CN112471366A - Compound feed for improving anti-stress capability of carps and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Compound feed for improving anti-stress capability of carps and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112471366A
CN112471366A CN202011544816.2A CN202011544816A CN112471366A CN 112471366 A CN112471366 A CN 112471366A CN 202011544816 A CN202011544816 A CN 202011544816A CN 112471366 A CN112471366 A CN 112471366A
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parts
powder
vitamin
preparation
compound feed
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孙超
张大伟
赵云龙
原雪峰
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Tianjin Modern Tianjiao Aquaculture Feed Co ltd
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Tianjin Modern Tianjiao Aquaculture Feed Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/195—Antibiotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

The invention relates to a compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of carps and a preparation method thereof, wherein the compound feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of flour; 12-20 parts of high-protein soybean meal; 45-50 parts of corn protein powder; 10-20 parts of vinasse; 8-15 parts of full cream rice bran; 2-5 parts of fish meal; 2-5 parts of chicken powder; 2-5 parts of whole blood powder by spray drying; 2-5 parts of silkworm chrysalis; 1-4 parts of hydrolyzed feather powder; 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 1-3 parts of soybean oil; 2-5 parts of premix; 5-10 parts of astragalus extract; 15-20 parts of ascorbic acid; 3-5 parts of taurine; 2-3 parts of garlic powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pre-treating; preparing materials; crushing; tempering; puffing and granulating; and (5) drying. The taurine can regulate the metabolic disorder of free radicals caused by stress; the radix astragali extract can enhance the immunity of carp; the ascorbic acid can enhance the anti-stress capability and resistance of the carp.

Description

Compound feed for improving anti-stress capability of carps and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic feeds, in particular to a compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of carps and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the current high-density intensive culture and the accompanying environmental deterioration, disease outbreak, water pollution and the like, the growing environment of the carps faces huge pressure and stress, which causes huge loss of the carp industry culture. The animal organism can be damaged to different degrees due to excessive stress reaction, and a large amount of antibiotics can be used in a plurality of farms for solving the problem, but the idea of healthy cultivation and food safety is not met. Therefore, research on anti-stress feed for enhancing the self-regulation ability of aquatic animals under the condition of interference so as to relieve stress becomes a major problem to be solved urgently, and people pay attention to the anti-stress feed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to develop a nontoxic, harmless, efficient and environment-friendly feed, and provides a compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of carps and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of carps comprises the following specific components in parts by weight:
5-15 parts of flour; 12-20 parts of high-protein soybean meal; 45-50 parts of corn protein powder; 10-20 parts of vinasse; 8-15 parts of full cream rice bran; 2-5 parts of fish meal; 2-5 parts of chicken powder; 2-5 parts of whole blood powder by spray drying; 2-5 parts of silkworm chrysalis; 1-4 parts of hydrolyzed feather powder; 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 1-3 parts of soybean oil; 2-5 parts of premix; 5-10 parts of astragalus extract; 15-20 parts of ascorbic acid; 3-5 parts of taurine; 2-3 parts of garlic powder.
The premix comprises the following specific components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of salt; 10-15 parts of fine stone powder; 2-5 parts of methionine; 1-3 parts of threonine; 10-15 parts of lysine hydrochloride; 3-6 parts of multi-mineral for fish; 0.5-1.5 parts of multivitamin for fish; 0.1 to 0.5 portion of 30 percent bile acid; 0.8-1.6 parts of VC grease; 0.3-1 part of antioxidant; 0.05 to 0.15 portion of 50 percent L-carnitine; 0.5-1.0 part of high-temperature resistant phytase; 0.3-1.0 part of bacillus subtilis; 2-8 parts of betaine; 0.1-0.4 part of choline chloride; 20-40 parts of zeolite powder.
The multi-mineral for fish is prepared by mixing ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, copper sulfate and calcium iodate.
The fish multivitamin is prepared by mixing vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin K3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, nicotinamide, calcium pantothenate and inositol.
The preparation method of the compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of the carps comprises the following specific steps:
s1, pretreatment
Preparing hydrolyzed feather powder, spray-dried whole blood powder, radix astragali extract, and premix;
s2, preparing the ingredients
Weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
s3, crushing
Uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials, carrying out primary crushing, crushing until the proportion of the materials passing through a 65-mesh sieve is more than 85%, and then carrying out secondary crushing until the proportion of the materials passing through a 80-mesh sieve is more than 95%;
s4, hardening and tempering
Introducing water vapor into the mixed powder for tempering for 2-5min at the tempering temperature of 140-150 ℃ to prepare a tempered material, wherein the water content of the tempered material is 35-40%;
s5, puffing and granulating
Puffing and extruding the seasoning material by using an extrusion and expansion machine to prepare a feed strip, wherein the aperture of an extrusion die of the extrusion and expansion machine is 200-400 mu m, cutting the feed strip into feed granules by using a cutter of the extrusion and expansion machine, and controlling the extrusion speed to ensure that the particle size of the feed granules is 200-400 mu m to prepare a wet material;
s6, drying
Drying the wet material at the temperature of 100-150 ℃ for 10-30min to prepare the fish feed.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed feather powder comprises the following steps: washing the waste feather with water, drying in the air, crushing, sieving, adding the crushed waste feather and a hydrochloric acid solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 30-60min at the temperature of 150-.
The preparation method of the spray-dried whole blood powder comprises the following steps: centrifugally separating animal whole blood into plasma and blood cells, drying the separated animal plasma into plasma protein powder by using a spray drying method, wherein the hot air inlet temperature is 160-220 ℃ and the air outlet temperature is 40-80 ℃ during spray drying of the animal plasma.
The preparation method of the astragalus extract comprises the following steps: decocting radix astragali in water 8-12 times for 2-4 times (each time for 1-3 hr), mixing decoctions, and filtering; concentrating the filtrate at 70-90 deg.C to obtain fluid extract I with relative density of 1.10-1.30, adding ethanol to ethanol content of 60-80%, stirring, and standing; recovering ethanol from the supernatant, concentrating at 70-90 deg.C to obtain fluid extract II with relative density of 1.20-1.35, and drying; and crushing the clear paste II into fine powder and micronizing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.
The extraction solvent in the preparation process of the astragalus extract is an aqueous solution with the pH value adjusted to 9-10 by the mixture of disodium hydrogen phosphate and trisodium phosphate, and the weight ratio of the disodium hydrogen phosphate to the trisodium phosphate is 1:2-1: 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the high-protein soybean meal and the corn protein powder provide sufficient protein for the growth of the carps; the premix provides rich vitamins and minerals, and meets the special nutritional requirements of the carps; taurine can improve the oxidation resistance of fish body, remove active oxygen free radicals, and regulate the metabolic disorder of free radicals caused by stress; the astragalus extract can enhance the immunity of the carp and improve the disease resistance of the carp; the ascorbic acid can enhance the anti-stress capability and resistance of the carp and reduce the toxin in the carp body; the garlic powder contains sulfur compounds, has good antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, and is one of the strongest antibacterial effects in natural plants found at present.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples:
specific example 1:
a compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of carps comprises the following specific components in parts by weight:
5 parts of flour; 12 parts of high-protein soybean meal; 45 parts of corn protein powder; 10 parts of vinasse; 8 parts of full cream rice bran; 2 parts of fish meal; 2 parts of chicken powder; spray-drying 2 parts of whole blood powder; 2 parts of silkworm chrysalis; 1 part of hydrolyzed feather powder; 0.5 part of monocalcium phosphate; 1 part of soybean oil; 2 parts of premix; 5 parts of astragalus extract; 15 parts of ascorbic acid; 3 parts of taurine; 2 parts of garlic powder.
The premix comprises the following specific components in parts by weight: 2 parts of table salt; 10 parts of fine stone powder; 2 parts of methionine; 1 part of threonine; 10 parts of lysine hydrochloride; 3 parts of multi-mineral for fish; 0.5 part of multivitamin for fish; 0.1 part of 30 percent bile acid; 0.8 part of VC grease; 0.3 part of antioxidant; 0.05 part of 50 percent L-carnitine; 0.5 part of high-temperature resistant phytase; 0.3 part of bacillus subtilis; 2 parts of betaine; 0.1 part of choline chloride; 20 parts of zeolite powder.
The multi-mineral for fish is prepared by mixing ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, copper sulfate and calcium iodate.
The fish multivitamin is prepared by mixing vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin K3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, nicotinamide, calcium pantothenate and inositol.
The preparation method of the compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of the carps comprises the following specific steps:
s1, pretreatment
Preparing hydrolyzed feather powder, spray-dried whole blood powder, radix astragali extract, and premix;
s2, preparing the ingredients
Weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
s3, crushing
Uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials, carrying out primary crushing, crushing until the proportion of the materials passing through a 65-mesh sieve is more than 85%, and then carrying out secondary crushing until the proportion of the materials passing through a 80-mesh sieve is more than 95%;
s4, hardening and tempering
Introducing steam into the mixed powder for tempering for 5min at the tempering temperature of 140 ℃ to prepare a tempered material, wherein the water content of the tempered material is 40%;
s5, puffing and granulating
Puffing and extruding the seasoning material by using an extrusion and expansion machine to obtain feed strips, wherein the aperture of an extrusion die of the extrusion and expansion machine is 200 mu m, cutting the feed strips into feed particles by using a cutter of the extrusion and expansion machine, and controlling the extrusion speed to ensure that the particle size of the feed particles is 200 mu m to obtain wet material;
s6, drying
Drying the wet material at 100 deg.C for 30min to obtain fish feed.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed feather powder comprises the following steps: washing the waste feather with water, air drying, pulverizing, sieving, adding into a high pressure reaction kettle together with hydrochloric acid solution, reacting at 150 deg.C under 400kPa for 60min, filtering, and evaporating to dryness.
The preparation method of the spray-dried whole blood powder comprises the following steps: centrifugally separating animal whole blood into plasma and blood cells, drying the separated animal plasma into plasma protein powder by using a spray drying method, wherein the hot air inlet temperature is 160 ℃ and the air outlet temperature is 40 ℃ during spray drying of the animal plasma.
The preparation method of the astragalus extract comprises the following steps: decocting radix astragali in 8 times of water for 2 times (1 hr for each time), mixing decoctions, and filtering; concentrating the filtrate at 70 deg.C to obtain fluid extract I with relative density of 1.10, adding ethanol to make ethanol content be 60%, stirring, and standing; recovering ethanol from the supernatant, concentrating at 70 deg.C to obtain fluid extract II with relative density of 1.20, and drying; and crushing the clear paste II into fine powder and micronizing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.
The extraction solvent in the preparation process of the astragalus extract is an aqueous solution of which the pH value is adjusted to 9 by a mixture of disodium hydrogen phosphate and trisodium phosphate, and the weight ratio of the disodium hydrogen phosphate to the trisodium phosphate is 1: 2.
Specific example 2:
a compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of carps comprises the following specific components in parts by weight:
15 parts of flour; 20 parts of high-protein soybean meal; 50 parts of corn protein powder; 20 parts of vinasse; 15 parts of full cream rice bran; 5 parts of fish meal; 5 parts of chicken powder; 5 parts of whole blood powder is spray-dried; 5 parts of silkworm chrysalis; 4 parts of hydrolyzed feather powder; 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate; 3 parts of soybean oil; 5 parts of premix; 10 parts of astragalus extract; 20 parts of ascorbic acid; 5 parts of taurine; 3 parts of garlic powder.
The premix comprises the following specific components in parts by weight: 5 parts of table salt; 15 parts of fine stone powder; 5 parts of methionine; 3 parts of threonine; 15 parts of lysine hydrochloride; 6 portions of multi-mineral for fish; 1.5 parts of multivitamin for fish; 0.5 part of 30 percent bile acid; 1.6 parts of VC grease; 1 part of antioxidant; 0.15 portion of 50 percent L-carnitine; 1.0 part of high-temperature resistant phytase; 1.0 part of bacillus subtilis; 8 parts of betaine; 0.4 part of choline chloride; and 40 parts of zeolite powder.
The multi-mineral for fish is prepared by mixing ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, copper sulfate and calcium iodate.
The fish multivitamin is prepared by mixing vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin K3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, nicotinamide, calcium pantothenate and inositol.
The preparation method of the compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of the carps comprises the following specific steps:
s1, pretreatment
Preparing hydrolyzed feather powder, spray-dried whole blood powder, radix astragali extract, and premix;
s2, preparing the ingredients
Weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
s3, crushing
Uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials, carrying out primary crushing, crushing until the proportion of the materials passing through a 65-mesh sieve is more than 85%, and then carrying out secondary crushing until the proportion of the materials passing through a 80-mesh sieve is more than 95%;
s4, hardening and tempering
Introducing steam into the mixed powder for tempering for 2min at the tempering temperature of 150 ℃ to prepare a tempered material, wherein the water content of the tempered material is 35%;
s5, puffing and granulating
Puffing and extruding the seasoning material by using an extrusion and expansion machine to obtain feed strips, wherein the aperture of an extrusion die of the extrusion and expansion machine is 400 mu m, cutting the feed strips into feed particles by using a cutter of the extrusion and expansion machine, and controlling the extrusion speed to ensure that the particle size of the feed particles is 400 mu m to obtain wet material;
s6, drying
Drying the wet material at 150 deg.C for 10min to obtain fish feed.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed feather powder comprises the following steps: washing the waste feather with water, air drying, pulverizing, sieving, adding into a high pressure reaction kettle together with hydrochloric acid solution, reacting at 200 deg.C under 700kPa for 30min, filtering, and evaporating to dryness.
The preparation method of the spray-dried whole blood powder comprises the following steps: centrifugally separating animal whole blood into plasma and blood cells, drying the separated animal plasma into plasma protein powder by using a spray drying method, wherein the hot air inlet temperature is 220 ℃ and the air outlet temperature is 80 ℃ during spray drying of the animal plasma.
The preparation method of the astragalus extract comprises the following steps: decocting radix astragali in 12 times of water for 3 hr for 4 times, mixing decoctions, and filtering; concentrating the filtrate at 90 deg.C to obtain fluid extract I with relative density of 1.30, adding ethanol to make ethanol content reach 80%, stirring, and standing; recovering ethanol from the supernatant, concentrating at 90 deg.C to obtain fluid extract II with relative density of 1.35, and drying; and crushing the clear paste II into fine powder and micronizing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.
The extraction solvent in the preparation process of the astragalus extract is an aqueous solution with the pH value adjusted to 10 by the mixture of disodium hydrogen phosphate and trisodium phosphate, and the weight ratio of the disodium hydrogen phosphate to the trisodium phosphate is 1: 1.
Specific example 3:
a compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of carps comprises the following specific components in parts by weight:
10 parts of flour; 15 parts of high-protein soybean meal; 48 parts of corn protein powder; 15 parts of vinasse; 10 parts of full cream rice bran; 3 parts of fish meal; 4 parts of chicken powder; 3 parts of whole blood powder is spray-dried; 3 parts of silkworm chrysalis; 2 parts of hydrolyzed feather powder; 1 part of monocalcium phosphate; 2 parts of soybean oil; 4 parts of premix; 8 parts of astragalus extract; 18 parts of ascorbic acid; 4 parts of taurine; 3 parts of garlic powder.
The premix comprises the following specific components in parts by weight: 3 parts of table salt; 12 parts of fine stone powder; 4 parts of methionine; 2 parts of threonine; 14 parts of lysine hydrochloride; 5 parts of multi-mineral for fish; 1 part of multivitamin for fish; 0.3 part of 30 percent bile acid; 1 part of VC grease; 0.5 part of antioxidant; 0.1 part of 50 percent L-carnitine; 0.8 part of high-temperature resistant phytase; 0.8 part of bacillus subtilis; 5 parts of betaine; 0.3 part of choline chloride; and 30 parts of zeolite powder.
The multi-mineral for fish is prepared by mixing ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, copper sulfate and calcium iodate.
The fish multivitamin is prepared by mixing vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin K3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, nicotinamide, calcium pantothenate and inositol.
The preparation method of the compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of the carps comprises the following specific steps:
s1, pretreatment
Preparing hydrolyzed feather powder, spray-dried whole blood powder, radix astragali extract, and premix;
s2, preparing the ingredients
Weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
s3, crushing
Uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials, carrying out primary crushing, crushing until the proportion of the materials passing through a 65-mesh sieve is more than 85%, and then carrying out secondary crushing until the proportion of the materials passing through a 80-mesh sieve is more than 95%;
s4, hardening and tempering
Introducing steam into the mixed powder for tempering for 4min at the tempering temperature of 145 ℃ to prepare a tempered material, wherein the water content of the tempered material is 38%;
s5, puffing and granulating
Puffing and extruding the seasoning material by using an extrusion and expansion machine to obtain feed strips, wherein the aperture of an extrusion die of the extrusion and expansion machine is 300 mu m, cutting the feed strips into feed particles by using a cutter of the extrusion and expansion machine, and controlling the extrusion speed to ensure that the particle size of the feed particles is 300 mu m to obtain wet material;
s6, drying
Drying the wet material at 120 deg.C for 15min to obtain fish feed.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed feather powder comprises the following steps: washing the waste feather with water, air drying, pulverizing, sieving, adding into a high pressure reaction kettle together with hydrochloric acid solution, reacting at 180 deg.C under 500kPa for 45min, filtering, and evaporating to dryness.
The preparation method of the spray-dried whole blood powder comprises the following steps: centrifugally separating animal whole blood into plasma and blood cells, drying the separated animal plasma into plasma protein powder by using a spray drying method, wherein the hot air inlet temperature is 200 ℃ and the air outlet temperature is 60 ℃ when the animal plasma is spray dried.
The preparation method of the astragalus extract comprises the following steps: decocting radix astragali in 10 times of extraction solvent for 3 times, each time for 2 hr, mixing decoctions, and filtering; concentrating the filtrate at 80 deg.C to obtain fluid extract I with relative density of 1.20, adding ethanol to make ethanol content 70%, stirring, and standing; recovering ethanol from the supernatant, concentrating at 80 deg.C to obtain fluid extract II with relative density of 1.30, and drying; and crushing the clear paste II into fine powder and micronizing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.
The extraction solvent in the preparation process of the astragalus extract is an aqueous solution with the pH value adjusted to 10 by the mixture of disodium hydrogen phosphate and trisodium phosphate, and the weight ratio of the disodium hydrogen phosphate to the trisodium phosphate is 1: 2.
The high-protein soybean meal and the corn protein powder provide sufficient protein for the growth of the carps; the premix provides rich vitamins and minerals, and meets the special nutritional requirements of the carps; taurine can improve the oxidation resistance of fish body, remove active oxygen free radicals, and regulate the metabolic disorder of free radicals caused by stress; the astragalus extract can enhance the immunity of the carp and improve the disease resistance of the carp; the ascorbic acid can enhance the anti-stress capability and resistance of the carp and reduce the toxin in the carp body; the garlic powder contains sulfur compounds, has good antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, and is one of the strongest antibacterial effects in natural plants found at present.
The comparative data of the carp fed by the feed prepared by the invention are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002855632380000081
Wherein 100 carps in the control group are fed by adopting a compound feed sold in the market, one group, two groups and three groups are fed by adopting the compound feed disclosed by the invention in the embodiments 1-3, the feeding period is one month, and the oxygen is cut off at high temperature for 2 hours every 7 days during the feeding period.
The table shows that the survival rate of the carp is higher when the compound feed is used for feeding the carp, which shows that the feed is more beneficial to the growth of the carp and has stronger stress capability.
The present invention has been described in connection with the specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned manner, and it is within the protection scope of the present invention as long as various modifications are made by using the method concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the present invention is directly applied to other occasions without modification.

Claims (9)

1. The compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of carps is characterized by comprising the following specific components in parts by weight:
5-15 parts of flour; 12-20 parts of high-protein soybean meal; 45-50 parts of corn protein powder; 10-20 parts of vinasse; 8-15 parts of full cream rice bran; 2-5 parts of fish meal; 2-5 parts of chicken powder; 2-5 parts of whole blood powder by spray drying; 2-5 parts of silkworm chrysalis; 1-4 parts of hydrolyzed feather powder; 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 1-3 parts of soybean oil; 2-5 parts of premix; 5-10 parts of astragalus extract; 15-20 parts of ascorbic acid; 3-5 parts of taurine; 2-3 parts of garlic powder.
2. The compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of carps according to claim 1, is characterized in that the premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of salt; 10-15 parts of fine stone powder; 2-5 parts of methionine; 1-3 parts of threonine; 10-15 parts of lysine hydrochloride; 3-6 parts of multi-mineral for fish; 0.5-1.5 parts of multivitamin for fish; 0.1 to 0.5 portion of 30 percent bile acid; 0.8-1.6 parts of VC grease; 0.3-1 part of antioxidant; 0.05 to 0.15 portion of 50 percent L-carnitine; 0.5-1.0 part of high-temperature resistant phytase; 0.3-1.0 part of bacillus subtilis; 2-8 parts of betaine; 0.1-0.4 part of choline chloride; 20-40 parts of zeolite powder.
3. The compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of carp according to claim 2, wherein the polymineral for fish is prepared by mixing ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, copper sulfate and calcium iodate.
4. The compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of carp according to claim 3, wherein said fish multi-vitamin is prepared by mixing vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin K3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, nicotinamide, calcium pantothenate and inositol.
5. A preparation method of a compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of carps is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1, pretreatment
Preparing hydrolyzed feather powder, spray-dried whole blood powder, radix astragali extract, and premix;
s2, preparing the ingredients
Weighing the raw materials according to the proportion;
s3, crushing
Uniformly mixing the weighed raw materials, carrying out primary crushing, crushing until the proportion of the materials passing through a 65-mesh sieve is more than 85%, and then carrying out secondary crushing until the proportion of the materials passing through a 80-mesh sieve is more than 95%;
s4, hardening and tempering
Introducing water vapor into the mixed powder for tempering for 2-5min at the tempering temperature of 140-150 ℃ to prepare a tempered material, wherein the water content of the tempered material is 35-40%;
s5, puffing and granulating
Puffing and extruding the seasoning material by using an extrusion and expansion machine to prepare a feed strip, wherein the aperture of an extrusion die of the extrusion and expansion machine is 200-400 mu m, cutting the feed strip into feed granules by using a cutter of the extrusion and expansion machine, and controlling the extrusion speed to ensure that the particle size of the feed granules is 200-400 mu m to prepare a wet material;
s6, drying
Drying the wet material at the temperature of 100-150 ℃ for 10-30min to prepare the fish feed.
6. The preparation method of the compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of the carp according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the hydrolyzed feather meal comprises the following steps: washing the waste feather with water, drying in the air, crushing, sieving, adding the crushed waste feather and a hydrochloric acid solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 30-60min at the temperature of 150-.
7. The preparation method of the compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of the carp according to claim 6, wherein the preparation method of the spray-dried whole blood powder comprises the following steps: centrifugally separating animal whole blood into plasma and blood cells, drying the separated animal plasma into plasma protein powder by using a spray drying method, wherein the hot air inlet temperature is 160-220 ℃ and the air outlet temperature is 40-80 ℃ during spray drying of the animal plasma.
8. The preparation method of the compound feed for improving the anti-stress capability of the carp according to claim 7, wherein the astragalus extract is prepared by the following steps: decocting radix astragali in water 8-12 times for 2-4 times (each time for 1-3 hr), mixing decoctions, and filtering; concentrating the filtrate at 70-90 deg.C to obtain fluid extract I with relative density of 1.10-1.30, adding ethanol to ethanol content of 60-80%, stirring, and standing; recovering ethanol from the supernatant, concentrating at 70-90 deg.C to obtain fluid extract II with relative density of 1.20-1.35, and drying; and crushing the clear paste II into fine powder and micronizing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.
9. The method for preparing a compound feed for improving the anti-stress ability of carp according to claim 8, wherein the extracting solvent of the astragalus extract is an aqueous solution of disodium hydrogen phosphate and trisodium phosphate at a weight ratio of 1:2-1:1, wherein the pH of the aqueous solution is adjusted to 9-10 by a mixture of disodium hydrogen phosphate and trisodium phosphate.
CN202011544816.2A 2020-12-23 2020-12-23 Compound feed for improving anti-stress capability of carps and preparation method thereof Withdrawn CN112471366A (en)

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CN107594118A (en) * 2017-10-23 2018-01-19 蚌埠市禹会区天河湖斯祥甲鱼养殖农民专业合作社 A kind of mixed feed for soft-shelled turtle seedling
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CN107594118A (en) * 2017-10-23 2018-01-19 蚌埠市禹会区天河湖斯祥甲鱼养殖农民专业合作社 A kind of mixed feed for soft-shelled turtle seedling
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