that water, fertilizer, gas, hot four elements carry out all controlling.
summary of the invention:
the object of this invention is to provide a kind of water, automatic micro-profit irrigation system that fertilizer, gas, hot four factor are controlled entirely, do not increase or reduce add production cost before topic under, the essential environmental factors solved affecting plant growth is optimized regulation and control, agricultural production is carried out under water, fertilizer, gas, hot comprehensive control condition, is conducive to the high yield good harvest of product.
above-mentioned object is realized by following technical scheme:
automatic micro-profit irrigation system that water, fertilizer, gas, hot four factor are controlled entirely, its composition comprises: supply tank, described supply tank connects water-supply-pipe, on described water-supply-pipe successively mounted valve, heater, add fertile tank, described water-supply-pipe connects one group of micro-profit pipe, and calculator is connected with water supply, fertilizer, gas, thermal control system by sensor.
automatic micro-profit irrigation system that described water, fertilizer, gas, hot four factor are controlled entirely; what described micro-profit pipe was made up of the outer tube of interior pipe and water penetration protective sleeve has double-deck flexible pipe; described inner tubal wall there is micro through hole; aperture is 10 ~ 900nm, and described heater is common water heater or the heater utilizing low-energy-efficiency thermal source.
automatic micro-profit irrigation system that described water, fertilizer, gas, hot four factor are controlled entirely, the described fertile tank that adds is made up of with the filter bag that filter cloth makes tank body and one, in described filter bag, fertilizer is housed, the water stream characteristics that described fertilizer relies on micro-profit to irrigate, slow dissolving, adds fertilizer automatically.
beneficial effect:
1. the present invention proposes a kind of a set of irrigation system carries out comprehensive optimal control method and equipment to the water of soil, fertilizer, gas, hot four factor.Four factor is entirely controlled automatic micro-profit irrigation system and is made up of three parts: water, pneumatic control are performed by the irrigating unit that feeds water; Ground temperature control is performed by heating unit; Nutrient component performs by adding fertile unit.Three unit with the flow performance of water in micro-profit irrigation system for Basic Design is according to a composition holonomic system.Change over the situation can only equipping the regulation and control of single key element to environmental condition with different technologies, overcoming the short-board effect in the regulation and control of single key element, is the development of modern agriculture, particularly precision agriculture, provides a new technical equipment.
2. feedwater irrigation part of the present invention adopts micro-profit irrigation technique.Common micro-profit irrigation system is made up of water source (water tank), water-supply-pipe and micro-profit pipe network three part, due to micro-profit irrigation be minor amount of water with 24 hours ceaselessly way of supplying water crop is irrigated continuously, be characterized in: micro-profit pipe output within the unit interval of unit length is very little, take quantitatively milliliter as measurement unit, be in the same order of magnitude with the water absorption of plant units time.Irrigation feedwater is absorbed water with crop be quantitatively coupled.
in the process of growth of crop, all ceaselessly absorbing moisture per a moment round the clock, and the way of supplying water of micro-profit irrigation system ceaselessly feeds water for 24 hours, irrigation fed water and absorbs water synchronous in time with crop.
the water yield of micro-profit pipe is continuous variable, proportional with overpressure.In system, any minor variations of pressure all can cause water yield to respond.Therefore, the accurately interior pressure (height of water level as water tank) of adjustment irrigation system, the water yield of micro-profit pipe can be controlled to milliliter is any requirement of measurement unit.And, interior pressure numerical value once determine, the maintenance that micro-profit pipe will be steady in a long-term with a certain amount determined to soil water supply.Further, the water flow feature that micro-profit is irrigated is: first the moisture slowly released enter soil capillary, only has after capillary is full of entirely, just can occupy other space in soil, and this is the feature that other any irrigation method does not all possess.Accordingly, utilizing field capacity concept, by accurately controlling the water yield, reaching the object controlling soil air content.
the These characteristics that micro-profit is irrigated, makes this system not only can regulate the moisture of soil when irrigating, but also can regulate the air content in soil.Certain crop, as grape, need the water content of soil more, and air content is less demanding in seedling stage, and suitable aqueous vapor condition is 80% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil, and namely soil capillarity tube space 80% is filled by water and another 20% is full of air.According to mensuration, now corresponding micro-profit pipe water yield is 450 milliliters/ meter Tian, and according to Fig. 2, corresponding Water in Water Tanks position height is 1.8 meters of water levels.Cistern water level is positioned at 1.80 meters, micro-profit irrigation system, with 450 milliliters of/meter of sky speed water outlets, makes soil moisture content stably remain on field capacity 80% level.Meanwhile, make soil air content also be controlled thereupon.
after grape setting, requirement soil moisture content is lower and air content is higher, if soil moisture is 60% of field capacity for optimum state, according to micro-profit pipe water yield and pressure relationship plot (Fig. 2), the water yield of micro-profit pipe is down to 300 milliliters/ meter Tian, corresponding height of water level is 1.40 meters, and moisture, the air content of soil are determined thereupon, make the water content of soil and air content remain on field capacity 60% level.
in a word, by the single parameter water lev el control to micro-profit irrigation system, accurately can regulate and control water content and the air content of soil, and this expectation state is stably kept in a long time, make water, gas ratio is in the optimum state being conducive to plant growth most for a long time.
3. the distinctive soil temperature control unit of the present invention, soil temperature controls to be performed by the heater be installed in micro-profit system.Irrigate due to micro-profit and belong to subsurface irrigation, micro-profit pipe is all embedded in the dark soil of 10 ~ 15cm, after passing into warm water, is equivalent to all install " geothermal tube " in booth.Micro-profit pipe liberated heat and the heat of pipe interior release entrained by water all conduct to soil, make soil warming.The insulation effect of soil avoids heat loss, makes this geothermal mode of heating have the higher thermal efficiency and good temperature rise effect.
use heater heating water, the control ground temperature with warm-water irrigation, is one and seems simple thing, before this so fail to realize, mainly to keep within bounds by technology and economic rationality two aspect factor.
from technical standpoint, drip irrigation technique is most advanced irrigation technique of economizing on water most at present.Drip irrigation generally adopts rotation flow or batch (-type) irrigation program.When irrigating a certain plot, if area is the booth of a mu, generally cut off the water from starting shooting to 1 ~ 2 hour consuming time, during this period of time must by the water of 4000 ~ 5000 kilograms instillation Tanaka.Within the time short like this, water a large amount of is like this heated up about 20 DEG C, need high-power heater.From equipment angle, it is unreasonable configuration that booth joins a very huge heater, and meanwhile, heating process must consume a lot of energy, and the operating cost of great number, loses economic rationality again to agricultural production.So, up to the present, be showed no both at home and abroad by heating irrigation water.
adopt micro-profit irrigation system, change a lot by regimen condition: the greenhouse of one mu of area or booth, water consumption is every day 500 kilograms, and this water yield constantly supplied water through 24 hours and progresses into soil, therefore, output per hour only about 21 kilograms, the water yield little like this heated up 20 DEG C in 1 hour, general common water heater can be competent at.Correspondingly, energy ezpenditure also can be reduced in the acceptable zone of reasonableness of agricultural production.
the water yield of micro-profit irrigation system and water stream characteristics, further provide the possibility improving temperature of irrigation water with the thermal source of low energy densities: such as: northern greenhouse all needs heating stove or hot wall winter simultaneously, if connect a calandria heat exchanger in systems in which, heat exchanger is placed in flue, utilize flue residue heat to be heated by irrigation water, the object promoting ground temperature can be reached.
also solar water heater can be used in place with good conditionsi.What solar water heater utilized is low-density energy, and water heats up need with the longer time, and every day, the water yield of heating was also limited.These two features just and micro-ly moisten the water yield of irrigating and current feature is mated, for controlling ground temperature.
in a word, the present invention takes full advantage of the low discharge that micro-profit is irrigated, the water stream characteristics that long-time continuous supplies water and the very low technical characterstic of water consumption, before taking into full account the economic reliability that Equipments Setting reasonability and operation consume under topic, propose the heat source irrigation water with microheater or low energy densities, method soil temperature controlled to adjust by irrigation system.
4. the control unit of the distinctive ASI systematic approach of the present invention, the control of ASI systematic approach intrasystemly automatically adds fertile tank by being arranged on and performs.Add fertile tank to be made up of with the filter bag that filter cloth makes tank body and one, fertilizer is loaded in filter bag, filter bag is put into and adds in fertile tank, add fertile tank and be connected on irrigation water pipeline.When the slow flow path of irrigation water adds fertile tank, fertilizer, gradually by water-soluble solution, enters micro-profit pipe with water, is directly conveyed and reaches in crop root zone.Due to the current feature of micro-profit irrigation system, provide abundant dissolution time to fertilizer, make the course of dissolution of fertilizer no longer by time restriction, therefore, special apparatus for rapid dissolution and injection need not be needed as drip irrigation system to add equipment, also do not need special messenger's operation management on time.One to put in tank to by expense fertilizer as long as native system will add fertile work simplification, all the other work complete automatically by irrigation system.Add fertilizer to become and lift a finger at every turn, thus each throw fertile quantity for improving to throw fertile frequency and reduce and provide conveniently, condition is provided for precisely controlling soil Middle nutrition content of material, can according to Different Crop, the difference of different growing stages fertilizer-sucting quantity, the fertilizer amount of accurate control every day or a certain period, within one day, disposable fertilizer can be thrown, or 2,3 days throw disposable fertilizer, throw in as required, and need not, as normal fertilising, one month even fertilizer of two months once be dropped in field, fertilizer is trapped in soil for a long time, allows crop absorb at random.
the advantage of this control accurate fertilization mode is:
fertile walk with water, water and fertilizer coupling, directly arrives crop root, is absorbed fast by crop, avoids fertilizer and is fixed in soil and the dead loss that causes and leaching loss.Application experiment shows, before crop growth conditions is identical under topic, fertilizer amount at least can save 50%.
the fertilizer-sucting quantity different according to crop different growing stages and different nutrition kinds need frequent, low consumption to apply fertilizer, and are more conducive to plant growth.
in a word, based on the technical characteristic of micro-profit irrigation system, micro-profit is utilized to irrigate distinctive water flow and release feature, after supporting heating unit and fertigation unit, forming the water to soil, fertilizer, gas, hot four factor by the fixing quantity of calculator all can to the system to crop useful direction regulation and control.Do not increase or reduce add production cost before topic under, solve a soil warming difficult problem, agricultural production carried out under water, fertilizer, gas, hot comprehensive control condition, be conducive to product high yield good harvest.
the present invention is applied to: 1., to the higher modern agriculture of environmental condition control overflow and precision agriculture.2., high and cold area agricultural planting, while solution spring drought, solve spring ground temperature too low, the difficult germination problem of seed.3., be specially adapted to northern temperature canopy winter vegetable produce.
accompanying drawing illustrates:
accompanying drawing 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
accompanying drawing 2 is water yield and pressure dependence figure.
accompanying drawing 3 is structural representations of micro-profit pipe.
accompanying drawing 4 is the structural representations adding fertile tank.
embodiment:
embodiment 1:
automatic micro-profit irrigation system that water, fertilizer, gas, hot four factor are controlled entirely, its composition comprises: supply tank 1, it is characterized in that: described supply tank connects water-supply-pipe 2, mounted valve 3 successively on described water-supply-pipe, heater 4, add fertile tank 5, described water-supply-pipe connects one group of micro-profit pipe 6, and calculator is connected with water supply, fertilizer, gas, thermal control system by sensor.
embodiment 2:
automatic micro-profit irrigation system that described water, fertilizer, gas, hot four factor are controlled entirely; what described micro-profit pipe was made up of the outer tube 8 of interior pipe 7 and water penetration protective sleeve has double-deck flexible pipe; described inner tubal wall there is micro through hole 9; aperture is 10 ~ 900nm, described heater common water heater or utilize the heater of low-energy-efficiency thermal source.
embodiment 3:
automatic micro-profit irrigation system that described water, fertilizer, gas, hot four factor are controlled entirely, the described fertile tank that adds is made up of with the filter bag that filter cloth 11 makes tank body 10 and one, in described filter bag, fertilizer is housed, the water stream characteristics that described fertilizer relies on micro-profit to irrigate, slow dissolving, adds fertilizer automatically.
due to micro-profit irrigation be minor amount of water with 24 hours ceaselessly way of supplying water crop is irrigated continuously:
micro-profit pipe output within the unit interval of A, unit length is very little, take quantitatively milliliter as measurement unit, is in the same order of magnitude with the water absorption of plant units time.Irrigation feedwater is absorbed water with crop be quantitatively coupled.
in the process of growth of B, crop, all ceaselessly absorbing moisture per a moment round the clock, and the way of supplying water of micro-profit irrigation system ceaselessly feeds water for 24 hours, irrigation fed water and absorbs water synchronous in time with crop.
the water yield of C, micro-profit pipe is continuous variable, proportional with overpressure.In system, any minor variations of pressure all can cause water yield to respond.Therefore, the accurately interior pressure (height of water level as water tank) of adjustment irrigation system, the water yield of micro-profit pipe can be controlled to milliliter is any requirement of measurement unit.And, interior pressure numerical value once determine, the maintenance that micro-profit pipe will be steady in a long-term with a certain amount determined to soil water supply.
the These characteristics that micro-profit is irrigated, makes this system not only can regulate the moisture of soil when irrigating, but also can regulate the air content in soil.Heating unit and add fertile unit and take full advantage of the water stream characteristics that micro-profit irrigates, constitutes the holonomic system that a water, fertilizer, gas, hot four factor are all controlled.
Claims (1)
1.
automatic micro-profit irrigation system that a kind of water, fertilizer, gas, hot four factor are controlled entirely, its composition comprises: supply tank, it is characterized in that: described supply tank connects water-supply-pipe, on described water-supply-pipe successively mounted valve, heater, add fertile tank, described water-supply-pipe connects one group of micro-profit pipe, and calculator is connected with water supply, fertilizer, gas, thermal control system by sensor;
what described micro-profit pipe was made up of the outer tube of interior pipe and water penetration protective sleeve has double-deck flexible pipe, described inner tubal wall there is micro through hole, aperture is 10 ~ 900nm, described heater is common water heater or the heater utilizing low energy densities thermal source, and micro-profit pipe is all embedded in the dark soil of 10 ~ 15cm;
micro-profit pipe liberated heat and the heat of pipe interior release entrained by water all conduct to soil, make soil warming;
the described fertile tank that adds is made up of with the filter bag that filter cloth makes tank body and one, in described filter bag, fertilizer is housed, and the water stream characteristics that described fertilizer relies on micro-profit to irrigate slowly is dissolved, automatically added fertilizer;
water, pneumatic control are performed by the irrigating unit that feeds water; Ground temperature control is performed by heating unit; Nutrient component performs by adding fertile unit;
the way of supplying water of micro-profit irrigation system ceaselessly feeds water for 24 hours, irrigation fed water and absorbs water synchronous in time with crop;
the water yield of micro-profit pipe is continuous variable, proportional with overpressure;
first the moisture slowly released enter soil capillary, only has after capillary is full of entirely, just can occupy other space in soil.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110054750.3A CN102150600B (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2011-03-08 | Automatic micro-moistening and irrigating system capable of totally controlling water, fertilizer, air and temperature |
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| CN201110054750.3A CN102150600B (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2011-03-08 | Automatic micro-moistening and irrigating system capable of totally controlling water, fertilizer, air and temperature |
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| CN102150600B true CN102150600B (en) | 2015-04-01 |
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| CN201110054750.3A Expired - Fee Related CN102150600B (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2011-03-08 | Automatic micro-moistening and irrigating system capable of totally controlling water, fertilizer, air and temperature |
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| CN103125315B (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2015-08-12 | 甘肃大禹节水集团股份有限公司 | Solar energy is for the greenhouse gravitational drip irrigation system of underground heat |
| CN103222365A (en) * | 2013-04-14 | 2013-07-31 | 肖金丽 | Water-fertilizer irrigation machine with water temperature display instrument |
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| CN104982308A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-10-21 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 | Temperature rising method for drip irrigation |
| CN105432431B (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2018-07-24 | 深圳市微润灌溉技术有限公司 | Control method of irrigation and device |
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| CN108476941A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-09-04 | 朱彩玲 | A kind of agricultural irrigation fertilising double-purpose equipment |
| CN109254540B (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2023-03-17 | 山东农业大学 | Facility-based water, fertilizer, pesticide and hot gas integrated underground infiltration irrigation control system and method |
| CN111213570A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-06-02 | 石河子大学 | Automatic change irrigation system |
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