CN112514850B - A kind of domestication method of fragrant beaver - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for domesticating a fragrant beaver variety, including the process of variety selection, breeding of breeding rats, feeding of young rats, site construction, feed management, epidemic prevention and treatment, and feeding management. The variety selection and breeding are (1) selecting cold regions The beaver with large size, strong activity, thick and soft down hair, robust and selective breeding rate, strong body, long tail, large sachet, strong aroma, likes omnivorous Mongolian subspecies domesticated beaver in the south Carry out hybridization; (2) adopt the method of pedigree selection and breeding, and after several generations of elimination and breeding, obtain a civet cat breed with large body size, good omnivorous appetite, high fertility, large sachet, strong aroma, and large and long tail; the The young mice are fed and cultivated from a young age. Epidemic prevention and treatment is to prevent infectious diseases. Feeding and management are selected spices combined with protein feed, and ecological breeding farms are built and pens are regularly combed.

Description

Domestication method of civet

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of wild animal breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a new nutria variety.

Background

Beaver, beaver family animal, academic name: latin learning name:Castorfiberit is a family under the suborder of Hepialidae. There are only 1 genus of 2 species, one distributed in america and europe, america in the united states, canada and brazil, europe in russian federation, molova, portuguese, turkey, uk, etc.; the other one is distributed in Asia, in Sinkiang and Mongolia in China, and the river racoon dogs in Sinkiang and Mongolia in China belong to Mongolian subspecies in Asian river dogs, and are narrow in distribution and small in quantity, and are only distributed in the Wulungguge river and the two banks of the Qinggeli river, the Boolean root river and the Chardong Gule river at the upstream of the Wulun Guhe in China, particularly the Boolean root river is most concentrated. The beaver is listed in Red list of endangered species in the world alliance for natural protection (IUCN) 2008.

The beaver has the advantages of fat body, no obvious difference between female and male, short and blunt head, small eyes, short neck, short and wide limbs, and 5 toes; the forelimbs are short, the feet are small, and the forelimbs have strong claws; the hind limb is strong and powerful, the hind foot has web, the web reaches the toe end and is suitable for paddling, and the claw of the second toe is split and can be used for combing. Big tail, flat, with cutin scales and sparse hair. Short ear, and waterproof valve inside. The subcutaneous muscles of the back are developed, and strong tendons are attached to the coccyx. The male part and the female part are both provided with a pair of fragrant glands which are positioned at two sides of the anus, the fragrant glands are oblate rod-shaped, light gray, and have protuberant inner epidermis, and wrinkles are formed in the gland sac. The secretion (castoreum) is light yellow; move at night and morning and evening, swim and dive, and climb upwards with the help of the claws. Staple food branches, barks, reeds and the like.

The nutria is made of long and thick needle hair and dense and soft fluff, and is waterproof. The needle hairs were yellowish brown, and the base and the hairs were brownish-grey. Adult back is tan, head and abdomen are lighter than back.

The female nutria is bred for 1-2 times every year, is oestrous and mated in early spring, is generally bred in spring and summer to give a baby, each baby is 1-6 babies, can be mated within three days after the baby is born, the gestation period is about 106 days, the lactation period is about 2 months, the baby can swim in 2 days after birth, and the male nutria is sexually mature in 2 years. The service life is 12-20 years.

The nutria meat has delicious meat, high protein, low fat, very high hemoglobin content and no foreign taste. The said food has 25% coarse protein content, 18 kinds of amino acids, more than 30 kinds of trace elements, especially Zn and Ca several times higher than those of common animal and fowl meat, and is one ideal food for beautifying women, promoting children's growth and strengthening intelligence. Fat of nutria can be used for preparing nutria oily product, gallbladder can be used for preparing gallbladder paste, bone wine can be prepared from bone, and coat can be used for preparing nutria leather.

A pouch (jordan) of nutria is one of natural perfumes of four animal incense including ambergris, Moschus, Zibethum and beaver, and is prepared from beaver of family HeraccoonCastorfiberLinnaeusAnd Canadian beaverCastorCanadensisKuheThe secretion of sachet of (1). The strong fishy animal fragrance is only inferior to civet fragrance, so that a perfumer is still willing to use the strong fishy animal fragrance when blending the fragrance, sandalwood, oriental fragrance, vegetarian orchid, fragrant odor and leather odor, because the castoreum fragrance can increase the fresh fragrance of the odor and bring certain moving emotion. As a traditional Chinese medicine, the Chinese medicine has the effects of dredging orifices, activating collaterals, relieving convulsion, relieving pain, clearing heat and removing toxicity. It is commonly used for paralysis of limbs, numbness of limbs, tetany, infantile convulsions, conjunctival congestion and swelling and pain.

It should be noted that beaver is not an animal of the same kind as the similar animal, beaver, and the latin name of beaver isCastorfiber，Distributed in north america and europe, asia, etc.; while nutriaMyocastorcoypusIs a large rodent belonging to the family nutriidae, and is distributed in south America countries such as Brazil, Uyghur, Argentina, Chilean and Bolivian, and the identification of beaver and nutria is mainly the tail of beaver, and the tail of beaver is flat and paddle-shaped, and the tail of nutria is bar-shaped. Because both animals are very similar in appearance, beaver is also called coypu, so that beaver and beaver are bred in some literatures and are called coypu. The breeding method and management of breeding beaver and beaver are similar, and the feed is basically compared with each otherSimilarly, in the background art, the literature of the breeding process of beaver or nutria is integrated.

In the prior publications, there are some reports on the breeding methods of beaver or nutria, such as the following:

1. chinese patent: the invention discloses a nutria breeding method, which has the following application numbers: 201810189238.1, san shui jiaxin agricultural technology research institute (general partnership), date of application: year 2018, 03 month 07; and (3) abstract: the invention discloses a nutria breeding method, which adopts a basic selenium-added feed, a health-care feed additive and a growth feed additive to carry out reasonable collocation, provides feeds with different nutrients according to different growth periods of nutria, provides balanced and comprehensive nutrition for the growth and development of the nutria, and obtains high-quality selenium-rich nutria. The basic selenium-added feed comprises pear residue extract, corn, bamboo shoot, bamboo leaf powder, peanut bran, whole milk powder, salt, bone meal, selenocysteine and selenomethionine.

2. Chinese patent: the invention discloses a nutria breeding method, which comprises the following steps: 201810025403. X; the applicant: zhang Wanxing; and (3) abstract: the invention discloses a nutria breeding method, which comprises the following steps: (1) seed selection: the head is found to be large; (2) feeding; (3) the prevention of diseases. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the nutria is bred by adopting the feed disclosed by the invention, and the nutria has the characteristics of high nutrition, quick absorption, less waste, quick growth, short period and high benefit; the average length of the fish can reach 6-12 kg in 5-7 months, the body length is 50-67cm, and the tail length is 35-42 cm.

3. Chinese patent: the invention discloses a nutria breeding method, which comprises the following steps: 201811390406.X, applicant: chenzhou kang li yuan beaver breeding limited company, application date: 2018-11-21 abstract: the invention discloses a nutria breeding method which is characterized by comprising the following steps: site construction: selecting a place with higher topography, dryness and easy drainage, meeting the requirements of areas with less interference, less pollution and less disease transmission, and self-preparing a deep well to ensure the supply of a pollution-free water source; building a house: the method comprises the following steps that a rest area, a foraging area and a swimming area are built in a house, wherein the foraging area and the swimming area are open and are surrounded by an enclosing wall with the height of 0.7-0.9 m and are communicated with the rest area; daily management: keeping the colony house sanitary, removing feces and residual food in the colony house in time, changing water 2-3 times every day, and removing dirt in the pool water when water is changed every time; diet management: green feed is fed in the morning and at night every day, 50-100 g of each feed is added every time, and plantain and heartleaf houttuynia herb are added every week for diminishing inflammation and preventing diseases; and (4) marketing: the beaver rat bred according to the invention has good meat quality, high nutrition, thick and compact fur texture and long tail after being slaughtered at the age of 10-11 months.

4. Chinese patent: nutria health care growth promoting feed additive in the breeding period and application thereof; patent numbers: 201210364695.2, Applicant: jiang Fang; and (3) abstract: the invention discloses a nutria health care and growth promotion feed additive in the breeding period and application thereof, wherein the additive comprises the following components: white chrysanthemum, mulberry leaf, brown rice sprout, Chinese yam, Chinese date, nostoc commune, honeysuckle leaf, Chinese pulsatilla root, quisqualis fruit and sweet wormwood, and the components are prepared according to the proportion. When in use, the additive accounts for 2-6% of the mass of the basic feed, is fed once every 2 weeks, and is fed for 3 days continuously once; the epidemic situation is increased.

5. Chinese patent: a nutria breeding device, application No. 201611235020.2; the applicant: guilin Zhongfu beaver farming Co Ltd, application date: 2016-12-28 digest: the invention discloses a nutria breeding device, and belongs to the technical field of artificial breeding of nutria. Beaver breeding device includes a plurality of breed cages (1), support (2), humidity transducer (3), spray set (4), excrement accept board (5), fodder dish (6), delivery pipe and blow off pipe (7). The breeding device is reasonable in structural design and durable, effectively improves the growth environment of nutria, improves breeding safety, improves production efficiency and reduces labor cost.

The said technology discloses a breeding method of beaver breed or beaver, but mainly aims at some methods of beaver breed selection, feed collocation, site construction and breeding device, and there is no report about the breeding method of beaver breed, and at present, beaver or beaver breed in various places is not clear, some are imported from abroad, some are domestic breed, some are endless, and are not clearly distinguished to be beaver breed or beaver breed, many individual breeding farms are single in breed, breed is easy to degenerate, the reason is not scientific breeding, and it is not mechanical mixing, biological mixing, fine genetic problem of fine breed, some are also good hybridization, but not scientific enough, in the aspect of feed collocation, it is not optimized according to the property of beaver, the nutrient composition is unreasonable, so many individual beaver breeding can not develop.

In addition, the literature does not report the contents of how to study on the improvement of the breeds of the castors, the peaceful domestication of the castors, the improvement of the sizes and the qualities of the castors sachets (the glands), and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention aims at providing a domestication method of new nutria variety-Xiang He Zi variety.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a domestication method of civets is characterized in that: comprises the processes of breed selection, breeding of breeding rats, feed proportioning, domestication of newborn rats, site construction, epidemic prevention and disease treatment and feeding management.

The selection of the variety is as follows: (1) selecting a river racoon dog which is big in body shape, strong in activity, thick, soft and robust in villus in cold areas, and selecting a river racoon dog which is domesticated in the south and is high in reproduction rate, robust in body shape, long in tail, big in sachet, strong in fragrance and good in food and omnivory; (2) by adopting a pedigree breeding method and through a plurality of generations of elimination breeding, a nutria variety which is large in body size, good in preference for eating and eating, high in seed yield, large in perfume sac, strong in fragrance and large and long in tail is obtained, and the bred nutria variety is called a civet;

the epidemic prevention and disease treatment is to pay attention to the prevention of infectious diseases, the feeding management is to select spice combined protein feed, and to build an ecological farm and comb hairs regularly in columns.

The feed proportioning is that the feed fed in the breeding process contains 1-5 wt% of plant spice, so that the civet capsules are enlarged and the fragrance is strong.

The construction requirements of the farm are mainly to adapt to the life habits of nutria and need to meet a plurality of conditions of a nest hole or nest for living in a cave, a playground for activities and a pool for bathing of the civet.

The newborn rat domestication is a newborn rat feeding and domesticating process from birth to weaning, so that the newborn civet of the civet is fed with regular feeding and regular movement after birth, combed hair regularly and domesticated without fear of habits of people.

The disease prevention management is to make the prevention and control and epidemic prevention of the common diseases of the civets.

The breeding management is to keep the pen sanitary, properly move and clean the nutria, well prevent heatstroke and avoid cold, and comb hairs regularly.

The plant spice comprises one or more of lemongrass, lysimachia foenum-graecum hance, perilla, rosemary, clove, fennel, momordica grosvenori and passion fruit.

The regular carding is that a special carding device is arranged on a farm, and the civets are periodically carded and cleaned, so that the civets are domesticated and are not afraid of people, the fur is clean, the appetite is enhanced, diseases are reduced, and the civets are healthy and active.

The breeding of the breeding mouse is to make the mating of the male breeding mouse and the female breeding mouse and the nursing of the pregnancy and the birth and the breeding of the female breeding mouse.

The epidemic prevention and disease treatment is to pay attention to the prevention of infectious diseases, the feeding management is to select spice combined protein feed, and to build an ecological breeding farm and to domesticate regularly in columns.

We also propose here that beaver has fewer regions for field survival and belongs to wild animals protected by China, but has been artificially cultured for many years abroad and domestically, and many zoos in China are cultured as ornamental animals for decades; many professional feedlots in Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and Guangxi have the culture wholesale of forestry departments, and specific feedlots can be cultured as meat and fur and the tails of the special feedlots are taken as operation sutures after epidemic prevention treatment.

The following is a specific process:

first, variety breeding

(1) In the breeding of the variety, the male castors with large size, strong activity and robustness in north america or European cold regions are selected as male parents for breeding, and the male parents require thick and soft villi and good food preference; selecting healthy and strong body, long tail, large sachet and strong fragrance; female nutria domesticated in south and bred by using Mongolian subspecies with high reproduction rate, large scent pocket, strong fragrance and good preference for food and omnivory as female parent; hybridizing the male parent A and the female parent B; obtaining a female mouse C of a civet breed of the civet, which is called as the civet for short hereinafter.

The bred nutria is different from the breeded nutria which is not bred, can be bred all the year round, and the male mice are in oestrus all the year round and have breeding capability. The female mice can mate 3-7 days after the female mice produce young mice, so that a better variety is provided for rapid propagation.

The male beaver in the north america or the european cold region is selected as the male parent woolen, mainly, the beaver in the north america or the european cold region is in a region which is not interfered by human activities much, animals and plants are abundant, the beaver eats more things, the applicability of a digestive system is strong, the beaver in the cold region has thick and soft down feather, and the fur quality is good;

the southern domesticated beaver of Mongolian subspecies has high reproduction rate and large scent bag, is used as a female parent, has strong environmental adaptability, has different climates in many areas of China, is cold in some areas, has tropical subtropics in some areas, has different plant types, can adapt to local climate by southern domesticated beaver, has different plant types and resources, has adapted to local environmental plants and climate by hybridization of a plurality of generations, and is not easy to be ill.

The female parent and the male parent of the nutria with large sachets, strong fragrance, long tail and thick and soft fluff are the first generation of the nutria with excellent quality according to the requirements of the invention; the female parent of the nutria C which is healthy, high in reproduction rate, strong in body shape, good in food preference and omnivorous, large in sachet, strong in fragrance and long in tail is also the best choice according to population reproduction.

Beaver (castoreum), named as Chinese medicine. Is the scent bag secretion of Eurasian beaver castofiberlinnaeus of Heracacaceae, North America, Canada, Argentina, Xinjiang and the equal-region beaver castoracanadensis Kuhe in China. Has the effects of dredging orifices, activating collaterals, relieving convulsion, relieving pain, clearing heat and removing toxicity. It is commonly used for paralysis of limbs, numbness of limbs, tetany, infantile convulsions, conjunctival congestion and swelling and pain. Therefore, the variety with large sachet and rich fragrance can provide precious Chinese medicine resources.

(2) Eliminating breeding; through elimination and breeding for a plurality of generations, the castoreum C which is large in body size, healthy, good in food preference and omnivorous, high in seed yield, large in sachet, rich in fragrance and long in tail is obtained and reserved for breeding; the male parent A and the female parent B are hybridized to obtain the female mouse C, and the male mouse with excellent breed can also be used for propagation. Obtaining the beaver with strong body, long tail, thick and soft fluff, but the reproduction rate is slightly poor as taking the civet and the meat and taking the tail as the medical suture line; or as sold to zoos; other produced female mice or male mice which are not suitable for seed reservation (the individuals are not large enough) are used as breeding mice for taking out sachets, tails and meat, or are separately fed to farmers;

(3) stabilizing the population; keeping the male parent A and the female mouse C as breeding mice, reserving seeds and continuing breeding; and if the female mouse is degenerated or the breeding condition is not suitable, breeding the female mouse C again to ensure the population stability.

The invention also emphasizes that: the feed for feeding nutria during breeding process ensures sufficient protein and other nutrient components.

The breeding management of the civet breeding process is to keep the pen sanitary, properly move and clean the civet, well prevent sunstroke and avoid cold and comb hairs regularly.

(1) First, sunstroke prevention is important, and the skin of a beaver is thick, does not resist heat and lacks tolerance to direct light and hot weather. Therefore, in summer, attention must be paid to heatstroke prevention, and a cover such as a tree branch, a straw curtain and the like needs to be additionally arranged on the cover of the colony house for shading. In summer, the temperature is reduced, and the pond water can be replaced frequently to keep cool.

(2) Keeping the colony house sanitary: the water should be changed 2-3 times every day, and the dirt in the pond water is removed when the water is changed every time, preferably the normal running water. The civet breed has strong self-cleaning ability, and the nest is slightly dirty, so that it can feel uneasy, and the excrement and the residual food in the pen can be removed in time to prevent fermentation in the pen. In addition, at high temperature, the green forage grass is not required to be changed into the litter, the litter decays and ferments to generate high heat, so that the temperature in the nest rises, and the beaver is suffocated. The paralytic disease is easy to occur due to the dampness in the fossa.

Second, feed proportioning

The life activities of animals are related to vitamins, and if the civet lacks vitamins, the activity of enzymes in the body can be reduced, and the corresponding metabolic process can be blocked, so that the growth, reproduction and disease resistance of the civet variety can be influenced. Therefore, the composite vitamin should be added to the daily ration in a ratio of 0.02%. In addition, the vitamins are easy to decompose when meeting high temperature, so the prepared complete feed can be doped with the vitamins after the complete feed is cooled, and the vitamins are required to be frequently added.

Selecting feeds: in daily ration, various feeds of the nutria are high-quality, fresh and various, and are reasonably processed and modulated according to different characteristics.

The green feed is characterized in that the green feed is selected from the varieties with less cellulose and tender parts, so that the green feed has good palatability and high digestibility, such as Chinese cabbage, radish, sweet corn stalks, high-quality pasture and the like. Collected or purchased green feed should be cleaned of dirt and dirt, especially toxic species, and then directly dosed on the playing field.

The concentrated feed is prepared by selecting concentrated feed without mildew or worm damage, removing impurities, pulverizing into fine powder (the finer the particle size is), blending according to the specified proportion of daily grain, adding water, stirring, and feeding at a low rate. The food can be cooked into porridge or made into steamed corn bread for feeding, and the best method is to make into pellet feed, which has better effect.

The basic food of nutria is plant feed, especially for succulent grass and aquatic plant, and the artificial feeding can be scientifically matched with the feed obtained by artificial planting according to the nutritional needs of nutria in different periods. At present, the commonly used feed for feeding can be divided into grain concentrated feed, succulent feed, green dry feed, animal feed and supplementary feed, wherein the grain concentrated feed mainly refers to corn, barley, oil cake and the like, wherein the corn accounts for a large proportion in the daily ration, about 30-40%, and the oil cake and wheat bran contain rich protein and are indispensable feed in the daily ration of lactation period and main and long development period in pregnancy. Cottonseed cake can cause diseases of digestive tract system, and is not suitable for use. The oil seed cake is preferably fed together with root tuber and cabbage leaf. Barley and oat can be made into steamed corn bread or directly fed, but for the complete price of feed nutrition, several concentrated materials are mixed and matched for use. The conditioned food can be cooked into porridge or made into steamed corn for feeding mother mouse or weaned mouse, preferably made into pellet feed, and has good effect. The succulent green feed is mostly favorite feed comprising vegetables, melons and root tubers, wherein Chinese cabbages, sweet potato vines, sweet corn stalks, sugarcane tails, high-quality pasture, pumpkins, beets, carrots and the like are succulent feed which is strong in palatability and easy to digest, and the collected or purchased green feed needs to be free of essential substances and dirt, particularly needs to be screened out of toxic species, and then is directly and quantitatively put on a sports ground. In spring, summer and autumn, when the weather is hot, juicy feed can account for 60% of the daily ration, but vegetables cannot exceed 1/3 of the juicy feed, otherwise diarrhea can be caused. In addition, some inferior fruits in the main producing area of the fruits are also very good succulent feed and can be fully utilized.

Green hay feed is the most abundant feed source. The castors like to eat the stems and leaves of crops such as sugarcane tail tips, corn stalks, sweet potato vines, peanut vines and the like and like high-quality pasture, and fresh and wild weeds, wild leguminous grass and tender branches of various trees are the favorite of the castors.

The feed for the nutria in the feed proportioning of the invention is that the feed fed in the breeding process contains 1-5% of plant spice by weight percentage, so that the nutria fragrance is enlarged and is rich in fragrance.

It is necessary to add a small amount of animal feed to the feed, and in the wild state, mollusks are sometimes eaten, which indicates that animal protein is also necessary for the feed, but the animal feed should not exceed 10% of the ration. The animal feed which is economical and easy to obtain comprises bone meal, silkworm chrysalis, blood meal and the like.

In general, the feed does not need to be supplemented, but the deficiency of vitamin A, B, E and the like is caused when the green feed is deficient in winter. At this time, it is necessary to add supplementary green feed to the daily ration, and part of vegetables and fruits can be fed, and the female mouse and mouse can be added with various amino acids or high protein feed.

The life activities of animals are related to vitamins, and if the vitamins are lacked, the activities of enzymes in the body are reduced, and the corresponding metabolic processes are blocked, so that the growth, the propagation and the disease resistance of the civet breed are influenced. Therefore, the composite vitamin should be added to the daily ration in a ratio of 0.02%. In addition, the vitamins are easy to decompose when meeting high temperature, so the prepared complete feed can be doped with the vitamins after the complete feed is cooled, and the vitamins are required to be frequently added.

In daily ration, the feed of the nutria needs to be reasonably processed and modulated according to different characteristics besides being high-quality, fresh and various. The concentrated feed is prepared by selecting concentrated feed without mildew or worm damage, removing impurities, pulverizing into fine powder (the finer the particle size is), blending according to the specified proportion of daily grain, adding water, stirring, and feeding at a low rate.

The nutritional requirements of the feed types and the feed formula of the invention are as follows:

the following tables 2-1 and 2-2 are the nutrition requirements and daily ration combination of the nutria of the invention.

TABLE 2-1 nutritional requirements of the invention nutria

In addition to the ration of tables 2-2, plant flavors were added in an amount of 1-5% by weight.

The spice of nutria comprises one or more of lemongrass, lysimachia foenum-graecum hance, perilla, rosemary, clove, fennel, fructus momordicae and passion fruit. The source and characteristics of the botanical flavors are as follows:

cymbopogon citratus, all-grass of Ottelia odorata, Latin WenCymbopogoncitratus.Is a perennial herb of gramineae and citronella. The stalks are thin and weak, clustered, upright, nearly hairless and the nodes are expanded.The leaf sheath is hairless, the base part is broken mostly, and the upper part is shorter than the internode; round tongue, membranous, irregular tip rupture; a narrow shape of the blade; both sides are nearly unhairing, with white powder. The efficacy is as follows: cymbopogon citratus has lemon fragrance, also called lemon citronella. Belongs to the family of Gramineae, perennial herbaceous plants. It not only has ornamental value, afforests, aromatizes the house, because it contains citral, has effects of disinfecting, sterilizing and treating neuralgia, myalgia, therefore is praised as "painless lady". The tea is used for making tea and drinking, can improve the digestive function, achieve the effects of invigorating stomach and reducing fat, relieve the aching pain of muscles and bones, the colic or the spasm of the abdomen and treat the digestive problem; it can also be used for treating diarrhea, common cold, fever, headache, etc.

Lysimachia foenum-graecum hance, latin scientific name:Lysimachiafoenum-graecumHance，also named as vanilla, eupatorium, lysimachia sikokiana, etc., is a perennial herb of the genus pearl vegetable of the family primulinaceae, the plant height can reach 60 cm, and the dried herb has strong fragrance. Stalk, green. The leaves are intertuberous, the leaves are wide and oval, the tips are sharp or blunt, the grass is strong, and the flowers are single axillary; the flower stalk is fine, the flower crown is yellow, the flower base is heart-shaped, and the pollen is spherical. The capsule is approximately spherical and is gray, and the flower and fruit period is 5-9 months. Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance is distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan, and is best in mountain areas of Jinxiyao autonomous county of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. The soil is fond of a cool and humid environment, grows well under broad-leaved forests with the relative humidity of 60-80%, is suitable for growth at the temperature of 5-30 ℃, and requires loose soil, grey black or brown black. The whole herb contains coumarin-like aromatic oil, can be used for extracting essence, and can be used as spice for tobacco and balsam; the dry product can be put into a box to prevent the moth eating of the clothes; and also has the efficacy of dispelling wind cold and removing dirt for medical use, and is a rare aromatic plant for treating seasonal pathogens, cold headache, upper qi lumbago, chest distress, abdominal distention, spermatorrhea, ascarid expelling and the like.

Perilla, Latin school name:Perillafrutescens(L.)Britt.and alias: common perilla, red perilla, etc.; is an annual herb of the family Labiatae. Has special fragrance, and has multiple crimples and curls of leaves, the whole leaf is oval after being flattened, the length is 4-11 cm, the width is 2.5-9 cm, the tip is long and sharp, the base is round or wide and wedge-shaped, the edge is provided with circular saw teeth, the two sides are purple or green, and the lower surface is provided with circular saw teethMost of the glandular scales are concave and dotted, the petioles are 2-5 cm long, purple or purple green, and the quality is crisp. The tender branches are purple green, the middle part of the section is provided with marrow, the smell is fragrant, and the taste is slightly pungent. Perilla leaf has the effects of dispelling exterior cold and inducing sweat, and can be used for treating wind-cold exterior syndrome with symptoms of aversion to cold, fever and anhidrosis, and is often combined with rhizoma Zingiberis recens; for exterior syndrome accompanied by qi stagnation, it is combined with Xiang Fu and Chen Pi, etc. Perilla leaf for promoting qi circulation, relieving epigastric distention and pain can be used for treating qi stagnation of spleen and stomach, chest distress, and nausea. Perilla leaf is a delicious condiment widely used in the Wuchuan area of the Zhanjiang province in China, and people often use the leaf of perilla leaf as a vegetable, and the taste of perilla leaf is often similar to that of Piper betle. Native China, mainly distributed in India, Burma, Japan, Korea, Indonesia and Russia. Wild species and cultivars are available in North China, south China, southwest China and Taiwan provinces.

Rosemary, Latin school nameRosmarinusofficinalisIs a shrub of the genus Rosmarinus of the class Dicotyledoneae, the family Labiatae. Sexual pleasure with warm climates, native European regions and the coast of the Mediterranean region in the northern part of Africa. China was introduced in the Cao Wei period. Antioxidant and rosemary essential oil having excellent antioxidant activity can be extracted from flowers and leaves of rosemary. Rosemary antioxidant. The product can be widely used for keeping the freshness and quality of medicines, fried foods, oil-rich foods and various oils; the rosemary essence is used in the daily chemical industries of spice, air freshener, ant repellent, sterilization, disinsection and the like.

The clove, the name of Latin school,SyringaoblataLindl.is deciduous shrub or small tree of Syzygium of Oleaceae. Lilac is a well-known garden flower and tree (lilac, or lilac, in lilac, and is distributed in temperate regions from southeast to east asia of europe), because lilac is thin and thin, as a nail, and fragrant. The method has the advantages of large inflorescence, luxuriant flowering, elegant and fragrant flower color, strong habit and simple cultivation, thereby being widely applied to gardens. The clove native to north China has been cultivated in China for over 1000 years, and is a rare flower in China.

Fennel also called Xiaohuaixiang, also known as the famous names of shredded caraway and Latin,FoeniculumvulgareMill.fructus Foeniculi, and fructus Setariae Germinatus (Sichuan, Gui Xiang)Zhou), muddy fragrance, the stems and tender leaves of fennel can be used as vegetables and seasoning fennel, which is the dry mature fruit of fennel plant. Fennel is originally carried by Tang materia Medica. Susong, the northern ethnic group is Fennel and the similar sounds are Huai Xiang. Ceramic herbal medicine is: the odor meat is boiled, a little odor is generated, the odor sauce is fragrant even after being filled into powder, and the odor sauce is named as fennel. Li Shizhen said, the name of Yaoyan sweetgum is just slang or so. Fruits (fennel) are used as spices and also as pharmaceuticals, and roots, leaves, and herbs can be used as medicines.

Momordica grosvenori, a fruit of perennial vine plants of the Cucurbitaceae family. The name of the Latin is learned,Siraitiagrosvenorii (Swingle)C.JeffreyexLuetZ.Y.the hybrid fruits are known as Lahidrosis fruits, false balsam pears, Momordica grosvenori, Stephania sinica Diels, Japanese holandra and nude tortoise, and are known as "immortal fruits" by people, and the leaves are heart-shaped, male and female variant plants, blossom in summer and fruit bearing in autumn. The momordica grosvenori cultivation method is mainly produced in towns such as the Longjiang county, the Longsheng county, the Baishou county and the like in the Yongfu county and the Longsheng county in the Guilin city of the Guangxi Zhuang nationality, the Yongfu county and the Longsheng county have a long country planting history of the momordica grosvenori, the Yongfu county has more than 300 years of history of the momordica grosvenori planting, ninety percent of the momordica grosvenori in China is produced in the Yongfu county and the Longsheng county, the momordica grosvenori is a famous local special product and is one of the first approved medicinal and edible dual-purpose materials in China, and the momordica grosvenori cultivation method has the main effects of relieving cough and reducing phlegm. The fruit has high nutritive value and is rich in vitamin C (400-500 mg per 100 g fresh fruit), glycoside, fructose, glucose, protein, lipid, etc. Fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii contains mogroside (esgoside), which is 300 times sweeter than sucrose; and fructose, amino acid, flavone, etc. The fruit contains non-sugar sweet components, mainly triterpene glycosides: mogroside V and IV [1-3 ]]Glycoside V has 344 times the sweetness of sucrose (srrorose) 256-fold, glycoside IV has 126 times the sweetness of sucrose, and is not sweet without glycoside IV; the secondary is D-mannitol (D-mannitol), which has sweetness 0.55-0.65 times that of cane sugar. It also contains a large amount of glucose (fructose), fructose (fructose) 14%. Contains 26 inorganic elements (Mn, Fe, Ni, Se, Sn, I, Mo, etc.), protein, vitamin C (vitaminC), etc. The kernel contains 41.07% of oil, and the fatty acids in the matrix are as follows: linoleic acid (linoleicacid), oleic acid(oleicacid), palmitic acid (palmitatic), stearic acid (stearicacid), palmitoleic acid (palmitatoic acid), myristic acid (myristic), lauric acid (lauricacid), capric acid (decanoicacid). The feed has sweet taste due to the addition of fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii, and is popular with beaver. Can be used for feeding castors to eat after crushing certain inferior fruits.

Passion fruit, Latin school name:PassifloraeduliaSimsis a grass vine of the genus passion of the family passionflower, about 6 meters in length; the stem has fine stripes and no hair; 5 petals which are as long as sepals; the base part is light green, the middle part is purple, the top part is white, the berry is egg-shaped, the diameter is 3-4 cm, the berry is unhaired, and the berry is purple when the berry is ripe; seeds are majority, oval. The flowering period is 6 months, and the fruit period is 11 months. Escaping from mountain valley jungles with the elevation of 180-1900 m. The original Islands of Islands are widely planted in tropical and subtropical regions. There are two main types, purple fruit and yellow fruit. The plant life is about 20 years, and the economic life is generally 8 to 10 years. The fruit can be eaten as raw food or used as vegetable and feed. It has exciting and strengthening effects when used as a medicine. The pulp is juicy, and can be added with calcium bicarbonate and sugar to make aromatic and delicious beverage, or added into other beverage to improve quality of beverage. The seed can be used for oil extraction, and can be used for preparing edible soap, oil paint, etc. The flower is big and beautiful, has no fragrance, and can be used as a garden ornamental plant. The flavor components are as follows: 6- (2-butenylene) -1,5, 5-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen [ 6-but-2-enylidene) -1,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-1-ene of (Z, E) and (E, F)](2R, 4S, 4aS, 8 aS) -4,4 a-dihydroplumulin [ (2R, 4S, 4aS, 8 aS) -4,4a-epoxy-4, 4-dihydropluman-](2R, 2S, 8 aS) -3-hydroxy-plumericin [ (2R, 3S, 8 aS) -3-hydro-xyducalan](ii) a In the factory for producing juice, the fruit capsule can be used as beverage, and the flesh (husk) can be broken and used as feed for castors.

According to the reports of the literature, the potamone perfume soluble part has an influence on the immune function of mice, and the animal experiments show that the potamone perfume soluble part can reduce the function of secreting antibodies from normal mouse spleen cells, wherein the potamone perfume soluble part is indicated by vitex, zhuwucheng, gaoshua and xueli in Shandong traditional Chinese medicine university. The effect of the compound is equivalent to that of dexamethasone, the ratio P of the compound to normal saline is less than 0.01, the serum hemolysin level of normal mice can be reduced, the effect of the compound is equivalent to that of dexamethasone, and the ratio P of the compound to normal saline is less than 0.05. Experiments show that the castoreum perfume soluble part can reduce the peripheral T lymphocyte function of mice, weaken the activity of the acidic nonspecific lipase, and the group ratio P of the action of the castoreum perfume soluble part to the physiological saline is less than 0.01; in addition, the perfume soluble part of the castoreum can obviously inhibit the phagocytic function of mouse abdominal cavity macrophages. These show that the nutria perfume has strong immunosuppressive action. Therefore, the invention feeds the castors with the plant spice, which has the advantages of (1) good palatability of the feed, vigorous appetite of the castors, promotion of the development of the fragrance glands in the castors, and (2) addition of various nutrient components of the spice, quick development and growth, elimination of bad putrefying bacteria in the intestines and the stomach, consistency of a plurality of chemical biological components of the spice and the fragrance of the sachets of the castors, and exertion of the fragrance of the sachets, which is one of the special creatives of the invention.

The feed for feeding the civets in the breeding process of the civets also needs to ensure enough protein and other nutrient components, such as soybean meal, eggs, sugar-containing plant straws, various amino acids and trace elements, but needs to ensure enough green feed, particularly to reserve the civets and the captive civets, and fully and properly feed fresh pasture, fresh corn stalks, sugarcane tail tips, high-quality pasture, melons and fruits and vegetables, so that the healthy physique and the excellent quality of the civets can be ensured.

In some farms, the fermented feed can also be fed to the beaver, for example, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, EM bacteria and the like are added into the green feed, and strict screening and domestication are carried out to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and putrefying bacteria in the feed, for example, after the lactic acid bacteria and the like become dominant bacteria, the growth of escherichia coli and the like in the environment can be inhibited, so that the feed quality is improved.

Feeding management of nutria

The feeding management is to keep the pen sanitary, properly move and clean the nutria, well prevent heatstroke and avoid cold, and comb hair regularly.

The health of the colony house is a necessary condition for ensuring the healthy growth of the nutria, and the nutria is not easy to suffer from diseases; the movement and cleaning are important links of health of the civets, and the regular combing is more important because the civets are attached with thick villi on the whole body, the subcutaneous adipose tissues are thick, and the heat in the bodies is not easy to dissipate, which is related to the long-term activity of the civets in water. The nutria is not suitable for too high temperature and is often expressed in reproduction, for example, male rats often lack libido, female rats are not easy to conceive in too hot premature ejaculation, and the phenomena of postnatal feeding of the nutria occur. In summer, the temperature is too high, especially in the middle of the day, which easily causes heatstroke. Therefore, corresponding sunstroke prevention measures must be taken. In summer, the pen house of the nutria must be ventilated, trees are planted around the farm to shade, a shading shed is arranged on the nest room, the pool water is changed at regular time and is supplied with sufficient drinking water, fresh green feed is added in the daily ration, and the supply amount of concentrated feed is correspondingly reduced. Feeding of spoiled feed is strictly prohibited. The feed on both sides of the road and around other livestock farms must be cleaned. When the weather is too hot, the water is sprayed to reduce the temperature. When the mice are raised in a group, the number of the mice in the group is reduced, and the raising density is reduced.

The carding planting is to make the civet domesticate and breed the civet, enhance the appetite, reduce the disease and keep healthy and active. In the literature, a process of combing the hair of a beaver or a beaver rat in the breeding process is not searched, the invention plays an important role in regularly combing the hair of the beaver to the healthy constitution of the breeding, and the automatic combing and cleaning device designed by the invention enables the growth of the beaver to be much faster than that of a common beaver or beaver rat and to be healthy.

Breeding of breeding mouse

The propagation characteristics are as follows:

1. after the breeding of the civet breed, the civet breed can be mated and propagated all the year round, the male mouse with sexual maturity age is 4-5 months old, the female mouse with sexual maturity age is about 5-6 months old, the weight can reach 15 kg, and the sexual maturity can be reached in 100 days with good body condition.

2. The oestrus cycle of adult female mice in the sexual cycle is 24-29 days, the oestrus lasts for 2-4 days, and the female mice can oestrus again, mate and be pregnant 3-7 days after delivery.

3. Ovulation is an induced ovulation animal, i.e. ovulation only after receiving a mating stimulus.

4. Oestrus expression of nutria

The bred nutria is different from the breeded nutria which is not bred, can be bred all the year round, and the male mice are in oestrus all the year round and have breeding capability. The oestrus of the female mouse is periodic, and can be divided into three periods according to the behavior and the change of the genitals in an oestrus period:

(1) the mother mouse starts to call like a cow in the initial stage of estrus, the hearing is very sensitive in the initial stage, and the mother mouse immediately returns to the nest when the mother mouse moves slightly. The feed intake is reduced, and the swimming times are increased.

The periphery of the vulva is slightly swollen, the vulva has not yet cracked, the color changes from white in the resting period to pink, and a small amount of thin liquid is secreted.

(2) The pudendum of the female mouse in the peak estrus stage is flushed and gradually deepens, and the vulva is swollen and moist; the vaginal orifice gradually cracks, mucus secretion increases, the vagina becomes thick, and the vulva closes when opened, and continuously twitches to discharge urine with special smell. The mother mouse actively approaches the male mouse, plays with the male mouse, licks with each other by smelling, and receives the crawl. This period lasts for 3-5 days.

(3) The swelling of the pudendum at the end stage of estrus gradually disappears, the vaginal orifice is closed, a small amount of secretion exists, and the color of the pudendum gradually becomes white. The male mouse is not subjected to creeping any more in the period, and is far away from the male mouse and even taken off.

5. Mating

When beaver rats mate, the male rat tightly holds the waist of the female rat by two forelimbs, the hip of the male rat is drawn back and forth in a rhythmic manner, and the female rat stands still. Mating time is 1-2 minutes, and after mating, male and female mice comb the hair with forepaws.

There are three kinds of commonly used pairing methods for pairing seeds and the problems to be paid attention to during the pairing.

(1) A male-female timing mating method comprises the steps of placing an estrus female mouse into a male mouse house for mating, carrying out compounding on an initially-matched female mouse on the third day, and continuously compounding for 2-3 times. If the female mouse still refuses to mate for 5-6 days continuously, the female mouse can be put in the male mouse house again for mating after 20-25 days, and if the female mouse does not bite the frame, the female mouse can be left in the male mouse house for 2-3 days. This method has high conception rate and clear pedigree.

(2) A male-female mating method comprises the steps of breeding 1 male mouse and 5-6 female mice in the same house for a long time, enabling the male mice and the female mice to mate naturally, checking for 2 times every month regularly, separating the pregnant female mice, breeding the pregnant female mice separately, and returning the female mice to the house after the newborn mice are weaned.

(3) The multiple male and female group matching method is characterized in that nearly 4-5 male mice and 20-30 female mice are housed in the same house and freely mate. The pregnant female mice are periodically checked every month and are bred in time. However, the method has unclear pedigree, and all offspring can only be used for commercial mice and cannot be reserved.

The following principles should be noted when setting out the mating:

(1) the oestrus identification of the female mouse must be done. Only the female mouse has accurate estrus identification, successful mating and breeding, high conception rate and high litter size, and the conception rate of the female mouse matched in the early period is proved to be much higher than that of the female mouse matched in the later period. Therefore, once the heat of the female mouse is found, the female mouse should be mated in time to increase the conception rate.

(2) In order to prevent the occurrence of frame biting, the latter breeding method is adopted, the group breeding of young mice is started before sexual maturity, and the group breeding is formed by properly adjusting the mice according to the proportion of male mice to female mice and the area size after sexual maturity.

(3) The beaver male mouse has the coupling selection property, and if the beaver male mouse does not climb over for a long time after the pair is aligned, the beaver male mouse should be replaced again. When the male mouse is put in the house, the female mouse is put in the house from one corner, so that the male mouse can see the female mouse entering the house, otherwise, the male mouse is easy to bite the female mouse.

(4) The female mice in lactation period and the female mice in weaning period have more violent temperament. Therefore, the mating effect of grouping after weaning for 2-3 weeks is good. Once the fierce sexual feeling, injury and weak physique are found in the group breeding group, the group is selected out in time and raised independently, and the group is put back to the group for breeding after the improvement.

6. Pregnancy

The gestation period of the nutria is longer than that of most rodents. The sexual cycle of the pregnant female mouse stops, the female mouse does not have oestrus expression any more, the female mouse is unwilling to approach the male mouse, the early-stage fetus grows slowly, and whether the female mouse is pregnant or not is difficult to judge from the outside. After 80-90 days of gestation, the abdomen becomes large, the nipple becomes hard, the movement becomes slow, and the movement is reduced.

7. Farrowing machine

Most of the nutria are born at night or in the early morning, and the female rat and the Chinese caterpillar fungus are used as nests before parturition, so that mental uneasiness and hair loss around the pudendum are caused. The method is characterized in that 1 mouse is produced every 5-10 minutes, and the female mouse can not eat placenta and die part of the newborn mouse by the continuous farrowing, so that the fetal membranes are timely removed within 12 hours after delivery, and cotton-padded mattresses which are wet and dirty due to farrowing in the small chambers are cleaned. On average, nutria can lay 5-6 baby animals per fetus, and can reach 14 baby animals in more time, and the nutria cultured by the invention can lay 5-6 baby animals in two years.

The newborn mouse is 150-250 g in weight, the eyes of the newborn mouse can be opened after birth, the upper and lower incisors are complete, the body of the newborn mouse is full of fur and villi, the newborn mouse starts to suck milk within about 20 minutes, the newborn mouse can move out of the nest after a few hours, the newborn mouse can swim in water and eat food of the mother mouse, and a breeder needs to pay close attention to the farrowing process.

After main breeding, the female rat needs to increase feed rich in amino acid and high-quality protein, and also needs to pay attention to the proportion of green feed, wherein the feed contains 3-10% by weight of plant spice; the young rat can absorb the useful components in the spice and the fragrance of the fragrance gland is strong after the young rat grows up.

8. Feeding management of female mouse in gestation period

After the nutria is pregnant, the heat is not released, the early development of the fetus is slow after the fetus grows in the sense organ, the physical condition of the mother mouse is good, the appetite is increased, the hair color is bright, but the movement is relatively reduced. In the later stage of pregnancy, the fetus grows rapidly, the birth weight of the newborn mouse is about 100-150 g, and 70% of the newborn mouse is formed in the last 25-30 days. Therefore, the pregnant female mouse should adopt the principle of low level in the early stage, normal level in the middle stage and high level in the later stage in the breeding. In the first half period after pregnancy, about 270-300 g of succulent feed is supplied every day, 80-100 g of hay is supplied, and 120-150 g of concentrate is fed every day, wherein 110-150 g of grain batch, 5-10 g of bean cake and feeding yeast, 4-8 g of animal feed and 1.5 g of salt are supplied every day. In the latter half of pregnancy, the daily feeding amount of each mother rat is 330-450 g of famous juice green feed and 140-190 g of concentrate, wherein 130-180 g of grain mixture, 5-10 g of bean cake and feeding yeast, 5-8 g of animal feed and 80-120 g of hay are added, and a compound vitamin additive is added, and the amount of the added concentrate is flexibly controlled according to the condition of the weight of the mother rat, so that the condition of the maternal rat is suitable.

If the management of the pregnant mice is not good, abortion is easily caused. Therefore, during pregnancy, single feeding should be performed, frequent capturing of pregnant females is prohibited, and particularly, water in the water pool is replaced every day in the later period of pregnancy. Feeding moldy and deteriorated feed and green feed which is stored for a long time in summer and is heated are strictly forbidden.

Fifth, nursing and maintaining method for newborn mouse of nutria

Newborn mice refer to beaver from birth to weaning. The newborn mouse has the characteristics of vigorous metabolism, rapid growth and development, obvious weight gain and the like. The weight of a newly born baby mouse is 150-250 g, the weight of a 10-day-old baby mouse is 350-380 g, the weight of a 20-day-old baby mouse is 420-430 g, the weight of a 30-day-old baby mouse is 600-650 g, and the weight of a 40-day-old baby mouse can reach 900-1000 g.

The newly-born mice are weak in physical function and poor in resistance, and are difficult to adapt to severe living environments. Therefore, attention should be paid to warm and dry the nest, sufficient light, fresh air and good sanitation. If the female mouse dies, suffers from diseases, lacks milk, has excessive farrowing, has weak maternal performance and the like after childbirth, measures for replacement culture or artificial feeding should be taken. And (5) breeding for generation. The precondition of the breeding is as follows: the farrowing period is similar, the size of the newborn mouse is basically consistent, the lactation amount of the female mouse receiving the breeding is sufficient, the number born is small, and the maternal performance is strong. The specific method comprises the steps that firstly, a fostered female mouse is led out of a nest chamber, then a fostered young mouse is placed into the nest chamber, the fostered young mouse and the original young mouse are mixed in smell, and then the female mouse is placed back into the nest; or placing the newborn mouse at the entrance of the external cavity of the nest, wiping the newborn mouse with milk, urine, blood during birth and litter grass to make the odor similar, and holding the newborn mouse in the nest by the newborn mouse. If the mother mouse does not accept other baby mice, a sharp cry is generated, and the small chamber is opened immediately to take the foster mouse away so as not to be bitten by the mother mouse. The fostered pups should have some hair cut out as a marker to differentiate the lineages. Artificial feeding: the baby mice which are not successfully bred or can not find suitable breeding mother mice at a moment are artificially bred. The specific method comprises the following steps: feeding fresh milk heated to 35 deg.C every 3 hr for 3 days before birth, 1 g each for 10 days, and adding bread or cooked rice porridge 3-4 days after birth. After 10 days, the milk amount is increased to 4-5 g each time, and the bread can be replaced by the soft cooked corn and soybean. The artificial feeding is troublesome, the cost is high, but the survival rate is high, and the newborn mice can be domesticated well.

Sixthly, construction of nutria farm

Farm building

The mode of breeding the nutria is various and is determined according to the characteristics, the scale and the possible conditions of capital and the like of different areas. Generally, there are captive breeding, indoor breeding, cage breeding, etc. Taking housing as an example, the housing is constructed by a group as a unit with an area of about 5.6m²。

The selection of the farm should be far away from residential points and industrial places, and the building should be in the north and south directions and pay attention to wind and rain prevention. Special attention should be paid to preventing each summer, and winter protection and heat preservation should be carried out in winter. Keep ventilating, disinfecting in the cage, prevent ponding, long-pending just, keep the environmental cleaning.

The construction requirements of the nutria farm are mainly to adapt to the life habits of nutria, generally 3 conditions such as a nest hole (nest) for living in a cave, a sports ground for activities, a pool for bathing and the like need to be met, and attention is paid to local conditions, local materials are used, and the nutria farm is attractive, firm and economical.

1. Construction facility structure

The buildings of the farm comprise a shed, a feed processing room, a fur processing room, a veterinary medicine room, a sick and mouse isolation room, a feed warehouse, a green feed storage room, a manager office and the like. In order to facilitate scientific breeding management, improve the working efficiency and reduce the production cost, the construction facilities must be reasonably arranged. Usually, the rat shed should be separated from other buildings by a certain distance, but not too far away, so that the requirements of hygiene and epidemic prevention are met, and the operation and management are convenient. In general, feed warehouses and storage rooms are close to a feed processing room so as to be convenient to transport; the isolation room should be far away from the feeding shed, and the fur processing room should also be far away from the shed, and is convenient for outside the sewage disposal plant.

2. Construction of shed

The beaver source of the invention is an amphibious animal, and must be designed and built according to the life habit when building a shed, and the basic requirements are that an aquatic activity place, a dry ground motion place and a sleeping and resting chamber are required. Each shed is 23 meters long and 3.5 meters wide, and the height of the wall of the shed is about 1.2 meters. The length of the small chamber is 1.0-1.2 meters, the width is 0.5-0.6 meters, the height of the front wall is 0.65 meters, and the height of the rear wall is 0.5 meters. The water chamber is about 2 square meters generally, and the water depth is 0.5-0.6 meter.

3. Water source

The breeding of the nutria needs a large amount of pollution-free clean water for drinking and bathing, and in addition, a large amount of water is needed for washing the colony house, so that a large-scale breeding farm needs to be provided with a deep well to ensure the water source supply. By using tap water, the supply is guaranteed and no pollution is caused.

4. Auxiliary building

The animal house is a main building, and operators should also pay attention to the fact that some auxiliary houses are matched with the main building to guarantee smooth breeding work. Such as a feed storage room, a feed processing room, a fur primary processing room and the like. The heating problem of rat culture in winter is also considered in northern areas.

5. Cleaning device

The nutria is clean like other kinds of beaver or nutria, and likes swimming; therefore, a small water pool or a regular spraying device should be arranged in the stall for bathing.

The invention also designs a combing and growth promoting device which is formed by the components of a specific combing device arranged on a farm, (1) a transmission belt, (2) a water pipe, (3) a spray head, (4) a rough brush, and (5) a soft brush, and the like, and the combing and cleaning are carried out on the castors regularly, so that the castors can be domesticated and domesticated without being afraid of people, the appetite is enhanced, diseases are reduced, and the castors are healthy and active.

Disease control and prevention of civet

The civet genus amphibious animal has relatively less chance of disease infection, but is ill in breeding management and still easily suffers from diseases. Common diseases are: pasteurellosis, salmonellosis, pneumonia, acute gastroenteritis, etc.

(1) Pasteurellosis

Pasteurellosis is an acute infectious disease caused by pasteurella multocida and characterized by sepsis and dirt bleeding. Especially the young animals have strong susceptibility. Pathogens of the disease often enter the livestock farm through animal feed, slaughterhouse non-staple food, internal dirt, skeletons and the like, so that outbreak epidemic of the pasteurellosis is caused. Generally, it is a sporadic form, which usually occurs in spring, summer and autumn.

The disease is mostly acute, the incubation period is 2-3 days, the disease dies suddenly, the sick animals are depressed in spirit, refused to eat, dry rhinoscope, difficult to breathe, red oral mucosa and diarrhea exist, excrement turns grey green and is mixed with blood, red nasal fluid flows out, the body temperature rises to 41-41.5 ℃, and the disease dies in continuous spasm attack.

[ TREATMENT ] A high-quality feed is supplied, monovalent or polyvalent anti-Pasteurella serum is injected at the same time, 1-1 ml of stone for adult animals and 0.5-2 ml of young animals are injected, the early treatment with antibiotics and sulfonamides has better curative effect, in addition, 2.5-10 ten thousand units of penicillin per kilogram of body weight, 3 ten thousand units of streptomycin per kilogram of body weight and 2.5 ten thousand units of streptomycin per kilogram of body weight can be used, and the intramuscular injection is carried out for 2-3 times per day for a plurality of days.

(2) Salmonella choleraesuis

a. The cause of the disease, salmonella disease also known as paratyphoid, is an acute or chronic infectious disease caused by various bacteria of the genus salmonella and characterized by gastrointestinal dysfunction, septicemia and maternal and murine abortion. The disease is caused by a plurality of reasons, such as excessive feeding density, lack of complete feed, mutation of daily ration, sudden change of weather, feeding of mildewed feed, carelessness of colony house sanitation, malnutrition of young mice after weaning, resistance reduction and the like. The symptom b, the acute type, is mainly manifested by gastrointestinal dysfunction, shortness of breath, difficulty and blood-decay. Acute symptoms: mental depression, no love for movement, often squat at one corner: the appetite is declined or exhausted, and the quilt is rough and dull; two eyes have no spirit and have more lacrimation; thin fecal water, sometimes mixed with mucus or blood; the limbs are weak, and the patient can not lie down for a long time, get thin quickly, and die after exhaustion. The malignant type has no obvious symptoms, and the death can be realized within hours after the disease is developed; acute type death occurs in 1-2 days. The chronic course lasts for 3-4 weeks, and most of the diseases die due to exhaustion after long-term illness, namely the diseases do not die, and the growth and development are not good. Most of the young mice died within 2-3 days.

c. For prevention and treatment, the disease is mainly transmitted through the digestive tract, and water and feed are main infection sources. Therefore, the sanitation management is enhanced, and the pollution of feed and drinking water is prevented; meanwhile, the breeding environment should be improved, the breeding density should be reduced, the temperature regulation should be enhanced, and the protection against cold and cold should be taken. Once the sick mice were found, they were immediately isolated for treatment with chloramphenicol or oxytetracycline, 4-5 million units per intramuscular daily, with synomycin or streptomycin, 35 mg per day for 7 consecutive days. The housing of the sick rat is used after being strictly disinfected.

(3) Pneumonia [ diagnosis ] mice have anorexia, dyspnea, urge or cough accompanied with increased body temperature and dry nasal cavity. In the later stage, the appetite is lost, and the patient is soon rolled into a new one, and the patient dies.

The causes of the diseases are mainly developed from bronchitis, factors such as overwork, cold, stimulation of physical and chemical factors, changeable climate, long-distance transportation and the like cause the body to be weak, the resistance to diseases is reduced, and the diseases are induced, such as pneumococcus, staphylococcus, streptococcus and the like are all nonspecific pathogens of pneumonia.

[ PROBLEMS ] mental depression, stiffness, rough and disorderly fur, anorexia or vitamin waste, body temperature rise of 1.5-2 deg.C, atony or intermittent heat, difficult respiration, accelerated respiratory rate, reddening of visual enamel, lung auscultation, wet rales at the early and middle stages of the disease, and dry rales at the later stage.

[ TREATMENT ] the therapeutic principle is to strengthen nursing, antisepsis and anti-inflammation, relieve cough and eliminate phlegm and stop exudation. Clinically, antibiotics and sulfanilamide preparations are mainly applied, common antibiotics comprise penicillin, streptomycin and broad-spectrum antibiotic, and common sulfanilamide preparation is sulfamethoxazole. The penicillin is injected intramuscularly for 10-20 ten thousand units, 3 times a day, if the penicillin is used for several months continuously, the penicillin and the streptomycin can be used for co-injection, 2.5-5 ten thousand units per kilogram of body weight are used for 2 times a day, and the penicillin is used for several days continuously. If hyperpyrexia occurs, Antondine is administered to animals refusing food, and 10% glucose and vitamin B, C are injected subcutaneously for fluid replacement.

[ PROPHYLACTIC ] can keep the environment clean and dry, remove feces and urine in time and prevent the generation of irritant gases.

The pneumococcus is an acute high-contact zoonosis infectious disease caused by the pneumococcus, the outbreak of large and medium-sized domestic animals such as human, pigs, cattle and the like is reported in the clinical field of Chinese medicine and animal medicine, and once the pneumococcus occurs, the pneumococcus needs to be treated in time so as to avoid causing malignant infection. [ therapeutic ] penicillin and streptomycin are injected, or folium Isatidis is injected, and the powder for clearing lung-heat and tetracycline are administered.

(4) Gastroenteritis

[ etiological factors ] due to poor feeding management, such as poor feed hygiene and quality, improper drinking, improper feed preparation, or frequent feed changes. In addition, if the environment is poor, the weather changes, and the resistance of animals is reduced by long-distance transportation, the disease can also be caused, and gastroenteritis can be generated secondarily by some infectious diseases and parasitic diseases.

[ PROBLEMS ] animals with symptoms of decreased appetite, vomiting in some cases, no food in the later period, lassitude, diarrhea, bloody stool in severe cases, rectocele in young beaver, and puffy abdominal hair, and the course of disease is mostly 1-3 days.

[ TREATMENT ] the therapeutic principle is to clean the stomach and intestine, protect the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestine, prevent the putrefactive fermentation of the contents of the stomach and intestine, maintain the heart disease function, remove the toxin and enhance the immunity.

For the patients with animal diseases, broad-spectrum antibiotics or sulfamidine or other drugs can be added into the feed, or compound vitamin B solution, oral quinitol, fenaminoxidil, etc. can be injected intramuscularly or intravenously with 5% glucose solution.

[ PROPHYLACTIC ] paying attention to the quality of feed and the sanitation of drinking water, strengthening feeding management, establishing a sound feeding management system and improving the level of feeding managers.

(5) The dystocia of the female mouse is mainly characterized in that the female mouse has the symptoms of childbirth in the early stage after pregnancy, but does not have the phenomenon of fetal childbirth. Then, the fetus is unable to produce, the vulva is swollen, the spirit is depressed, or the dirty liquid flows out without seeing the fetus, or only part of the fetus is exposed without appearing. The abdomen still swells and fails to die after a long time. [ treatment ] oxytocin can be used when the fetus enters the pelvic cavity, the uterus is opened and the labor is not only high, and oxytocin is injected, and cesarean delivery is carried out when the contraction of the fetus is not strengthened after 1 hour. Mice are forbidden to be launched after operation, and are singly raised and fed with fresh penicillin injection 40 ten thousand units. (6) Other parasitic infections [ diagnostic ] Gong's Toxoplasma gondii; fasciola hepatica; artificial ventral disc trematode: parasitizing the large intestine (colon) of nutria; roundworm-like: parasitizing in the small intestine of nutria; dog toxocara canis: nutria is a transfer host, and second-stage larvae parasitize tissues such as brain, liver and the like and can cause nervous symptoms. Becoming the source of infection for dogs. [ treatment ] the water in the pool is changed frequently by paying attention to sanitation and disinfection frequently, and iodine tincture or Eddy disinfectant can be added according to the concentration.

In addition, the following points are noted in the process of breeding the nutria:

[ mental State ] examination

Healthy animals are flexible in performance, sensitive in response, and bright in eyes. While abnormal spirit may be manifested as depression or excitation, depression in mild cases and lethargy or coma in severe cases. When depressed, the diseased animal with low head, cool and weak surrounding, slow response to the stimulus and often hide in the corner. The excitation is the expression of the increase of the brain excitability of animals, and the expression is obvious if the animals suffering from the mania disease.

[ postural ] examination

Healthy animals have natural postures, climb along the edges and jump very quickly during sports, and under the diseased state, the animals often show abnormal postures such as pathological lying, fracture, dislocation, severe rickets and the like, and specific abnormal postures such as forced posture, unstable posture, forced sports, ataxia and the like are often shown during certain metabolic diseases and stomachache.

[ NUTRITION ] examination

The nutritional status is the concrete manifestations of good and bad feeding management and disease process, such as fast emaciation, which is often seen in acute severe diarrhea; progressive emaciation, which is mostly caused by various chronic diseases (such as tuberculosis and Aleutian disease); dysplasia, other than premature, is often associated with inadequate feed supply and poor quality, particularly protein feed.

Examination of [ quilt fur & skin ]

The healthy animal has smooth and smooth quilt hair, luster and difficult shedding. However, the difference between the disease and the normal hair change is noticed, and the diseased animals are often rough and disorderly, and lose luster, and have different lengths. If host diseases occur, the quilt hair is largely shed; when the animal is lack of vitamins, the fur is dull and dull.

The examination of the skin includes the color, elasticity, temperature, presence or absence of swelling, etc. of the skin. The skin color can be changed according to the color of visible mucosa, and suspected liver disease is caused when the skin of the animal is yellow, and suspected respiratory disease is caused when the skin is red. The temperature of the skin can be felt with the back of the hand. The increase of skin temperature is seen in all febrile diseases, and the decrease of skin temperature is seen in severe encephalopathy, exhaustion and malnutrition. Healthy animals have good skin elasticity and recover quickly when pulled up by hands, and wrinkles recover slowly when skin is pulled up when dehydration or chronic skin diseases occur, so that it is natural to pay attention to poor skin elasticity of old animals.

Examination of [ visible mucous membranes ]

The method comprises the examination of eye conjunctiva, nasal mucosa, oral mucosa, vulva and vaginal mucosa, is mainly the examination of eye conjunctiva clinically, and can judge the cause of disease according to the color change of the eye conjunctiva.

Conjunctival flushing is a sign of congestion of subconjunctival capillaries, and is seen in a variety of febrile diseases; small blood vessels are extremely obvious and dendritic, and are seen in encephalitis, blood circulation disorder and the like; pale conjunctiva, a characteristic of preparatory anemia; acute pallor is seen in acute blood loss, liver and splenomegaly vessel rupture, infectious anemia and the like.

Conjunctival infection is the result of increased bilirubin in the blood and is seen in a variety of liver diseases, parasitic diseases and the like.

[ body temperature ] examination

The homothermal animal has a developed thermoregulatory center and a stable temperature range called normal body temperature and also called chief physical body temperature.

The body temperature of healthy animals can cause some physiological changes under the influence of certain main physiological factors: for example, young animals are higher than adult animals, pregnant animals are higher than pregnant animals, and obese animals are higher than malnourished animals. In addition, when the tested animal is excited, tensed and exercised, the body temperature can be temporarily and slightly raised. When proctitis occurs and diarrhea frequently occurs, rectal measurement has certain errors, the influence of principle factors is eliminated, and the animal body temperature change is caused by certain diseases.

(7) Prevention of civet disease

The invention relates to a nutria which is characterized in that: the breeding management is strengthened, and the disease resistance is improved. The cleanliness and sanitation of the feed should be paid attention. Keeping the water quality in the field clean and sanitary. The preventive inoculation is well performed, the preventive inoculation is performed periodically for salmonellosis, pasteurellosis, colibacillosis and the like, and diagnostic examination is performed for coccidiosis, tinea multocida and the like. The environmental sanitation is well achieved, and various sanitary systems, disinfection systems, disposal rules of dead animals and the like are established. The disinfection system of personnel entering and leaving the factory is strict. And (5) timely eliminating the sick mice. When infectious diseases occur, the diagnosis is confirmed as soon as possible, the epidemic situation is reported, and the isolation is quickly carried out and the sealing is tightly carried out; emergency inoculation and timely treatment; thoroughly disinfecting and properly treating.

(8) Epidemic prevention measures

The epidemic prevention measures are methods for preventing, controlling and eliminating the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases, and comprise the prevention of the infectious diseases and emergency extinguishing measures taken after the infectious diseases occur.

a. Quarantine inspection

Quarantine is to apply a variety preparation diagnosis method to inspect animal groups and take corresponding measures to prevent the occurrence and spread of epidemic diseases, and animal quarantine can be classified into production place quarantine, transportation quarantine, state port quarantine and the like according to the dynamic and operation forms of animals and products thereof. The quarantine of the producing area is to inspect the producing area of animals and the animals sold in the market, and immediately isolate, block, inoculate and the like the epidemic situation. Transportation quarantine is to strictly inspect animals in the transportation process, carefully treat animals and corpses with infectious diseases in the transportation process, thoroughly clean and disinfect vehicles and ships for transporting animals, keep apart and raise for a period of time when the animals reach a destination, and mix the animals after inspection. The foreign port quarantine does not allow foreign animal epidemic diseases to be transmitted, does not allow domestic animal epidemic diseases to be transmitted to foreign countries, and common infectious diseases and zoonosis should be taken as key objects for quarantine.

b. Immunization; can be divided into preventive vaccination and emergency vaccination. Vaccination is immunization of healthy animal populations prior to non-onset, such as injection of vaccines, immune sera, and the like. However, it is important to take strict examination of the animals before vaccination, and to quickly extinguish the disease if an emergency vaccination is required before the disease has already occurred. Theoretically, immune serum is firstly used for emergency vaccination, and then the vaccine is injected after 1-2 months, and practice shows that the vaccine can be directly used for emergency vaccination when the pestilence heat and rabbit hemorrhagic disease occur, and the immune effect is quite satisfactory.

c isolation and lockout

When the zoon is infected, the sick group, the suspicious infected group and the supposed healthy group are kept in isolation for observation so as to eliminate the infection source, the isolation place prohibits the entrance and exit of people and animals, the entrance and exit of workers should follow a disinfection system, and appliances, feed, excrement and the like in the isolation area are not thoroughly disinfected and are not transported out. In case of a suspected infection, an emergency vaccination or prophylactic treatment should be carried out immediately. Assuming that the healthy population is immediately subject to emergency vaccination, it can be moved to a new cage for feeding, via professional management.

When some infectious diseases are outbreak, in order to control the epidemic area within the minimum range, the epidemic area is defined to take a blocking measure, so that the epidemic disease is prevented from spreading to a safe area and healthy animals are prevented from entering the safe area by mistake and being infected. The principle that the sealing lock should control 'early, fast, tight and small' is that an obvious mark is set at the edge of the sealing lock, a supervision sentry is set, susceptible animals are prohibited from passing through a sealing lock line, non-susceptible animals, people, vehicles and objects entering and exiting the sealing lock area are strictly disinfected, and the animals in the sealing lock area are managed by special people.

When the blockade is released, the blockade can be released after the last sick livestock is killed or healed and is detected and observed for more than one incubation period of the disease and qualified by the inspection of agriculture and animal husbandry departments.

(9) Disinfection

Disinfection is an important measure for eliminating or killing the infectious agents and pathogens discharged in the external environment, and aims to eliminate the infectious agents, cut off the transmission path and prevent the epidemic diseases from spreading continuously. The sterilization method includes three methods, namely a physical sterilization method, a biological sterilization method and a chemical sterilization method. Physical disinfection methods include cleaning, sweeping, sun drying, air drying and high temperature treatment; the main material disinfection method comprises the biological fermentation treatment of excrement, sewage and other wastes; the chemical sterilization method is a sterilization treatment using a chemical agent.

The technical characteristics of breed breeding, breeding of stock rats, feed proportioning, young rat domestication, site construction, epidemic prevention and disease treatment and feeding management of the nutria are given, and the following steps are summarized:

the outstanding substantive features and remarkable progress of the invention are as follows:

1. according to the characteristics of the beaver, a beaver variety which is large in body size, healthy, good in food preference and omnivorous, high in yield, large in sachet, rich in fragrance and long in tail is bred and bred, and is reserved as a breeding stock mouse; the offspring inherits the advantages of male beaver in North America or European cold regions and female parents with strong adaptive capacity to environment, high breeding rate, strong body shape, good preference for food and omnivory, large sachets, strong aroma and long tail, improves the population of the beaver, has stable quality, ensures that Chinese carnivores are adaptive to the breeding of breeding specialized households or farmers by carefully issuing breeding licenses under the condition of well done epidemic prevention measures, supplements the sources of meat varieties, can also obtain high-quality sachet raw materials and high-quality fur raw materials of the beaver, ensures that farmers in vast mountainous regions are off poverty and rich, and is suitable for the national modern precise poverty-relieving strategy.

2. The feed fed in the course of breeding nutria contains 3-10% of plant perfume by weight percentage, so that it is a very important test, and after the invented inventor's efforts, the volume and weight of nutria perfume bag and perfume gland of the bred nutria are increased by about 5% compared with that of general feed, and the fragrance is strong, and its quality is raised, and the taste of the feed as meat is fragrant and sweet.

3. The tail of the bred civet variety is long, the quality is excellent, the civet variety has high strength as a medical suture line, is not easy to reject, does not need to be torn off, has good absorption of human body wounds, promotes healing, does not leave scars, can extract 40 suture lines from the tail of one civet, and improves the finished product rate by more than 10 percent compared with the current common civet.

4. The offspring of the bred nutria inherits the advantages of thick and soft down feather and good fur quality of male nutria in North America or European cold regions, and is suitable to be used as a high-grade fur clothing raw material.

5. The construction of a field in the breeding process is provided, the farm must be ventilated, plants and personnel are avoided from being mixed, a place with comfortable environment, severe cold and hot summer is provided for breeding and breeding of the nutria, and the carding device is specially designed to provide a habit of cleanness and sanitation for the skin and fur of the nutria.

6. The bred civet variety has strong offspring adaptability, can be cultivated in the south and north of China, is suitable for feeding plants in the south of Guangxi province, such as mulberry stems, various cattle and sheep pastures, ginkgo leaves, poplar leaves, willow branches, maple leaves, paper mulberry leaves, momordica grosvenori vines and the like, is also suitable for feeding plants in the south of Guangxi province, such as sugarcane tips, mulberry stems, bamboo leaves, sticktight, banyan leaves, passion fruit vines, kudzu vine roots, old tea leaves and the like, and is successful in cultivation in several test point counties in the autonomous region of Guangxi Zhuang nationality, such as Yongfu county, Bama county, Nanning city, Mashan county, transverse county and defense county, and harbor city in the past, and achieves the expected effect.

7. The prevention of the disease of the nutria is provided, and particularly, diagnosis and treatment management schemes of various common diseases are provided, so that the nutria breeding has enough measures to ensure healthy breeding.

Drawings

The attached drawings are a plurality of photos of the civet fed by the invention:

FIG. 1 a breeder is domesticating a beaver;

FIG. 2 the mother mouse with the lead mouse is eating the green feed;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a newly constructed beaver house;

FIG. 4 shows a beaver combing and washing apparatus;

number part names of fig. 4: 1. a transmission belt, 2, a water pipe, 3, a spraying device, 4 and a combing brush.

Detailed Description

The following are examples of the present invention:

example 1

(1) Seed selection; selecting a male beaver in Canada or America which is large in body size, strong in activity and strong as a male parent A for breeding, wherein the male parent A requires thick and soft villi and good preference for food and omnivory; selecting healthy Mongolian subspecies with high reproduction rate, strong body shape, long tail, large sachet, strong fragrance and good preference for food and omnivory, and domesticated female beaver in Xinjiang Boolean root river of border of China and Mongolia as female parent B for breeding; hybridizing the male parent A and the female parent B; the Guangxi breeding land is bred in a Yongfu county breeding base, and the female parent B is bred locally for more than 2 years;

(2) eliminating breeding; through elimination and breeding for a plurality of generations, the nutria which is large in body size, healthy, good in food preference and omnivorous, high in child production rate, large in sachet, rich in fragrance and long in tail is reserved as a breeding stock C; obtaining male civet D with strong body, long tail, thick and soft fluff as sachet, meat and tail as medical suture;

(3) stabilizing the population; keeping the male parent A and the female mouse C as breeding rats, and breeding the female mouse C again if the breeding rats are degenerated or are not suitable for breeding, so as to ensure the population stability.

The main feed raw materials are rice chaff, wheat, corn and bean pulp. The rice chaff is 50%, the wheat is 25%, the corn is 20%, the bean pulp is 5%, and in addition, 0.5% of salt is added into 100 jin of feed.

The amount of feed required throughout the year, typically one at 10-11 months of age: refining: 33-37 kg. The feed comprises 296-33 kg of mixed forage, 1.8-2.2 kg of leguminous seeds, yeast and cake, 1.6-1.8 kg of fish meal and bone meal, 40-47 kg of feeding beet and other root crops, 27-30 kg of pasture, 3-33 kg of grass powder and hay and 03 kg of salt. Because the feed conditions and conditions are different in various regions, the feed can be flexibly applied according to specific conditions so as to achieve the purposes of full nutrition and reduction of feed cost. When feeding, the feeding system of timing, quantitative, fixed material shape and fixed material seed must be strictly observed. According to the characteristics of fine eating, long time and great spoiling of the feed, less feeding, frequent adding and more observation are needed. Each feeding can be completed by two times of main feeding and head supplementing, and the residual materials are taken out after 30 minutes. Therefore, the appetite can be stimulated, so that fresh feed can be eaten as much as possible, and waste is avoided. In a common way, the chicken cannot lay eggs and the pigs cannot lay piglets', and if the nutrition is excessive, the weight of the female mouse is excessively increased, and the female mouse is finally infertile. Therefore, it is very important to introduce scientific feeding and reasonable pairing growth and development.

According to the breeding method of the civet breed, the feed fed by the breeding processes of the male parent A, the female parent B, the breeding female mouse C and the male breeding civet D and E contains 3-10 wt% of plant spice; the digestive system and the fragrance gland can absorb useful components in the perfume, and the fragrance of the fragrance gland is strong. The plant spice comprises one or more of herba Cymbopogonis Citrari, herba Lysimachiae Foenumgraeci, Perillae herba, herba Rosmarini officinalis, flos Caryophylli, fructus Foeniculi, fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii, and Passiflora edulis.

Example 2

(1) Seed selection; selecting great, strong and strong male beaver introduced into UK or Turkish as male parent A for breeding, wherein the male parent A requires thick and soft villus and good preference for food and omnivory; selecting healthy Mongolian subspecies with high reproduction rate, strong body shape, long tail, large sachet, strong fragrance and good preference for food and omnivory, and domesticated female beaver in Xinjiang Boolean root river of border of China and Mongolia as female parent B for breeding; hybridizing the male parent A and the female parent B; the Guangxi breeding place is at the civet base of Bama county in Guangxi, and the female parent B is bred locally for more than 2 years;

(2) eliminating breeding; through elimination and breeding for a plurality of generations, the nutria which is large in body size, healthy, good in food preference and omnivorous, high in child production rate, large in sachet, rich in fragrance and long in tail is reserved as a breeding stock C; obtaining male civet D with strong body, long tail, thick and soft fluff as sachet, meat and tail as medical suture; other produced female mice or male mice E which are not suitable for seed reservation are used as breeding mice for taking sachets, tails and meat for self-breeding;

(3) stabilizing the population; keeping the male parent A and the female mouse C as breeding mice, reserving seeds and continuing breeding; and if the female mouse is degenerated or the breeding condition is not suitable, breeding the female mouse C again to ensure the population stability.

According to the breeding method of the civet breed, the feed fed in the breeding process of the male parent A, the female parent B and the offspring mouse C contains 3-10 wt% of plant spice; the digestive system and the fragrance gland can absorb useful components in the perfume, and the fragrance of the fragrance gland is strong. The plant spice comprises one or more of herba Cymbopogonis Citrari, herba Lysimachiae Foenumgraeci, Perillae herba, herba Rosmarini officinalis, flos Caryophylli, fructus Foeniculi, fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii, and Passiflora edulis.

Example 3

(1) Seed selection; a male beaver in Canada or Argentina with large body, strong activity and robustness is selected as a male parent A for breeding, and the male parent A requires thick and soft villi and good food preference and omnivory; selecting healthy Mongolian subspecies with high reproduction rate, strong body shape, long tail, large sachet, strong fragrance and good preference for food and omnivory, and domesticated female beaver in Xinjiang Boolean root river of border of China and Mongolia as female parent B for breeding; hybridizing the male parent A and the female parent B; the Guangxi breeding places are bred in Mashan county breeding bases, and female parents B are bred locally for more than 2 years.

(2) Eliminating breeding; through elimination and breeding for a plurality of generations, the nutria which is large in body size, healthy, good in food preference and omnivorous, high in child production rate, large in sachet, rich in fragrance and long in tail is reserved as a breeding stock C; male nutria D with strong body, long tail, and thick and soft floss is obtained as sachet, meat and tail for medical suture.

(3) Stabilizing the population; keeping the male parent A and the female mouse C as breeding mice, reserving seeds and continuing breeding; and if the female mouse is degenerated or the breeding condition is not suitable, breeding the female mouse C again to ensure the population stability.

According to the breeding method of the civet breed, the feed fed by the breeding processes of the male parent A, the female parent B, the breeding female mouse C and the male breeding civet D and E contains 3-10 wt% of plant spice; the digestive system and the fragrance gland can absorb useful components in the perfume, and the fragrance of the fragrance gland is strong. The plant spice comprises one or more of herba Cymbopogonis Citrari, herba Lysimachiae Foenumgraeci, Perillae herba, herba Rosmarini officinalis, flos Caryophylli, fructus Foeniculi, fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii, and Passiflora edulis.

The following is the detection report of the civet breed (civet) meat of the invention:

table 1, nutria meat (1000 g) of the present invention is compared with chicken, rabbit meat, beef, mutton, pork nutrients:

example 4 example of breeding a castoreum:

(1) well preventing heatstroke: it is not resistant to heat and is not tolerant to direct and smoldering weather. Therefore, in summer, attention must be paid to heatstroke prevention, and a cover such as a tree branch, a straw curtain and the like needs to be additionally arranged on the cover of the colony house for shading. In summer, the temperature is reduced, and the pond water can be replaced frequently to keep cool.

(2) Keeping the colony house sanitary: the water should be changed 2-3 times every day, and the dirt in the pond water is removed when the water is changed every time, preferably the normal running water. The civet breed has strong self-cleaning ability, and the nest is slightly dirty, so that it can feel uneasy, and the excrement and the residual food in the pen can be removed in time to prevent fermentation in the pen. In addition, at high temperature, the green forage grass is not required to be changed into the litter, the litter decays and ferments to generate high heat, so that the temperature in the nest rises, and the beaver is suffocated. The paralytic disease is easy to occur due to the dampness in the fossa.

(3) Adding various vitamins: the life activities of animals are related to vitamins, and if the vitamins are lacked, the activities of enzymes in the body are reduced, and the corresponding metabolic processes are blocked, so that the growth, the propagation and the disease resistance of the civet breed are influenced. Therefore, the composite vitamin should be added to the daily ration in a ratio of 0.02%. In addition, the vitamins are easy to decompose when meeting high temperature, so the prepared complete feed can be doped with the vitamins after the complete feed is cooled, and the vitamins are required to be frequently added.

Example 5 construction of nutria

There are underwater activity places, dry-ground sport places and sleeping and resting rooms. Each shed is 23 meters long and 3.5 meters wide, and the height of the wall of the shed is about 1.2 meters. The length of the small chamber is 1.0-1.2 meters, the width is 0.5-0.6 meters, the height of the front wall is 0.65 meters, and the height of the rear wall is 0.5 meters. The water chamber is about 2 square meters generally, and the water depth is 0.5-0.6 meter.

In the process of constructing the civet fence house, one or a plurality of combing and cleaning devices are arranged in the fence house, and civets are periodically driven into the civet fence house to be combed and cleaned, so that the civets are domesticated and are not afraid of people, the fur is clean, the appetite is enhanced, diseases are reduced, and the civets are healthy and active.

Claims (5)

1. A domestication method of civets is characterized in that: comprises the processes of variety breeding, reproduction of nutria, feed proportioning, young domestication, site construction, epidemic prevention and disease treatment and feeding management;

the variety breeding comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a river racoon dog which is big in body shape, strong in activity, thick, soft and robust in villus in cold areas, and selecting a river racoon dog which is high in reproduction rate, robust in body shape, long in tail, big in sachet, strong in fragrance, good in appetite and good in omnivory and domesticated in the south; (2) by adopting a pedigree breeding method and through a plurality of generations of elimination breeding, a nutria variety which is large in body size, good in preference for eating and eating, high in seed yield, large in perfume sac, strong in fragrance, large and long in tail is obtained, and the bred nutria variety is called as 'civet';

the feed proportioning is that the feed fed in the breeding process contains 1-5 wt% of plant spice, so that the civet capsules are enlarged and the fragrance is strong;

the site construction mainly adapts to the life habit of the civet, and needs to meet a plurality of conditions of a nest hole or nest for the civet to live in a cave, a playground for activities and a pool for bathing;

the young domestication is a process of feeding and domesticating young animals from birth to weaning;

the epidemic prevention and treatment are the prevention and treatment and the epidemic prevention of common diseases of the civets;

the breeding management is to keep the pen sanitary, properly move and clean the civets, well prevent heatstroke and avoid cold, and comb hairs regularly.

2. The method for domesticating a caster according to claim 1, wherein: the plant spice comprises one or more of herba Cymbopogonis Citrari, herba Lysimachiae Foenumgraeci, Perillae herba, herba Rosmarini officinalis, flos Caryophylli, fructus Foeniculi, fructus Siraitiae Grosvenorii, and Passiflora edulis.

3. The method for domesticating a caster according to claim 1, wherein: the regular carding is that a special carding device is arranged on a farm, and the civets are periodically carded and cleaned, so that the appetite is enhanced, diseases are reduced, and the civets are healthy and active.

4. The method for domesticating a caster according to claim 1, wherein: the breeding of the female and male castors and the nursing of the pregnant period and delivery of the female castors are needed for breeding the female castors.

5. The method for domesticating a caster according to claim 1, wherein: the young domestication is a process of feeding and domesticating young animals from birth to weaning, so that the young civets of the Xianghe civets are fed and regularly taken after birth, regularly move, comb hairs regularly, and domesticate the young civets without fear of habits of people.

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