CN112500249B

CN112500249B - Modifier for improving absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112500249B
Application number: CN202011218351.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 薛艳芳; 蒋丽萍; 李宗新; 崔振岭; 张慧; 高英波; 钱欣; 王慧敏; 肖蓉; 于正贵
Original assignee: Maize Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Maize Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-11-04
Filing date: 2020-11-04
Publication date: 2022-11-22
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-04
Also published as: CN112500249A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting, and further discloses a preparation method of the modifier. The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting takes the esculetin and/or the diosmetin as effective components, and the esculetin and/or the diosmetin have obvious nitrification inhibition effect, so that the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer in the crop planting process can be effectively improved, and the yield of corn can be effectively improved in the corn planting process.

Description

Modifier for improving absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting, and further discloses a preparation method of the modifier.

Background

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient element for plants and also is the most important nutrient limiting factor for crop yield, and the application of nitrogen fertilizers has become an essential way for agricultural producers to obtain high yield. According to the food and agriculture organization estimation of the united nations, more than 55 percent of the food yield increasing effect of developing countries is attributed to chemical fertilizers, wherein the application of nitrogen fertilizers is taken as a main management measure in the current crop production and plays an important role in ensuring the high yield of crops. However, the excessive and irrational application of fertilizer nitrogen and its rapid hydrolysis and nitrification in the soil result in a generally low utilization of nitrogen fertilizers. At present, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural production in China is only about 20-30% on average, and the yield-increasing benefit of unit usage is gradually reduced from 90 years. Therefore, how to reasonably apply nitrogen fertilizer and improve the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer are always concerned, and the method becomes a problem and a research hotspot which are urgently needed to be solved in agricultural production.

In the corn planting process, nitrogen needs to be continuously absorbed in the whole growth period, and the nitrogen is needed to be the most in the period from the elongation period to the large flare opening period and from the silking period to the grouting period. However, because the top dressing is difficult in the later period of corn growth, the phenomenon that base fertilizer is applied once after one-time fertilization (one-shot), and the top dressing is not performed any more in the later period is common. Rural labor transfer and increased labor costs are one of the main limiting factors for further improvement of corn yield. According to the report, farmers in Shandong province who adopt one-time fertilization technology reach 54.5%, but only applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer once in the growth period easily causes unbalanced fertilizer distribution, causes volatilization and leaching loss of nitrogen in the early stage, and causes denitrification phenomenon easily in the later stage, thereby reducing the corn yield and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency.

Research has shown that the nitrogen fertilizer lost through nitrification-denitrification can account for about 34% of the nitrogen loss. The nitrification inhibitor is a general name of substances capable of inhibiting activities of microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria and the like in soil, and the technical principle is as follows: it can inhibit the sub-nitrification, nitrification and denitrification processes in soil after entering the soil, thereby blocking NH ⁴⁺ To NO ^2- 、NO ^3- And (3) transformation. The nitrification inhibitor is applied together with the nitrogen fertilizer, and can inhibit the nitrification by inhibiting the activity of nitrifying bacteria, so that NH can be applied to a nitrogen source for a long time ⁴⁺ The form of-N exists for crop utilization. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency can be improved by artificially controlling the absorption of the nitrogen fertilizer by applying the nitrification inhibitor to the farmland. Therefore, the development of a novel nitrification inhibitor product capable of promoting the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer has positive significance for improving the yield and quality of crops.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the improver for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer in corn planting so as to solve the problem of low utilization rate of the N fertilizer in the corn planting process in the prior art;

the second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the application of the modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting in the field of corn planting.

In order to solve the technical problems, the modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting comprises esculetin with a structure shown in a formula (I) and/or diosmetin with a structure shown in a formula (II);

specifically, the mass ratio of esculetin to diosmetin is 1-3:2-4.

Specifically, the mass ratio of esculetin to diosmetin is 2:3.

specifically, the addition amount of the modifier is 0.5-5wt% of the pure N based on the N-containing base fertilizer.

Specifically, the modifying agent is the esculetin, and the adding amount of the modifying agent based on the N-containing base fertilizer is 1-5wt% of the pure N.

Specifically, the modifier is the diosmetin, and the addition amount of the modifier based on the N-containing base fertilizer is 0.5-3wt% of the amount of pure N.

Specifically, the improver also comprises an acceptable auxiliary agent in corn planting.

The invention also discloses application of the modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting in the field of corn planting.

Specifically, the modifier is added together when base fertilizer is applied in corn planting.

The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting takes the esculetin and/or the diosmetin as effective components, and the esculetin and/or the diosmetin have obvious nitrification inhibition effect, so that the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer in the crop planting process can be effectively improved, and the yield of corn can be effectively improved in the corn planting process.

Drawings

In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, the following detailed description of the present disclosure is provided in connection with specific embodiments thereof and the accompanying drawings, in which,

FIG. 1 shows the results of corn yields for each experimental group;

FIG. 2 shows the difference between the partial fertility influences of the experimental groups.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3 escin and diosmetin.

Example 2

The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2 and aesculin.

Example 3

The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting comprises a raw material with the mass ratio of 1:4, aesculin and diosmetin.

Example 4

Example 5

The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4 escin and diosmetin.

Example 6

The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting is esculetin.

Example 7

The modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer for corn planting is diosmetin.

Examples of the experiments

In the following experimental examples of the present invention, the evaluation and study of nitrification inhibition performance were carried out with reference to the inhibition experimental protocol described in chinese patent CN 107673941B.

1. Inhibition assay for the pure ammonia oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC25978T

In pure medium of Nitrosomonas europaea (2.5 g (NH 4) in 1L sterile water) ₂ SO ₄ ，0.5g KH ₂ PO ₄ ，5mg CaCl ₂ .2H ₂ O，0.1g MgSO ₄ .7H ₂ O，0.5g NaHCO ₃ 1g NaCl,1mL 75mg FeNaEDTA,11.92g HEPES) were added to esculetin, diosmetin, and a mixture of esculetin and diosmetin at different concentrations (mass ratio 2: 3) Calculating NO produced in each set of protocols ₂ ^- N concentration, reflected as NPI nitrification inhibition, the results of the test are shown in Table 1 below.

Nitrite production inhibition rate

TABLE 1% NPI results for each experimental group

NPI％	0.01mM	0.05mM	0.1mM	0.5mM
					Esculetin	45.4	68.6	94.3	100
Diosmetin	49.3	72.5	96.1	100
					Mixture of	53.1	76.9	99.9	100

The results in the table show that the esculetin, diosmetin and the mixture thereof selected by the invention have obvious inhibition effect on nitrosation process of the Nitrosomonas europaea strain, can realize 100% inhibition rate under 0.05mM addition concentration, can obtain higher inhibition effect under 0.01mM addition concentration, and can be used as nitrification inhibitor for planting crops.

2. Soil sample nitrification inhibition

A soil sample (10 g, oven dried weight) was taken and charged to a 100mL Erlenmeyer flask and treated with distilled water to achieve 40% water retention. The samples were incubated at 25 ℃ in the dark for 7 days to stabilize the microbial activity, and then subjected to a 42 day aerobic culture experiment to investigate the effect of different amendments on soil nitrification performance. Reacting NH ₄ Cl solution was added to each Erlenmeyer flask to provide 400mg N kg ^-1 NH of soil (dry soil calculation) ₄ And (4) Cl solution. In each experimental group, esculetin, diosmetin and a mixture of esculetin and diosmetin were added in an amount of 100. Mu. Mol/kg of dry soil (mass ratio 2.

Respectively at each entityDetermination of NH on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 during group culture ⁴⁺ -N and NO ^3- -concentration of N, nitrification inhibition (NI%) was calculated by the following formula:

nitration rate (%) = NO ^3- -N/(NH ⁴⁺ -N+NO ^3- -N)×100％；

Nitrification inhibition (NI%) = (nitrification of control-nitrification of sample)/nitrification of control × 100%.

The NI% test results for each experimental group are shown in table 2 below.

TABLE 2 NI% test results for each experimental group

From the results in the table, it can be seen that the esculetin, diosmetin and their mixture selected by the present invention have long-term stable nitrification inhibition.

Application example

The field test is carried out in Zibo city at Zizibo Linzizizizhi Xuwancun (118 ℃ 12'E,36 ℃ 57' N) from 6 months to 2019 months in 2019. The physicochemical properties of the soil 0-30cm in the test field are as follows: pH is 7.8, organic matter is 18.8g/kg, total nitrogen is 0.60g/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 73.6mg/kg, quick-acting phosphorus is 30.8mg/kg, and quick-acting potassium is 174mg/kg.

The test sets up 4 experimental treatments altogether, specifically includes:

group T0: according to a conventional sowing and planting mode, the base fertilizer is a special fertilizer for corn, the formula is 26-11-8, the dosage is 675kg/ha, and the base fertilizer is applied at one time during sowing, wherein the proportion of resin coated urea (sold in the market) to common urea is respectively 5:5, topdressing is not carried out during the planting period;

group T1: according to a conventional sowing and planting mode, the base fertilizer is a special fertilizer for corn, the formula is 26-11-8, the dosage is 675kg/ha, and the base fertilizer is applied at one time during sowing, wherein the proportion of resin coated urea (sold in the market) to common urea is respectively 5:5, when the base fertilizer is applied, esculetin is added according to 1wt% of the pure N amount of the special fertilizer for corn and is fully stirred, and no additional fertilizer is applied during planting;

group T2: according to a conventional sowing and planting mode, the base fertilizer is a special fertilizer for corn, the formula is 26-11-8, the dosage is 675kg/ha, and the base fertilizer is applied at one time during sowing, wherein the proportion of resin coated urea (sold in the market) to common urea is respectively 5:5, when the base fertilizer is applied, adding diosmetin according to 1wt% of the pure N amount of the special fertilizer for corn, fully stirring, and not performing topdressing during planting;

and (3) group T: according to a conventional sowing and planting mode, the base fertilizer is a special fertilizer for corn, the formula is 26-11-8, the dosage is 675kg/ha, and the base fertilizer is applied at one time during sowing, wherein the proportion of resin coated urea (sold in the market) to common urea is respectively 5: and 5, when the base fertilizer is applied, adding a mixture of diosmetin and diosmetin (mass ratio of 2 to 3) according to 1wt% of the pure N of the special fertilizer for corn, fully stirring, and not performing additional fertilization during planting.

The T0-T3 processed test varieties are all agricultural crops 372, the mechanical operation is convenient for processing in each large area, and the sowing area of each processing is 600m ² . The prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds are uniformly managed according to the conventional field, and no obvious diseases, pests and weeds occur in the growth period. The sowing time is 6 months and 15 days, and the harvesting time is 9 months and 28 days.

3 corns with uniform growth vigor are taken in each cell in the maturation period, and the maturation period is divided into two parts, namely seeds and straws. Deactivating enzyme at 105 deg.c for 30min, baking at 75 deg.c to constant weight, recording the dry weight and determining the concentration of N, P and K in the powder sample. Randomly selecting 10.5m in each cell in the mature period ² And (4) selecting 10 ears from the samples for seed test, air-drying, threshing, measuring the total weight, and finally converting into the yield with the water content of 14%.

Fertilizer partial productivity (kg/kg) = grain yield/fertilization amount (total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers).

Data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007; data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software and significance analysis was performed using the Duncan method (P <0.05 level).

The corn yield harvested by each experimental group is shown in the attached figure 1, and the corn yield of the experimental group is greatly improved after the modifier is added, so that the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer can be effectively promoted, and the crop yield is improved.

The influence difference of the partial productivity of the corn fertilizer in each experimental group is shown in the attached figure 2, and the change range of the partial productivity (PFP) of the fertilizer is 21.2kg/kg-40.0kg/kg under different treatment modes. The PFP of the other treatments was significantly increased compared to the T0 treatment, with the T3 treatment having the highest PFP (40.0 kg/kg).

Therefore, the modifier has a good nitrification inhibition effect, can promote the effective utilization of nitrogen fertilizer in the corn planting process, and further improves the yield of corn crops.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. Use of esculetin and/or diosmetin for preparing a modifier for improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers for corn planting, wherein esculetin has a structure shown as formula (I) below, and diosmetin has a structure shown as formula (II) below:

2. use according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of esculetin to diosmetin is from 1 to 3:2-4.

3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that the mass ratio of esculetin to diosmetin is 2:3.

4. use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the improver is added in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the N-containing base fertilizer, based on the amount of pure N.

5. Use according to claim 4, characterized in that the improver is the esculetin, the improver being added in an amount of 1-5wt% based on the N-containing base fertilizer, based on the amount of pure N.

6. Use according to claim 4, characterized in that the improver is the diosmetin, the amount of improver added being 0.5-3wt% of the amount of pure N, based on the N-containing base fertilizer.

7. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the improver further comprises an adjuvant acceptable in corn planting.

8. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the improver is co-added at the time of base fertilizer application in corn planting.