CN112553103B - 牛鞭草青贮乳酸菌添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于微生物技术领域,具体涉及一种牛鞭草青贮乳酸菌添加剂。所述牛鞭草青贮乳酸菌添加剂包括组分A和组分B,组分A和组分B均为鼠李糖乳杆菌753,唾液乳杆菌358和植物乳杆菌LP694中的任意一种,且组分A与组分B不相同,所述组分A和组分B的质量比为1‑2:1‑2,其中,鼠李糖乳杆菌753的保藏编号为CGMCC No.18233,唾液乳杆菌358的保藏编号为CGMCC No.18232,植物乳杆菌LP694的保藏编号为CGMCC No.15073。本发明的乳酸菌添加剂生长速率快,产酸效率高;能够显著改善牛鞭草属牧草青贮饲料的感官品质;能够显著增加牛鞭草属牧草青贮饲料的乳酸和乙酸含量,降低丁酸等有害酸含量,使乳酸菌成为优势菌群,抑制牛鞭草属牧草青贮饲料中的有害菌,提高牧草的青贮品质。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物技术领域,具体涉及一种牛鞭草青贮乳酸菌添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
青贮是指把鲜棵植物压实封闭起来,使贮存的青饲料与外部空气隔绝造成内部缺氧,致使厌氧发酵的一种贮存技术或方法。青贮有助于提高饲料的利用价值,扩大饲料来源,调整饲草供应时期,使单位面积收获的总养分达到最高值,减少营养物质的浪费,减少劳动强度,提高工作效率,治疗病虫害。
青贮饲料实质上就是乳酸菌发酵饲料,自然青贮是利用自然界植物上存在的乳酸菌进行发酵。然而,由于自然界植物上的乳酸菌含量少,仅占细菌总数的0.01%-1%。所以在发酵过程中,乳酸菌难以迅速形成优势菌群,不能在短时间内降低pH值,从而造成各种细菌都在生长繁殖致使温度迅速上升,使得预备发酵期延长,并且,预备发酵过程中,青贮料因发热造成大量的营养成分和能量的损失,还会造成气味刺鼻、适口性差;此外,发酵过程中霉菌和腐败菌的大量繁殖,造成青贮料局部发霉和腐烂;再者,大量杂菌存在,在青贮料开窖时,易形成二次发酵,在取食截面上新发生霉斑或成片发霉。
因此,一般采用外源性的添加乳酸菌,提高青贮质量。如公开号为CN108265016A的专利文献公开了一种狼尾草属牧草青贮乳酸菌添加剂,其包括组分A和组分B,组分A和组分B的容积比为1-2:1-2,所述组分A选自戊糖片球菌、食窦魏斯氏菌和植物乳杆菌中的一种,所述组分B选自戊糖片球菌、食窦魏斯氏菌和植物乳杆菌中的一种,且组分和组分B不相同,所述戊糖片球菌保藏编号为CGMCC No.15074;所述食窦魏斯氏菌保藏编号为CGMCCNo.15075;所述植物乳杆菌保藏编号为CGMCC No.15073。该乳酸菌添加剂能够快速降低狼尾草属牧草青贮pH值,使乳酸菌成为优势菌群,加快发酵成熟,减少氨态氮的产生以及增加了有机酸含量,提高了青贮饲料的发酵品质。
然而,采用该乳酸菌添加剂进行狼尾草属牧草青贮,液态氮的含量仍然较高;此外,不同的青贮物料的发酵特性并不相同(CN108265016A),该方案所采用的乳酸菌添加剂仅对狼尾草属牧草青贮有效,对牛鞭草属牧草青贮无效。因此,需要探索适用于牛鞭草属牧草青贮的乳酸菌添加剂。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种牛鞭草青贮乳酸菌添加剂。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:
牛鞭草青贮乳酸菌添加剂,包括组分A和组分B,组分A和组分B均为鼠李糖乳杆菌753,唾液乳杆菌358和植物乳杆菌LP694中的任意一种,且组分A与组分B不相同,所述组分A和组分B的质量比为1-2:1-2,其中,鼠李糖乳杆菌753于2019年07月16日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,保藏编号为CGMCC No.18233,唾液乳杆菌358于2019年07月16日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,保藏编号为CGMCC No.18232;植物乳杆菌LP694于2017年12月18日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,保藏编号为CGMCC No.15073。
进一步,所述牛鞭草青贮乳酸菌添加剂,还包括组分C,所述组C为鼠李糖乳杆菌753,唾液乳杆菌358和植物乳杆菌LP694中的任意一种,且组分A、组分B和组分C不相同,组分A、组分B和组分C的质量比为1-2:1-2:1-2。
本发明的目的之二在于保护所述牛鞭草青贮乳酸菌添加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将组分A和组分B混合。
进一步,所述牛鞭草青贮乳酸菌添加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)取牛鞭草牧草样品,稀释后吸取涂布至MRS固体培养基培养,挑出单菌落继续培养后,连续传代培养至少2次,得到纯化的菌落;
2)将步骤1)得到的纯化的菌落在乳酸菌固体培养基上恒温厌氧条件下培养后,通过革兰氏染色和过氧化氢酶接触反应,进行乳酸菌的鉴定,将鉴定后的乳酸菌加入含灭菌甘油的液体营养培养基中,并储存,得到分离纯化的乳酸菌;
3)将步骤2)得到的所述分离纯化的乳酸菌进行菌种活化后,接种到MRS液体培养基中培养,得到菌液;测定所述菌液pH与OD值,根据测定结果进行筛选;筛选pH=3.82,OD值=1.384的菌液,得到初步筛选后的菌株A;筛选pH=3.73,OD值=1.428的菌液,得到初步筛选后的菌株B;筛选pH=3.80,OD值=1.493的菌液,得到初步筛选后的菌株C;
4)将菌株A厌氧培养后,进行单株菌的DNA提取,以提取的DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,得到的扩增产物即为鼠李糖乳杆菌753;
将菌株B厌氧培养后,进行单株菌的DNA提取,以提取的DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,得到的扩增产物即为唾液乳杆菌358;
将菌株C厌氧培养后,进行单株菌的DNA提取,以提取的DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,得到的扩增产物即为植物乳杆菌LP694;
然后将鼠李糖乳杆菌753,唾液乳杆菌358和植物乳杆菌LP694中的任意两种混合。
进一步,将鼠李糖乳杆菌753,唾液乳杆菌358和植物乳杆菌LP694混合。
进一步,所述PCR扩增的上游扩增引物的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,下游扩增引物的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
表1扩增引物
上游扩增引物 | 5’-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3’ |
下游扩增引物 | 5’-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3’ |
进一步,所述PCR扩增的反应条件为:95℃预变性5min后,95℃变性30s,55℃退火30s,72℃延伸90s,循环30次,再72℃延长5min。
本发明的目的还在于保护乳酸菌添加剂的使用方法,将乳酸菌添加剂接种到MRS液体培养基,然后将得到的菌株添加液均匀喷洒在牛鞭草中,混合均匀,袋装青贮,抽真空封口,于27-37℃条件下发酵45天至1年。
进一步,接种量为0.3wt%-3wt%。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明的乳酸菌添加剂生长速率快,产酸效率高。
本发明的乳酸菌添加剂能够显著改善牛鞭草属牧草青贮饲料的感官品质。
本发明的乳酸菌添加剂,能够显著增加牛鞭草属牧草青贮饲料的乳酸和乙酸含量,降低丁酸等有害酸含量,使乳酸菌成为优势菌群,抑制有害菌,提高牧草的青贮品质。
本发明的乳酸菌添加剂,能够显著提高牛鞭草属牧草青贮饲料的干物质含量,干物质回收率,粗蛋白含量,提升牧草青贮饲料的质量。
具体实施方式
所举实施例是为了更好地对本发明的内容进行说明,但并不是本发明的内容仅限于所举实施例。所以熟悉本领域的技术人员根据上述发明内容对实施方案进行非本质的改进和调整,仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
牛鞭草青贮乳酸菌添加剂的制备,具体步骤如下:
1)取“雅安”扁穗牛鞭草属牧草样品,加入无菌蒸馏水,稀释成10-1,10-3和10-5三个稀释度的样品稀释液;吸取样品稀释液涂布至MRS固体培养基培养,连续传代培养2次,得到纯化菌落;
2)将步骤1)得到的纯化菌落在乳酸菌固体培养基上37℃恒温厌氧条件下培养24h后,通过革兰氏染色和过氧化氢酶接触反应,进行乳酸菌的鉴定,将鉴定后的乳酸菌加入含灭菌甘油的液体营养培养基中,并于-80℃条件下储存,得到分离纯化的乳酸菌;
3)将步骤2)得到的分离纯化的乳酸菌进行菌种活化后,以3wt%的接种量接种到10ml MRS液体培养基中,于温度40-45℃,湿度85%-98%条件下培养12h,得到菌液;测定菌液的pH及OD值,筛选pH=3.82,OD值=1.384的菌液得到初步筛选后的菌株A;筛选pH=3.73,OD值=1.428的菌液,得到初步筛选后的菌株B;筛选pH=3.80,OD值=1.493的菌液,得到初步筛选后的菌株C;
将菌株A厌氧培养后,进行单株菌的DNA提取,以提取的DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,得到的扩增产物即为鼠李糖乳杆菌753;
将菌株B厌氧培养后,进行单株菌的DNA提取,以提取的DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,得到的扩增产物即为唾液乳杆菌358;
将菌株C厌氧培养后,进行单株菌的DNA提取,以提取的DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,得到的扩增产物即为植物乳杆菌LP694;
其中,所述PCR扩增的上游扩增引物的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示,下游扩增引物的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示;
所述PCR扩增的反应条件为:95℃预变性5min后,95℃变性30s,55℃退火30s,72℃延伸90s,循环30次,再72℃延长5min。
然后将所得菌株按照表2所述配比(质量比)进行混合,并测定混合后菌液的pH及OD值,结果如表2所示。
表2乳酸菌添加剂组分
由表2可知,实验组1-3的菌液的pH为3.63-3.79,OD为1.425-1.498。由此证明,本发明的乳酸菌添加剂生长速率快,产酸效率高。
实施例2
将乳酸菌添加剂作为牛鞭草青贮添加剂
将表3所示实验组1-3的乳酸菌添加剂及对照组1-3的菌液按照接种量分别接种到MRS液体培养基中,并以灭菌蒸馏水为空白对照,得到菌株添加液,菌株活菌数定为1×106CFU/g FW;
取“雅安”扁穗牛鞭草样品,切成长度约为20mm,得到鲜样,表2所示各个组别均取鲜样500g装进塑料袋(25×35cm;Aodeju,China);
将表3所示菌株添加液均匀喷洒到牧草样品中,混合均匀,袋装青贮,抽真空封口,置于室温(27-37℃)中发酵60天后开封,得到青贮样。
感官评定
对得到的青贮样根据德国牧业协会(DLG)1899年编订的感官青贮评分标准及等级评定(评定标准如表4所示)对青贮饲料的气味、结构和色泽分别进行感官评分,结果如表4所示。
表3青贮饲料感官评定标准(DLG)
表4感官品质评定结果
组别 | 气味 | 结构 | 色泽 | 等级 |
CK(空白对照组) | 7 | 2 | 1 | 3级中等 |
对照组1 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 2级尚好 |
对照组2 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 2级尚好 |
对照组3 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 1级优良 |
实验组1 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 1级优良 |
实验组2 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 1级优良 |
实验组3 | 14 | 4 | 1 | 1级优良 |
由表4可知,与空白对照组及对照组1-3相比,实验组1-3在气味方面,臭味等弱,芳香性更佳,茎叶结构保持更佳,60d即可得到感官佳的牛鞭草属牧草青贮饲料。由此证明,本发明的乳酸菌添加剂能够显著改善牛鞭草属牧草青贮饲料的感官品质。
发酵品质分析
1)取20g青贮样与180mL去离子水混合均匀,随后置于小型搅拌机中搅拌1min,过8层滤布,用苯酚-次氯酸纳比色法测定滤液pH值,用苯酚-次氯酸纳比色法测定滤液氨态氮(NH3-N)含量,结果如表5所示;
取20g青贮样与180ml灭菌蒸馏水进行混合震荡,用四层纱布过滤,采用高效液相色谱法测定有机酸含量,结果如表5所示;
表5发酵品质检测结果
备注:ND表示未检出,小字母不同表示存在显著性差异;丙酸和丁酸分别为各种形式的丙酸和丁酸的总和。
由表5可知,与空白对照相比,实验组1-3的pH值、液态氮含量得到了显著降低。由此证明,本发明能够显著降低能快速降低牛鞭草属牧草青贮饲料的青贮pH值和液态氮含量。
由表5可知,与空白对照组相比,实验组1-3的乳酸菌和乙酸含量得到了显著提高,丁酸等有害酸含量得到了显著降低。由此证明,本发明的乳酸菌添加剂,能够显著增加牛鞭草属牧草青贮饲料的乳酸和乙酸含量,降低丁酸等有害酸含量,使乳酸菌成为优势菌群,抑制牛鞭草属牧草青贮饲料中的有害菌,提高牧草的青贮品质。
营养成分分析
取20g青贮样置于鼓风干燥箱中,105℃杀青0.5h,随后65℃烘干处理72h左右直至恒重,烘干样品用小型植物样粉碎机粉碎后过40目筛;
然后采用常规烘干法测定干物质含量,采用SOSS 8400型全自动凯氏定氮仪蒸馏测定粗蛋白含量,采用范氏洗涤纤维法测定中性洗涤纤维与酸性洗涤纤维含量,采用蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定可溶性碳水化合物含量,结果如表6所示。
表6营养成分检测结果
备注:小字母不同表示存在显著性差异。
由表6可知,与空白对照组相比,实验组1-3的干物质含量、干物质回收率和粗蛋白质含量得到的显著提高。由此证明,本发明的乳酸菌添加剂,能够显著提高牛鞭草属牧草青贮饲料的干物质含量,干物质回收率,粗蛋白含量,提升牧草青贮饲料的质量。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
说 明 书 序 列 表
<110>重庆市畜牧科学院
<120>牛鞭草青贮乳酸菌添加剂及其制备方法
<160>2
<210>1
<211>20
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>上游扩增引物
<400>1
agagtttgat cctggctcag 20
<210>2
<211>19
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>下游扩增引物
<400>2
ggttaccttg ttacgactt 19
Claims (3)
1.乳酸菌添加剂在牛鞭草青贮中的用途,其特征在于,所述乳酸菌添加剂由保藏编号为CGMCC No.18233的鼠李糖乳杆菌753和保藏编号为CGMCC No.15073的植物乳杆菌LP694按1:2质量比混合而得。
2.乳酸菌添加剂在牛鞭草青贮中的用途,其特征在于,所述乳酸菌添加剂由保藏编号为CGMCC No.18232的唾液乳杆菌358和保藏编号为CGMCC No.15073的植物乳杆菌LP694按2:1质量比混合而得。
3.乳酸菌添加剂在牛鞭草青贮中的用途,其特征在于,所述乳酸菌添加剂由保藏编号为CGMCC No.18233的鼠李糖乳杆菌753、保藏编号为CGMCC No.18232的唾液乳杆菌358和保藏编号为CGMCC No.15073的植物乳杆菌LP694按2:1:1质量比混合而得。
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