CN1124833C - 具有隔开部件的吸湿用品 - Google Patents

具有隔开部件的吸湿用品 Download PDF

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CN1124833C
CN1124833C CN96199348A CN96199348A CN1124833C CN 1124833 C CN1124833 C CN 1124833C CN 96199348 A CN96199348 A CN 96199348A CN 96199348 A CN96199348 A CN 96199348A CN 1124833 C CN1124833 C CN 1124833C
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absorbent article
layer
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克里斯托弗·P·比伊克-索恩塔格
保罗·维戈里奥
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Abstract

本发明涉及吸湿用品,该用品具有顶片、吸湿芯和可透气的底片,其中下面的并包括吸湿芯的层中的至少一层与相邻的层隔开以防止湿透。

Description

具有隔开部件 的吸湿用品
                         技术领域
本发明涉及具有可透气的底片的吸湿用品,特别是卫生巾,该用品减少了湿透到穿用者的衣物上。
                         背景技术
吸湿用品领域(特别是月经护垫)优选开发的消费者的主要需要是提供保护性好和舒适程度高的产品的供应。
一种用于改进吸湿用品舒适性的极理想的方法是使用所谓的“可透气的底片”。可透气的底片通常可包括具有定向流体传输的微孔状的膜或多孔成形膜,正如US4,591,523所披露的那样。上述两种类型的可透气的底片是可透水蒸汽的,从而与环境进行气体交换。由此这使得芯中储存的一部分流体蒸发,增加了吸湿用品内空气的循环。这是极其有利的,因为它减少了许多穿用者长时间穿周期间所经历的发粘感觉。
但是,与吸湿用品中的可透气的底片相关的主要缺点是渗漏到穿用者衣服上的可能性的增加,通常称为湿透。尽管可透气的底片原则上只允许气态物质的传输,但诸如挤出、扩散和毛细作用的物理作用仍可发生并导致流体从吸湿芯通过底片传输到穿用者衣物上。特别是,如果在物理作用期将产品用于较大的排泄负荷或较长的使用期间,这些作用将更加显著。因此,从舒适性角度加入可透气的底片是极其理想的,但是就保护性来看,它们导致保护失败,其程度不可接受,尤其是在加压条件下。
本领域已经认识到由于向吸湿用品中加入这类可透气的底片引起湿透到使用者内裤上的问题。但是,解决该问题的努力主要在于使用多层底片。
但是,上述解决办法中没有一个已证明十分满意地提供了对底片湿透问题的满意解决办法。而且,在所谓的薄型产品的情况下(从舒适性角度看它们也是理想的),湿透问题进一步加重。因此,在现有的提供改进的舒适性吸湿产品的方法中存在分歧,以致于薄型可透气的产品不能提供满意程度的保护。
结果,需要提供一种通过应用可透气的底片改进舒适性和保持所需程度的保护的厚度减少的吸湿用品。
现已发现,可透气的底片可用于厚度减少的卫生巾中,从而通过在下面的并包括吸湿芯任何相邻层之间使用隔开部件而提供具有高度保护和舒适性的产品。认为各层的隔开,特别是吸湿芯与可透气的底片的隔开减少了这些层之间的接触,从而阻碍了流体通过底片移动到使用者的衣物上,从而阻止了湿透。
先前已披露了吸湿用品中的分开部件,如在EPO 555 341中所披露。但是,该文件没有披露可透气的底片或认识到与使用这类可透气的底片相关的问题。
                          发明内容
本发明是一次性吸湿用品,包括透液的顶片、吸湿芯和可透气的底片。吸湿芯位于顶片和底片之间,且顶片、底片和吸湿芯为至少一层,吸湿芯包括流体储存层,底片包括外层。这些层中每一个具有朝向穿用者的表面和朝向衣物的表面,这些朝向穿用者的表面的每一个与相邻层的相邻的朝向衣物表面构成一共同界面。用品的底片部分从流体储存层的朝向衣物面延伸到外层的朝向衣物面。
本发明的特征在于底片部分中的至少一朝向衣物面通过一隔开部件与相邻的朝向穿用者的表面隔开,从而共同界面的不超过50%的表面是直接接触的。
                      具体实施方式
本发明涉及一次性吸湿用品,如卫生巾、婴儿尿片、失禁用品和短裤衬里。这类产品通常包括一透液的顶片、一底片和位于该顶片和底片之间的吸湿芯。顶片、吸湿芯和底片中的每一个包括至少一层,这些层中的每一个具有朝向穿用者的表面和朝向衣物的表面。每一个朝向穿用者的表面与相邻层的相邻的朝向衣物的表面构成一共同界面,本文下面称为共同界面。共同界面与共面的各朝向衣物面和朝向穿用者的表面的那些部分延伸相同的面积。
吸湿用品的底片部分从储存层的朝衣物的表面延伸到底片外层的朝向衣物的表面。此后将底片部分称为下面的并包括吸湿芯的任何层。
根据本发明的一优选实施方案,吸湿用品包括侧翼、侧边包覆件或翼。
                        隔开部件
根据本发明,吸湿用品包括作为基本部件的隔开部件。本文所用的术语“隔开部件”指上面定义的隔开两相邻表面的共同界面的任何用品。如此被隔开的共同界面包括流体储存层的朝向衣物的表面与底片的朝向衣物的表面和任何一对的相邻底片层及其任何组合隔开。本发明的所述朝向衣物的表面和所述朝向穿用者的表面彼此隔开,从而不超过50%、优选不超过45%、更优选不超过40%、最优选不超过30%的共同界面的表面直接接触。认为下面的并且包括芯的至少两相邻层的隔开显著地减少了通常发生在可透气的底片上的湿透到内裤上的事件的发生。
另外,吸湿用品和类似地该吸湿用品的每一层具有一从吸湿用品的周边延伸到吸湿用品的中心或中央部分的侧边部分,该中央部分定义为通常接受至少75%的流体排泄物的区域。因此,吸湿用品的中央部分处于最大的压力下,此处湿透事故的可能性最大。因此,在一优选的实施方案中,应减少该中央部分的共同界面表面的直接接触,并优选这样以至于所述共同界面的所述表面的所述中央部分的不超过50%、优选不超过40%、最优选不超过30%直接接触。
本发明的所述隔开部件可以是用品的底片部分中的两相邻层的共同界面由其彼此隔开的任一种部件,并从而包括引入本文作为参考的EPO 555341中所述的那些。
本发明的隔开部件具有一纵向中心线和一横向中心线,可以用该纵向和横向中心线来描述位于吸湿用品的吸湿芯下面的隔开部件的位置和取向。隔开部件可放在吸湿芯下面的多个位置中。例如,隔开部件可以相对吸湿用品的其它部件居中,从而隔开部件的纵向和横向线与吸湿用品的主纵向和横向中心线重合。可供选择的是,隔开部件的位置应使得它不在吸湿用品上居中,从而隔开部件吸湿用品的纵向和横向中心线是偏置的。
隔开部件可具有任何构型,只要它将上述两相邻层隔开。因此,隔开部件可以相对其主纵向和横向中心线是对称的或非对称的。
可以就其纵向和横向尺寸来描述隔开部件的构型。隔开部件的纵向尺寸通常大于其横向尺寸。隔开部件可延伸到其隔开的层的任一表面的长度和宽度的100%。另外,为了减少对吸湿用品的总厚度的影响,隔开部件应较薄并且其优选的厚度或深度少于1毫米,优选小于0.5毫米。
隔开部件可以包括一个部件或多个部件,只要达到层与层之间的隔开。隔开部件最好包括一个部件。类似地,隔开部件可以由相同片和类型的材料构成或独立的片和类型的材料构成。隔开部件最好由一片整体的材料构成。
本发明的隔开部件可以由任何材料构成,只要它基本上不阻碍其隔开的层间的气态物质的传输。隔开部件用的合适的材料包括聚合物材料(如聚乙烯和聚丙烯)和根据隔开部件的构型和所需的稳定度而选择的胶粘剂材料。
在本发明的一个优选的实施方案中,所述隔开部件包括以吸湿用品为中心并延伸到吸湿用品周边的网格。根据隔开部件的构型,网格可具有任何尺寸,但优选具有网状构型。网格通常包括平均直径至少100微米、优选至少150微米、最优选至少200微米的开口。适用作网格隔开部件的材料包括胶粘剂和聚丙烯。
在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,所述隔开部件由片状材料构成。片状材料可以如EPO 555 341所述呈片状的、折叠的或起褶的。特别合适的材料包括多孔平面状聚合物材料或多孔成形聚合物薄膜,所述孔的平均直径至少为100微米、优选至少150微米、最优选至少200微米。底片
本发明的吸湿用品包括一可透气的底片。底片主要防止吸收和存留于吸湿结构中的排泄物弄湿接触吸湿产品的物品,如内裤、长裤、睡衣和内衣。另外,本发明的可透气的底片允许蒸汽和空气透过底片传输并且使空气进入和离开底片而循环。
本发明的可透气的底片包括至少一个可透气的层。合适的可透气的层包括二维的、平面状的微孔和大孔的薄膜、宏观伸展的薄膜和多孔成形薄膜。本发明的所述层中的孔可以是任何构型,但优选是球形或长椭圆形的并可具有不同的尺寸。通常,所述层的孔的平均直径为150~5微米、优选120~10微米、最优选90~15微米。孔最好是均匀分布在该层的整个表面上,但也考虑表面只有某些区域具有孔的层。
底片的合适的二维平面状层可以由本领域公知的任何材料制成,但最好由通常可买到的聚合物材料构成。合适的材料是本领域公知的用于所谓的可透气的织物中的如Gortex(TM)或Sympatex(TM)型材料。其它合适的材料包括美国的Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company,St.Paul,Minnesota的XMP-1001。这里用的术语二维平面层指厚度小于1毫米、优选小于0.5毫米的层,其中的孔均位于平面内而未突出该层的平面之外。用作本发明的底片的多孔材料可以使用本领域已知的任何一种方法制备。如EPO 293 482和其中的参考文献所述。另外,由该方法生产的孔的尺寸可以通过横过底片层的平面施加力(即拉伸该层)而增加。
合适的多孔成形膜包括具有离散孔的薄膜,该孔超出该层的朝向衣物面的水平面之外而向吸湿芯延伸,从而形成突起。突起具有位于其终端上的小孔。所述的突起最好类似于US3,929,135所述呈漏斗形的。位于平面内的孔和位于突起本身的终端上的小孔可以是圆形的或非圆形的,只要突起的终端上的孔的横截面尺寸或面积小于位于层的朝向衣物表面内的孔的横截面尺寸或面积。所述的多孔预成形的膜最好是单向的,从而它们具有至少基本上(如果不是完全的)一个朝吸湿芯的定向的流体传输。本发明所用的合适的宏观伸展的薄膜包括如US4519523中所述的薄膜。
本发明的底片除含所述的透气层之外,还包括其它的底片层。该其它的层是邻近并位于朝该外层的朝衣物表面的所述可透气的层之下。该其它的层可以是最好不减少底片的透气性的任一种材料。
该底片通常沿着整个吸收结构延伸,并可延伸入且形成部分或全部的侧翼、侧边包覆或翼。
本发明的吸湿用品可以有利地用在卫生巾、短裤衬里、失禁用品和尿片中。但是,卫生巾和短裤衬里是对本发明特别适用的。因此,一次性用品可具有在其预期用途的情况下的产品的所有的典型特征和部件。除了前述的部件外,该产品通常包括顶片和吸湿芯。吸湿芯
本发明的吸湿芯可包括下列部件:(a)一任选主流体分配层,优选与任选的副流体分配层一起;(b)流体储存层;(c)任选的位于储存层下面的纤维(“除尘”)层;和(d)其它任选部件。本发明的吸湿芯根据预计的最终用途可具有任何厚度。在本发明的优选实施方案中,其中吸湿用品是卫生巾或短裤衬里,吸湿芯的厚度为15~1毫米,优选10~1毫米,最优选7~1毫米。a.主/副流体分配层
本发明的吸湿芯的一个任选部件是主流体分配层和副流体分配层。主分配层通常位于顶片的下面并与顶片流体相通。顶片将所收集的流体传输到该主分配层用于最终分配到储存层。该通过该分配层的流体传输不仅发生在厚度上,还发生在吸湿用品的长度和宽度方向上。任选并优选的副分配通常位于该主分配层的下面并与主分配层流体相通。该副分配层的目的是容易收集主分配层的流体并将其快速传输到下面的储存层。这有助于充分利用下面的储存层的流体容量。该流体分配层可以由通常用于这类分配层的任何材料构成。b.流体储存层
流体储存层通常位于主或副分配层的下面并与流体相通。流体储存层可以包括任何常用的吸湿材料或其组合。它优选包括常称为“水凝胶”、“超吸湿”、“水解胶体”材料的吸湿凝胶材料及合适的载体。
吸湿凝胶材料能够吸收大量含水体液,并且还能够在中等压力下存留这类吸收的体液。吸湿凝胶材料能均匀或非均匀地分散在合适的载体中。假设载体是如此吸湿的,也可以单独地使用合适的载体。
本发明用的合适的吸湿凝胶材料通常包括基本上水不溶性的、略微交联的、部分中和的聚合物凝胶材料。该材料与水接触时形成水凝胶。这类聚合物材料能由本领域公知的可聚合的、未饱和的含酸的单体。
合适的载体包括吸湿结构中常用的材料,如天然的、改性的或合成纤维,特别是改性的或未改性的纤维素纤维,呈绒毛状和/或薄纸状。合适的载体可与吸湿凝胶材料一起使用,但是它们也可以单独或组合使用。最优选的是卫生巾和短裤衬里中的薄纸或薄纸叠层。
本发明所制造的吸湿结构的实施方案包括将薄纸在其自身上折叠而形成的双层薄纸。这些层例如可用胶粘剂或机械联锁或氢桥键而彼此连接。吸湿凝胶材料或其它任选材料可以包含在这些层之间。
也可以使用改性的纤维素纤维,如硬挺的纤维素纤维。也可以使用合成纤维并包括那些由醋酸纤维素、聚氟乙烯、聚偏氯乙烯、丙烯酸类(如聚丙烯腈丝)、聚醋酸乙烯、不溶性的聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺(如尼龙)、聚酯、双组分纤维、三组分纤维、其混合物及类似物。纤维表面最好是亲水性的或处理成亲水性的。储存层也可以包括填充材料,如珍珠岩、硅藻土、蛭石等以改进液体保留性。
如果吸湿凝胶材料不均匀地分散在载体中,但是储存层也可以局部均匀的,即在储存层的大小范围内在一个或几个方向上具有分配梯度。非均匀分布也可以指部分或全部包围吸湿凝胶材料的载体叠层。c.任选的纤维(“打底”)层
包含在本发明的吸湿芯中的任选组分是邻近并通常位于储存层下面的纤维层。该下层的纤维层通常称为“打底”层(“dusting”layer),因为在吸湿芯的制造过程中,它提供了沉积储存芯中的吸湿凝胶材料的底物。确实,在吸湿凝胶材料呈宏观结构形式(如纤维、片状或条状)时,不需要加入该纤维“打底”层。但是,该“打底”层提供了一些附加的流体处理能力,如流体沿着护垫长度的快速芯吸。d.吸湿结构的其它任选组分
本发明的吸湿芯可以包括吸湿网中通常存在的其它任选组分。例如,加强稀纱布(reinforcing scrim)可以布置在吸湿芯的各层内或各层之间。这类加强稀纱布应具有这样的构型以至于不形成流体输送的界面屏障。假设加强稀纱布具有作为热粘合结果通常存在的结构完整性,它们对于热粘合的吸湿结构通常是不需要的。
可以加入本发明的吸湿芯中并优选靠近或作为主或副流体分配层的一部分而提供的另一个部件是气味控制剂。涂覆的活性炭或还有其它气味控制剂(特别是合适的沸石或粘土材料)任选加入到吸湿结构中。可以以任何需要的形式加入这些组分,但通常是以离散的颗粒加入。顶片
顶片可以包括单层或多层。在一个优选的实施方案中,顶片包括提供顶片的朝向穿用者表面的第一层和第一层和吸湿结构/芯之间的第二层。
顶片是一个整体,因此每一层独立地需要是柔顺的、感觉柔软的且对穿用者的皮肤无刺激。它也能具有弹性特性,使它在一个或两个方向上伸展。本发明的顶片可以由本领域已知的用于此目的任何材料制成,如无纺织物、薄膜或两者的组合。在本发明的一优选实施方案中,顶片的至少一层包括疏水的、透液的多孔聚合物薄膜。上层最好由多孔的薄膜材料提供,设置这些孔以方便液体从朝向穿用者的表面向吸湿结构输送,如US3929135、US4151240、US4319868、US4324426、US 4343 314和US4591523。
顶片通常横过整个吸湿结构延伸,并可以伸展并形成优选的侧翼、侧边包覆件或翼的部分或全部。
本发明的吸湿用品是以本领域公知的任何方法通过连接多个部件,如顶片、底片和吸湿芯而构造的。例如底片和/或顶片可以用均匀连续的胶粘剂层、带图案的胶粘剂层或胶粘剂的任何分离的线、螺旋线或点系列的排列来连接到吸收芯上或彼此连接。或者,可以用热连接、压力连接、超声焊接、动力机械连接或本领域公知的任何其它合适的连接方法及其任何组合来连接各部件。
                        实施例 内裤湿透评估试验
如下所述在本发明的卫生巾上进行内裤湿透试验以评估底片抵抗体液的传输。方法:
该试验是在真实的使用条件下进行的。给予一组至少20名(如经期)妇女至少5个卫生巾和5个棉短裤。指示她们以通常穿用这类用品的方式穿用卫生巾和所供应的短裤。使用后,取下短裤,其中用过的卫生巾仍固定在短裤上,并将它们送到实验室以便视觉评估用过的卫生巾和短裤。
观察返回的卫生巾的底片湿透情况。在经期穿用的卫生巾情况下,这包括确定出现大于0.25毫米2红色污点的短裤的数目。对于每个湿透可透气的底片的卫生巾来说,记录月经的量、湿透的位置和幅度。
实施例
在等同的条件下准备每个试验样品,除下面描述的实施例的具体方面外,其它方面完全相同。所有的试验样品都是根据正常加工方法由Procter &Gamble,Pescara Technical Centre SpA,Italy根据详细的改型而机械制造的“Always Ultra Normal”卫生巾以保证产品的质量和一致性。
实施例1(参照例):
在该实施例中,卫生巾上通常用的塑料不透液的底片被微孔薄膜取代,该薄膜由Exxon Chemical Company以制造牌号Exxaire XBF-100W供应,该底片直接与吸湿芯接触。实施例2:
在该实施例中,除了用微孔薄膜取代底片外,该薄膜如实施例1所述由Exxon Chemical Company以制造牌号Exxaire XBF-100W供应,在吸湿芯和多孔薄膜之间插入一其它的层。该层是由低密度聚乙烯制造的一维(朝吸湿芯)流体输送多孔薄膜,该聚乙烯由美国Tredegar Corporaton以制造牌号X-1522供应。
          表1在返回的卫生巾上的湿透性实验室评估
    实施例 发生事故时的平均载荷(克) 湿透的护垫的百分数(%)
    实施例1     6.6     22%
    实施例2     18.5     <2%

Claims (5)

1.一种一次性吸湿用品,包括透液的顶片、吸湿芯和透气的底片,所述吸湿芯位于所述顶片和所述底片之间,所述顶片为一层,所述吸湿芯包括一流体储存层,其特征在于:
所述底片包括微孔二维聚合物多孔薄膜外层,所述孔的直径为150微米至5微米;
每个所述的层具有朝向穿用者的表面和朝向衣物的表面,每个所述的朝向穿用者的表面与相邻层的相邻的朝向衣物的表面构成一共同界面;
底片部分,该底片部分定义为所述流体储存层的所述朝向衣物的表面和所述外层的所述朝向衣物的表面之间的部分,及
其中通过一透气的层状隔开部件将所述底片部分内的至少一朝向衣物的表面与相邻的朝向穿用者的表面相隔开,使所述共同界面的不超过50%的表面是直接接触的。
2.权利要求1的一次性吸湿用品,其中所述共同界面的不超过45%的表面是直接接触的。
3.权利要求1的一次性吸湿用品,其中所述隔开部件包括平均直径至少为100微米的孔。
4.权利要求1的一次性吸湿用品,其中所述隔开部件是二维多孔聚合物薄膜或多孔成形聚合物薄膜。
5.权利要求1的一次性吸湿用品,其中所述用品是卫生巾或短裤衬里。
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