CN112522685A - 锌合金表面处理方法 - Google Patents

锌合金表面处理方法 Download PDF

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CN112522685A
CN112522685A CN202011394927.XA CN202011394927A CN112522685A CN 112522685 A CN112522685 A CN 112522685A CN 202011394927 A CN202011394927 A CN 202011394927A CN 112522685 A CN112522685 A CN 112522685A
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nickel
plating
temperature
zinc
solution concentration
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程云
史广星
张国增
张飞
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Jiangsu Sriyi Precision Technology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
    • C23C18/165—Multilayered product
    • C23C18/1651—Two or more layers only obtained by electroless plating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1689—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31—Coating with metals
    • C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31—Coating with metals
    • C23C18/38—Coating with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/48—Coating with alloys

Abstract

本发明属于金属表面处理技术领域，涉及一种锌合金表面处理方法，步骤包括：镀铜、镀全光镍、镀高磷化学镍、镀锌镍合金、钝化和封闭，所述镀高磷化学镍的条件为溶液浓度20～40Be，pH4～5，温度75～85℃，时间10～15min，镀高磷化学镍总厚度3～15μm。本方法通过在镀全光镍层和镀锌镍合金层之间增镀高磷镍层，具有耐受720℃盐雾的优良耐腐蚀性，镀层表面有金属质感，颜色均一，在250℃高温条件下烘烤不起泡，且具有高硬度和高耐磨性。

Description

锌合金表面处理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及金属表面处理技术领域，特别涉及一种锌合金表面处理方法。
背景技术
对于某些压铸材料，往往需要在表面电镀各种金属来保证其使用寿命。以往的做法是在在材料表面镀铜、镀镍、镀锌镍合金，最后才得到成品。但客户要求表面镀金属镀层，盐雾需满足720小时要求,且颜色需对照客户提供的参考样颜色——锌镍合金颜色,但是常规的锌镍合金虽然能达到颜色要求，但是无法满足盐雾720小时的要求。
因此有必要开发一种新的制备方法来避免以上问题。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种锌合金表面处理方法，能够在满足客户对镀层颜色要求的同时满足抗盐雾720小时的要求。
本发明通过如下技术方案实现上述目的：一种锌合金表面处理方法，步骤包括：镀铜、镀全光镍、镀高磷化学镍、镀锌镍合金、钝化和封闭，所述镀高磷化学镍的条件为溶液浓度20～40Be，pH4～5，温度75～85℃，时间10～15min，镀高磷化学镍总厚度3～15μm。
具体的，所述镀铜工艺包括碱铜、焦铜和酸铜三个步骤，镀铜总厚度8～25μm。
进一步的，所述碱铜步骤的条件为溶液浓度10～15Be，pH10～14，温度50～60℃，时间5～10min。
进一步的，所述焦铜步骤的条件为溶液浓度25～30Be，pH 7～9，温度50～60℃,时间10～15min。
进一步的，所述酸铜步骤的条件为溶液浓度16～18Be，温度20～30℃,时间15～20min。
具体的，所述镀全光镍步骤的条件为采用硫酸镍或氯化镍，溶液浓度21～24Be，pH3.8～4.5，温度50～60℃,时间10～15min，镀全光镍总厚度为1～6μm。
具体的，所述镀锌镍合金步骤的条件为溶液浓度17～19Be，温度20～30℃，时间120～130min，镀锌镍合金总厚度为8～25μm。
采用上述技术方案，本发明技术方案的有益效果是：
本方法通过在镀全光镍层和镀锌镍合金层之间增镀高磷镍层，具有耐受720℃盐雾的优良耐腐蚀性，镀层表面有金属质感，颜色均一，在250℃高温条件下烘烤不起泡，且具有高硬度和高耐磨性。
具体实施方式
本发明的一种锌合金表面处理方法，步骤包括：镀铜、镀全光镍、镀高磷化学镍、镀锌镍合金、钝化和封闭，所述镀高磷化学镍的条件为溶液浓度20～40Be，pH4～5，温度75～85℃，时间10～15min，镀高磷化学镍总厚度3～15μm。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1：
(1)在锌合金表面镀碱铜，条件为溶液浓度10Be，pH 14，温度50℃，时间10min；
(2)在碱铜层表面镀焦铜，条件为溶液浓度25Be，pH 9，温度50℃,时间15min；
(3)在焦铜层表面镀酸铜，条件为溶液浓度18Be，温度28℃,时间19min，铜层总厚度16.9±2.4；
(4)在酸铜层表面镀全光镍，条件为采用氯化镍，溶液浓度21Be，pH4.5，温度50℃,时间15min，镀全光镍总厚度为5.4±0.5μm；
(5)在全光镍层表面镀高磷化学镍，条件为溶液浓度20Be，pH5，温度75℃，时间15min，镀高磷化学镍总厚度13.1±1.1μm；
(6)在高磷酸镍层表面镀锌镍合金，溶液浓度17Be，温度30℃，时间120min，镀锌镍合金总厚度为11.3±2.1μm。
实施例2：
(1)在锌合金表面镀碱铜，条件为溶液浓度15Be，pH 10，温度60℃，时间5min；
(2)在碱铜层表面镀焦铜，条件为溶液浓度30Be，pH 7，温度60℃,时间10min；
(3)在焦铜层表面镀酸铜，条件为溶液浓度16Be，温度25℃,时间18min，铜层总厚度12.1±2.4；
(4)在酸铜层表面镀全光镍，条件为采用硫酸镍，溶液浓度24Be，pH3.8，温度60℃,时间10min，镀全光镍总厚度为1.3±0.3μm；
(5)在全光镍层表面镀高磷化学镍，条件为溶液浓度40Be，pH4，温度85℃，时间10min，镀高磷化学镍总厚度4.1±0.8μm；
(6)在高磷酸镍层表面镀锌镍合金，溶液浓度19Be，温度20℃，时间130min，镀锌镍合金总厚度为19.8±2.5μm。
实施例3：
(1)在锌合金表面镀碱铜，条件为溶液浓度12Be，pH 11，温度52℃，时间8min；
(2)在碱铜层表面镀焦铜，条件为溶液浓度28Be，pH8，温度55℃,时间13min；
(3)在焦铜层表面镀酸铜，条件为溶液浓度17Be，温度24℃,时间16min，铜层总厚度16.1±2.3；
(4)在酸铜层表面镀全光镍，条件为采用氯化镍，溶液浓度22Be，pH4.0，温度56℃,时间12min，镀全光镍总厚度为2.5±0.3μm；
(5)在全光镍层表面镀高磷化学镍，条件为溶液浓度30Be，pH4.4，温度81℃，时间11min，镀高磷化学镍总厚度10.2±1.1μm；
(6)在高磷酸镍层表面镀锌镍合金，溶液浓度18Be，温度27℃，时间128min，镀锌镍合金总厚度为21.1±2.6μm。
实施例4：
(1)在锌合金表面镀碱铜，条件为溶液浓度14Be，pH 112，温度55℃，时间8min；
(2)在碱铜层表面镀焦铜，条件为溶液浓度26Be，pH 7，温度58℃,时间11min；
(3)在焦铜层表面镀酸铜，条件为溶液浓度18Be，温度20℃,时间20min，铜层总厚度21.1±2.6；
(4)在酸铜层表面镀全光镍，条件为采用硫酸镍，溶液浓度23Be，pH4.3，温度53℃,时间12min，镀全光镍总厚度为3.9±0.5μm；
(5)在全光镍层表面镀高磷化学镍，条件为溶液浓度27Be，pH4.9，温度78℃，时间11min，镀高磷化学镍总厚度5.7±1.2μm；
(6)在高磷酸镍层表面镀锌镍合金，溶液浓度19Be，温度26℃，时间124min，镀锌镍合金总厚度为16.7±2.5μm。
实施例5：
(1)在锌合金表面镀碱铜，条件为溶液浓度12Be，pH 13，温度57℃，时间7min；
(2)在碱铜层表面镀焦铜，条件为溶液浓度26Be，pH 8，温度53℃,时间12min；
(3)在焦铜层表面镀酸铜，条件为溶液浓度16Be，温度30℃,时间15min，铜层总厚度17.1±2.4；
(4)在酸铜层表面镀全光镍，条件为采用氯化镍，溶液浓度22Be，pH3.9，温度57℃,时间12min，镀全光镍总厚度为4.3±0.5μm；
(5)在全光镍层表面镀高磷化学镍，条件为溶液浓度36Be，pH4.7，温度76℃，时间14min，镀高磷化学镍总厚度11.4±1.2μm；
(6)在高磷酸镍层表面镀锌镍合金，溶液浓度17Be，温度21℃，时间125min，镀锌镍合金总厚度为10.6±2.1μm。
将背景技术中步骤未有镀高磷化学镍处理的产品作为对照例与实施例1～5处理后的产品进行比较试验(比较结果见表1)，试验条件如下：
①盐雾测试：将产品放置在温度35±2℃、降雾量1～2mL/h、氯化钠浓度为50±10g/L、湿度大于95％盐雾中720小时，然后观察表面是否存在腐蚀现象；
②外观检测：对完成全部处理的产品在自然光条件下进行肉眼观察检测；
③耐高温测试：将产品放在250℃环境下烘烤3min，观察产品表面是否有气泡；
④硬度测试：采用硬度仪测量硬度；
⑤耐磨性测试：用RCA纸袋耐磨试验机测试耐磨，统计磨损需要几圈。
表1：
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 对照例
盐雾测试 无腐蚀 无腐蚀 无腐蚀 无腐蚀 无腐蚀 有腐蚀
外观检测 无异色 无异色 无异色 无异色 无异色 有异色
耐高温 不起泡 不起泡 不起泡 不起泡 不起泡 起泡
硬度 HRC24 HRC25 HRC24 HRC25 HRC25 HRC8
耐磨性/圈 297 311 307 305 299 81
综上，根据表1呈现的结果，实施例1～5通过在镀全光镍层和镀锌镍合金层之间增镀高磷镍层，具有耐受720℃盐雾的优良耐腐蚀性，镀层表面有金属质感，颜色均一，在250℃高温条件下烘烤不起泡，且具有高硬度和高耐磨性。
以上所述的仅是本发明的一些实施方式。对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种锌合金表面处理方法，其特征在于步骤包括：镀铜、镀全光镍、镀高磷化学镍、镀锌镍合金、钝化和封闭，所述镀高磷化学镍的条件为溶液浓度20～40Be，pH4～5，温度75～85℃，时间10～15min，镀高磷化学镍总厚度3～15μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锌合金表面处理方法，其特征在于：所述镀铜工艺包括碱铜、焦铜和酸铜三个步骤，镀铜总厚度8～25μm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的锌合金表面处理方法，其特征在于：所述碱铜步骤的条件为溶液浓度10～15Be，pH10～14，温度50～60℃，时间5～10min。
4.根据权利要求2所述的锌合金表面处理方法，其特征在于：所述焦铜步骤的条件为溶液浓度25～30Be，pH7～9，温度50～60℃,时间10～15min。
5.根据权利要求2所述的锌合金表面处理方法，其特征在于：所述酸铜步骤的条件为溶液浓度16～18Be，温度20～30℃,时间15～20min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的锌合金表面处理方法，其特征在于：所述镀全光镍步骤的条件为采用硫酸镍或氯化镍，溶液浓度21～24Be，pH3.8～4.5，温度50～60℃,时间10～15min，镀全光镍总厚度为1～6μm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的锌合金表面处理方法，其特征在于：所述镀锌镍合金步骤的条件为溶液浓度17～19Be，温度20～30℃，时间120～130min，镀锌镍合金总厚度为8～25μm。
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Application publication date: 20210319