CN112549247B - Production method of 3D printing exterior wall cladding - Google Patents
Production method of 3D printing exterior wall cladding Download PDFInfo
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- CN112549247B CN112549247B CN202011388357.3A CN202011388357A CN112549247B CN 112549247 B CN112549247 B CN 112549247B CN 202011388357 A CN202011388357 A CN 202011388357A CN 112549247 B CN112549247 B CN 112549247B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/14—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by simple casting, the material being neither forcibly fed nor positively compacted
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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Abstract
The invention relates to a 3D printing production method of an exterior wall cladding, and belongs to the technical field of building component manufacturing. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a digital printing model; determining the mixing proportion of the mortar materials, and adjusting the printing process to print to form the outline of the groove; performing steam curing, and putting the formed first layer of reinforcing mesh; pouring a first layer of concrete, leveling, paving a heat insulation board before initial setting of the first layer of concrete, and compacting after paving the heat insulation board to form a heat insulation layer; laying a second layer of reinforcing mesh on the heat insulation plate, and pouring a second layer of concrete on the upper surface of the heat insulation plate; and before the final setting of the second layer of concrete, printing to form an external mortar layer, and printing to realize diversified external facade effects. The invention replaces the traditional steel die for production, and achieves the purposes of reducing the cost and the amortization of the die, saving resources and protecting the environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a production method of a hanging plate, in particular to a production method of a 3D printing exterior wall hanging plate, and belongs to the technical field of building component manufacturing.
Background
At present, the assembly type building in China is in a rapid development stage, and the assembly type frame structure must completely replace the traditional concrete cast-in-place structure. A large number of non-bearing walls are arranged in the assembly type frame structure, and the prefabricated sandwich outer wall-hanging plate has the advantages of integrating multiple performances of water resistance, fire resistance, heat preservation and the like and is widely applied to the assembly type frame structure.
In recent years, the 3D printing technology in China is changing day by day, and buildings full of artistic sense are continuously shown in front of the people. 3D printing has the advantage of not using a template, can directly input data into a computer, can manufacture templates with any complex shapes, obviously reduces the amortization of the die on one hand, and can realize the manufacture of various complex components on the other hand. 3D prints and has the rapid simultaneously, the greenization advantage. All the advantages of the building material accord with the requirements of green buildings, and the building material has better development prospect.
The traditional sandwich external wallboard production mold generally adopts a steel mold, and the diversification of the mold is caused due to the small monomer amount of the frame structure and the diversification of the external vertical surface, and the turnover frequency is less. Further, the cost of die amortization for the production cost of the component is increased, and resource waste and environmental pollution are caused. And the processing and manufacturing of the external wall panel with the complex facade effect are restricted by the characteristics of the steel mould.
The 3D printing technology of the externally-hanging wall panel is applied to the production of the sandwich externally-hanging wall panel, the outline of the externally-hanging wall panel can be directly printed to replace a steel die, and the die amortization cost of the component cost is reduced to zero. In addition, the 3D printing technology can realize the personalized and diversified facade effect of the components, meet the pursuit of people for building personalization and multi-style and show the building beauty more generally. Moreover, the application of building steel can be obviously reduced, the waste of natural resources is reduced, and the development of green buildings is further promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a 3D printing production method of an exterior wall cladding, which is used for solving the problems of high mold cost, resource waste and insufficient diversification and individuation of building components.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A3D printing production method of an exterior wall cladding comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, inputting outline parameters and dimensions of a sandwich external wall panel to be printed into a computer, and establishing a digital printing model;
step two: determining the mixing proportion of mortar materials required by the printing contour, and adjusting the printing process to print to form a groove-shaped contour; the printing process comprises a printing path, a printing speed, a printing diameter and a printing layer number; the mortar material comprises: 42.5R portland cement, stone aggregate with the grain diameter of 0.25-0.5 mm and an admixture, wherein the water-cement ratio is 0.40-0.45;
step three: after the printing of the outline is finished, carrying out steam curing, after the curing is finished, when the strength of the test block under the same conditions is 75% of the designed strength of the mortar, placing the formed first layer of reinforcing mesh in the printed outline, positioning the first layer of reinforcing mesh, and placing and fixing the embedded part;
step four: pouring a first layer of concrete in the printed outline, and leveling the concrete after pouring; after leveling is finished, laying a heat insulation board before the first layer of concrete is initially set, and compacting after laying the heat insulation board to form a heat insulation layer;
step five: laying a second layer of reinforcing mesh on the heat insulation plate, arranging the bound second layer of reinforcing mesh on the upper surface of the laid heat insulation plate, binding a connecting piece, connecting the first layer of reinforcing mesh, the second layer of reinforcing mesh and the heat insulation plate between the first layer of reinforcing mesh and the second layer of reinforcing mesh, arranging and fixing embedded parts, and connecting and fixing the embedded parts on the upper surface and the lower surface of the heat insulation plate together, so that the hoisting and installation of the external wall panel at the later stage are facilitated; the connecting piece adopts an FRP sandwich heat-insulation drawknot piece, and the mechanical property parameters are as follows: tensile strength of 650-800MP, tensile modulus of 40-45GPa, shear strength of 28-35MP and compressive strength of 300-400 MP;
step six: pouring a second layer of concrete on the upper surface of the heat insulation plate, pouring a second layer of reinforcing mesh in the concrete, and pouring the second layer of concrete to a position with the elevation 1.5-2.5cm away from the designed thickness of the outline of the sandwich external wall panel; the thickness of the second layer of concrete is larger than that of the first layer of concrete;
step seven: before the final setting of the second layer of concrete, inputting the plane dimension parameters of the sandwich external wall panel into a computer, and adjusting the mortar proportion; setting a printing path, a printing speed and a printing diameter, printing and supplementing the thickness of the residual 1.5-2.5cm of wallboard to the designed thickness to form an external mortar layer with the thickness of 1.5-2.5cm, and printing to realize diversified external facade effects; and the material used by the external mortar layer is the same as the mortar material used in the second step.
Further, in the second step, the admixture comprises an accelerator, a water reducer and an early strength agent.
Furthermore, the first layer of reinforcing mesh and the second layer of reinforcing mesh both adopt single-layer phi 8mm reinforcing steel bars with the interval of 150 mm.
Furthermore, the embedded part is a rectangular embedded part, the length of which is 350-.
Further, the outline of the groove type formed by printing is a right-angled triangle or quadrilateral outline; the thickness of each side of the outline formed by printing is equal or unequal.
Further, the thickness of the hypotenuse of the right triangle profile is greater than or equal to the thickness of the cathetus thereof.
Furthermore, the thicknesses of the bevel edge and the right-angle edge are 25-35 mm; the thickness of the bottom surface of the outline is 20-30 mm.
Further, the thicknesses of the first layer of concrete and the second layer of concrete are 35-45mm and 30-40mm respectively, the thickness of the heat preservation plate is 70-90mm, and the thickness of the external mortar layer is 15-30 mm.
Further, chamfering printing processing is carried out at each corner of the outline formed by printing.
Furthermore, the connecting pieces on the exterior wall cladding are at least 4 groups, and the embedded pieces on the upper surface and the lower surface of the heat-insulating plate are at least 2 groups.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the production method of the 3D printing exterior wall cladding, the 3D printing technology is applied to the structure in the production of the prefabricated sandwich exterior wall cladding, a steel die for traditional production is replaced, the purposes of reducing the cost and amortization of the die, saving resources and protecting the environment are achieved, meanwhile, the diversification and individuation of the assembly type building are realized, and the production method has wide application prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section view of a 3D printed exterior wall cladding of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the first layer of reinforcing mesh laid in the outline of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the printed 3D printed exterior wall cladding facade.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying figures 1-4.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the method for producing the 3D printed exterior wall cladding comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, inputting the outline parameters and dimensions of the sandwich external wall panel to be printed into a computer, and establishing a digital printing model.
Step two: and determining the mixing proportion of mortar materials required by the well-printed outline, and adjusting the printing process to print to form the groove-shaped outline 1. In this embodiment, the printed groove-shaped outline 1 is a right-angled triangle outline, the thicknesses of the sides of the printed outline 1 are equal, the thickness of the hypotenuse is equal to the thickness of the right-angled side, which is 30mm, and the thickness of the bottom surface of the outline 1 is 25 mm. And performing chamfer printing processing at each corner of the outline profile 1 formed by printing. The printing process comprises a printing path, a printing speed, a printing diameter and a printing layer number. The mortar material comprises: 42.5R Portland cement, stone aggregate with the grain diameter of 0.25-0.5 mm and an admixture, wherein the water-cement ratio is 0.42. The additives comprise an accelerating agent, a water reducing agent and an early strength agent.
Step three: and after the printing of the outline 1 is finished, carrying out steam curing, after the curing is finished, when the strength of the test block under the same conditions is 75% of the designed strength of the mortar, placing the formed first layer of reinforcing mesh 2 in the printed outline 1, positioning the first layer of reinforcing mesh 2, and placing and fixing 2 groups of embedded parts 9, as shown in fig. 2-3. The first layer of reinforcing mesh 2 adopts a single layer of reinforcing steel bars with phi 8mm and the interval of 150 mm.
Step four: and pouring a first layer of concrete 3 in the printed outline 1, and leveling the concrete after pouring. After the leveling is finished, the heat insulation board 7 is laid before the initial setting of the first layer of concrete 3, and the heat insulation board 7 is compacted after the laying is finished to form a heat insulation layer.
Step five: and a second layer of reinforcing mesh 5 is laid on the heat insulation plate 7, and a single layer of reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 8mm and the interval of 150mm is adopted as the second layer of reinforcing mesh 5. The tied second layer of reinforcing mesh 5 is arranged on the upper surface of the laid heat-insulation board 7, 4 groups of connecting pieces 8 are bound, the first layer of reinforcing mesh 2, the second layer of reinforcing mesh 5 and the heat-insulation board 7 between the first layer of reinforcing mesh and the second layer of reinforcing mesh are connected together, 2 groups of embedded parts 9 are arranged and fixed, and the embedded parts 9 on the upper surface and the lower surface of the heat-insulation board 7 are connected and fixed together, so that the hoisting and installation of the external wall panel in the later period are facilitated. The connecting piece 8 adopts an FRP sandwich heat-preservation drawknot piece, and the mechanical property parameters are as follows: tensile strength 700MP, tensile modulus 42GPa, shear strength 30MP and compressive strength 350 MP.
Step six: and pouring a second layer of concrete 4 on the upper surface of the heat insulation plate 7, pouring a second layer of reinforcing mesh 5 in the concrete, and pouring the second layer of concrete 4 to the position 2cm away from the designed thickness of the outline 1 of the sandwich external wall panel. And the thickness of the second layer of concrete 4 is greater than that of the first layer of concrete 3.
Step seven: before the final setting of the second layer of concrete 4, the plane dimension parameters of the sandwich external wall panel are input into a computer, and the mortar proportion is adjusted. Set for printing route, printing speed and printing diameter, print the replenishment to design thickness with remaining 2cm wallboard thickness, form the outside mortar layer 6 behind 2cm to print and realize diversified outer facade effect. Wherein, the material of the external mortar layer 6 is the same as the mortar material used in the second step. The resulting overall profile and the outer facade are shown in figures 1 and 4, respectively.
In this embodiment, the embedded part 9 is a rectangular embedded part, and has a length of 400mm and a width of 200 mm. The thickness of first layer concrete 3 and second floor concrete 4 is 40mm and 35mm respectively, and heated board 7 thickness is 80mm, and 6 thickness on outside mortar layer are 20 mm.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only given for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not meant to be limiting, and variations of the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the common general knowledge in the art are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A3D printing production method of an exterior wall cladding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, inputting outline parameters and dimensions of a sandwich external wall panel to be printed into a computer, and establishing a digital printing model;
step two: determining the mixing proportion of mortar materials required by the printing contour, and adjusting the printing process to print to form a groove-shaped contour (1); the printing process comprises a printing path, a printing speed, a printing diameter and a printing layer number; the mortar material comprises: 42.5R portland cement, stone aggregate with the grain diameter of 0.25-0.5 mm and an admixture, wherein the water-cement ratio is 0.40-0.45;
step three: after the printing of the outline (1) is finished, steam curing is carried out, when the strength of the test block under the same condition reaches 75% of the designed strength of the mortar after the curing is finished, a formed first layer of reinforcing mesh (2) is placed in the printed outline (1), meanwhile, the first layer of reinforcing mesh (2) is positioned, and embedded parts (9) are placed and fixed;
step four: pouring a first layer of concrete (3) in the printed outline (1), and leveling the concrete after pouring; after leveling is finished, laying the heat insulation board (7) before the first layer of concrete (3) is initially set, and compacting after laying the heat insulation board (7) to form a heat insulation layer;
step five: laying a second layer of reinforcing mesh (5) on the heat insulation plate (7), arranging the bound second layer of reinforcing mesh (5) on the upper surface of the laid heat insulation plate (7), binding a connecting piece (8), connecting the first layer of reinforcing mesh (2) with the second layer of reinforcing mesh (5) and the heat insulation plate (7) between the first layer of reinforcing mesh and the second layer of reinforcing mesh, arranging and fixing an embedded part (9), and connecting and fixing the embedded parts (9) on the upper surface and the lower surface of the heat insulation plate (7) together, so that the later-period hanging wall plate can be conveniently hoisted and installed; the connecting piece (8) adopts an FRP sandwich heat-preservation drawknot piece, and the mechanical property parameters are as follows: tensile strength of 650-800MP, tensile modulus of 40-45GPa, shear strength of 28-35MP and compressive strength of 300-400 MP;
step six: pouring a second layer of concrete (4) on the upper surface of the heat insulation plate (7), pouring the concrete into the second layer of reinforcing mesh (5), and pouring the second layer of concrete (4) to a position with the elevation 1.5-2.5cm away from the designed thickness of the outline (1) of the sandwich external wall panel; the thickness of the second layer of concrete (4) is larger than that of the first layer of concrete (3);
step seven: before the second layer of concrete (4) is finally set, inputting the plane dimension parameters of the sandwich external wall panel into a computer, and adjusting the mortar proportion; setting a printing path, a printing speed and a printing diameter, printing and supplementing the thickness of the residual 1.5-2.5cm wallboard to the designed thickness to form an external mortar layer (6) with the thickness of 1.5-2.5cm, and printing to realize diversified external facade effects; wherein the material used for the external mortar layer (6) is the same as the mortar material used in the second step.
2. The production method of the 3D printing exterior wall cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the admixture comprises an accelerator, a water reducer and an early strength agent.
3. The production method of the 3D printing exterior wall cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first layer of reinforcing mesh (2) and the second layer of reinforcing mesh (5) both adopt single-layer phi 8mm reinforcing steel bars with the interval of 150 mm.
4. The production method of the 3D printing exterior wall cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the embedded part (9) is a rectangular embedded part, the length of which is 350-450mm, and the width of which is 150-250 mm.
5. The production method of the 3D printing exterior wall cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the printed groove-shaped outline (1) is a right-angled triangle or quadrilateral outline; the thickness of each side of the outline (1) formed by printing is equal or unequal.
6. The production method of the 3D printing exterior wall cladding according to claim 5, characterized in that: the thickness of the hypotenuse of the outline of the right triangle is larger than or equal to the thickness of the right-angle side.
7. The production method of the 3D printed exterior wall cladding according to claim 6, characterized in that: the thicknesses of the bevel edge and the right-angle edge are 25-35 mm; the thickness of the bottom surface of the outline (1) is 20-30 mm.
8. The production method of the 3D printing exterior wall cladding according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the first layer of concrete (3) and the thickness of the second layer of concrete (4) are respectively 35-45mm and 30-40mm, the thickness of the heat insulation plate (7) is 70-90mm, and the thickness of the external mortar layer (6) is 15-30 mm.
9. The production method of the 3D printing exterior wall cladding according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein: and (4) performing chamfer printing processing at each corner of the outline (1) formed by printing.
10. The production method of the 3D printed exterior wall cladding according to claim 6, characterized in that: the connecting pieces (8) on the exterior wall cladding are at least 4 groups, and the embedded pieces (9) on the upper surface and the lower surface of the heat insulation board (7) are at least 2 groups.
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| CN114274306A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 安徽富煌建筑科技有限公司 | Production process of prefabricated steel structure exterior wall cladding |
| CN114656225B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-09-23 | 东南大学 | Method for preparing 3D printing concrete |
| CN114939929A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-26 | 上海建工建材科技集团股份有限公司 | Construction method of concrete 3D printing disassembly-free formwork prefabricated slab |
| CN114809382B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2024-01-30 | 盈创新材料(苏州)有限公司 | The method comprises the following steps of: 3D (three-dimensional) 3D (D) manufacturing method 3D prints wall body |
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| CN106193374B (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2018-03-30 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | The preparation method of 3D printing reinforced masonry shear wall |
| CN104532986B (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2017-10-31 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | 3D printing internal partition wall and its construction method |
| CN206646680U (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-11-17 | 姚春胜 | A kind of modular assembly formula wall |
| CN107825560B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2023-06-09 | 中南大学 | 3D printed composite concrete track plate and prefabricating method thereof |
| CN108178582B (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2020-08-18 | 同济大学 | Layered bionic building component suitable for 3D printing and preparation method thereof |
| CN208415676U (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2019-01-22 | 北京泽昌盛建筑科技有限公司 | A kind of complex heat-preservation double steel bar network frame plate with sheet metal |
| CN109610679A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-04-12 | 南京绿色增材智造研究院有限公司 | A kind of 3D printing wall and processing method for going along with sb. to guard him constructional column with embedded type |
| CN110014497A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-07-16 | 美好建筑装配科技有限公司 | A kind of sandwich heat preservation overlapping load-bearing wall panel and its production technology |
| WO2020204966A1 (en) * | 2019-03-31 | 2020-10-08 | Sunconomy, Llc | Method and system for 3d printing a concrete structure |
| CN110978211A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-10 | 建研科技股份有限公司 | Sandwich heat-insulation superposed shear wall prefabricated part and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111136760B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-11-19 | 南京嘉翼数字化增材技术研究院有限公司 | 3D printing arc-shaped wall manufacturing process |
| RU2728081C1 (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-07-28 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" (КазГАСУ) | Reinforced concrete wall erection method by 3d printing method |
| CN111993532A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-27 | 重庆纤维研究设计院股份有限公司 | Concrete prefabricated outer wall containing insulation board and preparation method thereof |
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