CN112492898A - High-firmness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine tool and method - Google Patents
High-firmness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine tool and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112492898A CN112492898A CN202011471376.2A CN202011471376A CN112492898A CN 112492898 A CN112492898 A CN 112492898A CN 202011471376 A CN202011471376 A CN 202011471376A CN 112492898 A CN112492898 A CN 112492898A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002364 soil amendment Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016164 Elymus triticoides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000511731 Leymus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000511730 Leymus chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-firmness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine tool and a method. The machine comprises a frame, land wheels, a fertilizer box, an outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharging device, a fertilizer discharging shaft, a subsoiler and a press wheel; a plurality of subsoilers spaced at a certain distance are fixed on the front beam in a height-adjustable manner; the subsoiler comprises a blade part and a handle part; the soil facing end surface of the shovel blade part is provided with a cutting edge, and the cutting edge is sequentially divided into a first linear blade, an arc blade and a second linear blade from the shovel tip to the joint of the shovel blade part and the shovel handle part; the cutting edge is of a secondary cutting edge structure and is provided with a primary cutting edge face and a secondary cutting edge face, and a pair of horizontal side wings are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of the shovel edge part at the rear end of the shovel tip. The invention realizes the loosening fertilization improvement operation of the high-firmness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer in a low-disturbance mode, breaks the hardened soil-root system composite soil layer structure formed by the high-firmness grassland under the condition of not turning over the soil layer, forms a soil environment with stronger ventilation and water permeability, and simultaneously supplements the fertility required by the growth of the pasture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of grassland improvement, and particularly relates to a machine tool and a method for improving a high-firmness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer.
Background
The root-stem or rhizome sparse grass represented by the Chinese wildrye and the perennial leguminous forage represented by the alfalfa are grown for many years, the grassland has the characteristics of high soil compactness, soil hardening and large soil volume weight, roots and stems of the forage in soil layers with different depths are mutually interwoven and anchored with the soil to form a soil-root system composite soil layer structure, so that the grassland is not favorable for ventilation and water permeation, and the development and growth of the forage are influenced. The mode of adopting mechanized loose soil layer is one of the effective modes of solving above-mentioned problem, but traditional subsoiler machines and parts are mostly used for the farmland operation, and is big to the soil disturbance during the operation, easily causes soil to turn over the upturned soil and wind erosion water erosion problem, and to the vegetation destruction degree great, be not suitable for the operation on meadow.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a machine and a method for improving a grassland soil-root system composite soil layer with high firmness, which loosen the grassland soil-root system composite soil layer with high firmness in a low disturbance manner by mechanical means, increase the air and water permeability of the grassland, and provide nutrient components required by the growth of the grass root system, thereby improving the hardened state of the grassland composite soil layer with high volume weight and high firmness, optimizing the soil environment for the growth of the grassland, and increasing the yield of the grassland.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a high-firmness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine comprises a frame 1, ground wheels 14, a fertilizer box 8, an outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharging device 9, a fertilizer discharging shaft 10, a subsoiler 16 and a press wheel 20.
The frame 1 comprises a front cross beam 3, a longitudinal beam 6, a middle cross beam 32, a rear cross beam 13 and a fertilizer box fixing plate 7; the front cross beam 3, the middle cross beam 32 and the rear cross beam 13 are fixedly connected in sequence from front to back by the two longitudinal beams 6; the two fertilizer box fixing plates 7 are fixedly connected to the two longitudinal beams 6 respectively; the fertilizer box 8 is fixed on the upper parts of the two fertilizer box fixing plates 7, and the bottom of the fertilizer box 8 is provided with a fertilizer unloading opening 23 and a plurality of fertilizer outlets; a plurality of outer sheave fertilizer discharging devices 9 are correspondingly arranged below the fertilizer outlets of the fertilizer box 8 one by one, a fertilizer discharging shaft 10 passes through each outer sheave fertilizer discharging device 9 and is arranged on the fertilizer box fixing plate 7, and the other end of the fertilizer discharging shaft 10 is provided with a driven chain wheel 11.
Two land wheels 14 are provided at the left and right ends of the front cross member 3, respectively. A driving sprocket 19 is arranged on a land wheel shaft 15 of the land wheel 14 on the same side as the driven sprocket 11, and the driving sprocket 19 is connected with the driven sprocket 11 through a chain 12.
A plurality of subsoilers 16 spaced apart at a distance are fixed to the front cross member 3 in a height-adjustable manner; the subsoiler 16 includes a blade portion 26 and a shank portion 31.
The tip of shovel blade portion 26 is shovel point 261, and the face of meeting soil of shovel blade portion 26 is opened has blade 28, blade 28 divide into first straight line sword 283, pitch arc sword 284 and second straight line sword 285 in proper order from shovel point 261 to shovel blade portion 26 and the shovel handle portion 31 junction.
The cutting edge 28 is of a secondary cutting edge structure and is provided with a primary cutting edge surface 281 and a secondary cutting edge surface 282, and the cutting edge angle alpha of the primary cutting edge surface 281 is 10-30 degrees; the edge angle beta of the secondary facet 282 is 40-60 deg..
A pair of horizontal side wings 25 are fixed to both left and right sides of the cutting edge 26 at the rear end of the cutting edge 261.
The rear end of the shovel blade part 26 is provided with a fertilizer guide channel 29, and the upper port of the fertilizer guide channel 29 is communicated with the fertilizer outlet of the outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharging device 9 through a fertilizer guide pipe 18; the lower port of the fertilizer guide channel 29 is provided with a fertilizer dispersing device 30, and the fertilizer dispersing device 30 is a sphere, so that the organic granular fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer guide channel 29 collides with the fertilizer dispersing device 30 and then randomly scatters and distributes.
A press wheel 20 is correspondingly arranged behind each subsoiler 16, the press wheel 20 is mounted at the bottom end of a support 21, the middle part of the support 21 is hinged on a middle cross beam 32, and the top end of the support 21 is connected with a rear cross beam 13 through a tension spring 22.
One end of the fertilizer discharging shaft 10 is provided with an adjusting wheel 17, and the fertilizer discharging shaft 10 moves along the axial direction by rotating the adjusting wheel 17, so that the grooved wheel of the outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharging device 9 is driven to move, and the effective fertilizer discharging width of the outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharging device 9 is further changed.
The shovel stalk portion 31 is equipped with a plurality of through-holes along vertical direction equidistance, passes the not through-hole of co-altitude through the bolt and adjusts subsoiler 16's the degree of depth of penetrating into earth.
The land wheel shaft 15 of the land wheel 14 is arranged on the land wheel frame 2, and the land wheel frame 2 is fixedly connected on the front cross beam 3; the surface of the land wheel 14 close to the inner side of the wheel body is provided with a plurality of projections at equal intervals.
The soil penetration angle of the shovel tip 261 is 15-23 degrees; the length of the shovel tip 261 is 70mm to 100 mm; the shovel tip opening angle gamma of the shovel tip 261 is 30-60 degrees; the soil entry angle of the first straight edge 283 is 45-60 degrees, and the length of the first straight edge 283 is 130-165 mm; the soil entry angle of the second straight blade 285 is 90 degrees; the arc radius r of the arc blade 284 is 257-320 mm, and the central angle corresponding to the arc length is 58 degrees.
Preferably, the edge angle α of the primary facet 281 is 14 °; the edge angle β of the secondary facet 282 is 45 °.
The flanks 25 are triangular.
In the horizontal direction, the lower port of the fertilizer guide channel 29 is located below the side wing 25.
A method for improving the soil-root composite soil layer of the high-firmness grassland by using the machine comprises the following steps:
s1, the subsoiler 16 moves in a single direction in the grassland soil-root system composite soil layer, the operation depth is 25-50 cm, the soil-root system composite soil layer structure is cut through the cutting edge 28 of the secondary cutting edge structure, meanwhile, the horizontal side wing 25 achieves micro-arching and rapid falling of the surrounding soil layer, a furrow is formed on the ground surface after the subsoiler 16 operates, the width of the furrow is 10-20 mm, zero furrow opening or low furrow opening of soil blocks is achieved in the operation process, and loosening of the grassland soil-root system composite soil layer and low disturbance operation of the ground surface are achieved;
s2, fertilizing operation is realized while loosening the soil-root system composite soil layer, organic granular fertilizer is scattered into the soil layer through the fertilizer guide channel 29 of the subsoiler 16 before the micro-arched soil layer falls back, so that the fertility of the soil layer is increased, and the growth environment of the root system of the pasture is improved;
s3, after the loosening and fertilizing processes are completed, the grassland surface is pressed, and the surface leveling and the gap springback closing are achieved.
In step S2, the organic granulated fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer guide channel 29 is scattered and distributed randomly after colliding with the fertilizer scattering device 30 by the fertilizer scattering device 30 provided at the lower port of the fertilizer guide channel 29.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention realizes loosening fertilization improvement operation of the high-firmness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer in a low-disturbance mode, breaks the soil-root system composite soil layer structure formed by the hardened soil layer without turning over the soil layer, forms a soil environment with strong ventilation and water permeability, supplements the fertility required by the growth of the pasture and promotes the rejuvenation and propagation of the pasture, thereby improving the yield of the pasture and causing little damage to grassland vegetation in the operation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a high solidity grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of the soil-root composite soil layer improving machine for high solidity grasslands according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the high solidity grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of subsoiler 16;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of subsoiler 16;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of cutting edge 28 of subsoiler 16;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the fertilizer spreading device 30 of the subsoiler 16;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the connection of the side wings 25 of the subsoiler 16;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the construction of the point 161 of subsoiler 16;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the operation of the high solidity grassland soil-root system composite soil conditioner of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the operation of the subsoiler.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
1 frame 2 ground wheel carrier
3 front beam 4 'U' shaped bolt
5 fixing plate 6 longitudinal beam
7 fertile case fixed plate 8 fertile cases
9 outer sheave fertilizer discharging device 10 fertilizer discharging shafts
11 driven sprocket and 12 chain
13 rear cross beam 14 land wheel
15 land axle 16 subsoiler
17 regulating wheel 18 fertilizer guiding pipe
19 driving chain wheel 20 press wheel
21 bracket 22 tensioning spring
23 unload fertile mouthful 24 three-point linkage
25 flank 26 shovel edge part
261 shovel 27 screw pin
28 cutting edge 281 primary edge face
282 Secondary land 283 first straight edge
284 curved edge 285 second straight edge
29 lead fertile passageway 30 bulk fertilizer device
31 shovel handle 32 middle cross beam
Opening angle of gamma shovel tip
radius of curvature of r arc edge 284
Angle of alpha primary facet 281
Angle of beta secondary facet 282
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the high-firmness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine comprises a frame 1, ground wheels 14, a fertilizer box 8, an outer sheave fertilizer discharging device 9, a fertilizer discharging shaft 10, a subsoiler 16 and a press wheel 20.
The frame 1 comprises a front cross beam 3, a longitudinal beam 6, a middle cross beam 32, a rear cross beam 13 and a fertilizer box fixing plate 7; the front cross beam 3, the middle cross beam 32 and the rear cross beam 13 are fixedly connected in sequence from front to back by the two longitudinal beams 6; two fertilizer box fixed plates 7 are respectively and fixedly connected to the two longitudinal beams 6. The fertilizer box 8 is fixed on the upper parts of the two fertilizer box fixing plates 7, and the bottom of the fertilizer box 8 is provided with a fertilizer unloading opening 23 and a plurality of fertilizer outlets. The outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharging devices 9 are correspondingly arranged below the fertilizer outlets of the fertilizer boxes 8 one by one, the fertilizer discharging shaft 10 penetrates through the outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharging devices 9 and is arranged on the fertilizer box fixing plate 7, one end of the fertilizer discharging shaft 10 is provided with an adjusting wheel 17, and the fertilizer discharging shaft 10 can move axially by rotating the adjusting wheel 17, so that grooved wheels of the outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharging devices 9 are driven to move, and the effective fertilizer discharging width of the outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharging devices 9 is changed; the other end of the fertilizer discharging shaft 10 is provided with a driven chain wheel 11.
And three-point suspension devices 24 are arranged on the front cross beam 3 and the rear cross beam 13 and are used for being connected with a three-point suspension frame at the rear end of the tractor. Two land wheels 14 are provided at the left and right ends of the front cross member 3, respectively.
The land wheel 14 has a land wheel shaft 15 mounted on the land wheel frame 2, and the land wheel frame 2 is fixedly connected to the front beam 3 through a U-shaped bolt 4 and a fixing plate 5. The surface of the land wheel 14 close to the inner side of the wheel body is provided with a plurality of bulges at equal intervals to prevent the land wheel from sliding when running on the grassland. A driving sprocket 19 is arranged on a land wheel shaft 15 of the land wheel 14 on the same side as the driven sprocket 11, and the driving sprocket 19 is connected with the driven sprocket 11 through a chain 12.
A plurality of spaced subsoilers 16 are height-adjustably fixed to the front cross member 3 by means of "U" -bolts 4 and fixing plates 5. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the subsoiler 16 includes a blade portion 26 and a shank portion 31; the shovel stalk portion 31 is equipped with a plurality of through-holes along vertical direction equidistance, passes the through-hole of co-altitude not through the bolt and is connected the degree of depth of digging of adjusting subsoiler 16 with fixed plate 5.
As shown in fig. 4 and 9, the end of the shovel blade portion 26 is a shovel tip 261, the cutting edge 28 is formed on the soil-facing end surface of the shovel blade portion 26, and the cutting edge 28 is divided into a first straight edge 283, a curved edge 284 and a second straight edge 285 in sequence from the shovel tip 261 to the connection between the shovel blade portion 26 and the shovel handle 31. The soil penetration angle of the shovel tip 261 is 15-23 degrees; the length of the shovel tip 261 is 70mm to 100 mm. As shown in fig. 9, the cutting edge opening angle γ of the cutting edge 261 is 30 ° to 60 °, and preferably, the cutting edge opening angle γ is 40 °. The soil entry angle of the first straight edge 283 is 45-60 degrees, and the length of the first straight edge 283 is 130-165 mm. The second straight blade 285 has an angle of 90 ° into the ground.
As shown in FIG. 5, the arc radius r of the arc edge 284 is 257-320 mm, and the central angle corresponding to the arc length is 58 °.
As shown in fig. 6, the cutting edge 28 has a secondary cutting edge structure, and has a primary cutting edge surface 281 and a secondary cutting edge surface 282, wherein the cutting edge angle α of the primary cutting edge surface 281 is 10 ° to 30 °, and preferably, the cutting edge angle α of the primary cutting edge surface 281 is 14 °; the edge angle β of the secondary facet 282 is 40 ° to 60 °, preferably the edge angle β of the secondary facet 282 is 45 °. The soil layer is firstly cut through the primary blade face 281 by the secondary blade edge structure, the root system is cut off, pre-disturbance is realized on the soil layer, then the secondary blade face 282 separates the soil layer to two sides, and the situation that the root system is dragged and the clod soil block is turned over due to insufficient fracture of the soil-root system composite soil layer structure in the soil layer is avoided.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, a pair of horizontal side wings 25 are fixed to both left and right sides of a cutting edge 26 at the rear end of the cutting edge 261 by screw pins 27. The flanks 25 are triangular. During operation, shovel point 261 lifts the soil layer, and the soil layer moves to flank 25's upper surface along shovel point 261, and then moves backward along with the machines are preceding, then moves out the back fast and fall back after the upper surface of flank 25 under the anchor power effect between the soil layer is inside, realizes the slight hunch-up and the fast fall back of soil layer around the flank 25.
The rear end of the shovel blade part 26 is provided with a fertilizer guide channel 29, and the upper port of the fertilizer guide channel 29 is communicated with the fertilizer outlet of the outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharging device 9 through a fertilizer guide pipe 18; as shown in fig. 5 and 7, a fertilizer spreading device 30 is disposed at a lower port of the fertilizer guide channel 29, and the fertilizer spreading device 30 is a sphere, so that the organic granulated fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer guide channel 29 is randomly scattered and distributed after colliding with the organic granulated fertilizer. As shown in fig. 7, the lower port of the fertilizer guide channel 29 is located below the side wing 25 in the horizontal direction.
A press wheel 20 is correspondingly arranged behind each subsoiler 16, the press wheel 20 is mounted at the bottom end of a support 21, the middle part of the support 21 is hinged on a middle cross beam 32, and the top end of the support 21 is connected with a rear cross beam 13 through a tension spring 22.
A method for improving the high-firmness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer by using the machine comprises the following steps:
s1, the subsoiler 16 moves in a single direction in the grassland soil-root system composite soil layer, the operation depth is 25-50 cm, the soil-root system composite soil layer structure is cut through the cutting edge 28 of the secondary cutting edge structure, meanwhile, the horizontal side wing 25 achieves micro-arching and rapid falling of the surrounding soil layer, a furrow is formed on the ground surface after the subsoiler 16 operates, the width of the furrow is 10-20 mm, zero furrow opening or low furrow opening of soil blocks is achieved in the operation process, and loosening of the grassland soil-root system composite soil layer and low disturbance operation of the ground surface are achieved;
s2, fertilizing operation is realized while loosening the soil-root system composite soil layer, organic granular fertilizer is scattered into the soil layer through the fertilizer guide channel 29 of the subsoiler 16 before the micro-arched soil layer falls back, so that the fertility of the soil layer is increased, and the growth environment of the root system of the pasture is improved;
s3, after the loosening and fertilizing processes are completed, the grassland surface is pressed, and the surface leveling and the gap springback closing are achieved.
In the step S2, the organic granulated fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer guide channel 29 is scattered and distributed randomly after colliding with the fertilizer scattering device 30 by the fertilizer scattering device 30 provided at the lower port of the fertilizer guide channel 29.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
in operation, the implement of the present invention is connected to the three-point hitch system at the rear of the tractor by the three-point hitch 24, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, and is operated under the traction of the tractor. During operation, land wheel 14 walks on the meadow earth's surface, and subsoiler 16 gets into meadow soil-root system composite soil layer and removes along with the tractor, cuts meadow soil-root system composite soil layer structure through blade 28 of second grade blade structure, flank 25 of the left and right sides of the shovel blade portion 26 of the rear end of shovel point 261 lifts the soil layer upwards, and the meadow earth's surface is protruding slightly, then bellied soil layer falls back fast under the effect of the inside anchor power of soil-root system composite soil layer structure, realizes meadow soil-root system composite soil layer's loose effect. In addition, during operation, the land wheel 14 rotates, the driving chain wheel 19 is driven to rotate through the land wheel shaft 15, the driving chain wheel 19 drives the driven chain wheel 11 and the fertilizer discharging shaft 10 to rotate through the chain 12, the outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharging device 9 is driven to work by the fertilizer discharging shaft 10, organic granular fertilizer enters the fertilizer guide pipe 18 from the fertilizer box 8, the fertilizer enters the fertilizer guide channel 29 on the subsoiler 16 through the fertilizer guide pipe 18, the fertilizer moves in the fertilizer guide channel 29 by means of gravity, the lower port of the fertilizer guide channel 29 collides with the fertilizer dispersing device 30, the movement direction of the fertilizer is changed after the fertilizer collides, and the fertilizer is scattered behind the subsoiler 16. The soil-root system composite soil layer arched by the side wings 25 covers the fertilizer after falling back. The compacting wheel 20 is under the effect of tensioning spring 22, realizes the suppression to earth's surface and soil layer, and the soil that arches the earth's surface on the one hand is compacted, levels the earth's surface, and on the other hand impels subsoiler 16 operation ground gap that the earth produced to kick-back closed. The method is applied to hardened natural deteriorated grassland represented by the leymus chinensis and perennial alfalfa artificial grassland represented by the alfalfa, and the method is suitable for being used before the pasture grass turns green.
Claims (10)
1. A high-firmness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving machine tool is characterized by comprising a frame (1), land wheels (14), a fertilizer box (8), an outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharging device (9), a fertilizer discharging shaft (10), a subsoiler (16) and a press wheel (20);
the frame (1) comprises a front cross beam (3), a longitudinal beam (6), a middle cross beam (32), a rear cross beam (13) and a fertilizer box fixing plate (7); the front cross beam (3), the middle cross beam (32) and the rear cross beam (13) are fixedly connected in sequence from front to back by the two longitudinal beams (6); the two fertilizer box fixing plates (7) are fixedly connected to the two longitudinal beams (6) respectively; the fertilizer boxes (8) are fixed on the upper parts of the two fertilizer box fixing plates (7), and the bottom of each fertilizer box (8) is provided with a fertilizer unloading opening (23) and a plurality of fertilizer outlets; the outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharging devices (9) are correspondingly arranged below the fertilizer outlets of the fertilizer boxes (8) one by one, the fertilizer discharging shaft (10) penetrates through the outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharging devices (9) to be arranged on the fertilizer box fixing plate (7), and the other end of the fertilizer discharging shaft (10) is provided with a driven chain wheel (11);
the two land wheels (14) are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the front cross beam (3); a driving sprocket (19) is arranged on a land wheel shaft (15) of the land wheel (14) on the same side as the driven sprocket (11), and the driving sprocket (19) is connected with the driven sprocket (11) through a chain (12);
a plurality of subsoilers (16) which are spaced at a certain distance are fixed on the front beam (3) in a height-adjustable manner; the subsoiler (16) comprises a blade part (26) and a shovel handle part (31);
the end part of the shovel edge part (26) is a shovel tip (261), the soil facing end surface of the shovel edge part (26) is provided with a cutting edge (28), and the cutting edge (28) is sequentially divided into a first straight line edge (283), an arc line edge (284) and a second straight line edge (285) from the shovel tip (261) to the connection part of the shovel edge part (26) and the shovel handle part (31);
the cutting edge (28) is of a secondary cutting edge structure and is provided with a primary cutting edge face (281) and a secondary cutting edge face (282), and the cutting edge angle alpha of the primary cutting edge face (281) is 10-30 degrees; the cutting edge angle beta of the secondary cutting edge surface (282) is 40-60 degrees;
a pair of horizontal side wings (25) are fixedly connected to the left side and the right side of a shovel blade part (26) at the rear end of the shovel tip (261);
the rear end of the shovel edge part (26) is provided with a fertilizer guide channel (29), and the upper end opening of the fertilizer guide channel (29) is communicated with a fertilizer outlet of the outer grooved wheel fertilizer discharging device (9) through a fertilizer guide pipe (18); a fertilizer dispersing device (30) is arranged at the lower port of the fertilizer guide channel (29), and the fertilizer dispersing device (30) is a sphere, so that organic granular fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer guide channel (29) is randomly scattered and distributed after colliding with the fertilizer dispersing device (30);
every subsoiler (16) rear correspondence is equipped with a press wheel (20), the bottom at support (21) is installed in press wheel (20), and the middle part of support (21) articulates on well crossbeam (32), and the top of support (21) is passed through tensioning spring (22) and is connected with rear frame member (13).
2. The high firmness grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein an adjusting wheel (17) is provided at one end of the fertilizer discharging shaft (10), and the fertilizer discharging shaft (10) is axially moved by rotating the adjusting wheel (17), so as to drive the sheave of the outer sheave fertilizer discharging device (9) to move, thereby changing the effective fertilizer discharging width of the outer sheave fertilizer discharging device (9).
3. The high solidity grassland soil-root composite soil improving implement of claim 1, wherein the shovel shaft portion (31) is provided with a plurality of through holes at equal intervals in the vertical direction, and the penetration depth of the subsoiler (16) is adjusted by bolts through the through holes of different heights.
4. The soil-root composite soil layer improving implement for grasslands with high firmness as claimed in claim 1, wherein the land wheel shaft (15) of the land wheel (14) is installed on a land wheel frame (2), and the land wheel frame (2) is fixedly connected to the front beam (3); a plurality of bulges are arranged on the surface of the land wheel (14) close to the inner side of the wheel body at equal intervals.
5. The high solidity grassland soil-root system composite soil layer improving implement of claim 1, wherein the penetration angle of the shovel tip (261) is 15 ° to 23 °; the length of the shovel tip (261) is 70 mm-100 mm; the shovel tip opening angle gamma of the shovel tip (261) is 30-60 degrees; the soil entry angle of the first straight line blade (283) is 45-60 degrees, and the length of the first straight line blade (283) is 130-165 mm; the soil entry angle of the second straight blade (285) is 90 degrees; the arc radius r of the arc blade (284) is 257-320 mm, and the central angle corresponding to the arc length is 58 degrees.
6. The high solidity grassland soil-root composite soil amendment implement of claim 1, wherein the primary facet (281) has a facet angle α of 14 °; the edge angle beta of the secondary edge surface (282) is 45 degrees.
7. The high solidity grassland soil-root composite soil improving implement of claim 1, wherein the side wings (25) are triangular.
8. The high solidity grassland soil-root composite soil improving implement of claim 1, wherein the lower port of the fertilizer guiding channel (29) is located below the side wing (25) in the horizontal direction.
9. A method of improving a soil-root composite soil layer of a high solidity grassland using the implement of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
s1, the subsoiler (16) moves in a single direction in the grassland soil-root system composite soil layer, the operation depth is 25-50 cm, the soil-root system composite soil layer structure is cut through the cutting edge (28) of the secondary cutting edge structure, meanwhile, the horizontal side wing (25) achieves micro-arching and rapid falling of the surrounding soil layer, a furrow gap is formed on the ground surface after the subsoiler (16) operates, the width of the furrow gap is 10-20 mm, zero-furrow-tillage or low-furrow-tillage of soil blocks is achieved in the operation process, and loosening and low-disturbance operation of the grassland soil-root system composite soil layer are achieved;
s2, fertilizing operation is realized while loosening the soil-root system composite soil layer, organic granular fertilizer is spread into the soil layer through the fertilizer guide channel (29) of the subsoiler (16) before the micro-arched soil layer falls back, the fertility of the soil layer is increased, and the growth environment of the grass root system is improved;
s3, after the loosening and fertilizing processes are completed, the grassland surface is pressed, and the surface leveling and the gap springback closing are achieved.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein in step S2, the organic granular fertilizer discharged from the fertilizer guide channel (29) is scattered randomly after colliding with the fertilizer scattering device (30) through the fertilizer scattering device (30) provided at the lower port of the fertilizer guide channel (29).
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