CN112500353A - 一种左西孟旦的前药化合物、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种左西孟旦的前药化合物、制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112500353A CN112500353A CN202011421074.4A CN202011421074A CN112500353A CN 112500353 A CN112500353 A CN 112500353A CN 202011421074 A CN202011421074 A CN 202011421074A CN 112500353 A CN112500353 A CN 112500353A
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- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- phenyl
- oxo
- hydroxymethyl
- levosimendan
- Prior art date
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- WHXMKTBCFHIYNQ-SECBINFHSA-N levosimendan Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC(=O)NN=C1C1=CC=C(NN=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 WHXMKTBCFHIYNQ-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 229960000692 levosimendan Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 52
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 4- (4-methylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl) phenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 100
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- POXIZPBFFUKMEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanoethenylideneazanide Chemical group [N-]=C=[C+]C#N POXIZPBFFUKMEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
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- DYHSDKLCOJIUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)OC(=O)OC(C)(C)C DYHSDKLCOJIUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- KPZZAYYKUNSEHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C1C(C=C2)=CC=C2N)C=NN(CO)C1=O Chemical compound CC(C1C(C=C2)=CC=C2N)C=NN(CO)C1=O KPZZAYYKUNSEHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MNDMDCJDDYWWQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-aminophenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3-one Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C=C1)N1N=CC(CC1=O)C MNDMDCJDDYWWQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种左西孟旦的前药化合物、制备方法及其应用,属于化学合成及药物领域。
技术背景
急性心力衰竭(心衰)是指心衰症状和体征迅速发生或恶化,主要表现为心肌收缩力降低、心排血量降低、肺循环压力升高、周围循环阻力增加以及组织器官灌注不足等一系列症状的临床综合征。急性心衰在我国年病死率高达34%(急性失代偿期心力衰竭老年患者近期的预后情况及影响因素,中国医药导报,2017,14(14):52-55)。
按照我国《急性心力衰竭基层诊疗指南(2019年)》,急性心力衰竭需要给予正性肌力药物、利尿药、血管舒张药等药物治疗。常用正性肌力药物包括钙离子增敏剂(如左西孟旦)、β肾上腺素能受体激动剂(如多巴酚丁胺)、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(如米力农) 等。(急性心力衰竭基层诊疗指南(2019年),中华全科医师杂志,2019,10,925-930)。
左西孟旦(Levosimendan)临床上主要用于治疗各种急性心力衰竭病症,由芬兰欧里昂(Orion)公司研发,于2000年10月在瑞典首次上市。其化学名为(R)-[[4-(1,4,5,6-四氢 -4-甲基-6-氧代-哒嗪-3-基)苯基]-亚肼基]-丙二腈,分子式为:C14H12N6O,分子量为:280.28, CAS.NO.131741-08-7,其分子结构如下式所示:
作为一种多靶点药物,左西孟旦治疗急性心力衰竭的主要作用机制可以概况为以下两点:其一,作为钙离子增敏剂,左西孟旦通过增强心肌纤维肌钙蛋白C对钙离子的敏感性,对心肌细胞发挥正性肌力作用,而不需增加心肌细胞内钙离子浓度;其二,左西孟旦可打开心肌细胞和血管平滑肌细胞上ATP-依赖的钾离子通道(KATP),引起血管平滑肌细胞超极化,扩张冠状动脉和外周血管,减轻循环系统的阻力。此外,左西孟旦具有弱的磷酸二酯酶-III(PDE-III)抑制作用,可使心肌细胞内环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)浓度有所增高,进而一定程度增加细胞内钙离子浓度,但是研究表明在临床有效治疗范围内,该机制不产生显著作用。
传统心衰治疗药物例如多巴酚丁胺和米力农等,都是通过不同机制提高cAMP浓度,进而增加细胞内钙离子浓度,来发挥正性肌力作用。左西孟旦通过钙离子增敏机制产生正性肌力作用,不会增加心肌能量消耗,因为它不通过分子内钙离子增加或分子间钙离子迁移的机制发挥作用。而且,研究表明左西孟旦具有独特的心脏保护作用,可以为患者带来长期有益的血液动力学和能量平衡作用,这些特点使左西孟旦比传统心衰治疗药物更有优势。(Levosimendan in Cardiac Surgery:Evaluating the Evidence.Journal ofCardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia,2019,33,1146-1158)。
由于左西孟旦在水中的溶解性和稳定性均很差,因此研究如何提高其水溶性有重要意义。目前临床采用的剂型为左西孟旦的灭菌无水乙醇溶液做成注射剂,且需加助溶剂,原研厂家采用聚维酮K12做助溶剂,中国仿制药厂家采用聚乙二醇PEG400或羟丙基-β- 环糊精做助溶剂。另外,有多篇专利文献报道使用助溶剂提高左西孟旦水溶性的,例如用取代环糊精作为增溶剂(一种含有左西孟旦的供注射用药物制剂及其制备方法,中国发明专利公开(公告)号:108261398A;左西孟旦冻干制剂及其制备方法,中国发明专利公开(公告)号:1626085A);用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为增溶剂(Parenteral formulations oflevosimendan,世界专利WO 2017037737 A1);用聚维酮K12PF作为增溶剂(一种含有左西孟旦的供注射用药物制剂及其制备方法,中国发明专利公开(公告)号:108261398A) 等。
采用非水溶剂以及助溶剂解决药物水溶解性差的问题,并不是一个理想的解决办法,对于急性心衰患者,无水乙醇进入循环系统肯定会带来不利影响和副作用。上述的助溶剂,如聚维酮K12,往往会带来不必要的副作用。
因此临床上需要开发一种左西孟旦衍生的化合物,能够有效解决溶解性问题,制造方式简单,从而降低左西孟旦本身的水中难溶和不稳定所带来的使用不便的技术缺点。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,发明人提供了一种左西孟旦的前药化合物,所述化合物为含有通式I所示结构的化合物、溶剂合物、水合物、N-氧化物、立体异构体及其药学上可接受的盐;
其中,Ra和Rb分别选自氢原子或C1-C6的烷基;
Rp选自含有N原子的碱性基团或含有羧基、磷酸酯基、硫酸酯基、磺酸基的酸性基团。
所述含有N原子的碱性基团为可与无机酸或有机酸形成盐的碱性基团。所述酸性基团为可与无机碱或有机碱形成盐的酸性基团。
其中所述Ra和Rb优选分别为氢原子。
技术方面,左西孟旦不溶于水,且极难成盐,因此无法通过成盐的方式解决其溶解性问题,本发明所提供的前药分子具有水溶性取代基,且所述水溶性取代基并非随意加入,必须具有以下特点:
1、合成人员能够合成并制备得到所述分子;
2、所述分子具有优异的水溶性或与其他酸、碱、有机溶剂试剂形成可溶盐的特性;
3、具有前药分子的特性,即能够迅速在体内代谢,形成左西孟旦。
4、具有统一的母环结构,相应取代基断裂后,在体内代谢中,具有无毒副作用的特点。
因此,为了寻找满足这三项条件的化合物分子,发明人根据多年药物研究经验,结合现有工艺进行思考和尝试,筛选出以下种类的取代基和母环结构,即式I。
首先在左西孟旦结构式中四氢哒嗪酮环的1位-N上连接有-CH2-O-的结构,该结构与其他取代基结合,在体内代谢中能够迅速断裂,转化为左西孟旦,转化率高。再次,取代基必须具有实验验证,代谢后不会带来额外的副作用。
因此,对于取代基,所述含有N原子的碱性基团选自4-(吗啡啉-1-基甲基)苯基、4-(4- 甲基哌嗪-1-基甲基)苯基、N,N-二甲基胺基甲基、吡啶-3-基、4-(哌啶-1-基)-哌啶-1-基、氨基甲基、吡啶-4-基甲基胺基甲酰基甲基或吡咯烷-1-基甲基。
优选地,所述酸性基团选自羧基甲基、羧基乙基、羧基甲氧基、磷酰基氧基甲基、磺酰基氧基甲基、磺酸基甲基、磷酰基氧基乙基、磺酰基氧基乙基或磺酸基乙基。
目前尚未有研究对左西孟旦进行前药相关方向的研究,本发明开发了上述一系列的化合物,首先,所述针对左西孟旦水溶性差的技术问题,发明人引入一些特定结构的助溶基团,使所有化合物都具有上述通式I的结构。
从结构上来讲,本发明在左西孟旦结构式中四氢哒嗪酮环的1-位N上引入了取代基,经前期实验测定,比其他位点引入侧链具有以下特点:
1)制备方法简单;
2)所引入侧链能够顺利通过N-CH2间共价键断裂,形成原药左西孟旦,有助于提高前药的分解活性。
发明人优选了一系列的化合物,包括以下结构式、Rp基团名称及化学名,见表1。
表1优选化合物的结构式和化学名称
上述结构形成后,所述前药分子的水溶性能够明显变好。左西孟旦不仅不溶于水,而且在绝大多数有机溶剂中不溶或溶解性极差,而发明人提供的左西孟旦前药化合物的水溶解度范围在极微溶和极易溶之间。
溶解度测定
根据《中国药典2020年版四部》凡例十五溶解度试验法测定:称取研成细粉的供试品,于25℃±2℃一定水浴中,逐量加约25℃的水,每隔5分钟,强力震摇30秒,观察 30分钟内的溶解情况,如无目视可见的溶质颗粒,即视为完全溶解。
表2溶解性的定义
极易溶解 | 系指溶质1g(ml)能在溶剂不到1ml中溶解 |
易溶 | 系指溶质1g(ml)能在溶剂1~不到10ml中溶解 |
溶解 | 系指溶质1g(ml)能在溶剂10~不到30ml中溶解 |
略溶 | 系指溶质1g(ml)能在溶剂30~不到100ml中溶解 |
微溶 | 系指溶质1g(ml)能在溶剂100~不到1000ml中溶解 |
极微溶解 | 系指溶质1g(ml)能在溶剂1000~不到10000ml中溶解 |
几乎不溶或不溶 | 系指溶质1g(ml)在溶剂10000ml中不能完全溶解 |
根据目前左西孟旦的相关研究发现,左西孟旦几乎无法成盐(无论加无机或有机的酸或碱),其本身在绝大多数溶剂(包括有机溶剂和水)中溶解性极差。因此目前上市的左西孟旦制剂都是制成溶于有机溶剂(市售品选择的有机溶剂为无水乙醇)的针剂,同时还需要通过加入助溶剂(目前市售品选择的助溶剂为毒性较大的聚维酮K12),才能制成制剂。总之,由于左西孟旦的溶解性问题而引入有机溶剂为溶媒,同时加入助溶剂来制备其制剂,容易带来毒性或副作用,引起用药安全事件。
本发明首先能够合成左西孟旦的前药分子,属于首次合成,是直接具有了极微溶和极易溶之间的溶解度的分子。并且该前药分子的取代基具有含N原子的碱性基团,或者含羧基、磷酸酯基、硫酸酯基、磺酸基等的酸性基团的特性,在水中极易形成盐类,或通过加入酸碱调节剂(强酸、强碱、弱酸、弱碱、具有稳定作用的pH调节剂等),达到更易溶解的目的。因此本发明所制备的左西孟旦前药分子,在其制药前景中具有里程碑式的作用。
本发明解决了左西孟旦在绝大多数溶剂(包括水)中溶解性差的问题。制备左西孟旦的液体制剂时,避免了必须使用有机溶剂并且同时需要添加有毒助溶剂的缺陷。
同时,左西孟旦本身由于其溶解性限制,在胃液和肠液中无法分散,难以制成口服制剂。本发明所设计制备的新化合物,解决了这个缺陷,可以分散到水中,即可以以分子或离子的形式分散于胃液或肠液中,利于生物体口服吸收,解决了左西孟旦难以制成口服制剂的问题。
此外,还可利用我们所设计制备的化合物在人体内代谢转化为左西孟旦的代谢行为,制备成更适于发挥左西孟旦药效的控释制剂。
这些特性,将令本发明极具临床价值和商业价值。
除非另外指明,否则这些术语具有下列含义。
“烷基”意指由1至6个碳组成的直链或支链的烷基。
“可药用盐”意指可药用酸或碱加成盐。通过用适当的酸处理,具有碱性性质的式(I)化合物可以转化为它们的可药用酸加成盐。适当的酸包括例如无机酸,例如氢卤酸例如盐酸或氢溴酸;硫酸;硝酸;磷酸等酸;或有机酸例如乙酸、丙酸、羟基乙酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、草酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、马来酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、甲烷磺酸、乙烷磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、环已烷基氨基磺酸、水杨酸、对氨基水杨酸、双羟萘酸等酸。具有酸性性质的式(I)化合物可以转化为它们的可药用碱加成盐,通过用合适的有机或无机碱处理所述的酸形式得到。适当的碱盐形式包括例如铵盐、碱和碱土金属盐例如锂盐、钠盐、钾盐、镁盐、钙盐等,与有机碱的盐例如N,N’-双苄基乙撑二胺盐、 N-甲基-D-葡糖胺盐、二乙基胺盐、二乙醇胺盐,和与氨基酸的盐例如例如精氨酸、赖氨酸的盐等。
本发明还可以制备成制剂,由有效剂量的本发明所述化合物与药学上可接受的辅料来制备。所述的药学上可接受的辅料,是指为制成适用于人类或动物使用的任何药物剂型所需的辅料,如制成口服固体制剂时,药学上可接受的辅料指稀释剂、粘合剂、润湿剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助流剂;制成注射液时,药学上可接受的辅料指pH调节剂、助溶剂、抗氧剂、等渗剂等。
优选地:所述含有N原子的碱性基团选自4-(吗啡啉-1-基甲基)苯基、4-(4-甲基哌嗪 -1-基甲基)苯基、N,N-二甲基胺基甲基或吡啶-3-基。
进一步优选,所述含有N原子的碱性基团选自4-(吗啡啉-1-基甲基)苯基或4-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基甲基)苯基。
本发明提供上述化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)用二碳酸二叔丁酯与(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮反应,制备得到(R)-(4-((4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯;
(2)将(R)-(4-((4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯与多聚甲醛在碱存在下反应,得到(R)-(4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基) 氨基甲酸叔丁基酯;
(3)在酸性条件下,将(R)-(4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基) 氨基甲酸叔丁基酯脱Boc基团,转化为(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-2-(羟甲基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮;
(4)将(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-2-(羟甲基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮,与亚硝酸钠、丙二腈在酸性条件下反应,制得(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3- 基)苯基)双氰基亚甲基)肼;
(5)将步骤(4)所制备的(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3- 基)苯基)双氰基亚甲基)肼分别与相应取代基的羧酸或其活化形式反应,得到所述前药化合物。
所述合成路线如下式所示:
上述制备方法中,本发明还提供了上述步骤(2)、(3)和(4)中的中间体(R)-(4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯、(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-2-(羟甲基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮和(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代 -1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰基亚甲基)肼在制备治疗心力衰竭疾病的药物中的应用。
本发明提供通式I化合物的制备方法,由以下步骤组成:
(1)(R)-(4-((4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基的制备
将(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮、二碳酸二叔丁酯、三乙胺和四氢呋喃置于容器中,室温搅拌1-5天,TLC检测无原料剩余。过滤,减压旋蒸除去溶剂,向浓缩物加入石油醚,室温下打浆10-60分钟,过滤,所得固体干燥,得到浅棕色固体。
(2)(R)-(4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯的制备
将步骤(1)得到的(R)-(4-((4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯和甲醇置于容器中,搅拌下加入多聚甲醛和碳酸钾,室温搅拌直至TLC监控反应完全,减压旋蒸除去溶剂,浓缩物用柱层析进行纯化,洗脱液为石油醚与乙酸乙酯混合溶剂(v:v 1:1),得白色固体。
(3)(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-2-(羟甲基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮盐酸盐的制备
将步骤(2)得到的(R)-(4-((4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯置于容器中,加入乙酸乙酯,室温搅拌1-10分钟后,滴加氯化氢的乙酸乙酯溶液,滴完后室温搅拌至TLC检测无原料剩余,减压浓缩除去溶剂,得到(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-2-(羟甲基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮盐酸盐粗品,黄色固体,直接进行下一步反应。
(4)(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰基亚甲基) 肼制备
将步骤(3)得到的(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-2-(羟甲基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮盐酸盐粗品用盐酸水溶液转移到容器中,冰水浴控制5~10℃下,将亚硝酸钠水溶液加入到上述反应液中,加完后冰水浴下继续搅拌10分钟-2小时,于5~10℃下将丙二腈水溶液加入到上述反应液中,加完后撤去冰水浴,室温搅拌1-5小时,缓慢加入醋酸钠水溶液,调节pH值5~6,得到黄色悬浮液,过滤、水洗并干燥得到黄色固体。
(5)通式I化合物的制备
将步骤(4)所制备的(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基) 双氰基亚甲基)肼分别与具有相应取代基的羧酸或其活化形式进行酯化,得到所述通式的化合物。
本发明所有化合物不仅具有通用的结构,也可以通过共同的中间产物(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰基亚甲基)肼进行酯化反应制备,即经过前端中间产物的制备,后续的各种取代基化合物均可通过相应取代基的羧酸或其活化形式进行酯化反应来制备,因此所述制备方法的制备路线都是先制备中间产物,然后进行酯化的主要方式来合成所述前药化合物的各种具体化合物。
在上述制备方法中,步骤(5)取化合物(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6- 四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰基甲基)肼基、TSTU、不同Rp基团取代的羧酸置于容器,加入二氯甲烷,搅拌下加入三乙胺,室温搅拌1-10小时,TLC检测无原料剩余,减压旋蒸除去溶剂,所得浓缩物用柱层析纯化,洗脱液为二氯甲烷与甲醇混合溶剂(v:v 50:1),得到所述左西孟旦的前药化合物。
本发明进一步提供上述的前药化合物在制备治疗心力衰竭疾病的药物中的应用。
有益效果:
本发明提供了一种左西孟旦的前药化合物,在左西孟旦结构式中四氢哒嗪酮环的1 位-N上进行相应取代,解决了左西孟旦水溶性极差的技术缺点,并且该前药化合物具有稳定性好、更易药物代谢、使用方便等特点。制剂中不再需要采用无水乙醇作为溶剂和其他助溶剂,极大方便临床使用。这种左西孟旦的前药化合物在体内可快速转换为左西孟旦,转化率高,具有良好的成药特性。根据所获得的药代数据,可得出本发明所提供的化合物能够作为左西孟旦前药的结论。这些化合物还具有药代动力学上控制左西孟旦在生物体内释放速度的优点。此外,还可以解决左西孟旦不适于口服的问题。
缩略词解释:
TSTU:2-琥珀酰亚胺基-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯;
TLC:薄层层析;
1H-NMR:核磁共振氢谱;
TMS:四甲基硅烷
DMSO-d6:六氘代二甲基亚砜;
ESI-MS:电喷雾电离-质谱;
KATP:ATP-依赖的钾离子通道;
PDE-III:磷酸二酯酶-III;
cAMP:环磷酸腺苷;
PEG:聚乙二醇。
DCM:二氯甲烷;
MtOH:甲醇;
DMF:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;
Boc基团:常用氨基保护基团,叔丁氧羰基。
附图说明
图1化合物TCX1001-031的1H-NMR图;
图2化合物TCX1001-031的ESI-MS图;
图3化合物TCX1001-031的液相色谱图;
图4化合物TCX1001-031的药代动力学试验中自身含量的变化图;
图5化合物TCX1001-031的药代动力学试验中释放出左西孟旦含量的变化图;
图6化合物TCX1001-031的药代动力学试验中代谢转化率。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例详细说明本发明的实施过程和产生的有益效果,旨在帮助阅读者更好地理解本发明的实质和特点,不作为对本案可实施范围的限定。
化合物的结构通过核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)和/或质谱(MS)表征。1HNMR用BrukerSpectrometer AVIII HD核磁共振仪(400MHz)测定,化学位移(δ)以10-6(ppm)的单位给出。内标为四甲基硅烷(TMS),化学位移:δ,s:单峰;d:双重峰;t:三重峰;q:四重峰; m:多重峰。质谱用Agilent Accurate-Mass Q-TOF LC/MS质谱仪测定。
如无特殊说明,肼基甲酸苄酯购买于上海皓鸿生物医药科技有限公司,多聚甲醛购买于上海麦克林生化科技有限公司,磷酸二乙酯购买于上海麦克林生化科技有限公司,2,2-二乙氧基乙基磷酸二乙酯购买于阿法埃莎(中国)化学有限公司,叔丁氧羰基肼购买于上海毕得医药科技有限公司,(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮自制于北京晨光同创医药研究院有限公司。TLC为薄层色谱,TSTU为O-(N-琥珀酰亚胺基)-N NN'N'-四甲基四氟硼酸脲,DCM为二氯甲烷,MtOH为甲醇,DMF为二甲基甲酰胺,所用石油醚规格均为沸程60-90℃。
共用中间体N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰基亚甲基)肼(5)的合成路线如下:
一、(R)-(4-((4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯的制备
将(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮(101g,0.5mol),二碳酸二叔丁酯(163.5g,0.75mol),三乙胺(76g,0.75mol)和四氢呋喃(1L)置于2L单口瓶中,室温搅拌3天,TLC检测无原料剩余。过滤,减压旋蒸除去溶剂,搅拌下向残余物中加入石油醚(300mL),室温搅拌20分钟,过滤,干燥,得到标题化合物84g,浅棕色固体,收率54%。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:10.86(s,1H),9.55(s,1H),7.66-7.70 (m,2H),7.50-7.53(m,2H),3.35-3.38(m,1H),2.63-2.69(m,1H),2.18-2.23(m,1H),1.48(s, 9H),1.05(d,3H,J=7.2Hz);ESI-MS(m/z):Calcd.For C16H21N3O3+H:304.16;Found: 304.17。
二、(R)-(4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯的制备
将(R)-(4-((4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(100g, 0.33mol),和甲醇2.5L置于3L三口瓶中,搅拌下加入多聚甲醛(128.2g,4.27mol)和碳酸钾(95.3g,0.69mol),室温搅拌过夜。TLC监控反应完全。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,浓缩物用柱层析进行纯化(石油醚:乙酸乙酯,v:v=1:1),得到标题化合物60.0g,白色固体,收率55%。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:9.56(s,1H),7.74(d,2H,J=8.5Hz),7.53 (d,2H,J=8.5Hz),6.13-6.17(m,1H),5.10-5.15(m,1H),4.95-5.00(m,1H),3.35-3.41(m, 1H),2.67-2.73(m,1H),2.28-2.33(m,1H),1.48(s,9H),1.06(d,3H,J=7.2Hz);ESI-MS (m/z):Calcd.For C17H23N3O4+H:334.17;Found:334.18。
三、(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-2-(羟甲基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮盐酸盐的制备
将(R)-(4-((4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯(20g,0.06 mol)置于500mL三口瓶中,加入乙酸乙酯50毫升,室温搅拌5分钟后滴加氯化氢的乙酸乙酯溶液(100mL,20wt%),滴完后室温搅拌2小时,TLC检测无原料剩余,减压旋蒸除去溶剂,得到23g黄色固体,粗品直接进行下一步反应。
四、(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰基亚甲基)肼的制备
将第三步所得23g化合物(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-2-(羟甲基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮盐酸盐,用2.6%的盐酸水溶液(500mL)转移至2L烧杯中,冰水浴降温,于 5~10℃下将7.05g亚硝酸钠(0.1mol)溶于50mL水中形成的溶液加入到上述反应液中,加完后冰水浴下继续搅拌30分钟,取丙二腈(6.2g,0.094mol)溶于50mL水中,于5~10 ℃下加入到上述反应液中,加完后撤去冰水浴,室温搅拌2小时,缓慢加入20%醋酸钠水溶液,调节pH值5~6,得到黄色悬浮液,过滤,水洗,干燥,得到标题化合物11.2 g,黄色固体,两步收率60%。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.1(br,s,1H),7.88-7.92(m, 2H),7.52-7.55(m,2H),5.13(d,1H,J=10Hz),5.00(d,1H,J=10Hz),3.37-3.43(m,1H), 2.71-2.77(m,1H),2.31-2.35(m,1H),1.08(d,3H,J=7.2Hz);ESI-MS(m/z):Calcd.For C15H14N6O2+H:311.12;Found:311.13。
实施例1:烟酸(R)-(3-((4-(2-(二氰基亚甲基)肼基)苯基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-5,6-二氢哒嗪 -1(4H)-基)甲基酯(TCX-1001-029)的制备
取化合物(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰亚甲基)肼(0.26g,0.84mmol),TSTU(0.3g,1mmol),烟酸(0.11g,0.92mmol)置于50mL 单口瓶中,加入5mL二氯甲烷,搅拌下加入三乙胺(0.3g,3mmol),室温搅拌5小时。 TLC检测无原料剩余,减压旋蒸除去溶剂,所得浓缩物用Pre-HPLC纯化(洗脱液: DCM/MeOH,v:v=50/1),得到标题化合物0.12g,黄色固体,收率34%。1H-NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.1(br,s,1H),9.08(s,1H),8.83-8.85(m,1H),8.27-8.30(m,1H), 7.90-7.92(m,2H),7.54-7.60(m,3H),5.98-6.08(m,2H),3.50-3.54(m,1H),2.91-2.97(m,1H), 2.51-2.53(m,1H),1.13(d,3H,J=7.2Hz);ESI-MS(m/z):Calcd.For C21H17N7O3+H: 416.14;Found:416.15。
实施例2:甘氨酸(R)-(3-((4-(2-(二氰基亚甲基)肼基)苯基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-5,6-二氢哒嗪-1(4H)-基)甲基酯(TCX-1001-032)的制备
将化合物(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰亚甲基)肼(0.2g,0.64mmol),甘氨酸(0.12g,1.6mmol),1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚(0.31g,1.6mmol),4-二甲基吡啶(0.08g,0.64mmol),5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌过夜。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,浓缩物柱层析纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH,v:v=30/1),得到标题化合物70mg,黄色固体,收率30%。1H-NMR (400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.2(br,s,1H),7.75-7.81(m,2H),7.36-7.41(m,2H),5.95-6.05(m, 2H),3.48-3.54(m,1H),3.17-3.23(m,2H),2.95-3.02(m,1H),2.67-2.69(m,1H),1.14(d,3H, J=7.2Hz);ESI-MS(m/z):Calcd.For C19H21N7O3+H:368.14;Found:368.15。
实施例3:2-吡咯烷-1-基-乙酸(R)-(3-((4-(2-(二氰基亚甲基)肼基)苯基)-4-甲基-6-氧代 -5,6-二氢哒嗪-1(4H)-基)甲基酯(TCX-1001-039)的制备
将化合物(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰亚甲基)肼(300mg,0.97mmol),2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙酸盐酸盐(321mg,1.94mmol),EDCI(465mg, 2.43mmol),DMAP(118mg,0.97mmol),溶于DMA(10mL)中,室温搅拌18小时。向体系中加入乙酸乙酯(10mL)、水(10mL),搅拌,分液。有机相水洗(3x10mL),无水硫酸钠干燥。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,粗品经Pre-HPLC纯化,得到标题化合物210mg,黄色固体产品,收率51.3%。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.0(br,s,1H),7.80-7.74(m, 2H),7.38-7.33(m,2H),6.05-5.95(m,2H),3.52-3.46(m,1H),3.35(s,2H),3.02-2.95(m,1H), 2.68-2.66(m,1H),2.61-2.58(m,2H),1.72-1.70(m,2H),1.13(d,3H,J=7.2Hz);ESI-MS(m/z): Calcd.ForC20H20N7O3+H:407.16;Found:407.217。
实施例4:N,N-二甲基甘氨酸(R)-(3-((4-(2-(二氰基亚甲基)肼基)苯基)-4-甲基-6-氧代 -5,6-二氢哒嗪-1(4H)-基)甲基酯(TCX-1001-030)的制备
将化合物(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰亚甲基)肼(0.2g,0.64mmol),N,N-二甲基甘氨酸(0.16g,1.6mmol),1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3- 乙基碳二亚(0.31g,1.6mmol),4-二甲基吡啶(0.08g,0.64mmol),5mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺依次加入到50mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌过夜。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,浓缩物柱层析纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH,v:v=30/1),得到标题化合物0.06g,黄色固体,收率24%。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.0(br,s,1H),7.74-7.80(m,2H),7.33-7.38(m,2H), 5.95-6.05(m,2H),3.46-3.52(m,1H),3.19-3.25(m,2H),2.95-3.02(m,1H),2.75-2.85(m,6H), 2.66-2.68(m,1H),1.13(d,3H,J=7.2Hz);ESI-MS(m/z):Calcd.For C19H21N7O3+H:396.17;Found:396.18。
实施例5:4-(吗啡啉-1-基甲基)苯甲酸(R)-(3-((4-(2-(二氰基亚甲基)肼基)苯基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-5,6-二氢哒嗪-1(4H)-基)甲基酯(TCX-1001-031)的制备
取化合物(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰亚甲基)肼(0.2g,0.64mmol),溶于2mL吡啶中,然后加入4-氯甲基苯甲酰氯(0.22g,1.16 mmol),室温搅拌2小时,加入乙酸乙酯30毫升稀释反应液,然后有机相依次用蒸馏水和饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干,所得浓缩物用DMF(3mL)溶清,加入碘化钠(0.05g),然后加入吗啉(0.13g,1.5mmol),室温搅拌过夜。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,所得浓缩物柱层析纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH,v:v=70/1),得到标题化合物0.11g,黄色固体,收率33%。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.1(br,s,1H),7.95-8.03(m,2H), 7.77-7.83(m,2H),7.53-7.63(m,2H),7.38-7.42(m,2H),5.92-6.06(m,2H),3.56-4.51(m,6H), 3.35-3.53(m,2H),2.71-3.15(m,4H),2.41-2.46(m,1H),1.13(d,3H,J=7.2Hz);ESI-MS (m/z):Calcd.ForC27H27N7O4+H:514.21;Found:514.22。
实施例6:4-((4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)甲基)苯甲酸(R)-(3-((4-(2-(二氰基亚甲基)肼基)苯基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-5,6-二氢哒嗪-1(4H)-基)甲基酯(TCX-1001-033)的制备
取化合物(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰亚甲基)肼(0.2g,0.64mmol),溶于2mL吡啶中,然后下加入4-氯甲基苯甲酰氯(0.22g,1.16 mmol),室温搅拌2小时,加入乙酸乙酯30毫升稀释反应液,然后依次用蒸馏水和饱和食盐水洗涤。有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥,减压旋蒸除去溶剂,浓缩物用DMF(3mL) 溶清,加入碘化钠(0.05g),然后加入N-甲基哌嗪(0.15g,1.5mmol),室温搅拌过夜。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,浓缩物通过柱层析纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH,v:v=30/1),得到标题化合物0.05g,黄色固体,收率15.0%。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.2(br,s,1H), 7.95-7.88(m,2H),7.83-7.78(m,2H),7.59-7.54(m,2H),7.33-7.29(m,2H),6.06-5.90(m,2H), 3.70-3.58(m,2H),3.52-3.48(m,1H),3.43-3.27(m,5H),3.04-2.98(m,1H),2.93-2.80(m,3H), 2.69(s,3H),2.47-2.41(m,1H),1.13(d,3H,J=7.2Hz);ESI-MS(m/z):Calcd.For C27H27N7O4+H:527.12;Found:526.80。
实施例7:4-(哌啶-1-基)哌啶-1-基甲酸(R)-(3-((4-(2-(二氰基亚甲基)肼基)苯基)-4-甲基 -6-氧代-5,6-二氢哒嗪-1(4H)-基)甲基酯(TCX-1001-037)的制备
将10mL无水四氢呋喃、1.24g(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰亚甲基)肼、0.71g N,N'-羰基二咪唑、0.67g 4-哌啶基哌啶依次投入到50 mL单口瓶中,室温搅拌反应48小时后,TLC监控(展开剂:二氯甲烷/甲醇=10/1)反应完全。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,浓缩物通过柱层析纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH,v:v=30/1),得到标题化合物0.50g,黄色固体,产率24.8%。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.35(s, 1H),7.76-7.80(d,2H),7.40-7.43(d,2H),5.94-6.02(m,2H),4.25(m,2H),3.43-3.49(d, 1H),2.70-2.76(d,3H),2.60-2.65(d,1H),2.5(t,4H),2.3-2.45(m,1H),1.8(m,2H),1.51-1.65(m, 4H),1.3-1.5(m,4H),1.08-1.14(d,3H);ESI-MS(m/z):Calcd.For C26H32N8O3+H:505.6;Found:505.61。
实施例8:2-羧基乙酸(R)-(3-((4-(2-(二氰基亚甲基)肼基)苯基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-5,6-二氢哒嗪-1(4H)-基)甲基酯(TCX-1001-041)的制备
将丙二酸(0.21g,2.06mmol),三乙胺(0.36mL,2.6mmol),DMAP(13mg,0.1mmol),异丙烯基氯甲酸酯(0.08mL,0.73mmol)依次加入到10mL二氯甲烷中,冰水浴降温至 0℃,然后加入(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰亚甲基)肼(0.16g,0.52mmol)的二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液,此反应液于0℃搅拌2小时,然后倒入3毫升10%的醋酸水溶液中,室温搅拌0.5小时。反应液依次用蒸馏水、饱和食盐水洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,浓缩物柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷/甲醇/甲酸,v:v:v=20/1/0.05)得到标题化合物80mg,黄色固体,收率39.0%。1H-NMR (400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:14.1(br,s,1H),13.1(br,s,1H),7.90-7.92(m,2H),7.54-7.60(m, 2H),5.98-6.08(m,2H),3.55-3.60(m,1H),3.4(s,2H),2.91-2.97(m,1H),2.51-2.53(m,1H), 1.13(d,3H,J=7.2Hz);ESI-MS(m/z):Calcd.For C21H17N7O3+H:397.12;Found:397.15。
实施例9:3-羧基丙酸(R)-(3-((4-(2-(二氰基亚甲基)肼基)苯基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-5,6-二氢哒嗪-1(4H)-基)甲基酯(TCX-1001-034)的制备
将丁二酸(0.488g,4.12mmol),三乙胺(0.72mL,5.2mmol),4-二甲氨基吡啶DMAP(26mg,0.2mmol),异丙烯基氯甲酸酯(0.16mL,1.46mmol)溶于10mL二氯甲烷中,冰水浴降温至0℃,然后加入(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基) 苯基)双氰亚甲基)肼(0.32g,1.04mmol)的二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液,此反应液于0℃搅拌2小时,然后倒入3毫升10%的醋酸水溶液中,室温搅拌0.5小时。反应液依次用蒸馏水、饱和食盐水洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,浓缩物柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷/甲醇/甲酸,v:v:v=20/1/0.05),得到标题化合物0.14g,黄色固体,收率 33%。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:14.3(br,s,1H),13.4(br,s,1H),7.91-7.93(m,2H), 7.55-7.61(m,2H),5.99-6.10(m,2H),3.51-3.54(m,1H),2.91-2.97(m,1H),2.75-2.51(m,5H), 1.13(d,3H,J=7.2Hz);ESI-MS m/z:Calcd.For C21H17N7O3+H:411.14;Found:411.15。
实施例10:羧基甲基氧基甲酸(R)-(3-((4-(2-(二氰基亚甲基)肼基)苯基)-4-甲基-6-氧代 -5,6-二氢哒嗪-1(4H)-基)甲基酯(TCX-1001-035)的制备
取(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰亚甲基)肼 (0.16g,0.52mmol),N,N'-羰基二咪唑CDI(95mg,0.57mmol),2-羟基乙酸((40mg, 0.57mmol)溶于5mL THF中,室温搅拌48小时,TLC监控反应完全。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,浓缩物柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷/甲醇/甲酸,v:v:v=20/1/0.05),得到标题化合物60mg,黄色固体,收率28%。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:14.1(br,s,1H),13.1(br,s,1H), 7.90-7.92(m,2H),7.56-7.61(m,2H),5.97-6.08(m,2H),5.2(s,2H),3.50-3.54(m,1H), 2.91-2.97(m,1H),2.52-2.54(m,1H),1.14(d,3H,J=7.2Hz);ESI-MS(m/z):Calcd.For C21H17N7O3+H:413.14;Found:413.15。
实施例11:磷酰氧基乙酸(R)-(3-((4-(2-(二氰基亚甲基)肼基)苯基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-5,6- 二氢哒嗪-1(4H)-基)甲基酯(TCX-1001-040)的制备
取(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰亚甲基)肼 (0.26g,0.84mmol)、TSTU(0.3g,1mmol)和(磷酰氧基)乙酸(0.16g,1mmol)置于50mL单口瓶中,加入5mL二氯甲烷,搅拌下加入三乙胺(0.3g,3mmol),室温搅拌 15小时,TLC检测无原料剩余。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,浓缩物通过Pre-HPLC制备分离,得到标题化合物0.11g,黄色固体,收率29%。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.1(br,s, 1H),7.90-7.92(m,2H),7.54-7.60(m,2H),5.98-6.08(m,2H),5.7(br,s,2H),4.3(s,2H), 3.50-3.54(m,1H),2.91-2.97(m,1H),2.51-2.53(m,1H),1.13(d,3H,J=7.2Hz);ESI-MS (m/z):Calcd.ForC21H17N7O3+H:449.09;Found:449.10。
实施例12:磺酰氧基乙酸(R)-(3-((4-(2-(二氰基亚甲基)肼基)苯基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-5,6- 二氢哒嗪-1(4H)-基)甲基酯(TCX-1001-038)的制备
取(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰亚甲基)肼 (0.52g,1.68mmol)、TSTU(0.6g,2mmol)和(璜酰氧基)乙酸(0.32g,2mmol)置于50mL单口瓶中,加入15mL二氯甲烷,搅拌下加入三乙胺(0.6g,6mmol),室温搅拌 15小时,TLC监控无原料剩余。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,浓缩物通过Pre-HPLC制备分离得到标题化合物0.15g,黄色固体,收率20%。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:15.1(br,s, 1H),13.1(br,s,1H),7.90-7.92(m,2H),7.54-7.60(m,2H),5.98-6.08(m,2H),4.2(s,2H), 3.52-3.56(m,1H),2.91-2.97(m,1H),2.52-2.54(m,1H),1.13(d,3H,J=7.2Hz);ESI-MS (m/z):Calcd.ForC21H17N7O3+H:449.08;Found:449.10。
实施例13:3-氧代-3-((吡啶-4-基甲基)氨基)丙酸(R)-(3-((4-(2-(二氰基亚甲基)肼基)苯基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-5,6-二氢哒嗪-1(4H)-基)甲基酯(TCX-1001-036)的制备
(1)3-氧代-3-((吡啶-4-基甲基)氨基)丙酸乙酯的制备
取氯甲酰乙酸乙酯(5.8mL,46.23mmol)和4-吡啶甲胺(5g,46.23mmol)溶于200m LTHF中,将反应液降温至0℃,然后缓慢滴加三乙胺(9.5mL,69.35mmol),滴加完毕后反应液在室温下搅拌2小时。TLC监控反应完全。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,浓缩物溶于200mL乙酸乙酯中,依次用蒸馏水、饱和食盐水洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,浓缩物经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷/甲醇,v:v=50/1)得到目标产物3 -氧代-3-((吡啶-4-基甲基)氨基)丙酸乙酯5g,棕色固体,收率48%。1H-NMR(400MHz, CDCl3)δ:8.57-8.55(m,1H),8.13-8.10(m,2H),7.35-7.30(m,2H),4.62-4.60(m,2H), 4.26-4.18(m,2H),3.4(s,2H),1.32-1.37(t,3H,J=7.2Hz);ESI-MS(m/z):Calcd. For C21H17N7O3+H:223.10;Found:222.90。
(2)3-氧代-3-((吡啶-4-基甲基)氨基)丙酸的制备
取化合物3-氧代-3-((吡啶-4-基甲基)氨基)丙酸乙酯(2.2g,10mmol)溶于10mL甲醇、 10mL THF和5mL水的混合溶剂中,加入氢氧化锂一水合物(0.84g,20mmol),反应液室温下搅拌16小时。TLC监控反应完全。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,加入10mL水稀释,用3N HCl水溶液调节pH 5~6,然后用乙酸乙酯(20mL×3)萃取,合并有机相。有机相用依次用蒸馏水、饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压旋蒸除去溶剂,浓缩物经柱层析纯化(二氯甲烷/甲醇/甲酸,v:v:v=20/1/0.05),得到目标产物3-氧代-3-((吡啶-4- 基甲基)氨基)丙酸1.5g,收率77%。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.1(br,s,1H), 8.67-8.65(m,1H),8.18-8.16(m,2H),7.40-7.35(m,2H),4.62-4.60(m,2H),3.4(s,2H); ESI-MS(m/z):Calcd.For C21H17N7O3+H:195.07;Found:195.10。
(3)3-氧代-3-((吡啶-4-基甲基)氨基)丙酸(R)-(3-((4-(2-(二氰基亚甲基)肼基)苯基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-5,6-二氢哒嗪-1(4H)-基)甲基酯(TCX-1001-036)的制备
取化合物(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰亚甲基)肼(0.26g,0.84mmol),TSTU(0.3g,1mmol),3-氧代-3-((吡啶-4-基甲基)氨基)丙酸(0.18g,0.92mmol)置于50mL单口瓶中,加入5mL二氯甲烷,搅拌下加入三乙胺(0.3g,3mmol),室温搅拌5小时,TLC检测无原料剩余,减压旋蒸除去溶剂,所得物用柱层析纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH,v:v=50/1),得到标题化合物0.11g,黄色固体,收率 27%。1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:13.2(br,s,1H),8.71-8.68(m,1H),8.32-8.29(m,2H), 7.95-7.93(m,2H),7.65-7.62(m,2H),7.45-7.40(m,2H),6.08-5.98(m,2H),4.62-4.60(m, 2H),3.54-3.50(m,1H),3.4(s,2H),2.98-2.92(m,1H),2.53-2.51(m,1H),1.15(d,3H,J= 7.2Hz);ESI-MS(m/z):Calcd.For C21H17N7O3+H:487.14;Found:487.15。
本发明解决了左西孟旦在绝大多数溶剂(包括水)中溶解性差的问题。制备左西孟旦的液体制剂时,避免了必须使用有机溶剂并且同时需要添加有毒助溶剂的缺陷。
同时,左西孟旦本身由于其溶解性限制,难以制成口服制剂。本发明所设计制备的新化合物,解决了这个缺陷,可以分散到水中,即可以以分子或离子的形式分散于胃液或肠液中,利于生物体口服吸收,可解决左西孟旦难以制成口服制剂的问题。
实施例14:样品稳定性试验
将以上实施例1-13制备的化合物样品,在强光(4500Lx±500Lx)照射、高温(60℃±2℃)和高湿(90%±5%)条件下放置(裸放)10天后,外观、有关物质均无明显变化。因此实施例1-13制备的化合物样品经初步考察是稳定的。
实施例15:样品测定试验
检测色谱条件为:用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;以磷酸盐缓冲液(称取磷酸二氢钠1.56g,加水1000ml溶解,用磷酸调节pH值至3.5)-甲醇(30:70)为流动相;流速为每分钟1.0mL;柱温为30℃;检测波长为254nm;进样体积10μL。
供试品溶液:取本品(TCX-H1001-031)适量,精密称定,加甲醇溶解制成每1ml 中含0.5mg样品的溶液。
精密量取供试品溶液,注入液相色谱仪,记录色谱图。
附图1-3分别是实施例5制备的化合物TCX-H1001-031的1H-NMR图、ESI-MS图、液相色谱图。
实施例16:化合物药代动力学试验
附图4-6分别是化合物TCX-1001-031给药后在血浆中自身含量的变化图、释放出左西孟旦含量的变化图以及药代动力学代谢转化率。由图中可知,TCX-1001-031可在1 分钟内即被完全代谢,即其含量1分钟内降为0;而代谢释放出来的原药左西孟旦含量开始迅速升高,随后变为逐步升高,并随前药代谢完全趋于稳定,表明10分钟内 TCX-1001-031转化为原料的代谢转化率约为40%,属于优质的前药分子。
表3为本发明中某些特定的化合物体内给药后的结果,表明分别在1-10分钟内即被完全代谢,左西孟旦含量随之升高,并随前药代谢完全趋于稳定。10分钟内,这些化合物在血浆中转化成左西孟旦的转化率约为30-45%。
表3.代谢转化率
化合物 | 代谢转化率 |
1(TCX1001-029) | 39.4% |
2(TCX1001-031) | 40.0% |
3(TCX1001-032) | 35.1% |
4(TCX1001-030) | 38.9% |
5(TCX1001-037) | 35.6% |
6(TCX1001-033) | 44.6% |
7(TCX1001-036) | 36.9% |
8(TCX1001-039) | 35.1% |
9(TCX1001-041) | 35.6% |
10(TCX1001-034) | 34.9% |
11(TCX1001-035) | 37.8% |
12(TCX1001-040) | 37.6% |
13(TCX1001-038) | 36.4% |
从药代试验结果看,所述13个前药分子在血浆中10分钟内代谢转化率,其中以1、2、4、6的代谢转化率最高,依据现有数据显示,上述13个化合物分子均具有成为前药的潜力。
实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改造,这些都属于本发明的保护范围,因此,本发明专利的保护范围以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的前药化合物,其特征在于,所述Ra和Rb分别为氢原子。
3.根据权利要求2所述的前药化合物,其特征在于,所述含有N原子的碱性基团选自4-(吗啡啉-1-基甲基)苯基、4-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基甲基)苯基、N,N-二甲基胺基甲基、吡啶-3-基、4-(哌啶-1-基)-哌啶-1-基、氨基甲基、吡啶-4-基甲基胺基甲酰基甲基或吡咯烷-1-基甲基。
4.根据权利要求2所述的前药化合物,其特征在于,所述酸性基团选自羧基甲基、羧基乙基、羧基甲氧基、磷酰基氧基甲基、磺酰基氧基甲基、磺酸基甲基、磷酰基氧基乙基、磺酰基氧基乙基或磺酸基乙基。
5.根据权利要求3所述的前药化合物,其特征在于,所述含有N原子的碱性基团选自4-(吗啡啉-1-基甲基)苯基、4-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基甲基)苯基、N,N-二甲基胺基甲基或吡啶-3-基。
6.根据权利要求4所述的前药化合物,其特征在于,所述酸性基团选自羧基甲基、羧基乙基、磷酰基氧基甲基、磺酰基氧基甲基或磺酸基甲基。
7.根据权利要求5所述的前药化合物,其特征在于,所述含有N原子的碱性基团选自4-(吗啡啉-1-基甲基)苯基或4-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基甲基)苯基。
8.一种权利要求1所述左西孟旦的前药化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)用二碳酸二叔丁酯与(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮反应,制备得到(R)-(4-((4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯;
(2)将(R)-(4-((4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯与多聚甲醛在碱存在下反应,得到(R)-(4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯;
(3)在酸性条件下,将(R)-(4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯脱Boc基团,转化为(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-2-(羟甲基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮;
(4)将(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-2-(羟甲基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮,与亚硝酸钠、丙二腈在酸性条件下反应,制得(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰基亚甲基)肼;
(5)将步骤(4)所制备的(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰基亚甲基)肼分别与相应取代基的羧酸或其活化形式反应,得到所述前药化合物。
9.权利要求1-7任一项所述的前药化合物在制备治疗心力衰竭疾病的药物中的应用。
10.权利要求8所述的制备方法中所述步骤(2)、(3)和(4)中的中间体(R)-(4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁基酯、(R)-6-((4-氨基苯基)-2-(羟甲基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢哒嗪-3(2H)-酮和(R)-N-((4-(1-(羟甲基)-4-甲基-6-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢哒嗪-3-基)苯基)双氰基亚甲基)肼在制备治疗心力衰竭疾病的药物中的应用。
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