CN112499675A - 一种高性能锂电池电负极材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高性能锂电池电负极材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052961 molybdenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=S YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Natural products CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- C01G23/053—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
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Abstract
本发明属于锂电池制造技术领域,具体涉及一种高性能锂电池电负极材料的制备方法,要点在于:根据MoS2本身形态大小,选择具备微米尺寸的球形TiO2作为负载模板,确保两者在尺寸上的互配,以钼酸钠作为钼源,硫代乙酰胺作为硫源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为活化剂,用水热合成的实验方法将片状MoS2成功负载到TiO2表面,制备得到具有核壳结构的TiO2/MoS2复合材料。存在协同效应,电性能更加优异,具备较高的容量、良好的循环稳定性和倍率性能等,金属成分含量高,替代原有电池中的碳材料,不易燃,极大提高了锂离子电池的安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于锂电池制造技术领域,具体涉及一种高性能锂电池电负极材料的制备方法。
背景技术
随着传统能源的消耗加快和开采成本上升,新能源的发展越来越受到各国政府的重视。锂离子电池作为商业化最为成功的新能源产业,已备受各方资本追捧,其中石墨因其自身便宜、无毒,原料来源丰富等特点,已成为锂离子电池应用最广泛的负极材料。
然而,作为已被广泛应用的负极材料,石墨表现了相对较低的理论储锂容量(372mAh/g),难以满足未来人们对长续航的需求,而与石墨相比,2D过渡金属硫化物MoS2基于其独特的物理和化学性质,如相对较高的能量密度,较长的寿命周期和设计灵活性,已被认为是用于锂离子电池很有前景的负极材料。除此之外,MoS2拥有类似于石墨的层状结构,其中钼原子夹在两层硫原子之间,这在层状家族中是一种十分常见的结构之一,具有非常好的稳定性,MoS2同时具有较高的理论容量,高达670mA/g,其层状结构的特点是易于锂离子快速嵌入-嵌出。但是单纯的MoS2材料依然表现出较差的稳定性、容量衰减快、倍率性差等缺点,这严重阻碍了其在锂离子电池中的应用。
为了能够提高MoS2在充放电过程中的电化学性能,最为普遍的做法便是给MoS2提供一个载体供其负载,避免MoS2结构坍塌和团聚。TiO2因其在锂化和脱锂的过程中体积变化小于4%,被认为是最佳的载体材料,能够缓冲复合材料因体积收缩膨胀而导致的结构变形,维持材料的整体性能平稳。球形TiO2在结构上更具稳定性,且TiO2微球本身即具备较大的比表面积和优异的电化学性能,对改性MoS2来说是一类非常合适的载体。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种简单、易操作且环保高效的高性能锂电池电负极材料的制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种高性能锂电池电负极材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.在乙醇和乙腈的混合溶剂体系中,并于迅速搅拌下瞬间注入钛酸正丁酯,保持搅拌,用乙醇离心洗涤制备得到TiO2微球,并保存留用;
S2.取出S1的TiO2微球于聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,加水搅拌,再加入CTAB,继续保持搅拌,直至CTAB完全溶解;
S3.称取钼酸钠和硫代乙酰胺加入S2的混合液中,继续保持搅拌15~20min,至加入的钼酸钠和硫代乙酰胺溶解;
S4.将反应釜加盖拧紧,放入鼓风干燥箱中,在140~180℃保温3~5h,自然冷却至室温,制得中间物,将中间物用乙醇进行离心清洗并冷冻干燥;
S5.将S4干燥后的反应物A置于管式炉中,以1~2℃/min升温至800~1000℃并保温2~3h,之后再以1~2℃/min降温至室温,整个过程通入氩气保护,制得复合材料TiO2/MoS2。
优选地,步骤S1,乙醇和乙腈按体积比1~3:1组成所述的混合溶剂体系,其中乙腈的用量范围在30~50mL。
更优选地,步骤S1,钛酸正丁酯的用量范围在3~5mg。
更优选地,步骤S1,保持搅拌2~4h。
优选地,步骤S2,加水搅拌45min~1.2h,继续保持搅拌8~12min。
更优选地,步骤S2,所用水为去离子水,去离子水的用量范围在30~40g,所用CTAB为分析纯,CTAB用量范围在0.1~0.15g。
优选地,步骤S3,所用钼酸钠和硫代乙酰胺均为分析纯,其中钼酸钠用量范围在1.8~2.5g,硫代乙酰胺用量范围在2.8~4.1g。
优选地,步骤S5,通入的氩气中含有2%H2。
优选地,还包括步骤S6.将S5制备的复合材料TiO2/MoS2与SP和PVDF以8:1:1混合制成浆料,涂覆于12um铜箔上,并与金属锂片组成扣式半电池,电解液的成分为体积比EC:EMC=1:1的混合液,锂盐LiPF6浓度为1mol/L,测试扣电相关电性能。
本发明考虑到MoS2本身形态大小,选择具备微米尺寸的球形TiO2作为负载模板,确保两者在尺寸上的互配,以钼酸钠作为钼源,硫代乙酰胺作为硫源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为活化剂,采用水热合成的实验方法将片状MoS2成功负载到TiO2表面,制备得到具有核壳结构的TiO2负载MoS2(TiO2/MoS2)的复合材料,该复合材料表现出了优异的锂电性能。
本发明的制备方法简单易操作,所用设备均为实验室常用设备;所需原料如钛酸正丁酯、钼酸钠、硫代乙酰胺等成本低廉,来源广泛,无安全隐患;制备的TiO2/MoS2复合材料,存在协同效应,因而电性能更加优异,如具备较高的容量、良好的循环稳定性及倍率性能等,拥有广阔的应用前景;并且制备的TiO2/MoS2复合材料,金属成分含量高,替代原有电池中的碳材料,不易燃,极大的提高了锂离子电池的安全性。
附图说明
图1TiO2微米球SEM图;
图2复合材料TiO2/MoS2 SEM图;
图3复合材料TiO2/MoS2 TEM图;
图4无载体MoS2纳米片SEM图;
图5纯MoS2纳米片和TiO2/MoS2复合材料的热重分析曲线,空气氛围升温速度10℃/min;
图6复合材料TiO2/MoS2的XPS谱图:(a)全谱,(b)Ti 2p,(c)Mo 3d,(d)S 2p;
图7(a)复合材料TiO2/MoS2前三圈循环伏安,扫速0.1mV/s,电压0.01-3.0V,(b)TiO2/MoS2前三圈充放电,电流密度0.1A/g,电压0.01-3.0V,(c)TiO2/MoS2和MoS2的倍率性能对比,(d)TiO2/MoS2、MoS2和TiO2循环稳定测试,电流密度0.1A/g。
图8(a)TiO2/MoS2复合材料和纯MoS2的交流阻抗图,偏伏5.0mV,频率0.01Hz-100kHz,插图为等效电路图(b)组装的扣式电池点亮二极管。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例做详细说明。
实施例1
一种高性能锂电池电负极材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.在乙醇80mL和乙腈40mL组成的混合溶剂体系中,并于迅速搅拌下瞬间注入4mg钛酸正丁酯,保持搅拌3h,用乙醇离心洗涤制备得到TiO2微球,并保存留用;
S2.取出S1的TiO2微球于聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,加去离子水35g搅拌1h,再加入分析纯级CTAB 0.12g,继续保持搅拌10min,直至CTAB完全溶解;
S3.称取分析纯级钼酸钠2.2g和分析纯级硫代乙酰胺3.5g加入S2的混合液中,继续保持搅拌15~20min,至加入的钼酸钠和硫代乙酰胺溶解;
S4.将反应釜加盖拧紧,放入鼓风干燥箱中,在140~180℃保温3~5h,自然冷却至室温,制得中间物,将中间物用乙醇进行离心清洗并冷冻干燥;
S5.将S4干燥后的反应物A置于管式炉中,以1~2℃/min升温至800~1000℃并保温2~3h,之后再以1~2℃/min降温至室温,整个过程通入的氩气(含2%H2)保护,制得复合材料TiO2/MoS2,SEM图如图2所示,TEM图如图3所示,XPS谱图如图6所示。
对比例1
纯纳米片MoS2的制备:在聚四氟乙烯反应釜中加入分析纯级钼酸钠2.2g和分析纯级硫代乙酰胺3.5g,再加入去离子水3.5g,搅拌溶解,加盖拧紧,再放入鼓风干燥箱中,在160℃温度下保温4h,自然冷却至室温,将反应物用乙醇进行清洗并冷冻干燥,得到产物纯MoS2纳米片。
测试例1
将实施例1制备的复合材料TiO2/MoS2与SP和PVDF按照8:1:1混合制成浆料,涂覆于12um铜箔上,并与金属锂片组成扣式半电池,电解液成分体积比EC:EMC=1:1的混合液,锂盐LiPF6浓度为1mol/L,测试扣电相关电性能。
测试例2
将对比例1制备的纯MoS2纳米片与SP和PVDF按照8:1:1混合制成浆料,涂覆于12um铜箔上,并与金属锂片组成扣式半电池,电解液成分体积比EC:EMC=1:1的混合液,锂盐LiPF6浓度为1mol/L,测试扣电相关电性能。
测试例3
将实施例1步骤S1制备的TiO2微球与SP和PVDF按照8:1:1混合制成浆料,涂覆于12um铜箔上,并与金属锂片组成扣式半电池,电解液成分为体积比EC:EMC=1:1的混合液,锂盐LiPF6浓度为1mol/L,测试扣电相关电性能。
TiO2微米球SEM图的如图1所示,无载体MoS2纳米片SEM图如图4所示,以上扣电相关电性能的对比结果如图5-8所示。
本发明的制备方法简单易操作,成本低廉,来源广泛,无安全隐患;制备的TiO2/MoS2复合材料,存在协同效应,因而电性能更加优异,如具备较高的容量、良好的循环稳定性及倍率性能等,拥有广阔的应用前景;并且制备的TiO2/MoS2复合材料,金属成分含量高,替代原有电池中的碳材料,不易燃,极大的提高了锂离子电池的安全性。此外,在本发明基础上,载体除用微米球TiO2外,同样可用其它类型的材料作为载体,如TiO2纳米线、TiO2纳米管、TiO2纳米棒等,合成方法不变,均能制得相关核壳结构的复合材料,以提升MoS2的电化学性能
上述实施例仅是本发明的较优实施方式,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修饰、修改及替代变化,均属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种高性能锂电池电负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1.在乙醇和乙腈的混合溶剂体系中,并于迅速搅拌下瞬间注入钛酸正丁酯,保持搅拌,用乙醇离心洗涤制备得到TiO2微球,并保存留用;
S2.取出S1的TiO2微球于聚四氟乙烯反应釜中,加水搅拌,再加入CTAB,继续保持搅拌,直至CTAB完全溶解;
S3.称取钼酸钠和硫代乙酰胺加入S2的混合液中,继续保持搅拌15~20min,至加入的钼酸钠和硫代乙酰胺溶解;
S4.将反应釜加盖拧紧,放入鼓风干燥箱中,在140~180℃保温3~5h,自然冷却至室温,制得中间物,将中间物用乙醇进行离心清洗并冷冻干燥;
S5.将S4干燥后的反应物A置于管式炉中,以1~2℃/min升温至800~1000℃并保温2~3h,之后再以1~2℃/min降温至室温,整个过程通入氩气保护,制得复合材料TiO2/MoS2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能锂电池电负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1,乙醇和乙腈按体积比1~3:1组成所述混合溶剂体系,其中乙腈的用量范围在30~50mL。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高性能锂电池电负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1,钛酸正丁酯的用量范围在3~5mg。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种高性能锂电池电负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1,保持搅拌2~4h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能锂电池电负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2,加水搅拌45min~1.2h,继续保持搅拌8~12min。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种高性能锂电池电负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2,所用水为去离子水,去离子水的用量范围在30~40g,所用CTAB为分析纯,CTAB用量范围在0.1~0.15g。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能锂电池电负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3,所用钼酸钠和硫代乙酰胺均为分析纯,其中钼酸钠用量范围在1.8~2.5g,硫代乙酰胺用量范围在2.8~4.1g。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能锂电池电负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S5,通入的氩气中含有2%H2。
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