CN112544820A - Preparation method of feed for promoting growth and development of procambarus clarkii - Google Patents
Preparation method of feed for promoting growth and development of procambarus clarkii Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of shrimp feed preparation, and discloses a preparation method of a feed for promoting the growth and development of procambarus clarkia, which comprises the following steps: white fish meal, soybean meal, fish oil, soybean lecithin, flour, bran, earthworm powder, vitamin and mineral premix, monocalcium phosphate, choline chloride, ecdysone, dextrin and algin. 3 to 4 percent of soybean phospholipid is added into the feed, so that the body length, the weight growth rate and the characteristic growth rate of the procambarus clarkia larvae can be effectively improved, the feed coefficient is reduced, the survival rate of the procambarus clarkia larvae is improved, and the growth of the procambarus clarkia larvae is accelerated; the digestive enzyme activity and the oxidation resistance of the procambarus clarkia can be obviously improved by adding 3 percent of soybean phospholipid; 3% -4% of soybean phospholipid has important effects on promoting the development of the ovary of procambarus clarkii, improving the ovarian index, increasing the diameter of the oocyte, accelerating the synthesis and accumulation of the phosvitin and promoting the maturation of the oocyte.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shrimp feed preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a feed for promoting the growth and development of procambarus clarkia.
Background
At present, Procambarus clarkii (Procambarus clarkii) is commonly known as freshwater crayfish, genus Crustacea (Crustacea), Decapoda (Decapoda), Crataceae (Cambardadae), Procambarus (Procambarus). In recent years, the crayfish industry in China is rapidly developed, the crayfish breeding area in the whole country in 2018 is more than 1680 million mu, the total output reaches 163.87 million tons, and the total economic value created by the crayfish breeding area is more than 3690 million yuan. Its rapid growth and maturation and ability to adapt to seasonal waters make it commercially valuable and make it the world's dominant freshwater shrimp.
The phospholipid is used as an essential additive of aquatic animal feed, has very important function, and the crustacean can synthesize the phospholipid by itself, but the phospholipid synthesized by the organism by itself is not enough to support the growth requirement of the crustacean, so that the phospholipid needs to be supplemented to meet the growth requirement of the crustacean in the culture process. The proper amount of phospholipid nutrition is added into the feed, so that the growth and development of fishes, shrimps and crabs can be effectively promoted, the feed has important effects on the growth rate, the survival rate, the tolerance and the like of the larvae and the fish, and simultaneously has a certain food calling effect.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the existing feed for the procambarus clarkii can not accelerate the growth speed of the procambarus clarkii, improve the digestion and disease resistance and promote the rapid development of ovaries.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: most of crayfish feeds in the market are common crayfish and crab feeds, the growth, the digestion capacity, the immunity, the ovary development and other system researches and comparisons of crayfish are not specially researched, the pertinence of the feeds is poor, and the problem of special feeds for crayfish cannot be well solved.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the feed utilization rate of crayfish ingestion is improved, the feed is strong in pertinence, the growth speed can be improved, the digestion capability and the immunity are improved, and meanwhile, the rapid development of ovaries is promoted; the research on the effect of the soybean phospholipids on promoting the growth of procambarus clarkia larvae and the development process of ovaries, fills the blank of the addition amount of the soybean phospholipids in the procambarus clarkia feed formula, and has important significance on the development of the procambarus clarkia feed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a feed for promoting the growth and development of procambarus clarkia.
The invention is realized in such a way that the procambarus clarkii feed consists of 20 mass percent of white fish meal, 30 mass percent of soybean meal, 4 mass percent to 3 mass percent of fish oil, 3 mass percent to 4 mass percent of soybean lecithin, 30 mass percent of flour, 5 mass percent of bran, 2 mass percent of earthworm powder, 1.5 mass percent of vitamin and mineral premix, 1.5 mass percent of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2 mass percent of choline chloride, 0.15 mass percent of ecdysone, 1.65 mass percent of dextrin and 1 mass percent of algin.
Further, the vitamin and mineral premix is prepared according to the ratio of 1kg feed: VA12,000IU, respectively; VD34,000KIU, respectively; VE60 mg; VK 315 mg; VB 115 mg; VB 28 mg; VB 620 mg; cyanocobalamin 0.03 mg; calcium pantothenate (40 mg); 1mg of folic acid; 60mg of nicotinic acid; biotin 0.1 mg; VC is 70 mg; 100mg of inositol; mg 100-; i0.65 mg; se is 0.4-I mg; 0.15mg of Co; 300mg of Fe; cu 20-25 mg; mn is 30 mg; 30-120mg of Zn, and filling 1kg of zeolite powder.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the feed for procambarus clarkia, which comprises the steps of:
firstly, preparing feed raw materials according to a proportion, grinding all the feed raw materials into powder with the diameter less than 300um and the aperture of 0.3mm, accurately weighing (to 0.1g), and uniformly mixing in a feed stirrer according to the proportion;
secondly, adding the grease and the distilled water, uniformly mixing again, and uniformly mixing the feed raw materials to form uniform wet dough;
thirdly, processing the mixture into long-strip feed by using a feed machine, and drying the feed for about 2 hours in a dryer (50-60 ℃);
fourthly, processing the long-strip feed into pellet feed with the diameter of 1.5-2.1mm and the length of 1cm by using a feed granulator, packaging the pellet feed by using a plastic packaging bag, making a record, and storing the pellet feed at a low temperature for later use.
Further, the feed is processed into a long-strip feed with the diameter of 2mm by a feed machine and is dried in a dryer.
Further, the long-strip feed is processed into 1cm long pellet feed by a feed granulator.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention researches the influence of soybean phospholipid in the feed on the growth and ovarian development of the procambarus clarkia and the proper addition amount of the soybean phospholipid from the aspects of growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immunoenzyme performance, ovarian development level, vitellin content, ovarian tissue section observation and the like. The result shows that 3 to 4 percent of soybean phospholipid added into the feed can effectively improve the body length, the weight growth rate and the characteristic growth rate of the procambarus clarkia larvae, reduce the feed coefficient, improve the survival rate of the larvae and accelerate the growth of the larvae; the digestive enzyme activity and the oxidation resistance of the procambarus clarkia can be obviously improved by adding 3 percent of soybean phospholipid; 3% -4% of soybean phospholipid has important effects on promoting the development of the ovary of procambarus clarkii, improving the ovarian index, increasing the diameter of the oocyte, accelerating the synthesis and accumulation of the phosvitin and promoting the maturation of the oocyte. In the actual culture process, 3% -4% of soybean phospholipid is added into the feed and scientific culture management is assisted, so that the growth speed of the procambarus clarkia can be increased, the digestion and disease resistance are improved, the rapid development of ovaries is effectively promoted, and the method has great reference significance for healthy culture and seedling breeding of the procambarus clarkia.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a feed for procambarus clarkia according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2(a) is a diagram of the ovarian tissue of groups of test shrimps on day 50, as provided by the example of the present invention.
FIG. 2(b) is a diagram of the ovarian tissues of groups of experimental shrimps on day 80, as provided by the example of the present invention.
In fig. 2(a) and 2 (b): fc. follicular cells; EN. endogenous yolk synthetic phase oocytes; EX. exogenous yolk synthetic-phase oocytes; y. yolk particles; a near mature oocyte.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a feed for promoting the growth and development of procambarus clarkia, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
The procambarus clarkii feed provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises, by mass, 20% of white fish meal, 30% of soybean meal, 4% to 3% of fish oil, 3% to 4% of soybean lecithin, 30% of flour, 5% of bran, 2% of earthworm powder, 1.5% of vitamin and mineral premix, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2% of choline chloride, 0.15% of ecdysone, 1.65% of dextrin and 1% of algin.
The vitamin and mineral premix (1kg feed) provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following components: VA12,000IU, respectively; VD34,000KIU, respectively; VE60 mg; VK 315 mg; VB 115 mg; VB 28 mg; VB 620 mg; cyanocobalamin 0.03 mg; calcium pantothenate (40 mg); 1mg of folic acid; 60mg of nicotinic acid; biotin 0.1 mg; VC is 70 mg; 100mg of inositol; mg 100-; i0.65 mg; se is 0.4-I mg; 0.15mg of Co; 300mg of Fe; cu 20-25 mg; mn is 30 mg; 30-120mg of Zn, and filling 1kg of zeolite powder.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for preparing a feed for promoting the growth and development of procambarus clarkia according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s101: preparing feed raw materials according to a proportion, crushing all the feed raw materials into powder, sieving the powder by a sieve with the aperture of 0.3mm, and uniformly mixing the powder and the sieve in a feed stirrer according to the proportion;
s102: adding oil and water, and mixing. Uniformly mixing the feed raw materials;
s103: processing into long-strip feed with diameter of 2mm by using a feed machine, and drying in a dryer;
s104: processing the long-strip feed into 1cm granular feed by using a feed granulator, packaging the granular feed by using a plastic packaging bag, making a record, and storing the granular feed at a low temperature for later use.
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following experiments.
According to the experiment, the feed added with different soybean phospholipids is used for feeding the procambarus clarkia larvae, the influence of the soybean phospholipids on the growth of the procambarus clarkia larvae is researched through the calculation and analysis of the survival rate, the specific growth rate and the bait coefficient of the experimental shrimps and the continuous recording of the body length growth rate and the body weight growth rate in different time periods, the appropriate addition amount of the soybean phospholipids in the procambarus clarkia feed is determined, and a reference is provided for the research and development of the feed formula of the procambarus clarkia so as to promote the green and healthy culture of the procambarus clarkia.
The experimental feed takes fish oil and soybean lecithin as main fat sources, white fish meal and soybean meal as main protein sources, and inorganic salt, vitamins and the like are supplemented to prepare a basic feed.
The experiment adopts single-factor gradient design, and the experiment is divided into 7 groups which are respectively marked as P1 (0%), P2 (1%), P3 (2%), P4 (3%), P5 (4%), P6 (5%) and P7 (6%), and 100 juvenile shrimps in each group are set for 3 times.
TABLE 1 feed formulation (g/kg)
A. Dextrin, provided by Beijing Shuangxuan microbial culture medium product factory.
B. Vitamin and mineral premix (1kg feed): VA12,000IU, respectively; VD34,000KIU, respectively; VE60 mg; VK 315 mg; VB 115 mg; VB 28 mg; VB 620 mg; cyanocobalamin 0.03 mg; calcium pantothenate (40 mg); 1mg of folic acid; 60mg of nicotinic acid; biotin 0.1 mg; VC is 70 mg; 100mg of inositol; mg 100-; i0.65 mg; se is 0.4-I mg; 0.15mg of Co; 300mg of Fe; cu 20-25 mg; mn is 30 mg; 30-120mg of Zn. Fill up to 1kg with zeolite powder.
C. Soybean powder phospholipids (total phospholipid content > 95%): the acetone insoluble substance is not less than 95%, and is provided by Beijing Meiyasi phospholipid technology Co.
D. Other raw materials are provided by Shanghai Honma feed Co.
After the feeds with the soybean phospholipids in different proportions are fed for 80 days, the growth performance of the procambarus clarkia can be improved by adding the soybean phospholipids into the feeds, and the final total length and the body weight of a test group added with 3% of the soybean phospholipids into the feeds are obviously higher than those of a control group (P is less than 0.05), and respectively reach 7.17cm and 17.88 g. The yield is respectively increased by 0.2cm and 1.91g compared with the control group; the growth rate, the weight growth rate and the specific growth rate of the procambarus clarkii in the 3% and 4% groups are all significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), which respectively reach 65.61%, 409.40%, 2.11% and 55.05%, 412.02% and 2.12%, and are respectively improved by 4.98%, 63.72%, 0.17% and 3.42%, 66.34% and 0.18% compared with the control group.
The activity of the alpha-amylase of the procambarus clarkia and the trypsin and lipase in liver and pancreas tissues of each test group can be obviously improved by adding proper soybean phospholipid into the feed (P is less than 0.05), the activity of three digestive enzymes shows the trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing with the increase of the addition amount of the soybean phospholipid in the feed, wherein the maximum values of 3 percent of the groups are respectively (51.67U/L), (2.06U/g) and (50.06U/g), and the activity is obviously higher than that of a control group (P is less than 0.05); the soybean phospholipid has obvious influence (P is less than 0.05) on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the hepatopancreas tissues of procambarus clarkii and Lysozyme (LSZ) in haemolymph, wherein the MDA content of 2 percent of groups is the lowest, the difference with a control group is obvious (P is less than 0.05), and the difference with other groups is not obvious (P is more than 0.05); CAT activity of the 3% group is the highest (1.80U/ml), which is obviously higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the SOD activity and AOC activity of the 4 percent group are the highest (20.25U/ml and 1.78U/ml), and the difference with other groups is obvious (P is less than 0.05); the LSZ activity of each test group has no significant difference, but the LSZ activity of each test group is higher than that of the control group.
The soybean phospholipid has obvious influence (P is less than 0.05) on both the hepatopancreas index (HSI) and the oophoroma index (GSI) of the procambarus clarkii, the hepatopancreas index shows a trend of descending first and then ascending along with the increase of the addition amount of the soybean phospholipid, the oophoroma index shows an opposite trend, and the lowest and the highest indexes are respectively 7.11 percent and 0.32 percent when 3 percent is added; the soybean phospholipid with the content of 4 percent is added into the feed, so that the diameter of the oocyte can be improved, but no obvious difference exists; the addition of 3% and 4% of soybean phospholipid can obviously improve the phosvitin content (P is less than 0.05) in the hepatopancreas of the procambarus clarkii, and the phosvitin content of the hepatopancreas shows the trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing along with the test time; 3% -4% of soybean phospholipid is added into the feed, so that the conversion of oocytes in ovaries from an endogenous yolk synthesis phase to an exogenous yolk synthesis phase can be obviously promoted, the diameter and the fat drop quantity of the oocytes are increased, and the maturation of the oocytes is promoted.
The influence of the soybean phospholipids in the feed on the growth and ovarian development of the procambarus clarkii and the proper addition amount of the soybean phospholipids are researched from the aspects of growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immunoenzyme performance, ovarian development level, vitellin content, ovarian tissue section observation and the like. The result shows that 3 to 4 percent of soybean phospholipid added into the feed can effectively improve the body length, the weight growth rate and the characteristic growth rate of the procambarus clarkia larvae, reduce the feed coefficient, improve the survival rate of the larvae and accelerate the growth of the larvae; the digestive enzyme activity and the oxidation resistance of the procambarus clarkia can be obviously improved by adding 3 percent of soybean phospholipid; 3% -4% of soybean phospholipid has important effects on promoting the development of the ovary of procambarus clarkii, improving the ovarian index, increasing the diameter of the oocyte, accelerating the synthesis and accumulation of the phosvitin and promoting the maturation of the oocyte. In the actual culture process, 3% -4% of soybean phospholipid is added into the feed and scientific culture management is assisted, so that the growth speed of the procambarus clarkia can be increased, the digestion and disease resistance are improved, the rapid development of ovaries is effectively promoted, and the method has great reference significance for healthy culture and seedling breeding of the procambarus clarkia.
TABLE 2 Procambarus clarkii growth indexes of each test group
TABLE 3 Procambarus clarkii digestive enzyme content
Note: the same row is marked with different letters to indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
TABLE 4 Procambrus clarkii Immunity Activity enzyme content
Note: the same row is marked with different letters to indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
TABLE 5 Effect of each feed group on the hepatopancreas index, gonadal index and egg cell diameter of Procambrus clarkii
Note: the same row is marked with different letters to indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
TABLE 6 content of phosvitin in hepatopancreas of the ovarian developmental stage of Procambarus clarkii (ug/ml) for each feed group
Note: the same row is marked with different letters to indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The feed for the procambarus clarkii is characterized by comprising, by mass, 20% of white fish meal, 30% of soybean meal, 4% to 3% of fish oil, 3% to 4% of soybean lecithin, 30% of flour, 5% of bran, 2% of earthworm powder, 1.5% of vitamin and mineral premix, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.2% of choline chloride, 0.15% of ecdysone, 1.65% of dextrin and 1% of algin.
2. The feed for procambarus clarkii according to claim 1 wherein the vitamin and mineral premix is added to the feed in an amount of 1kg feed: VA12,000 IU; VD 34, 000 KIU; VE60 mg; VK 315 mg; VB 115 mg; VB 28 mg; VB 620 mg; cyanocobalamin 0.03 mg; calcium pantothenate (40 mg); 1mg of folic acid; 60mg of nicotinic acid; biotin 0.1 mg; VC is 70 mg; 100mg of inositol; mg 100-; i0.65 mg; se is 0.4-I mg; 0.15mg of Co; 300mg of Fe; cu 20-25 mg; mn is 30 mg; 30-120mg of Zn, and filling 1kg of zeolite powder.
3. A method of preparing a feed for procambarus clarkii according to claim 1 wherein the method of preparing a feed for procambarus clarkii comprises the steps of:
firstly, preparing feed raw materials in proportion, crushing all the feed raw materials into powder, sieving the powder by a sieve with the aperture of 0.3mm, and uniformly mixing the powder and the sieve in a feed stirrer in proportion;
secondly, adding grease and water, uniformly mixing again, and uniformly mixing the feed raw materials;
thirdly, processing the mixture into a long-strip feed by using a feed machine, and drying the feed in a dryer;
and fourthly, processing the strip-shaped feed into pellet feed by using a feed granulator, packaging the pellet feed by using a plastic package bag, making a record, and storing the pellet feed at a low temperature for later use.
4. The method of preparing a feed for procambarus clarkia according to claim 3 wherein the feed is processed into a feed strip having a diameter of 2mm by a feed machine and dried in a dryer.
5. The method of preparing a feed for procambarus clarkia according to claim 3 wherein the elongated feed is processed into a pellet feed having a length of 1cm by a pellet mill.
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