CN112514594A - Method for efficiently screening macadimia nut germinating seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for efficiently screening Australian nut germinating seeds, which comprises the steps of paving sand grains in two containers with holes at the bottoms, paving a steel wire mesh on the surface of sand in one container, pouring a disinfectant into the two containers, repeating the steps once, uniformly paving and placing fresh Australian nut shelled fruits to be germinated in the containers with the steel wire mesh, covering the sand grains, spraying clear water every day, lifting the steel wire mesh, spraying tap water after 10 days, picking out the Australian nut shelled fruits with broken shells, germinated bud points and 0.5-1mm in bud point length, obtaining the Australian nut germinating seeds required by breeding, and repeating the steps for 10 times to complete screening. The cost for screening the macadimia nut germinating seeds by adopting the method is only 40-50% of that of the existing method, the yield is 150% of that of the existing method, and the screening efficiency of the macadimia nut germinating seeds is greatly improved.

Description

Method for efficiently screening macadimia nut germinating seeds

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for efficiently screening macadimia nut germinating seeds, in particular to a method for efficiently screening the macadimia nut germinating seeds with the bud point length of 0.5-1mm for breeding, and belongs to the technical field of forest breeding.

Background

Macadamia nuts are native to the subtropical rainforest of the coastal southeast part of queensland, australia and the northern part of new south waltz, are evergreen trees of the macadamia genus of the dragon eye, and are grown commercially in large scale in hawaii in 1948, so that the macadamia nuts are called hawaii fruits. The introduction and the test planting of the macadamia nuts are started from the end of the 70 th century in China, and although the history of the macadamia nut planting in China is less than 50 years, the planting area is over 400 ten thousand mu, and the macadamia nut planting area is the largest country in the world.

Because the introduction and planting time of the macadimia nuts in China is short, most of the macadimia nuts planted in the current production are directly introduced from abroad, and domestic self-breeding varieties are very deficient. Because the domestic climate conditions are different from those of the introduced varieties in the original breeding places abroad, the domestic yield of the varieties is obviously lower than that of the original breeding places, the orchard income is seriously influenced, the enthusiasm of fruit growers for planting macadamia nuts is contused, and the healthy development of the macadamia nut industry in China is restricted. To solve the problem, a new macadimia nut variety which is suitable for the climate conditions of China must be bred.

Mutation breeding is one of the important means for breeding forest varieties, and germinating seeds are the main material objects specified by mutation breeding. Compared with fresh seeds and dry seeds, the germinating seeds are in active DNA and RNA copying, transcription and expression stages, so that the germinating seeds are easily affected by an external mutagenesis source to generate gene mutation, and further generate beneficial characters. The probability of producing the mutant by the mutation breeding is often only a few thousandths, so a large amount of germinating seeds are needed to be used as experimental materials. However, in the case of macadamia nuts, even if fresh seeds are harvested on the same day, the germination time of different seeds often differs by 2-3 weeks, that is, some seeds sowed in the same period are already germinated excessively, and some seeds are not yet germinated, but a large amount of seeds with the same germination degree are needed for mutation breeding. Therefore, how to obtain a large amount of germinating seeds meeting the experimental requirements efficiently is a difficult problem.

Currently, the commonly used method for screening the germinating seeds of macadamia nuts is as follows: CN103798134A A creating method of new seeds of macadamia nut; [ solution ] A⁶⁰Mutagenesis effect of Co-gamma rays on different varieties of macadamia nut germinating seeds-southwest agri-culture; the mutant effect of colchicine in the seedling stage of macadamia nut seed treatment-economic forest research; chemical induction and flow cytometry identification of macadimia nut polyploids-report of tropical crops: sowing macadimia nut seeds in a common seedling sand bed, then digging out the seeds one by one periodically by hands, and sowing the unscreened seeds back to the seedling sand bed one by one. However, this method has many problems: firstly, because macadimia nut dry seeds or fresh seeds need to be sowed in a sand bed for pregermination, the seeds need to lie on the ground for operation in the processes of one-by-one digging, selecting and sowing back, so that the labor is extremely consumed, and the labor intensity is high; secondly, in the process, the planed seeds are full of sand grains, the color of the sand grains is very similar to that of the bud points, the sand grains are easy to be mistakenly seen, the sand grains near the bud points need to be brushed one by hand, not only are the bud points of the seeds easy to be broken in the planing process, but also partial unqualified germinated seeds can be screened, and the screening efficiency is low; thirdly, because the process of digging out, selecting and sowing back the seeds one by one is very time-consuming, under the condition of simultaneously processing tens of thousands of seeds, one round of operation is not finished, and the time of the next round of operation is missed, so that the seeds are easy to be abandoned after being excessively germinated, and the waste of manpower and material resources is caused.

In order to solve the problem, no effective technology is available at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for efficiently screening the germinating seeds of the macadimia nuts.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for efficiently screening macadimia nut germinating seeds comprises the following steps:

placing two containers with holes at the bottoms in a sunlight greenhouse, and enabling the bottoms of the containers to be 8-12 cm away from the ground;

step (2), paving sand grains in the two containers until the thickness of the sand grains is 15-20cm, paving a steel wire mesh on the surface of the sand in one container, pouring a disinfectant into the two containers until liquid flows out from the small holes at the bottom of the two containers, and pouring for 1 time after 2 days;

uniformly spreading the collected fresh macadimia nuts with shells and fruits to be germinated into a container with a steel wire mesh, wherein the distance between the shells and fruits is 1-2cm, taking sand grains in another container, uniformly scattering the sand grains on the surfaces of the macadimia nuts with shells and fruits, covering the containers with the thickness of 3-5cm, and then spraying clear water into the containers with the shells and fruits of the macadimia nuts for 1 time every day until clear water flows out from small holes in the bottoms of the containers;

after 10 days, vertically lifting the steel wire mesh together with sand grains and the macadamia nut with shell fruits to a position 20-30cm above the container, spraying tap water to wash the sand grains into the container, and after the sand grains on the surface of the shell fruits are washed clean, placing the steel wire mesh and the macadamia nut with shell fruits on the surface of sand in another container;

picking the macadimia nuts with shells, broken shells, germinated bud points and 0.5-1mm bud point length to obtain the seeds of the seeds required by breeding, taking sand grains in another container, uniformly scattering the sand grains on the surfaces of the picked and residual macadimia nuts with shells, covering the seeds with the thickness of 3-5cm, and then spraying clear water into the container with the shells of the macadimia nuts for 1 time every day until clear water flows out from small holes in the bottom of the container;

and (6) repeating the step (4) and the step (5) every 2 days, and discarding the remaining macadimia nuts with shells which do not meet the requirement of selecting the germinating seeds after repeating the step (6) for 10 times to complete the selection.

The sand grains in the step (2) are fresh river sand with the diameter of 0.5-3 mm.

The disinfectant in the step (2) is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by volume:

0.2 to 0.3 portion of 42 percent metham aqueous solution, 0.01 to 0.02 portion of 1.8 percent avermectin emulsifiable solution, 0.005 to 0.01 portion of 30 percent hymexazol and 5 portions of distilled water.

The invention has the advantages and effects that:

the method overcomes the defects that the method that macadimia nut seeds are sown in a common seedling sand bed, and then the seeds which are not screened are sown back into the seedling sand bed one by one after being planed one by hands at regular intervals is low in efficiency, labor is consumed, labor intensity is high, screened germinating seeds are unqualified, bud points are broken off in the planing process, the seeds cannot be screened in time, and only can be discarded due to excessive germination, and the like in the prior art; the labor cost for completing the whole screening process of the same number of shelled fruits by adopting the method is only 40-50% of that of the existing method, the yield of the screened germinating seeds meeting the requirement is 150% of that of the existing method, the screening efficiency of the germinating seeds of the macadimia nuts is greatly improved, and sufficient germinating seed materials can be provided for breeding; the method has the advantages of easy preparation of the apparatus and the materials, low cost and repeated use.

Detailed Description

The invention will be better understood from the following examples. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these should also be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Fresh seeds of a macadimia nut variety O.C are used as materials, and the method is adopted to carry out efficient screening on the germinating seeds of the macadimia nuts with the bud point length of 0.5-1mm for breeding. The method comprises the following steps:

welding and preparing two rectangular containers with the length, the width and the height =2.0m, the x 0.8m and the x 0.3m by using iron sheets with the thickness of 1.2mm, punching the bottoms of the two containers by using an electric drill, wherein the diameter of the punched hole is 0.3cm, the distance between the hole and the hole is 8cm, placing the two containers with holes at the bottoms in a sunlight greenhouse, and supporting the long edges of the two containers by using red bricks to ensure that the bottoms of the containers are 10 cm away from the ground;

step (2), paving fresh river sand with the diameter of 0.5-3mm in the two containers until the thickness is 15cm, paving a steel wire mesh with the size of 1.98 m multiplied by 0.78 m, the aperture of 1cm multiplied by 1cm and the steel wire thickness of 1mm on the surface of the sand in one of the containers, binding nylon ropes with the length of 30cm and the diameter of 0.8 cm at 4 corners of the steel wire mesh, pouring a disinfectant into the two containers until liquid flows out from small holes at the bottom of the two containers, and pouring for 1 time after 2 days;

the disinfectant is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by volume:

0.2 part of 42 percent metam aqua, 0.02 part of 1.8 percent avermectin missible oil, 0.005 part of 30 percent hymexazol and 5 parts of distilled water;

step (3), uniformly paving 1000 collected fresh macadimia nut shelled fruits to be germinated with seeds in a container with a steel wire mesh, wherein the distance between the shelled fruits is 1cm, taking sand grains in another container, uniformly scattering the sand grains on the surface of the macadimia nut shelled fruits, covering the macadimia nut shelled fruits with the thickness of 3cm, and then sprinkling clear water into the container with the macadimia nut shelled fruits for 1 time every day until clear water flows out from small holes in the bottom of the container;

after 10 days, vertically lifting the steel wire mesh together with sand grains and macadamia nut shelled fruits on the steel wire mesh to a position 20-30cm above a container by using nylon ropes bound at 4 corners of the steel wire mesh, spraying the steel wire mesh and the macadamia nut shelled fruits by using a tap water pipe with a spray head to wash the sand grains to fall into the container, and after the sand grains on the surfaces of the shelled fruits are washed clean, placing the steel wire mesh and the macadamia nut shelled fruits on the steel wire mesh on the surfaces of sand in another container;

picking the macadimia nuts with shells, broken shells, germinated bud points and 0.5-1mm bud points, obtaining the seeds of the seeds needed by breeding, taking sand grains in another container, uniformly scattering the sand grains on the surfaces of the picked residual macadimia nuts with shells, covering the seeds with the thickness of 3cm, and then spraying clear water into the container with the shells of the macadimia nuts for 1 time every day until the clear water flows out from small holes at the bottom of the container;

and (5) repeating the step (4) and the step (5) 1 time every 2 days, and discarding the remaining macadimia nuts with shells which do not meet the requirement of selecting the germinating seeds after repeating the step (6) 10 times (namely after 20 days) to finish the selection.

By adopting the method, 750 germinating seeds meeting the requirements are obtained after 20 days, and the yield of the germinating seeds meeting the requirements is 75 percent; the proportion of the discarded germinating seeds which are broken off due to the bud points in the screening process is less than 0.2 percent in an accumulated way; no germinated seeds discarded due to excessive germination exist in the screening process; unqualified germinating seeds are not screened in the screening process; the accumulated labor expenditure is 10 workers, the average labor cost of each germinated seed is 1.33 yuan, and the labor intensity is low.

Example 2

Fresh seeds of a macadimia nut variety 'HAES 294' are used as materials, and the method is adopted to carry out efficient screening on the germinating seeds of the macadimia nuts with the bud point length of 0.5-1mm for breeding. The method comprises the following steps:

welding and preparing two rectangular containers with the length, the width and the height =2.0m, the x 0.8m and the x 0.3m by using iron sheets with the thickness of 1.2mm, punching the bottoms of the two containers by using an electric drill, wherein the diameter of the punched hole is 0.3cm, the distance between the hole and the hole is 12cm, placing the two containers with holes at the bottoms in a sunlight greenhouse, and supporting the long edges of the two containers by using red bricks to ensure that the bottoms of the containers are 10 cm away from the ground;

step (2), paving fresh river sand with the diameter of 0.5-3mm in the two containers until the thickness is 20cm, paving a steel wire mesh with the size of 1.98 m multiplied by 0.78 m, the aperture of 1cm multiplied by 1cm and the steel wire thickness of 1mm on the surface of the sand in one of the containers, binding nylon ropes with the length of 30cm and the diameter of 0.8 cm at 4 corners of the steel wire mesh, pouring a disinfectant into the two containers until liquid flows out from small holes at the bottom of the two containers, and pouring for 1 time after 2 days;

the disinfectant is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by volume:

0.3 part of 42 percent metam aqua, 0.01 part of 1.8 percent avermectin missible oil, 0.01 part of 30 percent hymexazol and 5 parts of distilled water;

step (3), uniformly paving 1000 collected fresh macadimia nut shelled fruits to be germinated in a container with a steel wire mesh, wherein the distance between the shelled fruits is 2cm, taking sand grains in another container, uniformly scattering the sand grains on the surface of the macadimia nut shelled fruits, covering the macadimia nut shelled fruits with the thickness of 5cm, and then spraying clear water into the container with the macadimia nut shelled fruits for 1 time every day until clear water flows out from small holes in the bottom of the container;

after 10 days, vertically lifting the steel wire mesh together with sand grains and macadamia nut shelled fruits on the steel wire mesh to a position 20-30cm above a container by using nylon ropes bound at 4 corners of the steel wire mesh, spraying the steel wire mesh and the macadamia nut shelled fruits by using a tap water pipe with a spray head to wash the sand grains to fall into the container, and after the sand grains on the surfaces of the shelled fruits are washed clean, placing the steel wire mesh and the macadamia nut shelled fruits on the steel wire mesh on the surfaces of sand in another container;

picking the macadimia nuts with shells, broken shells, germinated bud points and 0.5-1mm bud points, obtaining the seeds of the seeds needed by breeding, taking sand grains in another container, uniformly scattering the sand grains on the surfaces of the picked residual macadimia nuts with shells, covering the seeds with the thickness of 5cm, and then spraying clear water into the container with the shells of the macadimia nuts for 1 time every day until the clear water flows out from small holes at the bottom of the container;

and (5) repeating the step (4) and the step (5) 1 time every 2 days, and discarding the remaining macadimia nuts with shells which do not meet the requirement of selecting the germinating seeds after repeating the step (6) 10 times (namely after 20 days) to finish the selection.

By adopting the method, 820 germinating seeds meeting the requirements are obtained after 20 days, and the yield of the germinating seeds meeting the requirements is 82%; the proportion of the discarded germinating seeds which are broken off due to the bud points in the screening process is less than 0.2 percent in an accumulated way; no germinated seeds discarded due to excessive germination exist in the screening process; unqualified germinating seeds are not screened in the screening process; the accumulated labor expenditure is 10 workers, the average labor cost of each germinated seed is 1.22 yuan, and the labor intensity is low.

Comparative example 1

In the same way as in example 2, fresh seeds of macadamia nut variety "HAES 294" are used as materials, and the method of the invention is adopted to carry out high-efficiency screening of the seeds of the macadamia nut with 0.5-1mm of bud point length for breeding, and only the step of punching the bottom of the container in example 2 is omitted. The result shows that only 150 germinating seeds meeting the requirement are obtained after 20 days, and the yield of the germinating seeds meeting the requirement is only 15 percent; a large number of seeds are deactivated and even moldy due to the accumulation of water in the sand at the bottom of the container.

Comparative example 2

In the same way as in example 2, fresh seeds of a macadimia nut variety 'HAES 294' are used as materials, the method is adopted to carry out efficient screening on the germinated seeds of the macadimia nuts with the bud point length of 0.5-1mm for breeding, and only the step of laying a steel wire mesh in example 2 is omitted. The result shows that 400 germinating seeds meeting the requirement are obtained after 20 days, and the yield of the germinating seeds meeting the requirement is 40%; the proportion of the germinated seeds discarded due to the breakage of the bud points in the screening process reaches 12 percent; the proportion of the germinated seeds discarded due to excessive germination in the screening process reaches 17 percent; the proportion of the unqualified germinated seeds screened in the screening process reaches 3 percent; the accumulated labor expenditure is 21 workers, the average labor cost of each germinated seed is 5.25 yuan, the labor cost is slightly higher than that of the existing method, and the labor intensity is not obviously reduced compared with that of the existing method.

Comparative example 3

In the same way as example 2, fresh seeds of a macadamia nut variety 'HAES 294' are used as materials, the method is adopted to efficiently screen the germinated seeds of the macadamia nuts with the bud point length of 0.5-1mm for breeding, only the step (2) 'of pouring the disinfectant into two containers until liquid flows out from small holes at the bottom', and pouring the disinfectant into the two containers for 1 time after 2 days is changed to 'of pouring the disinfectant into the two containers until the liquid flows out from the small holes at the bottom', and then pouring the disinfectant again after 2 days is omitted. The result shows that 720 germinating seeds meeting the requirements are obtained after 20 days, and the yield of the germinating seeds meeting the requirements is 72 percent; the proportion of the seeds which are mildewed or are discarded after being bitten by insects in the screening process is 10 percent; the proportion of the discarded germinating seeds which are broken off due to the bud points in the screening process is less than 0.2 percent in an accumulated way; no germinated seeds discarded due to excessive germination exist in the screening process; unqualified germinating seeds are not screened in the screening process; the accumulated labor expenditure is 10 workers, the average labor cost of each germinated seed is 1.39 yuan, and the labor intensity is low.

Comparative example 4

The method adopts the conventional seedling raising sand bed and takes the fresh seeds of the macadimia nut variety HAES294 as materials to breed the macadimia nut germinating seeds with the bud point length of 0.5-1 mm. The result shows that the yield of the germinated seeds meeting the requirement and obtained after 20 days is 39 percent, which is similar to that of the comparative example 2; the proportion of the discarded germinating seeds due to the breaking of the bud points in the screening process reaches 13 percent; the proportion of the germinated seeds discarded due to excessive germination in the screening process reaches 17 percent; the proportion of the unqualified germinated seeds screened in the screening process reaches 3 percent; the accumulated labor expenditure is 20 workers, the average labor cost of each seed is 5.13 yuan, the seeds need to be stood on the ground for operation, and the labor intensity is high.

Claims (3)

1. A method for efficiently screening the germinating seeds of the macadimia nuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:

placing two containers with holes at the bottoms in a sunlight greenhouse, and enabling the bottoms of the containers to be 8-12 cm away from the ground;

step (2), paving sand grains in the two containers until the thickness of the sand grains is 15-20cm, paving a steel wire mesh on the surface of the sand in one container, pouring a disinfectant into the two containers until liquid flows out from the small holes at the bottom of the two containers, and pouring for 1 time after 2 days;

uniformly spreading the collected fresh macadimia nuts with shells and fruits to be germinated into a container with a steel wire mesh, wherein the distance between the shells and fruits is 1-2cm, taking sand grains in another container, uniformly scattering the sand grains on the surfaces of the macadimia nuts with shells and fruits, covering the containers with the thickness of 3-5cm, and then spraying clear water into the containers with the shells and fruits of the macadimia nuts for 1 time every day until clear water flows out from small holes in the bottoms of the containers;

after 10 days, vertically lifting the steel wire mesh together with sand grains and the macadamia nut with shell fruits to a position 20-30cm above the container, spraying tap water to wash the sand grains into the container, and after the sand grains on the surface of the shell fruits are washed clean, placing the steel wire mesh and the macadamia nut with shell fruits on the surface of sand in another container;

picking the macadimia nuts with shells, broken shells, germinated bud points and 0.5-1mm bud point length to obtain the seeds of the seeds required by breeding, taking sand grains in another container, uniformly scattering the sand grains on the surfaces of the picked and residual macadimia nuts with shells, covering the seeds with the thickness of 3-5cm, and then spraying clear water into the container with the shells of the macadimia nuts for 1 time every day until clear water flows out from small holes in the bottom of the container;

and (6) repeating the step (4) and the step (5) every 2 days, and discarding the remaining macadimia nuts with shells which do not meet the requirement of selecting the germinating seeds after repeating the step (6) for 10 times to complete the selection.

2. The method for efficiently screening seeds for germinating macadamia nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sand grains in the step (2) are fresh river sand with the diameter of 0.5-3 mm.

3. The method for efficiently screening seeds for germinating macadamia nut as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the disinfectant in the step (2) is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by volume:

0.2 to 0.3 portion of 42 percent metham aqueous solution, 0.01 to 0.02 portion of 1.8 percent avermectin emulsifiable solution, 0.005 to 0.01 portion of 30 percent hymexazol and 5 portions of distilled water.