CN112521136A - 一种危废处置行业用浇注料 - Google Patents

一种危废处置行业用浇注料 Download PDF

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CN112521136A
CN112521136A CN202011400076.5A CN202011400076A CN112521136A CN 112521136 A CN112521136 A CN 112521136A CN 202011400076 A CN202011400076 A CN 202011400076A CN 112521136 A CN112521136 A CN 112521136A
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waste disposal
hazardous waste
corundum
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赵燕
占华生
王峰峪
李金雨
刘淑焕
夏文斌
李智丰
高长贺
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Beijing Jinyu Tongda Refractory Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种危废处置行业用浇注料，所述浇注料按质量百分比计，包括50～70％的刚玉和10～30％的抗侵蚀剂，所述抗侵蚀剂由碳化硅、氮化硼和球状沥青组成；其中，所述碳化硅与所述氮化硼的质量比为(3～5):1，所述球状沥青的质量占所述碳化硅与所述氮化硼总质量的3～10％。本发明提供的危废处置行业用浇注料具有良好的抗侵蚀性、耐磨性以及耐酸碱腐蚀性等，应用于危废处置的回转窑上，可大大缓解危废对内衬的侵蚀和磨损，延长内衬的使用寿命，减少回转窑的检修次数，保证回转窑的长周期稳定运行，从而提高危废处置的效率。

Description

一种危废处置行业用浇注料
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种危废处置行业用浇注料。
背景技术
随着工业的发展，工业生产过程中排放的危险废物日益增多。据估计，全世界每年的危险废物产生量为3.3亿吨。危险废物导致严重后果：破坏生态环境、影响人类健康、制约可持续发展等。因此，有效处理这些危险废物成为亟待解决的现实问题。
目前，成功处理危废的方法较多如物理处理、化学处理、生物处理、热处理和固化处理等，各处理方法都有其优缺点和对不同废物的适用性，由于各危险废物所含组分、性质不同，很难有统一模式，可针对各废物的特性选择适用性强的处理方法。其中，以焚烧为主的热处理方法是危废处理的常用方式。
回转窑是焚烧危废的重要装置，其内衬耐火材料的性能严重影响危废处理的效率。焚烧危废过程中，回转窑内衬往往受到炉内灰渣磨损和侵蚀，特别是直接接触高温熔渣的内衬部分，受到的磨损和侵蚀更为严重，而且危废中常含有酸碱性的物质。这就要求危废处置的回转窑内衬材料具有良好的抗侵蚀性、耐磨性以及良好的耐酸碱腐蚀性。但目前的用于危废处置行业的浇注料往往很难兼顾这些性能，因此使用寿命仅几个月，而且为确保安全，回转窑检修次数较多，严重影响了危废处置的效率。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种危废处置行业用浇注料，其具有良好的抗侵蚀性、耐磨性以及耐酸碱腐蚀性能等，使用寿命明显延长。
本发明采用以下技术方案：
本发明提供一种危废处置行业用浇注料，按质量百分比计，包括50～70％的刚玉和10～30％的抗侵蚀剂，所述抗侵蚀剂由碳化硅、氮化硼和球状沥青组成；
其中，所述碳化硅与所述氮化硼的质量比为(3～5):1，所述球状沥青的质量占所述碳化硅与所述氮化硼总质量的3～10％。
本发明研究发现，以刚玉为主体的浇注料，当添加由特定比例的碳化硅、氮化硼和球状沥青组成的抗侵蚀剂，可以发挥各组分间的协同作用，得到一种具有良好抗侵蚀性、耐磨性以及耐酸碱腐蚀性的浇注料，使用寿命明显延长，可用于危废处置行业，提高危废处置的效率。
优选地，所述碳化硅与所述氮化硼的质量比为4:1。
其中，本发明所述碳化硅中SiC含量≥97％，氮化硼中氮化硼的含量≥90％。
优选地，所述刚玉为白刚玉、棕刚玉或板状刚玉中的一种或几种。所述刚玉的粒径≤8mm。
优选地，所述抗侵蚀剂的粒径≤3mm，其中，所述球状沥青的直径为0.3～1mm。
进一步地，本发明所述浇注料还包括金属硅微粉、二氧化硅微粉、纯铝酸钙水泥、调节剂中的一种或多种。
其中，所述金属硅微粉的粒径为5～10μm。
所述二氧化硅微粉的粒径≤5μm。
所述调节剂为三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、木质素磺酸钠、羧酸脂中的一种或多种。
在本发明的优选实施方式中，按质量百分比计，所述浇注料包括刚玉50～70％、抗侵蚀剂10～35％、金属硅微粉1～5％、二氧化硅微粉4～10％、纯铝酸钙水泥1～10％和调节剂0～0.5％。
作为进一步优选，按质量百分比计，所述浇注料包括刚玉55～65％、碳化硅16～24％、氮化硼4～6％、球状沥青1～3％、金属硅微粉2～5％、二氧化硅微粉4～7％、纯铝酸钙水泥2～8％和调节剂0.1～0.3％。
在处置危废时，本发明所述浇注料用作为回转窑的内衬耐火材料，浇注厚度为200-300mm。
现有技术中回转窑的内衬厚度一般在200-300mm，采用本发明的浇注料作为内衬时厚度没有增加，但使用寿命明显延长了，出乎预料。
本发明提供的危废处置行业用浇注料的制备方法为本领域常规操作。具体地，可按照如下步骤制备：将各原料组分用强制搅拌机搅拌3～5min，然后加入4.5～5.5wt％的水，搅拌成具有一定流动性的浇注料。
本发明提供了一种危废处置行业用浇注料，其具有良好的抗侵蚀性、耐磨性以及耐酸碱腐蚀性等，应用于危废处置的回转窑上，可大大缓解危废对内衬的侵蚀和磨损，延长内衬的使用寿命，减少回转窑的检修次数，保证回转窑的长周期稳定运行，从而提高危废处置的效率。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下实施例中所用材料若无特别声明，均可以市售购得。
其中，刚玉为白刚玉、棕刚玉或板状刚玉中的一种或几种，粒径≤8mm；
碳化硅中SiC含量≥97％，粒径≤3mm；
氮化硼中氮化硼的含量≥90％，粒径≤3mm；
球状沥青的直径为0.3～1mm；
金属硅微粉的粒径为5～10μm；
二氧化硅微粉的粒径≤5μm。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种危废处置行业用浇注料，其配料(质量百分比)如下：棕刚玉56％，碳化硅24％，氮化硼6％，球状沥青1％，金属硅微粉3％，二氧化硅微粉4.8％，纯铝酸钙水泥5％，三聚磷酸钠0.2％，加水量5.2％。
将各原料组分(不包括水)搅拌5min，然后加入水，搅拌成具有一定流动性的浇注料，并按GB/T 4513.5检测标准要求，将浇注料在特定模具内浇注成强度检测试样、耐磨检测试样、耐碱试样、耐酸试样及静态坩埚抗渣侵蚀试样。
试样成型后经自然养护、脱模、烘干以及相应热处理(如1350℃烧3h)后，检测其性能指标，结果如表1所示。
其中，材料的体积密度、常温抗折强度、常温耐压强度、烧后线变化率、磨损量及耐碱性能都按国标进行测定。
抗渣侵蚀性能的测定方法：将耐火材料做成坩埚坯体，然后将灰渣装入坩埚中，在1450℃×5h条件下测定其侵蚀情况，几乎无侵蚀迹象则判定为良好，否则为差。
耐酸性能测定方法：材料制作成40mm×40mm×160mm样条，脱模烘干后在1100℃×3h条件下处理，最后在40％的硫酸溶液中浸泡30天，几乎未反应为良好，否则为差。
表1实施例1浇注料的性能测试结果
Figure BDA0002811984430000051
实施例2
本实施例提供一种危废处置行业用浇注料，其配料(质量百分比)如下：棕刚玉和白刚玉各30％，碳化硅21％，氮化硼5％，球状沥青1％，金属硅微粉3％，二氧化硅微粉4.8％，纯铝酸钙水泥5％，木质素磺酸钠0.2％，加水量5％。
采用与实施例1中相同的检测方法进行性能检测，结果如表2所示。
表2实施例2浇注料的性能测试结果
Figure BDA0002811984430000052
实施例3
本实施例提供一种危废处置行业用浇注料，其配料(质量百分比)如下：棕刚玉35％，白刚玉30％，碳化硅16％，氮化硼5％，球状沥青1％，金属硅微粉3％，二氧化硅微粉4.8％，纯铝酸钙水泥5％，六偏磷酸钠0.2％，加水量5％。
采用与实施例1中相同的检测方法进行性能检测，结果如表3所示。
表3实施例3浇注料的性能测试结果
Figure BDA0002811984430000061
实施例4
本实施例提供一种危废处置行业用浇注料，其配料(质量百分比)如下：棕刚玉56％，碳化硅24％，氮化硼6％，球状沥青1％，二氧化硅微粉7.8％，纯铝酸钙水泥5％，三聚磷酸钠0.2％，加水量5.2％。
采用与实施例1中相同的检测方法进行性能检测，结果如表4所示。
表4实施例4浇注料的性能测试结果
Figure BDA0002811984430000062
Figure BDA0002811984430000071
与实施例1比较，本实施例中将加入的金属硅微粉更换成二氧化硅微粉，此时材料的强度下降显著，特别是1350℃的耐压强度为原来的55％，烧后线变化率和耐磨下降显著。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种危废处置行业用浇注料，其配料(质量百分比)如下：棕刚玉和白刚玉各30％，碳化硅21％，球状沥青6％，金属硅微粉3％，二氧化硅微粉4.8％，纯铝酸钙水泥5％，木质素磺酸钠0.2％，加水量5％。
采用与实施例1中相同的检测方法进行性能检测，结果如表5所示。
表5实施例5浇注料的性能测试结果
Figure BDA0002811984430000072
与实施例2比较，本实施例中将加入的氮化硼更换成球状沥青，此时材料的强度有所下降，耐磨下降显著，同时材料的抗侵蚀性及耐酸性也不能满足要求。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种危废处置行业用浇注料，其特征在于，按质量百分比计，包括50～70％的刚玉和10～30％的抗侵蚀剂，所述抗侵蚀剂由碳化硅、氮化硼和球状沥青组成；
其中，所述碳化硅与所述氮化硼的质量比为(3～5):1，所述球状沥青的质量占所述碳化硅与所述氮化硼总质量的3～10％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的危废处置行业用浇注料，其特征在于，所述碳化硅与所述氮化硼的质量比为4:1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的危废处置行业用浇注料，其特征在于，所述刚玉为白刚玉、棕刚玉或板状刚玉中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的危废处置行业用浇注料，其特征在于，所述刚玉的粒径≤8mm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的危废处置行业用浇注料，其特征在于，所述抗侵蚀剂的粒径≤3mm，其中，所述球状沥青的直径为0.3～1mm。
6.根据权利要求1～5任一项所述的危废处置行业用浇注料，其特征在于，所述浇注料还包括金属硅微粉、二氧化硅微粉、纯铝酸钙水泥、调节剂中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的危废处置行业用浇注料，其特征在于，所述金属硅微粉的粒径为5～10μm；
和/或，所述二氧化硅微粉的粒径≤5μm；
和/或，所述调节剂为三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、木质素磺酸钠、羧酸脂中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的危废处置行业用浇注料，其特征在于，按质量百分比计，所述浇注料包括刚玉50～70％、抗侵蚀剂10～35％、金属硅微粉1～5％、二氧化硅微粉4～10％、纯铝酸钙水泥1～10％和调节剂0～0.5％。
9.根据权利要求8所述的危废处置行业用浇注料，其特征在于，按质量百分比计，所述浇注料包括刚玉55～65％、碳化硅16～24％、氮化硼4～6％、球状沥青1～3％、金属硅微粉2～5％、二氧化硅微粉4～7％、纯铝酸钙水泥2～8％和调节剂0.1～0.3％。
10.根据权利要求1～9任一项所述的危废处置行业用浇注料，其特征在于，所述浇注料用作为回转窑的内衬耐火材料，浇注厚度为200-300mm。
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