CN112500249A - Modifier for improving absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Modifier for improving absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112500249A CN112500249A CN202011218351.1A CN202011218351A CN112500249A CN 112500249 A CN112500249 A CN 112500249A CN 202011218351 A CN202011218351 A CN 202011218351A CN 112500249 A CN112500249 A CN 112500249A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting, and further discloses a preparation method of the modifier. The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting takes the esculetin and/or the diosmetin as effective components, and the esculetin and/or the diosmetin have obvious nitrification inhibition effect, so that the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer in the crop planting process can be effectively improved, and the yield of corn can be effectively improved in the corn planting process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting, and further discloses a preparation method of the modifier.
Background
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient element for plants and also is the most important nutrient limiting factor for crop yield, and the application of nitrogen fertilizers has become an essential way for agricultural producers to obtain high yield. According to the food and agriculture organization estimation of the united nations, more than 55 percent of the food yield increasing effect of developing countries is attributed to chemical fertilizers, wherein the application of nitrogen fertilizers is taken as a main management measure in the current crop production and plays an important role in ensuring the high yield of crops. However, the excessive and irrational application of fertilizer nitrogen and its rapid hydrolysis and nitrification in the soil result in a generally low utilization of nitrogen fertilizers. At present, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural production in China is only about 20-30% on average, and the yield-increasing benefit of unit usage is gradually reduced from 90 years. Therefore, how to reasonably apply nitrogen fertilizer and improve the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer are always concerned, and the method becomes a problem and a research hotspot which are urgently needed to be solved in agricultural production.
In the corn planting process, nitrogen needs to be continuously absorbed in the whole growth period, and the nitrogen is needed to be the most in the period from the elongation period to the large flare and in the period from the silking period to the grouting period. However, because the top dressing is difficult in the later period of corn growth, the phenomenon that base fertilizer is applied once after one-time fertilization (one-shot blast) and the top dressing is not performed any more in the later period is common. Rural labor transfer and labor cost increase are one of the main limiting factors for further improvement of corn yield. According to the report, farmers in Shandong province who adopt one-time fertilization technology reach 54.5%, but only applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer once in the growth period easily causes unbalanced fertilizer distribution, causes volatilization and leaching loss of nitrogen in the early stage, and causes denitrification phenomenon easily in the later stage, thereby reducing the corn yield and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency.
Research has shown that the nitrogen fertilizer lost through nitrification-denitrification can account for about 34% of the nitrogen loss. The nitrification inhibitor is a general name of substances capable of inhibiting activities of microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria and the like in soil, and the technical principle is as follows: it can inhibit the sub-nitrification, nitrification and denitrification processes in soil after entering the soil, thereby blocking NH4+To NO2-、NO3-And (3) transformation. The nitrification inhibitor is applied together with the nitrogen fertilizer, and can inhibit the nitrification by inhibiting the activity of nitrifying bacteria, so that NH can be applied to a nitrogen source for a long time4+The form of-N exists for crop utilization. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency can be improved by artificially controlling the absorption of the nitrogen fertilizer by applying the nitrification inhibitor to the farmland. Therefore, the development of a novel nitrification inhibitor product capable of promoting the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer has positive significance for improving the yield and the quality of crops.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an improver for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in corn planting, so as to solve the problem of low utilization rate of N fertilizer in the corn planting process in the prior art;
the second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the application of the modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting in the field of corn planting.
In order to solve the technical problems, the modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting comprises esculetin with a structure shown in a formula (I) and/or diosmetin with a structure shown in a formula (II);
specifically, the mass ratio of esculetin to diosmetin is 1-3: 2-4.
Specifically, the mass ratio of esculetin to diosmetin is 2: 3.
specifically, the addition amount of the modifying agent based on the N-containing base fertilizer is 0.5-5 wt% of the pure N.
Specifically, the modifying agent is the esculetin, and the adding amount of the modifying agent based on the N-containing base fertilizer is 1-5 wt% of the pure N.
Specifically, the modifier is the diosmetin, and the addition amount of the modifier based on the N-containing base fertilizer is 0.5-3 wt% of the amount of pure N.
Specifically, the improver also comprises an acceptable auxiliary agent in corn planting.
The invention also discloses application of the modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting in the field of corn planting.
Specifically, the modifying agent is added together when base fertilizer is applied in corn planting.
The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting takes the esculetin and/or the diosmetin as effective components, and the esculetin and/or the diosmetin have obvious nitrification inhibition effect, so that the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer in the crop planting process can be effectively improved, and the yield of corn can be effectively improved in the corn planting process.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, the following detailed description of the present disclosure is provided in connection with specific embodiments thereof and the accompanying drawings, in which,
FIG. 1 shows the results of corn yields for each experimental group;
FIG. 2 shows the difference between the partial fertility influences of the experimental groups.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3 escin and diosmetin.
Example 2
The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2 and aesculin.
Example 3
The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4 escin and diosmetin.
Example 4
The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2 and aesculin.
Example 5
The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4 escin and diosmetin.
Example 6
The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting is esculetin.
Example 7
The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting is diosmetin.
Examples of the experiments
In the following experimental examples of the present invention, the evaluation and study of nitrification inhibition performance were carried out with reference to the inhibition experimental protocol described in chinese patent CN 107673941B.
1. Inhibition assay for the pure ammonia oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC25978T
In pure medium (1L sterile water containing 2.5g (NH4)2SO4，0.5g KH2PO4，5mg CaCl2.2H2O，0.1g MgSO4.7H2O，0.5g NaHCO31g NaCl, 1mL 75mg FeNaEDTA, 11.92g HEPES) to which esculetin, diosmetin, and a mixture of esculetin and diosmetin at different concentrations (mass ratio 2: 3) calculating NO produced in each set of protocols2 -N concentration, reflected as NPI nitrification inhibition, the results of the test are shown in Table 1 below.
Nitrite production inhibition rate
TABLE 1% NPI results for each experimental group
| NPI％ | 0.01mM | 0.05mM | 0.1mM | 0.5mM |
| Esculetin | 45.4 | 68.6 | 94.3 | 100 |
| Diosmetin | 49.3 | 72.5 | 96.1 | 100 |
| Mixture of | 53.1 | 76.9 | 99.9 | 100 |
From the results in the table, the esculetin, the diosmetin and the mixture thereof selected by the invention have obvious inhibition effect on nitrosation process of the Nitrosomonas europaea strain, can realize 100% inhibition rate under 0.05mM addition concentration, can obtain higher inhibition effect under 0.01mM addition concentration, and can be used as nitrification inhibitor for planting crops.
2. Soil sample nitrification inhibition
A soil sample (10g, oven dried weight) was taken into a 100mL Erlenmeyer flask and treated with distilled water to achieve 40% water retention. The samples were incubated at 25 ℃ in the dark for 7 days to stabilize microbial activity, and then aerobic culture experiments were performed for 42 days to study the effect of different amendments on soil nitrification performance. Reacting NH4Cl solution was added to each Erlenmeyer flask to provide 400mg N kg-1NH of soil (dry soil calculation)4And (4) Cl solution. In each experimental group, esculetin, diosmetin and a mixture of esculetin and diosmetin were added in an amount of 100. mu. mol/kg of dry soil (mass ratio 2: 3), respectively.
NH was measured on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 during the culture of each experimental group, respectively4+-N and NO3--concentration of N, nitrification inhibition (NI%) was calculated by the following formula:
nitration ratio (%) < NO >3--N/(NH4+-N+NO3--N)×100％；
Nitrification inhibition (NI%) (nitrification of control-nitrification of sample)/nitrification of control × 100%.
The NI% test results for each experimental group are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 NI% test results for each experimental group
From the results in the table, it can be seen that the esculetin, diosmetin and their mixture selected by the present invention have long-term stable nitrification inhibition.
Application example
The field test is carried out in Zibo city Zizizili district Zhutaizhen Xuwancun (118 degrees 12 'E, 36 degrees 57' N) in 6 months to 2019 months in 2019. The physicochemical properties of the soil 0-30cm in the test field are as follows: the pH value is 7.8, the organic matter content is 18.8g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 0.60g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 73.6mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 30.8mg/kg and the quick-acting potassium content is 174 mg/kg.
The test sets up 4 experimental treatments altogether, specifically includes:
group T0: according to a conventional sowing and planting mode, the base fertilizer is a special fertilizer for corn, the formula is 26-11-8, the dosage is 675kg/ha, and the base fertilizer is applied at one time during sowing, wherein the proportion of resin coated urea (sold in the market) to common urea is respectively 5: 5, topdressing is not carried out during the planting period;
group T1: according to a conventional sowing and planting mode, the base fertilizer is a special fertilizer for corn, the formula is 26-11-8, the dosage is 675kg/ha, and the base fertilizer is applied at one time during sowing, wherein the proportion of resin coated urea (sold in the market) to common urea is respectively 5: 5, when the base fertilizer is applied, esculetin is added according to 1 wt% of the pure N amount of the special fertilizer for corn and is fully stirred, and no additional fertilizer is applied during planting;
group T2: according to a conventional sowing and planting mode, the base fertilizer is a special fertilizer for corn, the formula is 26-11-8, the dosage is 675kg/ha, and the base fertilizer is applied at one time during sowing, wherein the proportion of resin coated urea (sold in the market) to common urea is respectively 5: 5, when the base fertilizer is applied, adding diosmetin according to 1 wt% of pure N of the special fertilizer for corn, fully stirring, and not performing additional fertilization during planting;
group T3: according to a conventional sowing and planting mode, the base fertilizer is a special fertilizer for corn, the formula is 26-11-8, the dosage is 675kg/ha, and the base fertilizer is applied at one time during sowing, wherein the proportion of resin coated urea (sold in the market) to common urea is respectively 5: and 5, when the base fertilizer is applied, adding a mixture (mass ratio of 2: 3) of diosmetin and diosmetin according to 1 wt% of the pure N of the special fertilizer for corn, and fully stirring, wherein no additional fertilizer is applied during planting.
The tested varieties processed by the T0-T3 are farmyard manure 372, the processing in each large area is convenient for mechanical operation, and the processing sowing area is 600m2. Massage for preventing and treating diseases, pests and weedsThe field is managed uniformly as usual, and no obvious plant diseases and insect pests and weeds occur in the growth period. The sowing time is 6 months and 15 days, and the harvesting time is 9 months and 28 days.
3 corns with uniform growth vigor are taken in each cell in the mature period, and the mature period is divided into two parts of grains and straws. Deactivating enzyme of the sample at 105 ℃ for 30min, drying the sample to constant weight at 75 ℃, recording the weight of the dried sample, and using the powder sample for measuring the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Randomly selecting 10.5m in each cell in the mature period2And (4) selecting 10 ears from the samples for seed test, air-drying, threshing, measuring the total weight, and finally converting into the yield with the water content of 14%.
The yield of the fertilizer (kg/kg) is the yield of grains/the amount of fertilizer (the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers).
Data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007; data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software and significance analysis was performed using the Duncan method (P <0.05 level).
The corn yield of each experimental group is shown in the attached figure 1, and the corn yield of the experimental group is greatly improved after the modifier is added, so that the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer can be effectively promoted, and the crop yield is improved.
The influence difference of the partial productivity of the corn fertilizer in each experimental group is shown in the attached figure 2, and the change range of the partial productivity (PFP) of the fertilizer is 21.2kg/kg-40.0kg/kg under different treatment modes. The PFP of the other treatments was significantly increased compared to the T0 treatment, with the PFP of the T3 treatment being the highest (40.0 kg/kg).
Therefore, the modifier has a good nitrification inhibition effect, can promote the effective utilization of nitrogen fertilizer in the corn planting process, and further improves the yield of corn crops.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An improver for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting, which is characterized in that the improver comprises esculetin with a structure shown in a formula (I) and/or diosmetin with a structure shown in a formula (II);
2. the improver for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers for corn planting according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of esculetin to diosmetin is 1-3: 2-4.
3. The improver for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers for corn planting according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of esculetin to diosmetin is 2: 3.
4. an improver for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the improver is added in an amount of 0.5 to 5 wt% based on the amount of N-containing base fertilizer.
5. The improver for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting according to claim 4, wherein the improver is the esculetin, and the addition amount of the improver based on the N-containing base fertilizer is 1-5 wt% of the pure N amount.
6. An improver for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting according to claim 4, wherein the improver is diosmetin, and the addition amount of the improver based on the N-containing base fertilizer is 0.5-3 wt% of the pure N amount.
7. The improver for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the improver further comprises an auxiliary agent acceptable in corn planting.
8. Use of the improver for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the field of corn planting.
9. The use of claim 8, wherein the improver is co-added during the application of base fertilizer for corn planting.
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Citations (3)
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| CN106472072A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-03-08 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | A kind of seeding growing seedlings method of kaffir lily |
| CN107027469A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-08-11 | 界首市兴邦家庭农场 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield sealwort |
| CN110226473A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-13 | 山西省农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of High-yield Wheat |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106472072A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-03-08 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | A kind of seeding growing seedlings method of kaffir lily |
| CN107027469A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-08-11 | 界首市兴邦家庭农场 | A kind of implantation methods of high yield sealwort |
| CN110226473A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-13 | 山西省农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of High-yield Wheat |
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| Title |
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| 王国栋等: "狭叶米口袋化学成分研究", 《中国中药杂志》 * |
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