CN111620739A - Special rice fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straw, preparation method and use method - Google Patents
Special rice fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straw, preparation method and use method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws, a preparation method and a use method thereof2O5Of a second raw material containing K2A third raw material of O, a fourth raw material containing Mn, a fifth raw material containing Zn, a sixth raw material containing B, amino acid, alginic acid, compound sodium nitrophenolate and sepiolite; compared with the conventional rice fertilizer, the nitrogen proportion in the fertilizer is increased, the requirement of nitrogen of rice and soil microorganisms is met, the condition that the microorganisms compete for nitrogen with the rice in the early stage of decomposition of the wheat straws is effectively avoided, the growth of the rice is ensured, and the microbial degradation of the wheat straws is promoted; according to the content of phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the wheat strawsCompared with the conventional fertilizer, the fertilizer has the advantages of reducing the proportion of phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer, avoiding the waste of phosphorus and potassium nutrients and reducing the risk of non-point source pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws, a preparation method and a use method.
Background
Rice and wheat are main grain crops in China, rice and wheat crop rotation systems have a long history in China, and rice and wheat crop rotation areas are wide and comprise Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, northeast Hubei, Shubei, Shaannan and other areas. According to the statistical data of China, the rice planting area of China in 2019 is more than 4.45 million mu, the rice yield is more than 2 million tons, the wheat planting area is more than 3.5 million mu, the wheat yield is more than 1.3 million tons, and the rice straw yield of China per year is more than 2.1 million tons according to the rice-to-straw ratio. The rice straw is rich in organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements necessary for crop growth, and can be converted into soil organic matters after decomposition and simultaneously provide nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like for crops to absorb and utilize. The straw returning is one of the main modes of utilizing the straw as a fertilizer, and is also a more common mode of straw resource utilization in recent years. The research results at home and abroad show that: the straw returning can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improve the soil fertility, promote the active organic matters of the soil and increase the crop yield and the fertilizer utilization rate. However, the multiple cropping index of cultivated land in China is high, the stubble reversing time is short, the straw returning amount is large, and the high carbon-nitrogen ratio of the straw causes that adverse effects such as influence on cultivation, influence on seedling emergence and seedling burning and the like can exist after the straw is returned to the field.
The main way of utilizing, applying and popularizing rice straws is to crush and return rice straws to field directly, the rice straw crushing and returning to field in a rice and wheat rotation system shows that a large amount of rice straws cannot be deeply buried in a field and float on the soil surface in the field, after wheat is sowed, seeds cannot directly contact with soil, the root-pricking and water-absorbing are difficult, wheat seedlings emerge unevenly, root systems of the wheat seedlings are blackened and rotted, the wheat seedlings grow weak and the like, and the problems are that the rotary tillage depth is insufficient after the straws are returned to the field, the soil preparation quality is not high, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the rice straws is far higher than the carbon-nitrogen ratio (25: 1) suitable for the growth of microorganisms, so that the phenomenon that the microorganisms and the wheat compete for nitrogen in the straw decomposition process occurs. In addition, reducing substances, organic acid substances and the like generated in the rice straw decomposition can influence the growth of the root system of the wheat. Generally, the wheat seedling stage has less precipitation, and the decomposition of the rice straw is limited while the seedling growth of the wheat is limited.
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the inventors of the present invention have finally obtained the present invention through a long period of research and practice.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is to provide the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws, and the raw materials comprise a first raw material containing N and a first raw material containing P2O5Of a second raw material containing K2A third raw material of O, a fourth raw material containing Mn, a fifth raw material containing Zn, a sixth raw material containing B, compound amino acid, alginic acid, compound sodium nitrophenolate and sepiolite; every 100 parts by mass of the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws comprises the following components: n is 24-28 parts, P2O58 to 12 parts of K28 to 12 portions of O, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of Mn, 0.1 to 0.3 portion of Zn, 0.1 to 0.3 portion of B, 3 to 5 portions of amino acid, 0.3 to 0.6 portion of alginic acid, 0.2 to 0.5 portion of sodium nitrophenolate and 4.4 to 9.3 portions of sepiolite.
Preferably, the first raw material is at least one of urea, ammonium chloride and diammonium phosphate, the second raw material is diammonium phosphate, the third raw material is potassium chloride, the fourth raw material is manganese chloride, the fifth raw material is zinc sulfate, and the sixth raw material is borax.
Preferably, the preparation method of the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing the first raw material, the second raw material and the third raw material to obtain a first mixture;
s2, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing the fourth raw material, the fifth raw material and the sixth raw material to obtain a second mixture;
s3, chelating the compound amino acid, the alginic acid, the compound sodium nitrophenolate and the second mixture according to a proportion to obtain an amino acid chelated trace element solution;
s4, adding the sepiolite and the amino acid chelated trace element solution into the first mixture in batches, and mixing uniformly to obtain a prefabricated fertilizer;
and S5, granulating, drying, cooling and screening the prefabricated fertilizer to obtain the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws.
Preferably, in the step S3, the amino acid, the alginic acid and the compound sodium nitrophenolate are sequentially dissolved in water according to a proportion, the temperature of the reaction kettle is kept at 70-85 ℃, the stirring speed is 30-90 r/min, the dissolving time is 20-30 min, the second mixture is added into the reaction kettle for several times, the dissolving time is 15-25 min each time, and the second mixture is chelated for 30-45 min after being completely dissolved, so as to obtain the organic chelated trace element solution.
Preferably, the application method of the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws comprises the following steps:
a1, crushing wheat straws and returning the crushed wheat straws to the field: after the wheat is ripe every year, crushing the wheat straws to form returning wheat straws, and throwing the returning wheat straws into the rice field, wherein the crushing length of the returning wheat straws is less than or equal to 10cm, the cut-off length qualification rate is more than or equal to 90%, the throwing non-uniformity rate is less than or equal to 20%, and the wheat stubble height is less than or equal to 10 cm;
a2, straw rotting agent application:
a3, fertilizer application: the fertilizer is applied twice, the special rice fertilizer synergistic with the returned wheat straws is applied as a base fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied as an additional fertilizer;
a4, turning over and irrigating: and after the base fertilizer is applied, irrigating the water to the surface of the paddy field by 5-10 cm, turning the paddy field, and soaking the paddy field for 3-5 days.
Preferably, the straw rotting agent which can keep high activity under the conditions of 20-35 ℃ of temperature, 5.5-8.5 of pH and flooding is selected, 1-3 kg of the straw rotting agent is applied to each mu of area, and the straw rotting agent is dissolved in water or uniformly mixed with an organic fertilizer according to the ratio of 1: 5 and then sprayed or scattered on the wheat straws returned to the field.
Preferably, the base fertilizer is applied 3-5 days after the straw rotting agent is applied, and 30-60 kg of the base fertilizer is applied per mu; the additional fertilizer is applied in the tillering stage of rice, and 10-20 kg of the additional fertilizer is applied per mu.
Preferably, the depth of the turning soil layer is 15 cm-20 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1, the formula of the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws is an optimized formula obtained by comprehensively analyzing factors such as rice demand, soil supply, wheat straw nutrient release and the like according to the test results related to straw returning developed by an applicant team for many years. Compared with the conventional fertilizer special for rice, the fertilizer special for rice, provided by the invention, with synergistic effect with returning wheat straws has the advantages that the N content is increased by 10-30%, and the P content is increased by P2O5The content is reduced by 10 to 30 percent, K2The content of O is reduced by 10 to 20 percent. Compared with the conventional rice fertilizer, the nitrogen proportion in the fertilizer is increased, the nitrogen requirement of rice and soil microorganisms is ensured, the condition that the microorganisms compete for nitrogen with the rice in the early stage of decomposition of the wheat straws is effectively avoided, the growth of the rice is ensured, and the microbial degradation of the wheat straws is promoted; according to the content and the release rule of phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the wheat straws, compared with the conventional fertilizer, the invention reduces the proportion of phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer, avoids the waste of the phosphorus and potassium nutrients and simultaneously reduces the non-point source pollution risk; 2, the result of years of research by the applicant team shows that the trace element Mn with proper concentration can effectively promote straw decomposition, and simultaneously aims at trace elements Zn and B which are very easy to lack in rice production and straw returningThe special fertilizer for rice, which is synergistic with returning wheat straws, has the advantages that the trace elements Mn, Zn and B and compound sodium nitrophenolate are added in the formula of the special fertilizer for rice, amino acid, alginic acid, compound sodium nitrophenolate, Mn, Zn and B are uniformly dispersed through a chelation process, and the effectiveness of the Mn, Zn and B elements is improved; 3, the special rice fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws in field has the advantages that the components of micromolecule organic nutrient elements, namely amino acid and alginic acid, are added, the microbial activity is improved, the degradation effect of microbes on the wheat straws is improved, the amino acid, alginic acid and compound sodium nitrophenolate can stimulate the growth of rice root systems, the microbial activity of the rice root systems is promoted while the growth of rice is improved, the decomposition of the straws is accelerated, and the purpose of synergistic effect is achieved; 4, the sepiolite component has strong adsorption, acid-base neutralization and soil buffer capacity improvement performances, harmful substances and reducing substances in straw decomposition can be adsorbed, the aqueous solution of the sepiolite component is alkaline and can neutralize organic acid released by wheat straw decomposition, so that the rice emergence rate is ensured, the growth of rice and soil microorganisms is ensured, the straw decomposition is promoted from the side, and meanwhile, the sepiolite component also has the characteristic of enhancing the fertilizer strength, so that the synergistic effect is achieved; 5, the special rice fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws provided by the invention is a fertilizer with high particle strength and convenient for mechanized fertilization. The preparation method has the advantages of simple production process, easy operation and short production period, and is suitable for industrial production. Firstly, the trace elements are chelated with organic substances such as amino acid, alginic acid and the like, so that the effectiveness of the trace elements can be improved, the trace elements are easier to be uniformly dispersed in the fertilizer particles, various raw materials are mixed step by step, the effective components can be uniformly dispersed, the mutual reaction among the raw materials is reduced, the effective nutrients are reduced, the strength of the fertilizer particles is enhanced, and the occurrence probability of moisture absorption, bonding and the like of the raw materials is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preparation method of the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws.
Detailed Description
The above and further features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example one
In this embodiment, the fertilizer special for rice, which is synergistic with returning wheat straws, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of compound amino acid, 0.5 part of alginic acid, 0.5 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 8.3 parts of sepiolite, 47 parts of urea, 24 parts of diammonium phosphate, 13.5 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of manganese chloride tetrahydrate, 0.6 part of zinc sulfate, 1.6 parts of borax and a proper amount of water.
Wherein, the content of effective components is as follows: 3 portions of amino acid, 0.5 portion of alginic acid, 0.5 portion of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 8.3 portions of sepiolite, N26 portions, P2O511 parts of, K2O8 parts, Mn0.3 parts, Zn0.2 parts and B0.2 parts.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preparation method of the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws; the preparation method of the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively containing N, P2O5、K2Crushing and uniformly mixing the raw material O to obtain a first mixture;
s2, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing the raw materials containing Mn, Zn and B to obtain a second mixture;
s3, dissolving the compound amino acid, alginic acid and compound sodium nitrophenolate in proper water in sequence according to a certain proportion, keeping the temperature of the reaction kettle at 70-85 ℃, stirring at 30-90 r/min for 20-30 min, adding the second mixture into the fractional reaction kettle, dissolving for 15-30 min each time, and chelating for 30-45 min after the second mixture is completely dissolved to obtain the amino acid chelated trace element solution.
S4, adding the sepiolite and the amino acid chelated trace element solution into the first mixture in batches, and mixing uniformly to obtain a prefabricated fertilizer;
and S5, granulating, drying, cooling and screening the prefabricated fertilizer to obtain the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws.
Example two
In this embodiment, the fertilizer special for rice, which is synergistic with returning wheat straws, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of compound amino acid, 0.6 part of alginic acid, 0.2 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 9.3 parts of sepiolite, 41 parts of urea, 8 parts of ammonium chloride, 17.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 16.7 parts of potassium chloride, 1.6 parts of manganese chloride tetrahydrate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 0.8 part of borax and a proper amount of water.
Wherein, the content of effective components is as follows: 4 parts of amino acid, 0.6 part of alginic acid, 0.2 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 9.3 parts of sepiolite, N24 parts and P2O58 parts of, K2O10 parts, Mn0.5 parts, Zn0.1 parts and B0.1 parts.
The preparation method of the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively containing N, P2O5、K2Crushing and uniformly mixing the raw material O to obtain a first mixture;
s2, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing the raw materials containing Mn, Zn and B to obtain a second mixture;
s3, dissolving the compound amino acid, alginic acid and compound sodium nitrophenolate in proper water in sequence according to a certain proportion, keeping the temperature of the reaction kettle at 70-85 ℃, stirring at 30-90 r/min for 20-30 min, adding the second mixture into the fractional reaction kettle, dissolving for 15-30 min each time, and chelating for 30-45 min after the second mixture is completely dissolved to obtain the amino acid chelated trace element solution.
S4, adding the sepiolite and the amino acid chelated trace element solution into the first mixture in batches, and mixing uniformly to obtain a prefabricated fertilizer;
and S5, granulating, drying, cooling and screening the prefabricated fertilizer to obtain the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws.
EXAMPLE III
In this embodiment, the fertilizer special for rice, which is synergistic with returning wheat straws, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of compound amino acid, 0.3 part of alginic acid, 0.5 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 7.7 parts of sepiolite, 44 parts of urea, 26 parts of diammonium phosphate, 13.5 parts of potassium chloride, 1.3 parts of manganese chloride tetrahydrate, 0.9 part of zinc sulfate, 0.8 part of borax and a proper amount of water.
Therein, there areThe effective component content is as follows: 5 parts of amino acid, 0.3 part of alginic acid, 0.5 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 7.7 parts of sepiolite, N25 parts, P2O512 parts of, K2O8 parts, Mn0.4 parts, Zn0.3 parts and B0.1 parts.
The preparation method of the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively containing N, P2O5、K2Crushing and uniformly mixing the raw material O to obtain a first mixture;
s2, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing the raw materials containing Mn, Zn and B to obtain a second mixture;
s3, dissolving the compound amino acid, alginic acid and compound sodium nitrophenolate in proper water in sequence according to a certain proportion, keeping the temperature of the reaction kettle at 70-85 ℃, stirring at 30-90 r/min for 20-30 min, adding the second mixture into the fractional reaction kettle, dissolving for 15-30 min each time, and chelating for 30-45 min after the second mixture is completely dissolved to obtain the amino acid chelated trace element solution.
S4, adding the sepiolite and the amino acid chelated trace element solution into the first mixture in batches, and mixing uniformly to obtain a prefabricated fertilizer;
and S5, granulating, drying, cooling and screening the prefabricated fertilizer to obtain the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws.
Example four
In this embodiment, the fertilizer special for rice, which is synergistic with returning wheat straws, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of compound amino acid, 0.6 part of alginic acid, 0.5 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 4.9 parts of sepiolite, 53.5 parts of urea, 17.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 13.5 parts of potassium chloride, 1.6 parts of manganese chloride tetrahydrate, 0.6 part of zinc sulfate, 2.3 parts of borax and a proper amount of water.
Wherein, the content of effective components is as follows: 5 parts of amino acid, 0.6 part of alginic acid, 0.5 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 4.9 parts of sepiolite, N28 parts and P2O58 parts of, K2O8 parts, Mn0.5 parts, Zn0.2 parts and B0.3 parts.
The preparation method of the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively containing N, P2O5、K2Crushing and uniformly mixing the raw material O to obtain a first mixture;
s2, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing the raw materials containing Mn, Zn and B to obtain a second mixture;
s3, dissolving the compound amino acid, alginic acid and compound sodium nitrophenolate in proper water in sequence according to a certain proportion, keeping the temperature of the reaction kettle at 70-85 ℃, stirring at 30-90 r/min for 20-30 min, adding the second mixture into the fractional reaction kettle, dissolving for 15-30 min each time, and chelating for 30-45 min after the second mixture is completely dissolved to obtain the amino acid chelated trace element solution.
S4, adding the sepiolite and the amino acid chelated trace element solution into the first mixture in batches, and mixing uniformly to obtain a prefabricated fertilizer;
and S5, granulating, drying, cooling and screening the prefabricated fertilizer to obtain the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws.
EXAMPLE five
In this embodiment, the fertilizer special for rice, which is synergistic with returning wheat straws, is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of compound amino acid, 0.4 part of alginic acid, 0.4 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 7 parts of sepiolite, 47 parts of urea, 17.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 20 parts of potassium chloride, 1.6 parts of manganese chloride tetrahydrate, 0.6 part of zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts of borax and a proper amount of water.
Wherein, the content of effective components is as follows: 4 parts of amino acid, 0.4 part of alginic acid, 0.4 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 7 parts of sepiolite, N25 parts, and P2O58 parts of, K2O12 parts, Mn0.5 parts, Zn0.2 parts and B0.2 parts.
The preparation method of the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively containing N, P2O5、K2Crushing and uniformly mixing the raw material O to obtain a first mixture;
s2, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing the raw materials containing Mn, Zn and B to obtain a second mixture;
s3, dissolving the compound amino acid, alginic acid and compound sodium nitrophenolate in proper water in sequence according to a certain proportion, keeping the temperature of the reaction kettle at 70-85 ℃, stirring at 30-90 r/min for 20-30 min, adding the second mixture into the fractional reaction kettle, dissolving for 15-30 min each time, and chelating for 30-45 min after the second mixture is completely dissolved to obtain the amino acid chelated trace element solution.
S4, adding the sepiolite and the amino acid chelated trace element solution into the first mixture in batches, and mixing uniformly to obtain a prefabricated fertilizer;
and S5, granulating, drying, cooling and screening the prefabricated fertilizer to obtain the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws.
EXAMPLE six
The application method of the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws comprises the following steps:
a1, crushing wheat straws and returning the crushed wheat straws to the field: after the wheat is ripe every year, a combine harvester with a straw crushing and uniform throwing device is selected to harvest the wheat, the crushing length of the wheat straws is less than or equal to 10cm, the qualified rate of the cutting length is more than or equal to 90%, the uneven throwing rate is less than or equal to 20%, and the height of the wheat stubble is kept to be less than or equal to 10 cm;
a2, straw rotting agent application: selecting a straw rotting agent product which can keep high activity under the conditions of 20 ℃ to 2-35 ℃, pH 5.5-8.5 and flooding, applying 1 kg-3 kg of straw rotting agent per mu, dissolving the straw rotting agent in water or uniformly mixing the straw rotting agent with an organic fertilizer according to the ratio of 1: 5, and then spraying or scattering the straw rotting agent on returning wheat straws;
a3, fertilizer application: the fertilizer is applied twice, the base fertilizer is applied with 30-60 kg per mu of the special rice fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straw, the base fertilizer is applied 3-5 days after the straw rotting agent is applied, the additional fertilizer is applied in the tillering stage of the rice, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied 10-20 kg per mu.
A4, turning over and irrigating: after the base fertilizer is applied, water is irrigated to the surface of the field by 5-10 cm, a rotary cultivator is used for turning over the field by 0-20 cm in depth, then the field is soaked for 3-5 days, and normal management is adopted for seedling transplantation and pest control.
Example nutrient determination results and field application effects
In order to verify whether nutrient and physical indexes in each example are required by national standards, nutrient and physical indexes in each example are determined according to national standard methods such as GBT8571-2008, GBT8572-2010, GBT8573-2010, GBT8574-2010, GBT8576-2010, GBT24890-2010, GBT24891-2010, NYT1974-2010 and NYT1976-2010, and the determination results of products in each example all meet the requirements of each index in GB15063-2009 national standards.
TABLE-determination of example Nutrients and related indices
In order to find out the influence of the fertilizer special for rice and the application technology thereof on the growth and yield of rice, which are synergized with returning wheat straws, a fertilizer efficiency test special for rice, which is synergized with returning wheat straws, is developed in the southern polder village of the Lujiang county, Anhui province.
By combining the above embodiments, the rice special fertilizer which is manufactured in the first, second, fourth and fifth embodiments and has synergistic effect with returning wheat straws is selected, and the rice variety to be tested is Wanxiangyou Huazhan; the soil type tested was brown soil.
The fertilizer efficiency test is a field plot test, and the area of each plot is 60m2. The test adopts a single-factor completely random block design, the test factors are fertilizer types, namely local habitual fertilization (routine), rice special fertilizer No. 1 (example I), rice special fertilizer No. 2 (example II), rice special fertilizer No. 4 (example IV) and rice special fertilizer No. 5 (example V), and the total number of the treatments is 5, and each treatment is repeated for three times. The treatment is base fertilizer application, the fertilizing amount of the conventional treatment is 750Kg/HA, the fertilizing amount of the special fertilizer for rice is 600Kg/HA, and urea is additionally applied at the tillering stage by 150 Kg/HA.
Fertilization technology and farming management: crushing the wheat of the previous crop when harvesting, uniformly throwing the crushed wheat to return to the field, applying 3kg of straw decomposing agent per mu, and mixing the straw decomposing agent organic fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 1: 5, uniformly mixing and broadcasting, applying a straw decomposing agent for 3 days, then applying a base fertilizer, irrigating, rotary tillage and field soaking, transplanting by a machine, three leaves and one core of seedlings, dressing urea in a tillering stage, and uniformly managing pest control.
And (4) analyzing results:
the indexes such as spike number, grain number per spike, thousand grain weight, maturing rate and yield are considered in the rice harvesting process, and the average value of the measurement results of three cells is taken, and the results are shown in the table two:
table II Rice yields constitute results
The results in the table show that the effective spike number, the grain number, the setting rate, the thousand-grain weight and the yield of the special fertilizer for rice No. 1, 2, 4 and 5 are all higher than those of the conventional fertilizer. Compared with the conventional treatment, the special fertilizer for each rice has the advantages that the effective ear number is 0.76-3.04 ten thousand ears/mu, the ear grain number is 0-12, the seed setting rate is 1.26-2.5%, the thousand grain weight is 0.12-1.4 g, and the yield is 9.25-86.87 kg/mu.
Compared with the conventional fertilizer, the fertilizer special for rice, which is synergistic with returning-to-field wheat straws, can still improve the spike number, the grain number per spike, the thousand grain weight, the setting rate and the yield of the rice by reducing the fertilizing amount by 20%, and shows that the fertilizer special for rice, which is synergistic with returning-to-field wheat straws, and the application method thereof have good synergistic effect with returning-to-field wheat straws, improve the growth condition of the rice and the yield of the rice while reducing the fertilizer application, wherein the yields of the rice special for rice No. 1 and No. 4 are increased most, and are respectively increased by 11.93% and 12.5% compared with the yields of the conventional fertilizer rice, and the formula product is more suitable for rice planting after returning-to-field wheat straws in Yangtze county.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not restrictive. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications and equivalents may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The fertilizer special for rice and having synergistic effect with returning wheat straws is characterized in that the raw materials comprise a first raw material containing N and a first raw material containing P2O5Of a second raw material containing K2A third raw material of O, a fourth raw material containing Mn, a fifth raw material containing Zn, a sixth raw material containing B, compound amino acid, alginic acid, compound sodium nitrophenolate and sepiolite; every 100 parts by mass of the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws comprises the following components: n is 24-28 parts, P2O58 to 12 parts of K28 to 12 portions of O, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of Mn, 0.1 to 0.3 portion of Zn, 0.1 to 0.3 portion of B, 3 to 5 portions of amino acid, 0.3 to 0.6 portion of alginic acid, 0.2 to 0.5 portion of sodium nitrophenolate and 4.4 to 9.3 portions of sepiolite.
2. The fertilizer special for rice, which is synergistic with returning wheat straw to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first raw material is at least one of urea, ammonium chloride and diammonium phosphate, the second raw material is diammonium phosphate, the third raw material is potassium chloride, the fourth raw material is manganese chloride, the fifth raw material is zinc sulfate, and the sixth raw material is borax.
3. A method for preparing the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straw as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing the first raw material, the second raw material and the third raw material to obtain a first mixture;
s2, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing the fourth raw material, the fifth raw material and the sixth raw material to obtain a second mixture;
s3, chelating the compound amino acid, the alginic acid, the compound sodium nitrophenolate and the second mixture according to a proportion to obtain an amino acid chelated trace element solution;
s4, adding the sepiolite and the amino acid chelated trace element solution into the first mixture in batches, and mixing uniformly to obtain a prefabricated fertilizer;
and S5, granulating, drying, cooling and screening the prefabricated fertilizer to obtain the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straws.
4. The preparation method of claim 3, wherein in step S3, the amino acid, the alginic acid and the compound sodium nitrophenolate are sequentially dissolved in water in proportion, the temperature of the reaction kettle is kept at 70-85 ℃, the stirring speed is kept at 30-90 r/min, the dissolving time is kept at 20-30 min, the second mixture is added into the reaction kettle in portions, the dissolving time is kept at 15-25 min each time, and the second mixture is chelated for 30-45 min after being completely dissolved, so as to obtain the organic chelated trace element solution.
5. The use method of the rice special fertilizer synergistic with returning wheat straw as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1, crushing wheat straws and returning the crushed wheat straws to the field: after the wheat is ripe every year, crushing the wheat straws to form returning wheat straws, and throwing the returning wheat straws into the rice field;
a2, straw rotting agent application:
a3, fertilizer application: the fertilizer is applied twice, the special rice fertilizer synergistic with the returned wheat straws is applied as a base fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied as an additional fertilizer;
a4, turning over and irrigating: and after the base fertilizer is applied, irrigating the water to the surface of the paddy field by 5-10 cm, turning the paddy field, and soaking the paddy field for 3-5 days.
6. The use method of claim 5, wherein in the step A1, the crushing length of the wheat straws returned to the field is less than or equal to 10cm, the qualified rate of the cutting length is more than or equal to 90%, the uneven throwing rate is less than or equal to 20%, and the height of the wheat stubble is less than or equal to 10 cm.
7. The use method of claim 5, wherein the straw rotting agent which can keep high activity at 20-35 ℃, at a pH of 5.5-8.5 and under a flooding condition is selected and applied, 1-3 kg of the straw rotting agent is applied per mu, and the straw rotting agent is dissolved in water or uniformly mixed with an organic fertilizer according to a ratio of 1: 5 and then sprayed or scattered on the returning wheat straws.
8. The use method of claim 5, wherein the base fertilizer is applied 3-5 days after the application of the straw rotting agent, and the base fertilizer is applied at 30-60 kg per mu; the additional fertilizer is applied in the tillering stage of rice, and 10-20 kg of the additional fertilizer is applied per mu.
9. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that the depth of the layer of said rototilling soil is between 15cm and 20 cm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114788485A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-07-26 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Rice-algae symbiotic management method for promoting straw decomposition |
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| CN102612910A (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2012-08-01 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Method for fertilizing winter wheat by mixed basal application of nitrogen fertilizer and maize straw |
| CN104987206A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-10-21 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for ploughing down straw into field |
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