CN112531172B - 一种锂电池负极材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种锂电池负极材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112531172B
CN112531172B CN202011549393.3A CN202011549393A CN112531172B CN 112531172 B CN112531172 B CN 112531172B CN 202011549393 A CN202011549393 A CN 202011549393A CN 112531172 B CN112531172 B CN 112531172B
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郭亚琴
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种锂电池负极材料及其制备方法，由以下重量份的原料制备所得：钛酸锂粉末10‑15份、二氧化硅气凝胶20‑30份、硫掺杂石墨烯10‑15份、碳纳米管10‑20份、氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液20‑30份、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液3‑7份。本发明采用二氧化硅气凝胶将钛酸锂包裹，并在其表面附着由硫掺杂石墨烯、碳纳米管构成的三维碳结构，内载丰富的通道，易于锂离子在通道中迁移穿梭，嵌入与脱出，大大提高锂离子的充放电比容量，同时其内部大量的空间可以有效的避免负极材料的体积膨胀，而氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液的引入可以对锂离子的快速嵌入和脱出起到缓冲调节作用，延长负极材料的使用寿命。

Description

一种锂电池负极材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及锂电池材料制备领域，具体涉及一种锂电池负极材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池由于其高的能量密度、功率密度、长使用寿命、环境友好等优点，已被广泛应用于移动电子产品中，并已成为混合电动汽车以及纯电动汽车的动力来源。然而，对于其负极材料，商业石墨表现出非常低的容量（375 mAh/g）。而合金化反应（Sn、P、SnO2等）、脱嵌机制（碳材料）和转化反应（ZnO、CoS等）类型的负极材料表现出高容量，但循环和倍率性能差。因此，迫切需要找到具有优异的循环稳定性，长寿命和高倍率性能的负极材料。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种锂电池负极材料及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种锂电池负极材料，由以下重量份的原料制备所得：
钛酸锂粉末10-15份、二氧化硅气凝胶20-30份、硫掺杂石墨烯10-15份、碳纳米管10-20份、氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液20-30份、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液3-7份。
优选地，由以下重量份的原料制备所得：
钛酸锂粉末10份、二氧化硅气凝胶20份、硫掺杂石墨烯10份、碳纳米管 10份、氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液20份、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液3份。
优选地，由以下重量份的原料制备所得：
钛酸锂粉末15份、二氧化硅气凝胶30份、硫掺杂石墨烯15份、碳纳米管 20份、氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液30份、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液7份。
优选地，由以下重量份的原料制备所得：
钛酸锂粉末12.5份、二氧化硅气凝胶25份、硫掺杂石墨烯12.5份、碳纳米管 15份、氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液25份、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液5份。
本发明还提供了上述一种锂电池负极材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、按上述的配方称取各组分；
S2、将称取的钛酸锂粉末、硫掺杂石墨烯、碳纳米管分别超声分散于水中，形成钛酸锂悬浊液、硫掺杂石墨烯悬浊液、碳纳米管悬浊液；
S3、向钛酸锂悬浊液中加入二氧化硅气凝胶，搅拌状态下，待二氧化硅气凝胶吸附完全后，加入硫掺杂石墨烯悬浊液、碳纳米管悬浊液，待二氧化硅气凝胶吸附完全后，烘干，在氮气气氛下，900-950℃煅烧3-4h，得到嵌锂活性材料；
S4、将所得的嵌锂活性材料与氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液充分研磨，混合均匀后，干燥，即得。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
采用二氧化硅气凝胶将钛酸锂包裹，并在其表面附着由硫掺杂石墨烯、碳纳米管构成的三维碳结构，内载丰富的通道，易于锂离子在通道中迁移穿梭，嵌入与脱出，大大提高锂离子的充放电比容量，同时其内部大量的空间可以有效的避免负极材料的体积膨胀，而氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液的引入可以对锂离子的快速嵌入和脱出起到缓冲调节作用，延长负极材料的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种锂电池负极材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、按重量份称取：钛酸锂粉末10份、二氧化硅气凝胶20份、硫掺杂石墨烯10份、碳纳米管 10份、氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液20份、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液3份；
S2、将称取的钛酸锂粉末、硫掺杂石墨烯、碳纳米管分别超声分散于水中，形成钛酸锂悬浊液、硫掺杂石墨烯悬浊液、碳纳米管悬浊液；
S3、向钛酸锂悬浊液中加入二氧化硅气凝胶，搅拌状态下，待二氧化硅气凝胶吸附完全后，加入硫掺杂石墨烯悬浊液、碳纳米管悬浊液，待二氧化硅气凝胶吸附完全后，烘干，在氮气气氛下，900-950℃煅烧3-4h，得到嵌锂活性材料；
S4、将所得的嵌锂活性材料与氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液充分研磨，混合均匀后，干燥，即得。
实施例2
一种锂电池负极材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、按重量份称取：钛酸锂粉末15份、二氧化硅气凝胶30份、硫掺杂石墨烯15份、碳纳米管 20份、氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液30份、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液7份；
S2、将称取的钛酸锂粉末、硫掺杂石墨烯、碳纳米管分别超声分散于水中，形成钛酸锂悬浊液、硫掺杂石墨烯悬浊液、碳纳米管悬浊液；
S3、向钛酸锂悬浊液中加入二氧化硅气凝胶，搅拌状态下，待二氧化硅气凝胶吸附完全后，加入硫掺杂石墨烯悬浊液、碳纳米管悬浊液，待二氧化硅气凝胶吸附完全后，烘干，在氮气气氛下，900-950℃煅烧3-4h，得到嵌锂活性材料；
S4、将所得的嵌锂活性材料与氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液充分研磨，混合均匀后，干燥，即得。
实施例3
一种锂电池负极材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、按重量份称取：钛酸锂粉末12.5份、二氧化硅气凝胶25份、硫掺杂石墨烯12.5份、碳纳米管 15份、氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液25份、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液5份；
S2、将称取的钛酸锂粉末、硫掺杂石墨烯、碳纳米管分别超声分散于水中，形成钛酸锂悬浊液、硫掺杂石墨烯悬浊液、碳纳米管悬浊液；
S3、向钛酸锂悬浊液中加入二氧化硅气凝胶，搅拌状态下，待二氧化硅气凝胶吸附完全后，加入硫掺杂石墨烯悬浊液、碳纳米管悬浊液，待二氧化硅气凝胶吸附完全后，烘干，在氮气气氛下，900-950℃煅烧3-4h，得到嵌锂活性材料；
S4、将所得的嵌锂活性材料与氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液充分研磨，混合均匀后，干燥，即得。
将实施例1-3中得到的锂电池负极材料分别做成实验扣式锂电池，并对锂电池负极材料的电学性能进行检测，结果见表1
Figure 883160DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种锂电池负极材料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制备所得：
钛酸锂粉末10-15份、二氧化硅气凝胶20-30份、硫掺杂石墨烯10-15份、碳纳米管 10-20份、氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液20-30份、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液3-7份；
所述锂电池负极材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、所述原料的配方称取各组分；
S2、将称取的钛酸锂粉末、硫掺杂石墨烯、碳纳米管分别超声分散于水中，形成钛酸锂悬浊液、硫掺杂石墨烯悬浊液、碳纳米管悬浊液；
S3、向钛酸锂悬浊液中加入二氧化硅气凝胶，搅拌状态下，待二氧化硅气凝胶吸附完全后，加入硫掺杂石墨烯悬浊液、碳纳米管悬浊液，待二氧化硅气凝胶吸附完全后，烘干，在氮气气氛下，900-950℃煅烧3-4h，得到嵌锂活性材料；
S4、将所得的嵌锂活性材料与氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液充分研磨，混合均匀后，干燥，即得。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种锂电池负极材料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制备所得：
钛酸锂粉末10份、二氧化硅气凝胶20份、硫掺杂石墨烯10份、碳纳米管 10份、氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液20份、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液3份。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种锂电池负极材料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制备所得：
钛酸锂粉末15份、二氧化硅气凝胶30份、硫掺杂石墨烯15份、碳纳米管 20份、氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液30份、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液7份。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种锂电池负极材料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制备所得：
钛酸锂粉末12.5份、二氧化硅气凝胶25份、硫掺杂石墨烯12.5份、碳纳米管 15份、氟硅改性丙烯酸乳液25份、全氟烷基丙烯酸酯共聚乳液5份。
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