CN112500226A - Composition for red mud modification and preparation method of composition - Google Patents
Composition for red mud modification and preparation method of composition Download PDFInfo
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- CN112500226A CN112500226A CN202011488239.XA CN202011488239A CN112500226A CN 112500226 A CN112500226 A CN 112500226A CN 202011488239 A CN202011488239 A CN 202011488239A CN 112500226 A CN112500226 A CN 112500226A
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- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical group O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical group O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007440 Agaricus campestris Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000004570 Agaricus campestris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 8
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical group N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710088194 Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000020068 maotai Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000783 metal toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial waste residue modification, and discloses a red mud modification composition and a preparation method thereof. The composition contains acidic organic residue, gypsum and mushroom compost, and the composition contains 0.1-0.8 part by weight of gypsum and 0.25-4 parts by weight of mushroom compost based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residue. The red mud modified by the composition has better structural stability, and the volume weight of the red mud can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial waste residue modification, in particular to a composition for red mud modification and a preparation method of the composition.
Background
Red mud is insoluble waste residue obtained by extracting alumina from bauxite by using the bayer process. 1-25 tons of red mud are produced per 1 ton of alumina produced.
At present, two treatment methods of red mud are available: stacking, processing and recycling. Wherein, the main directions of recycling have three: preparing building materials, extracting valuable metal elements from the red mud, and applying the valuable metal elements to environmental control. The red mud is used as a raw material to prepare the building material, so that the preparation cost can be reduced, but salt can be separated out due to high salt content in the red mud, the 'blooming' phenomenon is generated, the aesthetic feeling of a building is not influenced, and the separated salt can generate adverse influence on the surrounding environment when being washed by rainwater and flowing into the surrounding soil or water along with the rainwater. Valuable metal elements are recovered from the red mud, the recovery rate of organic metals and the leaching rate are high, but due to the complex extraction process, the extraction of rare metals in the red mud is basically performed by using an acid leaching method, the acid leaching method is easy to corrode equipment, the consumption of acid is high, and the cost is high.
The red mud is stacked, and due to strong alkalinity, high salinity, lack of organic matters and nutrients required by various plants and high metal toxicity of the red mud, the red mud can affect the soil at the stacking position, and is not suitable for planting seedlings or sowing in the later period. The red mud modified by the existing red mud modifier has poor structural stability, and the volume weight of the modified red mud is still higher, so that the red mud is not beneficial to planting vegetation and sustainable ecological improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a composition for modifying red mud and a preparation method of the composition.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a composition for red mud modification, which contains an acidic organic residue, gypsum and a mushroom compost, the composition containing 0.1 to 0.8 parts by weight of gypsum and 0.25 to 4 parts by weight of the mushroom compost, based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residue.
Preferably, the composition contains 0.2 to 0.5 parts by weight of gypsum and 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of mushroom compost, based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residue.
Preferably, the acidic organic residue is selected from at least one of distillers grains, bagasse, vinegar residue, and furfural residue; the gypsum is phosphogypsum and/or desulfurized gypsum.
Preferably, the acidic organic residue is acidic organic residue particles, and the particle size of the acidic organic residue particles is less than or equal to 5 mm; the gypsum is gypsum particles, and the particle size of the gypsum particles is less than or equal to 5 mm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the mushroom compost comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the straws, the livestock and poultry manure and water to ensure that the water content is 40-50 wt%;
(2) uniformly mixing gypsum powder and the mixture obtained in the step (1) to obtain a base material;
(3) performing primary fermentation on the base material to obtain a primary fermentation product;
(4) performing secondary fermentation on the primary fermentation product to obtain the mushroom compost;
wherein the dry weight ratio of the straws to the livestock and poultry manure to the gypsum powder is 1:0.2-2: 0.2-2.
Further preferably, the straw is selected from at least one of corn stover, sorghum stover, and soybean stover; the livestock and poultry manure is at least one of cow manure, sheep manure, pig manure, chicken manure and duck manure;
the mode of mixing the straw, the livestock and poultry manure and the water is as follows: mixing the straw and the livestock and poultry manure, and spraying water.
Further preferably, in the step (3), the method for one-time fermentation comprises: and (3) fermenting the base material to raise the temperature to 70-80 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3-5 days.
Further preferably, in the step (4), the method for secondary fermentation comprises: and (3) fermenting the primary fermentation product, heating to 55-60 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8-12 hours, cooling to below 35 ℃, and then decomposing for 3-5 days.
Typically, the composition further comprises 0.01 to 0.05 parts by weight of alfalfa and 0.01 to 0.05 parts by weight of biochar, based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residue.
More preferably, the composition further comprises 0.02 to 0.04 parts by weight of alfalfa and 0.02 to 0.04 parts by weight of biochar, based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residue.
Further preferably, the alfalfa is alfalfa.
More preferably, the alfalfa is alfalfa powder, and the particle size of the alfalfa powder is less than or equal to 0.18 mm; the biochar is charcoal powder, and the particle size of the charcoal powder is less than or equal to 0.18 mm.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a composition for red mud modification, wherein the method comprises: uniformly mixing acidic organic residues, gypsum and mushroom compost, wherein the dosage of the gypsum is 0.1-0.8 part by weight and the dosage of the mushroom compost is 0.25-4 parts by weight based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residues.
Preferably, the preparation method further comprises: the method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing acidic organic residues, gypsum and mushroom compost with alfalfa and biochar, wherein the amount of the alfalfa is 0.01-0.05 part by weight and the amount of the biochar is 0.01-0.05 part by weight based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residues.
In the red mud modification process, the acidic organic residue, the gypsum and the mushroom compost are matched with each other, so that the structural stability of the red mud can be effectively improved, the volume weight of the red mud can be effectively reduced, and the planting of vegetation and sustainable ecological improvement are facilitated. In addition, the acidic organic residue, the gypsum and the mushroom compost are matched with each other, so that the microbial activity and the strain abundance in the red mud can be effectively improved, and the planting of vegetation is further facilitated.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
As described above, the first aspect of the present invention provides a composition for red mud modification, which contains an acidic organic residue, gypsum and a mushroom compost, the composition containing 0.1 to 0.8 parts by weight of gypsum and 0.25 to 4 parts by weight of the mushroom compost, based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residue.
The inventor of the invention discovers in the research process that the acidic organic residue, the gypsum and the mushroom compost are mixed with the red mud, and the acidic organic residue, the gypsum and the mushroom compost can be matched with each other, so that the alkalinity and the salt content of the red mud can be effectively reduced, the structural stability of the red mud can be effectively improved, the capacity of the red mud can be effectively reduced, and the red mud is beneficial to the planting of vegetation and sustainable ecological improvement; and the microbial activity and the strain abundance in the red mud can be effectively provided, and the planting of vegetation is further facilitated.
In order to further improve the structural stability of the red mud and increase the microbial activity and the strain abundance in the red mud, the composition preferably contains 0.2 to 0.5 part by weight of gypsum and 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of mushroom compost, based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residue.
In order to further improve the structural stability of the red mud and reduce the capacity of the red mud, preferably, the acidic organic residue is at least one selected from the group consisting of distillers grains, bagasse, vinegar residue and furfural residue; the gypsum is phosphogypsum and/or desulfurized gypsum; the moisture content of the mushroom compost is 65-75 wt%.
In order to further reduce the capacity of the red mud and improve the microbial activity and the strain abundance in the red mud, preferably, the acidic organic residues are acidic organic residue particles, and the particle size of the acidic organic residue particles is less than or equal to 5 mm; the gypsum is gypsum particles, and the particle size of the gypsum particles is less than or equal to 5 mm.
The mushroom compost can be obtained by commercial purchase or preparation. In order to further improve the structural stability of the red mud and increase the microbial activity and the strain abundance in the red mud, preferably, the preparation method of the mushroom compost comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the straws, the livestock and poultry manure and water to ensure that the water content is 40-50 wt%;
(2) uniformly mixing gypsum powder and the mixture obtained in the step (1) to obtain a base material;
(3) performing primary fermentation on the base material to obtain a primary fermentation product;
(4) performing secondary fermentation on the primary fermentation product to obtain the mushroom compost;
wherein the dry weight ratio of the straws to the livestock and poultry manure to the gypsum powder is 1:0.2-2: 0.2-2.
In order to further improve the structural stability of the red mud and improve the microbial activity and the strain abundance in the red mud, the dry weight ratio of the straw, the livestock and poultry manure and the gypsum powder is preferably 1:0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5.
In order to further improve the structural stability of the red mud and improve the microbial activity and the strain abundance in the red mud, the straw is preferably selected from at least one of corn straw, sorghum straw and soybean straw; the livestock and poultry manure is at least one of cow manure, sheep manure, pig manure, chicken manure and duck manure.
In order to further improve the structural stability of the red mud and improve the microbial activity and the strain abundance in the red mud, the preferable mode of mixing the straw, the livestock and poultry manure and the water is as follows: mixing the straw and the livestock and poultry manure, and spraying water.
In order to further improve the structural stability of the red mud and increase the microbial activity and the abundance of the bacteria in the red mud, preferably, the method for one-time fermentation comprises the following steps: and (3) fermenting the base material to raise the temperature to 70-80 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3-5 days.
In particular, the ventilation of the primary fermentation site is ensured. Preferably, the air circulation of the primary fermentation site is 15-20m3H is used as the reference value. Ensure the space of the primary fermentation fieldThe air circulation method can be that a fan is arranged on the primary fermentation field, and the air pressure of the fan is set to 2500-.
The time of primary fermentation is 10-15 days. The primary fermentation may be performed in a primary fermentation tunnel.
In order to further improve the structural stability of the red mud and improve the microbial activity and the strain abundance in the red mud, the method preferably further comprises cooling the product of the primary fermentation to below 40 ℃ and then performing secondary fermentation. The cooling mode can be natural cooling, and the fermentation product is turned for many times in the cooling process so as to improve the cooling rate.
In order to further improve the structural stability of the red mud and increase the microbial activity and the abundance of the bacteria in the red mud, preferably, in the step (4), the method for secondary fermentation comprises: and (3) fermenting the primary fermentation product, heating to 55-60 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8-12 hours, cooling to below 35 ℃, and then decomposing for 3-5 days.
The time of the secondary fermentation is 5-8 days. The secondary fermentation may be performed in a secondary fermentation tunnel. The cooling mode is natural cooling.
In order to further improve the structural stability of the red mud, reduce the volume weight of the red mud and improve the microbial activity and the strain abundance in the red mud, the composition preferably further comprises 0.01 to 0.05 weight part of alfalfa and 0.01 to 0.05 weight part of biochar based on 1 weight part of the acidic organic residue.
In order to further improve the structural stability of the red mud, reduce the volume weight of the red mud and improve the microbial activity and the strain abundance in the red mud, the composition preferably further comprises 0.02 to 0.04 weight part of alfalfa and 0.02 to 0.04 weight part of biochar based on 1 weight part of the acidic organic residue.
In order to further improve the structural stability of the red mud, reduce the volume weight of the red mud, and improve the microbial activity and the strain abundance in the red mud, preferably, the alfalfa is alfalfa.
In order to further improve the structural stability of the red mud, reduce the volume weight of the red mud and improve the microbial activity and the strain abundance in the red mud, preferably, the alfalfa is alfalfa powder, and the particle size of the alfalfa powder is less than or equal to 0.18 mm; the biochar is charcoal powder, and the particle size of the charcoal powder is less than or equal to 0.18 mm.
As described above, the second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a composition for red mud modification, the method comprising: mixing acidic organic residue, Gypsum Fibrosum and Agaricus campestris compost.
As a specific embodiment, the preparation method of the composition for red mud modification comprises the following steps: mixing acidic organic residue, gypsum and mushroom compost, wherein the dosage of the gypsum is 0.1-0.8 part by weight and the dosage of the mushroom compost is 0.25-4 parts by weight based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residue.
The kind and/or preparation method of the acidic organic residue, gypsum and mushroom compost according to the present invention have been described above and will not be described herein.
Preferably, the preparation method further comprises: mixing acidic organic residue, Gypsum Fibrosum and Agaricus campestris compost, herba Medicaginis and biochar uniformly.
As another specific embodiment, the preparation method of the composition for modifying red mud further comprises mixing acidic organic residues, gypsum and mushroom compost, alfalfa and biochar, wherein the amount of the alfalfa is 0.02-0.04 part by weight and the amount of the biochar is 0.02-0.04 part by weight based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residues. Wherein, the mode of mixing the alfalfa and the biochar can be that the alfalfa and the biochar are mixed at the same time or after the acidic organic residues, the gypsum and the mushroom compost are mixed.
The types and/or preparation methods of said alfalfa and biochar according to the present invention have been described above and will not be described in detail here.
According to the invention, the method for modifying the red mud by using the composition for modifying the red mud can be carried out by referring to a conventional mode in the field, wherein the composition for modifying the red mud is the composition provided by the invention. The specific modification method comprises the following steps: the composition for modifying the red mud is uniformly mixed with the red mud, and is kept stand and aged.
According to the invention, the mass ratio of the composition for red mud modification to the red mud may be 0.8-1.8: 1.
According to the invention, in order to ensure better red mud modification effect, the water content of the mixture of the composition for red mud modification and the red mud needs to be preferably ensured to be 65-75 wt% in the aging process. According to one embodiment of the invention, the watering may be carried out during the standing ageing. The watering mode can be properly selected according to actual practice, for example, watering 1-2 times at intervals of 2-5 days. The watering operation is carried out so that the water content of the mixture of the composition for red mud modification and red mud is 65-75 wt%, and the determination method of the water content can also refer to the conventional method in the field.
According to the invention, the aging conditions can be referred to the operating conditions customary in the art, for example a standing aging temperature of 15 to 40 ℃ and a standing aging time of 20 to 40 days.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
In the examples of the present invention, the measurement method of each physicochemical property is as follows:
the formula for calculating the structural stability index is:
wherein SOC is the organic carbon content (g/kg) of the sample; silt is the percentage of the powder particles in the sample; clay is the percentage of the Clay.
Wherein, the content of organic carbon is determined by a potassium dichromate volumetric method
The measuring method of the percentage of the powder particles and the percentage of the sticky particles comprises the following steps:
(1) about 0.5g of the dry sample was placed in a 100mL beaker and 10mL of 10% H by mass2O2(H2O2Volume to volume ratio of water1: 4);
(2) heating on an electric heating plate to remove organic matters in the sample, continuously washing the wall of the beaker by using a washing bottle in the heating process to fully react the organic matters and prevent the sample from overflowing the beaker along with foam, and properly adding 10 mass percent of H if the organic matters are more2O2Or pure H2O2Until the foam disappears;
(3) adding 10mL of HC1 with the mass percent of 10%, removing carbonate, heating to about 50 ℃, and making the liquid boiling to be still and react completely;
(4) 10ml of 1mo1/L sodium hexametaphosphate (dispersing agent) solution is added into a beaker, and the beaker is placed into an ultrasonic cleaner to vibrate for 10min, so that the measurement of the instrument can be carried out. When a sample is measured by a particle size analyzer, it is necessary to observe whether the sample contains large particles to prevent the instrument from being damaged. And obtaining the percentages of the red mud clay grains, the powder grains and the sand grains after the improvement according to the international soil size classification standard.
The test method for alkalinity (pH) was: weighing 5.00g of soil sample which is sieved by a 1mm sieve into a 50mL small beaker, adding 25mL of ultrapure water, placing the beaker into a 25 ℃ constant temperature oscillator to oscillate for 30min, placing the beaker into a centrifuge to centrifuge for 10min at the rotating speed of 3000r/min, and respectively measuring the pH value of the sample by using a pH meter. The volume weight is measured by adopting a volume weight ring method; measuring exchangeable cations of the red mud by adopting an ammonium acetate exchange method; catalase activity was determined by potassium permanganate titration; the dehydrogenase activity is determined by TTC reduction; the abundance of the strain is obtained by detecting the agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA; the water content is measured by a soil water content meter.
In the invention, the laser particle size analyzer is purchased from Malvern instruments Inc., and has the model number of Malvern Mastersizer 2000; the pH meter is purchased from Shanghai Lei magnetic instrument factories and has the model of PHS-3C; an inductively coupled plasma chromophoric spectrometer, available from nintendo thermo corporation, usa, with model number Icap 6000; the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer is purchased from Shanghai Tian scientific instruments, Inc., and has the model of UV 110; the soil moisture content tester is purchased from Topyu agriculture technology GmbH, Zhejiang, and has the model of TZS-2X-G.
Acidic organic residue: the vinasse (hereinafter referred to as acid organic residue-1) is purchased from a white spirit brewage fermented by sorghum in Maotai town of Guizhou, wherein the total carbon content is 365.13g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 21.36g/kg, and the total phosphorus content is 3.30 g/kg; bagasse (hereinafter referred to as acidic organic residue-2) purchased from Puyang furfural corporation of Henan, wherein the total carbon content is 358.37g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 23.22g/kg, and the total phosphorus content is 3.24 g/kg; furfural residue (hereinafter referred to as acidic organic residue-3) was purchased from Henan Puyang Furfural, and had an overall carbon content of 338.49g/kg, an overall nitrogen content of 21.45g/kg, and an overall phosphorus content of 3.54 g/kg.
Gypsum: phosphogypsum (hereinafter referred to as gypsum-1) is purchased from Guiyang iron and steel works; desulfurized gypsum (hereinafter referred to as gypsum-2) was purchased from Baoqia building materials, Inc., tin-free.
Alfalfa: alfalfa (hereinafter alfalfa-1) was purchased from clauvo grass; southern alfalfa (hereinafter alfalfa-2) was purchased from clauwa grass.
Biochar was purchased from institute of ecological environment and soil in Guangdong province.
Corn stalks, sorghum stalks, soybean stalks, cow dung, sheep dung and chicken dung are all obtained by commercial purchase.
Reagents or agents for each test were purchased from national drug group.
And (3) mushroom composting:
preparation example 1
(1) Uniformly mixing 5kg of corn straws, 2kg of cow dung and 3kg of sheep dung, then spraying 8kg of water into the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) uniformly mixing 5kg of gypsum-1 with the mixture obtained in the step (1) to obtain a base material;
(3) starting a fan to enable the air pressure of the primary fermentation tunnel to be 2800Pa, placing the base material obtained in the step (2) into a primary fermentation channel for fermentation, keeping the temperature of the base material to be lower than 80 ℃ in the process for 3 days when the temperature of the base material is raised to be higher than 70 ℃, and then turning over the primary fermentation product to enable the temperature of the primary fermentation product to be reduced to be lower than 40 ℃;
(4) and (3) transferring the primary fermentation product to a secondary fermentation tunnel for fermentation, keeping the temperature for 10 hours when the temperature is raised to be more than 55 ℃, keeping the temperature of the primary fermentation product to be lower than 60 ℃ in the process, cooling to be below 35 ℃, and then decomposing for 3 days to obtain the mushroom compost-1.
Preparation example 2
(1) Uniformly mixing 5kg of corn straws, 1kg of chicken manure and 1.5kg of sheep manure, then spraying 5kg of water into the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) uniformly mixing 2.5kg of gypsum-2 with the mixture obtained in the step (1) to obtain a base material;
(3) starting a fan to enable the air pressure of the primary fermentation tunnel to be 2500Pa, placing the base material obtained in the step (2) in a primary fermentation channel for fermentation, keeping the temperature of the base material to be lower than 80 ℃ in the process for 3 days when the temperature of the base material is raised to be higher than 70 ℃, and then turning over the primary fermentation product to enable the temperature of the primary fermentation product to be reduced to be lower than 40 ℃;
(4) and (3) transferring the primary fermentation product to a secondary fermentation tunnel for fermentation, keeping the temperature for 8 hours when the temperature is raised to be more than 55 ℃, keeping the temperature of the primary fermentation product to be lower than 60 ℃ in the process, cooling to be below 35 ℃, and then decomposing for 5 days to obtain the mushroom compost-2.
Preparation example 3
(1) Uniformly mixing 2kg of sorghum straws, 3kg of soybean straws and 10kg of cow dung, then spraying 15kg of water into the mixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) uniformly mixing 10kg of gypsum-1 with the mixture obtained in the step (1) to obtain a base material;
(3) starting a fan to enable the air pressure of the primary fermentation tunnel to be 3000Pa, placing the base material obtained in the step (2) in a primary fermentation channel for fermentation, keeping the temperature for 5 days when the temperature is raised to be more than 70 ℃, keeping the temperature of the base material to be lower than 80 ℃ in the process, and turning over a primary fermentation product to enable the temperature to be reduced to be lower than 40 ℃;
(4) transferring the primary fermentation product to a secondary fermentation tunnel for fermentation, keeping for 12h when the temperature is raised to above 55 ℃, cooling to below 35 ℃, and decomposing for 4 days to obtain the mushroom compost-3.
Unless otherwise specified, the following represents 500g per part by weight.
Example 1
(1) Crushing alfalfa-1, and screening with a 80-mesh screen to obtain alfalfa powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 180 micrometers;
crushing the biochar, and screening the crushed biochar by using a 80-mesh screen to obtain charcoal powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 180 micrometers;
crushing the acidic organic residue-1, and screening by using a 4-mesh screen to obtain acidic organic residue particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 4.75 millimeters;
crushing the gypsum-1, and screening by using a 4-mesh screen to obtain gypsum particles with the particle size of less than or equal to 4.75 millimeters;
(2) mixing 10 parts by weight of acidic organic residue particles, 3.5 parts by weight of gypsum particles, 12 parts by weight of mushroom compost-1, 0.3 part by weight of alfalfa powder and 0.3 part by weight of charcoal powder to prepare a red mud modifier;
examples 2 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2
Examples 2 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were carried out by the same procedure as in example 1 except for the differences shown in tables 1, 2 and 3, unless otherwise specified.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
| Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | |
| Alfalfa | |||
| Species of | Alfalfa-1 | Alfalfa-2 | - |
| Amount per part by weight | 0.1 | 0.5 | - |
| Biochar | |||
| Species of | Biochar | Biochar | - |
| Amount per part by weight | 0.5 | 0.1 | - |
| Acidic organic residue | |||
| Species of | Acidic organic residue-2 | Acidic organic residue-3 | Acidic organic residue-2 |
| Amount per part by weight | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Gypsum plaster | |||
| Species of | Gypsum-1 | Gypsum-2 | Gypsum-1 |
| Amount per part by weight | 1 | 8 | 1 |
| Mushroom compost | |||
| Species of | MushroomCompost-1 | Mushroom compost-3 | Mushroom compost-1 |
| Amount per part by weight | 2.5 | 40 | 2.5 |
TABLE 3
| Example 4 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Alfalfa | |||
| Species of | Alfalfa-1 | Alfalfa-1 | - |
| Amount per part by weight | 0.1 | 0.1 | - |
| Biochar | |||
| Species of | Biochar | Biochar | - |
| Amount per part by weight | 0.5 | 0.5 | - |
| Acidic organic residue | |||
| Species of | Acidic organic residue-2 | Acidic organic residue-2 | Acidic organic residue-2 |
| Amount per part by weight | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Gypsum plaster | |||
| Species of | Gypsum-1 | Gypsum-1 | Gypsum-1 |
| Amount per part by weight | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mushroom compost | |||
| Species of | Mushroom compost-1 | - | - |
| Amount per part by weight | 2.5 | - | - |
Test example
The red mud modifier prepared in the above examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2 was uniformly mixed with red mud at a mass ratio of 1.2:1 to obtain a mixture, and water was sprinkled to the mixture so that the water content thereof was 70% by weight, 1 time every 2 days, and the mixture was left to stand and age at 25 ℃ for 30 days. The physical and chemical properties of the modified red mud were measured to obtain tables 4, 5 and 6.
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
It can be seen from tables 3 to 6 that the acidic organic residue, the gypsum and the mushroom compost in the protection range of the invention can be mutually matched through specific dosage proportion relationship, thereby effectively improving the structural stability of the red mud, reducing the volume weight of the red mud, and being beneficial to the planting of vegetation and sustainable ecological improvement. Meanwhile, the bacterial quantity abundance and the microbial activity in the red mud can be improved, the alkalinity and the salt content of the red mud are improved, and the red mud is further suitable for planting vegetation and sustainable ecological improvement.
It can be seen from table 1, table 2 and tables 4 to 6 that alfalfa and biochar can further improve the structural stability of red mud, reduce the volume weight of red mud, improve the abundance of bacteria number and microbial activity in red mud, improve the alkalinity and salt content of red mud, and are more beneficial to the planting of preparation and sustainable ecological improvement.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The composition for modifying the red mud is characterized by comprising acid organic residues, gypsum and mushroom compost, wherein the composition comprises 0.1-0.8 part by weight of gypsum and 0.25-4 parts by weight of mushroom compost by taking 1 part by weight of the acid organic residues as a unit.
2. The composition for red mud modification according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 0.2-0.5 parts by weight of gypsum and 0.5-2 parts by weight of mushroom compost, based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residue.
3. The composition for red mud modification according to claim 1, wherein the acidic organic residue is selected from at least one of distillers grains, bagasse, vinegar residue, and furfural residue;
the gypsum is phosphogypsum and/or desulfurized gypsum;
preferably, the acidic organic residue is acidic organic residue particles, and the particle size of the acidic organic residue particles is less than or equal to 5 mm;
the gypsum is gypsum particles, and the particle size of the gypsum particles is less than or equal to 5 mm.
4. The composition for red mud modification according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the mushroom compost comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the straws, the livestock and poultry manure and water to ensure that the water content is 40-50 wt%;
(2) uniformly mixing gypsum powder and the mixture obtained in the step (1) to obtain a base material;
(3) performing primary fermentation on the base material to obtain a primary fermentation product;
(4) performing secondary fermentation on the primary fermentation product to obtain the mushroom compost;
wherein the dry weight ratio of the straws to the livestock and poultry manure to the gypsum powder is 1:0.2-2: 0.2-2.
5. The composition for red mud modification according to claim 4, wherein the straw is selected from at least one of corn stover, sorghum stover, and soybean stover;
the livestock and poultry manure is at least one of cow manure, sheep manure, pig manure, chicken manure and duck manure;
the mode of mixing the straw, the livestock and poultry manure and the water is as follows: mixing the straw and the livestock and poultry manure, and spraying water.
6. The composition for red mud modification according to claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the method of one-time fermentation comprises: fermenting the base material to 70-80 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3-5 days;
in the step (4), the method for secondary fermentation comprises the following steps: and (3) fermenting the primary fermentation product, heating to 55-60 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8-12 hours, cooling to below 35 ℃, and then decomposing for 3-5 days.
7. The composition for red mud modification according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composition further comprises 0.01 to 0.05 parts by weight of alfalfa and 0.01 to 0.05 parts by weight of biochar, based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residue.
8. The composition for red mud modification according to claim 7, wherein the composition further comprises 0.02-0.04 parts by weight of alfalfa and 0.02-0.04 parts by weight of biochar, based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residue.
9. The composition for red mud modification according to claim 7, wherein said alfalfa is alfalfa;
preferably, the alfalfa is alfalfa powder, and the particle size of the alfalfa powder is less than or equal to 0.18 mm;
the biochar is charcoal powder, and the particle size of the charcoal powder is less than or equal to 0.18 mm.
10. A preparation method of a composition for red mud modification is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing acidic organic residue, Gypsum Fibrosum and Agaricus campestris compost uniformly,
the using amount of the gypsum is 0.1-0.8 part by weight and the using amount of the mushroom compost is 0.25-4 parts by weight based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residue;
preferably, the preparation method further comprises: mixing acidic organic residue, Gypsum Fibrosum and Agaricus campestris compost, herba Medicaginis and biochar uniformly,
the dosage of the alfalfa is 0.01-0.05 part by weight and the dosage of the biochar is 0.01-0.05 part by weight based on 1 part by weight of the acidic organic residue.
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