CN112547042A - 一种2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种2‑氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法。本发明的制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)准备A料、B料、C料,所述A料中包括钛白粉、氧化铝和田菁粉,所述B料中包括草酸、偏钒酸铵、钼酸铵和去离子水;所述C料中包括草酸、草酸铵、三氧化二锑和去离子水;(2)将A料、B料、C料分别进行预处理;(3)将预处理的B料与C料混合后搅拌20min;(4)将步骤(3)B料、C料混合料加入到预处理的A料中,用捏合机捏合1‑2h;(5)挤条成型,烘干,通气条件下焙烧,即制得所述2‑氰基吡啶催化剂。本发明制备的催化剂能够提高2‑氰基吡啶的选择性和产率,且制备成本低廉。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂加工技术领域,特别是涉及一种2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
芳香族氰基化合物(芳香腈)是生产农药、香料、医药、燃料添加剂等的重要原料,它能通过水解、加氢、聚合等反应获得酰胺、羧酸、有机胺、功能材料等精细化学品。2-氰基吡啶是重要的化工原料和有机中间体,广泛用于农药、食品、饲料添加剂等精细化工行业,通过2-氰基吡啶合成的新型除草剂毒莠定具有用量少,选择性高,毒性低,在土壤和植物中的残留少、残留期短的特点。2-氰基吡啶可用于合成吡啶甲酸铬,目前已基本应用到养殖业中,并取得了较为理想的应用效果及经济效益。
目前以ɑ-VOPO4为催化剂,在430℃下对2-甲基吡啶进行氨氧化,使其转化成2-氰基吡啶,2-甲基吡啶的转化率虽然高达90%,但是2-氰基吡啶的产率仅为61%。
发明内容
基于上述问题,本发明的目的是提供了一种2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,该催化剂能够提高合成反应中2-氰基吡啶的选择性,进而提高2-氰基吡啶的产率。
本发明的2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)准备A料、B料、C料,所述A料中包括钛白粉、氧化铝和田菁粉,所述B料中包括草酸、偏钒酸铵、钼酸铵和去离子水;所述C料中包括草酸、草酸铵、三氧化二锑和去离子水;
(2)A料、B料、C料预处理,将A料使用捏合机捏合1-2h;将B料在50-60℃的条件下搅拌0.5-1h;将C料在60-70℃的条件下搅拌0.5-1h;
(3)将预处理的B料与C料混合后搅拌20min;
(4)将步骤(3)B料、C料混合料加入到预处理的A料中,用捏合机捏合1-2h;
(5)挤条成型,烘干,通气条件下焙烧,即制得所述2-氰基吡啶催化剂。
优选的,所述A料中钛白粉、氧化铝和田菁粉的物质的量比为2-4:1:0.05-0.2。
优选的,所述B料是将草酸、偏钒酸铵、钼酸铵和去离子水混合,再调整混合溶液的pH至3,其中草酸、偏钒酸铵、钼酸铵和去离子水的质量比为1-3:1-4:1:3-10。
优选的,所述C料是先将草酸、草酸铵、三氧化二锑和去离子水混合,再用调整混合液的pH值至4,其中草酸、草酸铵、三氧化二锑和去离子水的质量比为20-50:1-3:1-5:1。
进一步优选的,本发明采用浓度为65%的硝酸调整B料和C料中混合溶液的pH值。
优选的,步骤(5)所述烘干温度为80-130℃,烘干时间为2-8h。
优选的,步骤(5)所述焙烧温度为560-750℃,焙烧时间为4-8h。
优选的,步骤(5)焙烧时需要通入气体,所述气体为空气和氮气的混合气体。
进一步优选的,所述空气和氮气的体积比为1:1-5。更优选的,步骤(5)所述气体的流速为150mL/h。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:本发明提供了一种2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,该制备方法新颖独特、构思巧妙,所制备的催化剂能够提高2-氰基吡啶的选择性和产率,且制备成本低廉。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将3150g钛白粉、882g氧化铝和90g田菁粉混合,得到A料,并将A料使用捏合机捏合2h;
(2)将452.2g草酸、456.75g偏钒酸铵、270.4钼酸铵和1050g去离子水在50℃的条件下搅拌并滴加浓度为65%硝酸至pH=3,得到B料,将B料在该温度下继续搅拌1h;
(3)将31.5g草酸、42g草酸铵、13.44g三氧化二锑和315g去离子水在60℃的条件下搅拌并滴加浓度为65%硝酸至pH=4,得到C料,将C料在该温度下继续1h;
(4)将步骤(2)处理后的B料与步骤(3)处理后的C料混合后搅拌20min;
(5)将步骤(4)的B料、C料混合料加入到步骤(1)处理后的A料中,用捏合机捏合2h;
将2-甲基吡啶,水经过汽化器在200℃温度下汽化,与氨和空气混合,进入装填有所述催化剂的管式固定床反应器中,反应温度控制在400℃,2-甲基吡啶转化率为90%,选择性为85%,收率为86.1%。
实施例2
一种2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将3150g钛白粉、882g氧化铝和90g田菁粉混合,得到A料,并将A料使用捏合机捏合2h;
(2)将452.2g草酸、456.75g偏钒酸铵、270.4钼酸铵和1050g去离子水在50℃的条件下搅拌并滴加浓度为65%硝酸至pH=3,得到B料,将B料在该温度下继续搅拌1h;
(3)将31.5g草酸、42g草酸铵、13.44g三氧化二锑和315g去离子水在70℃的条件下搅拌并滴加浓度为65%硝酸至pH=4,得到C料,将C料在该温度下继续1h;
(4)将步骤(2)处理后的B料与步骤(3)处理后的C料混合后搅拌20min;
(5)将步骤(4)的B料、C料混合料加入到步骤(1)处理后的A料中,用捏合机捏合2h;
将2-甲基吡啶,水经过汽化器在200℃温度下汽化,与氨和空气混合,进入装填有所述催化剂的管式固定床反应器中。反应温度控制在400℃,2-甲基吡啶转化率为91%,选择性为87%,收率为86.3%。
实施例3
一种2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将3150g钛白粉、882g氧化铝和90g田菁粉混合,得到A料,并将A料使用捏合机捏合2h;
(2)将452.2g草酸、456.75g偏钒酸铵、270.4钼酸铵和1050g去离子水在50℃的条件下搅拌并滴加浓度为65%硝酸至pH=3,得到B料,将B料在该温度下继续搅拌1h;
(3)将31.5g草酸、42g草酸铵、13.44g三氧化二锑和315g去离子水在70℃的条件下搅拌并滴加浓度为65%硝酸至pH=4,得到C料,将C料在该温度下继续1h;
(4)将步骤(2)处理后的B料与步骤(3)处理后的C料混合后搅拌20min;
(5)将步骤(4)的B料、C料混合料加入到步骤(1)处理后的A料中,用捏合机捏合2h;
将2-甲基吡啶,水经过汽化器在200℃温度下汽化,与氨和空气混合,进入装填有所述催化剂的管式固定床反应器中。反应温度控制在400℃,2-甲基吡啶转化率89%,选择性为82.1%,收率为83.4%。
实施例4
一种2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将3150g钛白粉、882g氧化铝和90g田菁粉混合,得到A料,并将A料使用捏合机捏合2h;
(2)将452.2g草酸、456.75g偏钒酸铵、270.4钼酸铵和1050g去离子水在50℃的条件下搅拌并滴加浓度为65%硝酸至pH=3,得到B料,将B料在该温度下继续搅拌1h;
(3)将31.5g草酸、42g草酸铵、13.44g三氧化二锑和315g去离子水在70℃的条件下搅拌并滴加浓度为65%硝酸至pH=4,得到C料,将C料在该温度下继续1h;
(4)将步骤(2)处理后的B料与步骤(3)处理后的C料混合后搅拌20min;
(5)将步骤(4)的B料、C料混合料加入到步骤(1)处理后的A料中,用捏合机捏合2h;
将2-甲基吡啶,水经过汽化器在200℃温度下汽化,与氨和空气混合,进入装填有所述催化剂的管式固定床反应器中。反应温度控制在400℃,2-甲基吡啶转化率为90.3%,选择性为86.4%,收率为85%。
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (10)
1.一种2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)准备A料、B料、C料,所述A料中包括钛白粉、氧化铝和田菁粉,所述B料中包括草酸、偏钒酸铵、钼酸铵和去离子水;所述C料中包括草酸、草酸铵、三氧化二锑和去离子水;
(2)A料、B料、C料预处理,将A料使用捏合机捏合1-2h;将B料在50-60℃的条件下搅拌0.5-1h;将C料在60-70℃的条件下搅拌0.5-1h;
(3)将预处理的B料与C料混合后搅拌20min;
(4)将步骤(3)B料、C料混合料加入到预处理的A料中,用捏合机捏合1-2h;
(5)挤条成型,烘干,通气条件下焙烧,即制得所述2-氰基吡啶催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述A料中钛白粉、氧化铝和田菁粉的质量比为2-4:1:0.05-0.2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述B料是将草酸、偏钒酸铵、钼酸铵和去离子水混合,再调整混合溶液的pH至3,其中草酸、偏钒酸铵、钼酸铵和去离子水的质量比为1-3:1-4:1:3-10。
4.根据权利要求1所述的2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述C料是先将草酸、草酸铵、三氧化二锑和去离子水混合,再调整混合液的pH值至4,其中草酸、草酸铵、三氧化二锑和去离子水的质量比为20-50:1-3:1-5:1。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,采用浓度为65%的硝酸调整B料和C料混合溶液的pH值。
6.根据权利要求1所述的2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)所述烘干温度为80-130℃,烘干时间为2-8h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)所述焙烧温度为560-750℃,焙烧时间为4-8h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)焙烧时需要通入气体,所述气体为空气和氮气的混合气体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述空气和氮气的体积比为1:1-5。
10.根据权利要求9所述的2-氰基吡啶催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)所述气体的流速为150mL/h。
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