CN112552979B - 一种抗磨剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗磨剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112552979B
CN112552979B CN202011357557.2A CN202011357557A CN112552979B CN 112552979 B CN112552979 B CN 112552979B CN 202011357557 A CN202011357557 A CN 202011357557A CN 112552979 B CN112552979 B CN 112552979B
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程亮
谢颖
张�杰
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Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗磨剂及其制备方法，抗磨剂为以下结构的化合物:

Description

一种抗磨剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于润滑技术领域，涉及一种用于润滑油的抗磨剂及其制备方法，尤其涉及一种抗磨剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
润滑油是用在各种类型汽车、机械设备上以减少摩擦，保护机械及加工件的液体或半固体润滑介质，主要起润滑、冷却、防锈、清洁、密封和缓冲等作用。润滑油一般由基础油和添加剂两部分组成，基础油是润滑油的主要成分，决定润滑油基本性质，添加剂则可弥补和改善基础油性能方面的不足，赋予某些新的性能，也是润滑油的重要组成部分。通常，润滑油中的基础油组分一般不具备除润滑以外的功能，如抗磨性等，通常需要加入抗磨剂来提高产品这方面的性能。
目前，润滑油中常用抗磨添加剂种类包括：二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯(ADTC)、二烷基二硫代磷酸酯(ADDP)等含有硫类抗磨剂、磷类抗磨剂、硫磷类抗磨剂、卤素类抗磨剂、有机金属类抗磨剂和硼类抗磨剂。不同类型添加剂适用于不同的领域，如在内燃机油、抗磨液压油中普遍使用的二烷基硫代硫酸锌盐，在齿轮油中应用极压抗磨剂多是含氯、硫、磷的化合物；为了进一步达到减少摩擦磨损的效果，润滑油也常加入摩擦改进剂，如磷酸钼、硫磷酸钼、二硫氨基甲酸钼盐和硼氮化合物等。有时，在润滑油中加入一些固体抗磨剂如石墨、二硫化钼、聚四氟乙烯等，这些抗磨剂不溶于基础油，因此只能通过工艺改进使这些固体添加剂颗粒稳定地分散于润滑油基础油中才能够应用。
聚醚(又称聚醚多元醇)根据API规则，属于V类基础油，具有黏度指数高、倾点低、清净性好等优点而备受关注。当使用聚醚作为基础油时，分子链中有大量醚键存在，因此具有一定减磨效果，但聚醚本身的抗磨效果不理想。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种具有良好抗磨性的抗磨剂。
本发明进一步要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种工艺简单、易操作的抗磨剂的制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000021
式中，m＝0～50,n＝0～50，m、n不同时为零，R1为C1～C15的烷烃，R2为氢或甲基，R3为C2～C15的烷烃，R为
Figure BDA0002803042890000022
Figure BDA0002803042890000023
中的一种，其中X为F、Cl、Br中的一种，且X连接在苯环上的1、2、3位中的任意位置，r为1～3的任意整数，r1为1～3的任意整数，r2为0～2的任意整数；m、n、r为整数，且满足电荷平衡。
进一步地，所述的抗磨剂中，优选C1～C5的烷烃，更优选甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基中的任意一种。
进一步地，所述的抗磨剂中，优选R3为C2～C5的烷烃，更优选乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基中的任意一种。
进一步地，所述的抗磨剂中，优选R为
Figure BDA0002803042890000031
Figure BDA0002803042890000032
中的一种，且X连接在苯环上的，X为F，r1为1，r为3，r2为1。
一种抗磨剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
A、称取原料：聚醚40-50份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物40-70份、稀释剂1-3份；
B、将40-70份含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物溶解于1-3份稀释剂中，保持温度40-50℃，搅拌20-40分钟，制备成溶液1；
C、将溶液1以0.1～1mL/分钟的速率滴加到40-50份聚醚中，滴加完后，升温至50-90℃，老化1.5～2小时，得到抗磨剂。
进一步地，所述的抗磨剂的制备方法中，优选所述聚醚选择单封端聚乙二醇、单封端环氧乙烷均聚物、单封端环氧丙烷均聚物、单封端环氧丙烷均聚物、单封端四氢呋喃均聚物、单封端长链环氧烷烃均聚物中的一种或它们之间任意组合的共聚物。
进一步地，所述的抗磨剂的制备方法中，优选含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物选自带有
Figure BDA0002803042890000041
基团中的任意一种，其中X为F、Cl、Br中的一种，且X连接在苯环上的1、2、3位中的任意位置，r为1～3的任意整数，r1为1～3的任意整数，r2为0～2的任意整数。
进一步地，所述的抗磨剂的制备方法中，优选含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物选自带有
Figure BDA0002803042890000042
Figure BDA0002803042890000043
基团中的一种，且X连接在苯环上的1位，X为F，r1为1，r为3，r2为1。
进一步地，所述的抗磨剂的制备方法中，优选所述稀释剂为溶剂A与溶剂B的混合物，其中溶剂A：溶剂B的质量比为(5～10):(1～5)，溶剂A选自苯、甲苯、二甲苯、均三甲苯中的任意一种；溶剂B选自二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯甲烷中的任意一种。
本发明的抗磨剂，是对聚醚进行了修饰，在碳链端部具有醚键、酯基、氨基、磺酸基或强吸电基团，因此，其抗磨性能优于现有的抗磨添加剂。将其添加在润滑油基础油中可以更好解决润滑油的抗磨性能。与传统抗磨剂相比，本发明抗磨剂的性能更优，可以作为润滑油抗磨剂使用。
此外，本发明的抗磨剂同时具有良好的防锈、减磨和清净的功能，提高了润滑油整体的防锈性、减磨性以及清净性。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
以下通过具体的实施例进行详细说明。
实施例1、一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000051
上述抗磨剂通过以下步骤的方法制成：
A、称取原料：聚醚
Figure BDA0002803042890000052
50份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物
Figure BDA0002803042890000053
50份、稀释剂(选用甲苯与二氯甲烷的混合物)3份，甲苯：二氯甲烷的质量比为5：1；
B、将含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物溶解于稀释剂，保持温度40℃，搅拌20分钟，制备成溶液1；
C、将溶液1以0.1mL/分钟的速率滴加到聚醚中，滴加完后，升温至85℃，老化1.5小时，得到实施例1产品。
实施例2、一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000061
上述抗磨剂通过以下步骤的方法制成：
A、称取原料：聚醚
Figure BDA0002803042890000062
份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物
Figure BDA0002803042890000063
70份、稀释剂(选用甲苯与三氯甲烷的混合物)2份，甲苯：三氯甲烷的质量比为6：3；
B、将含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物溶解于稀释剂，保持温度45℃，搅拌30分钟，制备成溶液1；
C、将溶液1以0.5mL/分钟的速率滴加到聚醚中，滴加完后，升温至90℃，老化1.7小时，得到实施例2产品。
实施例3、一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000064
上述抗磨剂通过以下步骤的方法制成：
A、称取原料：聚醚
Figure BDA0002803042890000065
45份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物
Figure BDA0002803042890000066
40份、稀释剂(选用二甲苯与二氯甲烷的混合物)1份，二甲苯：二氯甲烷的质量比为10：3；
B、将含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物溶解于稀释剂，保持温度50℃，搅拌40分钟，制备成溶液1；
C、将溶液1以1mL/分钟的速率滴加到聚醚中，滴加完后，保持温度50℃，老化2小时，得到实施例3产品。
实施例4、一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000071
本实施例的防锈剂制备步骤同实施例1，选取原料聚醚
Figure BDA0002803042890000072
42份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物
Figure BDA0002803042890000073
60份、稀释剂(选用均三甲苯与二氯甲烷的混合物)2.5份，均三甲苯：二氯甲烷的质量比为10：4。
实施例5、一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000074
本实施例的防锈剂制备步骤同实施例2，选取原料聚醚
Figure BDA0002803042890000075
46份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物
Figure BDA0002803042890000081
45份、稀释剂(选用均三甲苯与四氯甲烷的混合物)1.5份，均三甲苯：四氯甲烷的质量比为6：1。
实施例6、一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000082
本实施例的防锈剂制备步骤同实施例1，选取原料聚醚
Figure BDA0002803042890000083
49份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物
Figure BDA0002803042890000084
65份、稀释剂(选用二甲苯与二氯甲烷的混合物)1.5份，二甲苯：二氯甲烷的质量比为7：1。
实施例7、一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000085
本实施例的防锈剂制备步骤同实施例1，选取原料聚醚
Figure BDA0002803042890000086
43份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物
Figure BDA0002803042890000091
55份、稀释剂(选用均三甲苯与三氯甲烷的混合物)1.8份，三甲苯：三氯甲烷的质量比为8：1。
实施例8、一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000092
本实施例的防锈剂制备步骤同实施例1，选取原料聚醚
Figure BDA0002803042890000093
44份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物
Figure BDA0002803042890000094
52份、稀释剂(选用甲苯与三氯甲烷的混合物)2.8份，甲苯：三氯甲烷的质量比为9：1。
实施例9、一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000095
本实施例的防锈剂制备步骤同实施例3，选取原料聚醚
Figure BDA0002803042890000096
47份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物
Figure BDA0002803042890000101
58份、稀释剂(选用二甲苯与二氯甲烷的混合物)1.8份，二甲苯：二氯甲烷的质量比为10：1。
实施例10、一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000102
本实施例的防锈剂制备步骤同实施例1，选取原料聚醚
Figure BDA0002803042890000103
41份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物
Figure BDA0002803042890000104
59份、稀释剂(选用甲苯与四氯甲烷的混合物)2.8份，甲苯：四氯甲烷的质量比为10：4。
实施例11、一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000105
本实施例的防锈剂制备步骤同实施例1，选取原料聚醚
Figure BDA0002803042890000106
43份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物
Figure BDA0002803042890000107
47份、稀释剂(选用均三甲苯与二氯甲烷的混合物)2.2份，均三甲苯：二氯甲烷的质量比为7：3。
实施例12、一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000111
本实施例的防锈剂制备步骤同实施例1，选取原料聚醚
Figure BDA0002803042890000112
48份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物
Figure BDA0002803042890000113
51份、稀释剂(选用甲苯与二氯甲烷的混合物)2.5份，甲苯：二氯甲烷的质量比为5：1。
实施例13、一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000114
本实施例的防锈剂制备步骤同实施例1，选取原料聚醚
Figure BDA0002803042890000115
46份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物
Figure BDA0002803042890000116
62份、稀释剂(选用甲苯与三氯甲烷的混合物)2.5份，甲苯：三氯甲烷的质量比为7：2。
实施例14、一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000121
本实施例的防锈剂制备步骤同实施例1，选取原料聚醚
Figure BDA0002803042890000122
46份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物
Figure BDA0002803042890000123
53份、稀释剂(选用甲苯与四氯甲烷的混合物)2份，甲苯：四氯甲烷的质量比为8：3。
实施例15、一种抗磨剂，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure BDA0002803042890000124
本实施例的防锈剂制备步骤同实施例1，选取原料聚醚
Figure BDA0002803042890000125
48份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物
Figure BDA0002803042890000126
66份、稀释剂(选用二甲苯与二氯甲烷的混合物)3份，二甲苯：二氯甲烷的质量比为9：5。
对比实验：
选用现有常用抗磨剂：二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯(ADTC)、二烷基二硫代磷酸酯(ADDP)作为对比抗磨剂。
1、四球实验：根据ASTM D2783-2003(2014)《测量润滑液极压性能的标准试验方法》,以及ASTM D2596-1997(2002)e1《润滑脂极压性能的标准试验方法》考查本发明化合物与现有抗磨剂的抗磨特性，四球实验条件为转速1770r/min，时间10s；特性指标分别为PB和PD值，数据越小，代表抗磨性能越好。
2、减磨实验：使用MTM测试添加剂的减磨特性。实验条件：MTM试验机采用“球-盘”(52100钢)接触方式，载荷35N，滑动/滚动比50％，测量温度40℃，数据越小，代表减磨性能越好。
3、清净性实验：采用SH/T0269-92方法进行，结果分为0-6号共七级。0号最清洁，颜色最浅，6号最脏，颜色最深，号数越小，清净性越好。
检测结果
Figure BDA0002803042890000131
Figure BDA0002803042890000141
从表中可以得知，本发明化合物的抗磨性远远优于传统抗磨剂，同时具有较好的减磨和清净性能。

Claims (7)

1.一种抗磨剂，其特征在于，为以下结构的化合物:
Figure FDA0003848704450000011
式中，m＝0～50,n＝0～50，m、n不同时为零，R1为C1～C15的烷烃，R2为氢或甲基，R3为C2～C15的烷烃，R为
Figure FDA0003848704450000012
Figure FDA0003848704450000013
中的一种，其中X为F、Cl、Br中的一种，且X连接在苯环上的1、2、3位中的任意位置，r1为1～3的任意整数，r2为0～2的任意整数，r为1～3的任意整数；m、n、r为整数，且满足电荷平衡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗磨剂，其特征在于，所述R1为C1～C5的烷烃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗磨剂，其特征在于，所述R3为C2～C5的烷烃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗磨剂，其特征在于，R为
Figure FDA0003848704450000014
Figure FDA0003848704450000021
中的一种，且X连接在苯环上的1位，X为F，r为3，r1为1，r2为1。
5.一种权利要求1所述的抗磨剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
A、称取原料：聚醚40-50份、含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物40-70份、稀释剂1-3份；其中所述含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物选自带有
Figure FDA0003848704450000022
Figure FDA0003848704450000023
基团中的任意一种，其中X为F、Cl、Br中的一种，且X连接在苯环上的1、2、3位中的任意位置，r为1～3的任意整数，r1为1～3的任意整数，r2为0～2的任意整数；
B、将40-70份含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物溶解于1-3份稀释剂中，保持温度40-50℃，搅拌20-40分钟，制备成溶液1；
C、将溶液1以0.1～1mL/分钟的速率滴加到40-50份聚醚中，滴加完后，升温至50-90℃，老化1.5～2小时，得到抗磨剂。
6.根据权利要求5中所述抗磨剂的制备方法，其特征在于，含有异氰酸酯的羰基化合物选自带有
Figure FDA0003848704450000024
Figure FDA0003848704450000031
基团中的一种，且X连接在苯环上的1位，X为F，r为3，r1为1，r2为1。
7.根据权利要求5中所述的抗磨剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述稀释剂为溶剂A与溶剂B的混合物，其中溶剂A：溶剂B的质量比为(5～10):(1～5)，溶剂A选自苯、甲苯、二甲苯、均三甲苯中的任意一种；溶剂B选自二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯甲烷中的任意一种。
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